河南省六市（南阳市、驻马店市、信阳市、漯河市、周口市、三门峡市）2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

河南省六市（南阳市、驻马店市、信阳市、漯河市、周口市、三门峡市）2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 河南省六市(南阳市、驻马店市、信阳市、漯河市、周口市、三门峡市)2020届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What does the man want a robot for?‎ A. Looking after his younger brother.‎ B. Helping his mother with housework.‎ C. Playing with him in his free time.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Tom, what would you do with a robot if you had one?‎ M: I would probably have it help my mother look after my little brother. He’s one. My mom has a lot of things to do and almost no time to rest.‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ Who has a robot?‎ A. The man. B. The man’s sister. C. The woman’s sister.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Do you think people will have robots in their homes in 20 years?‎ M: Yes, I do. In fact, they are going into thousands of homes. My sister already has a robot that cleans the kitchen.‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What does the man think of the woman?‎ A. She is careless with money.‎ B. She has good taste in clothing.‎ - 34 -‎ C She is able to make money.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: I would love to buy that green suit I saw in the department store, but I don’t have enough money.‎ M: Well, Helen, if you budgeted more carefully, you would be able to buy it.‎ W: Yes, I know!‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What does the man wish the robot could do?‎ A. Sing. B. Dance. C. Play chess.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Look at the robot sing and dance!‎ M: That’s amazing - if it could play chess, I would definitely buy one.‎ W: Sing, dance and play chess - yes, I would too.‎ ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. The man’s mistake. B. The man’s behavior. C. The man’s job interview.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: I am so anxious. I am afraid that I will do the wrong things.‎ W: Just take it easy, Harry. I’m sure everything will be fine.‎ M: I hope so.‎ W: Remember, when you meet the interviewer, the most important thing is to look at him in the eye, smile, and shake hands.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ - 34 -‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎6. What is the woman?‎ A. A nurse. B. A dentist. C. A researcher.‎ ‎7. What does the woman think of the robot Hanako?‎ A. Expensive. B. Special C. Helpless ‎【答案】6. B 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Hello, Ann! How is everything going?‎ W: Not so good.‎ M: What’s the matter?‎ W: Well, you know, I’m a new dentist, so very few patients are willing to have me treat them. I don’t know what to do.‎ M: I just read about a new kind of robot called Hanako which the Japanese researched and developed. It was developed for dentists!‎ W: Really? How does it help dentists?‎ M: The robot has many, many different facial expressions which can be useful as a model for young dentists to imitate. Research has shown that dentists using Hanako have really advanced in their practice.‎ W: That sounds like a wonderful idea, but isn’t it very expensive?‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎8. What does the woman do?‎ A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A doctor.‎ ‎9. What are the kids in the speakers’ class like?‎ A. Active. B. Rude. C. Shy.‎ ‎10. Why does the woman have to leave?‎ A. Her kid needs to be taken care of.‎ B. She has another job in a hospital.‎ - 34 -‎ C. Her parents are in poor health.‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: How do you like the kids in our class?‎ W: Oh, they are wonderful! I just love them.‎ M: They love you too. The kids say you are the best teacher they have ever had.‎ W: Oh, really! When I first went into their classroom, they all stood up to greet me with smiles on their faces.‎ M: It seems that they loved you at first sight.‎ W: I also really enjoy how active they are. None of them are shy.‎ M: Then why are you leaving?‎ W: I really don’t want to leave, but I have to because of my parents. They aren’t in good health. I have to take them to the hospital quite often.‎ M: I’m sorry to hear that. Well, the students will certainly miss you.‎ W: I will miss them too.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎11. Where does the conversation take place?‎ A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a department store.‎ ‎12. Who made the robot?‎ A. A young teacher. B. A German engineer. C. An old cook.‎ ‎13. What does the woman want to do?‎ A. Buy her mother a robot cook.‎ B. Take a cooking course in Beijing.‎ C. Hold a birthday party.‎ ‎【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: So Alice, what do you think of this dish? The waiter brought it while you were in the restroom.‎ - 34 -‎ W: It looks beautiful - and oh my! This is delicious.‎ M: It is, isn’t it? It is cooked by a very special cook.‎ W: He must be a very famous cook.‎ M: He is famous - but he’s not a human being. He’s a robot.‎ W: A robot? I can’t believe it.‎ M: It is true. The robot was made by an old man in Beijing, a famous cook, with the help of his German cooking teacher. You just need to put the ingredients inside the robot and input the instructions. After just a few minutes, a delicious dish will be finished.‎ W: Easy and convenient!‎ M: Yeah, it really is! The inventor plans to produce and sell more of these robot cooks to restaurants all over the country.‎ W: That’s so cool. I’d love to buy my mother one for her birthday.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎14. How long has the man been working in the zoo?‎ A. For 25 years. B. For 20 years. C. For 15 years.‎ ‎15. How does the man describe his work?‎ A. Hard. B. Well - paid. C. Interesting.‎ ‎16. When does the zoo close in winter?‎ A. At 4:30 pm. B. At 5:30 pm. C. At 6:30pm.‎ ‎17. What does the man do in the z00?‎ A. He clears out cages.‎ B. He feeds the animals.‎ C. He does the management work.‎ ‎【答案】14. B 15. A 16. B 17. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: It’s 9 o’clock. It’s time for an interview with Mr. Wang, the director of our city zoo. Good evening!‎ M: Good evening, everyone! It’s my honor to be invited here.‎ - 34 -‎ W: When did you first start working in the zoo?‎ M: About 20 years ago, five years after my graduation.‎ W: Wow! Such a long time. Do you like your job?‎ M: Yes, I love it. I’m very happy here, although the work is hard and the pay isn’t so good.‎ W: How often do you work every week?‎ M: Our staff usually work six days a week, but I always come to my office every day though I can leave after twelve on weekends.‎ W: Then when are your work hours every day?‎ M: I start at 8 am and finish at 6:30pm, Monday to Friday, in the spring and summer. In winter the zoo closes an hour earlier because it gets dark earlier.‎ W: What do you usually do for the animals? Do you have to clear out the animals’ cages and give them food?‎ M: No, I mainly do the management work to make the zoo go well.‎ W: I see. Your job does sound really hard, but I think all of us here in the city are grateful for your hard work in keeping our zoo open, so we can all enjoy the many cute animals! Thank you very much for coming in and talking with us today.‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎18. Where did Joel live?‎ A. In Bell. B. In Montebello. C. In Los Angeles.‎ ‎19 How long did it take Joel to pass his written test?‎ A. Six days. B. A month. C. Six weeks.‎ ‎20. How did Joel learn to drive in the end?‎ A. His uncle taught him. B. His cousin taught him. C. He taught himself.‎ ‎【答案】18. A 19. C 20. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】Learning to drive seemed scary for Joel at first. He had recently bought his - 34 -‎ ‎ first car. It was white and had dark red leather seats.‎ Joel was attending college in the city of Los Angeles, working at a bookstore in the city of Montebello, and living in the city of Bell. Having a car would make traveling much more convenient. Joel had been getting around by means of public transportation. He was ready to stop taking the bus to school and work. The first thing Joel had to do was to get a driving license. Passing the written test was the only way to get a driving permit. Joel studied for six weeks and passed his test. With the permit in hand, Joel next had to learn how to drive.‎ Joel already knew who should teach him. His uncle had told him, “If I teach you how to drive, you won’t be able to really master the skills. Your aunt and cousin learned that the hard way.” After a month full of struggle, Joel finally learned how to drive his car on his own. Although it was scary at first, driving eventually became easy for Joel.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项并在题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Christmas is coming early this year for “Downton Abbey”《唐顿庄园》fans. Highclere Castle, where the beloved British show was filmed, will be available for one night only on Airbnb.‎ The stay will offer two lucky guests a glimpse at what life as a Crawley may have been like. The once-in-a-lifetime stay will take place on November 26, 2019, according to the listing.‎ Highclere Castle belongs to the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon, who still live on the grounds and will host the guests. The Earl is Queen Elizabeth II’s godson.‎ Reservations for Highclere Castle will become available on October 1 at 7 p.m. ET, and it’s first come, first serve.‎ The stay at Highclere Castle will cost $159.‎ In a one-night-only listing, Earl and Lady Carnarvon are inviting one lucky couple - 34 -‎ ‎ to “live like royalty” at their 100,000-square-foot, 300-room estate in Hampshire, England. The chosen pair will be invited to share dinner with the Earl and Countess in the state dining room, followed by coffee in the library. They will then retire to one of the gallery bedrooms with views overlooking 1,000 acres of parkland. Before they leave the following day, the guests can also expect breakfast and a private tour of the grounds that will highlight rooms “Downton Abbey” fans know well, including the drawing room and gallery bedrooms.‎ Guests will be waited on by the castle’s butler service(管家服务) during dinner and there’s strictly one butler allowed per guest, according to house rules.‎ Other stipulations for guests include that all newspapers must be ironed, they must wear cocktail attire to dinner, they can only gossip in the downstairs quarters, and there are no pets allowed. But have no fear, there are nine dogs on site who can’t wait to make your acquaintance.‎ This isn’t the first time the Earl and Countess have opened their doors to the public.‎ Visitors can take tours of the castle between 9:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. daily from July to September. The castle is also open on various days throughout the year. The couple even hosted the first public Christmas ball at Highclere Castle last year. They’ll be hosting another holiday ball this year, though the specific date hasn’t been announced yet.‎ ‎“It’s an absolute privilege and pleasure to call Highclere Castle my home and I am delighted to be able to share it on Airbnb for a truly unique stay,” Lady Carnarvon wrote on Airbnb.‎ ‎“Highclere Castle has been in the Carnarvon family since 1679 and has an incredibly rich history,” the Countess added. “I am passionate about the stories and heritage of Highclere Castle, and I am looking forward to welcoming our future guests.”‎ The event builds on the excitement for the “Downton Abbey” film.‎ The film follows the Crawley family as they prepare for a visit from King George V and Queen Mary in 1927. It premieres in theaters on Friday in the US.‎ - 34 -‎ ‎21. From the passage, we can learn that ________.‎ A. the guests will stay at Highclere Castle on Christmas Eve B. Downton Abbey was filmed at Highclere Castle C. Highclere Castle will offer the guests only B&B D. all the visitors will be invited to have caffee ‎22. The stay will ________.‎ A. be reserved on October 1 at 7 p.m. ET B. provide the guests with dinner and coffee in the library C. allow guests to take 9 dogs at most D. witness a Christmas ball on November 26, 2019‎ ‎23 The passage is probably a(n) ________.‎ A. film review B. family introduction C. travel advertisement D. castle story ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了拍摄《唐顿庄园》的海克利尔城堡将会在Airbnb上接受预定入住活动，先到先得。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中Highclere Castle, where the beloved British show was filmed, will be available for one night only on Airbnb. 海克利尔城堡(Highclere Castle)是这部备受喜爱的英国电视剧的拍摄地，只在Airbnb上开放一晚。可知，电影《唐顿庄园》是在海克利尔城堡拍摄的。故选B项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段Reservations for Highclere Castle will become available on October 1 at 7 p.m. ET, and it’s first come, first serve. 海克利尔城堡的预订将于美国东部时间10月1日晚7点开始接受预订，先到先得。可知，入住预定是在美国东部时间10月1日下午7点开始。故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段Christmas is coming early this year for “Downton - 34 -‎ ‎ Abbey”《唐顿庄园》fans. Highclere Castle, where the beloved British show was filmed, will be available for one night only on Airbnb. 对于《唐顿庄园》的粉丝们来说，今年的圣诞节会提前到来。海克利尔城堡是这部备受喜爱的英国电视剧的拍摄地，只在Airbnb上开放一晚。以及The stay at Highclere Castle will cost $159. 海克利尔城堡的住宿费用为159美元。The event builds on the excitement for the “Downton Abbey” film. 该活动建立在《唐顿庄园》电影的兴奋之上。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了拍摄《唐顿庄园》的海克利尔城堡将会在Airbnb上接受预定入住，先到先得，因此可以推断这篇文章是一篇旅游宣传广告。可知，故选C项。‎ B Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. As we initially considered it, it seemed crazy. Would we even make it a week without going mad? Living room, kitchen, office, dining room, all in one small four-walled space.‎ There were a number of other potential options. We could move out into the suburbs like most people do in our extraordinarily expensive city and have a small yard maybe even a basement. But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. We like to live differently from the crowd, to avoid what everyone else is doing “just because” everyone else is.‎ ‎“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space.‎ In the past, sometimes we had quite different ideas about which art or decorating style we found appealing. But here, in this tiny space, we found ourselves having a ton of fun exploring possible options. There’s no room for clutter(凌乱的东西), either. This is a gift!‎ It’s been 8 months, and we’re staying. Perhaps forever. When a space is this small, you don’t need to spend much in furnishing it, and you can’t keep endlessly buying things. There’s nowhere to put them!‎ This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much - 34 -‎ ‎ bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. It’s so much better than feeling weighed down, paying for a big space and more and more things. I highly recommend it.‎ ‎24. What can we learn from the words of the author’s husband?‎ A. He didn’t like to stay in the small space.‎ B. He made up his mind to stay in the small space.‎ C. He was uncertain about living in the small space.‎ D. He encouraged the author to live in the small space.‎ ‎25. What do we know about the author’s experience from the text?‎ A. It was depressing but inspiring.‎ B. It was challenging but interesting.‎ C. It was disappointing but touching.‎ D. It was embarrassing but rewarding.‎ ‎26. What’s the main advantage of living in the small room to the author?‎ A. She could enjoy life more. B. She could avoid the crowds.‎ C. She could clean the room easily. D. She could enjoy a feeling of freedom.‎ ‎27. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. A new trend of living B. The joy of living “tiny”‎ C. Save space, save money D. Make good use of space ‎【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历和感受到的乐趣。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. “让我们试六个月吧。如果它让我们发疯，我们就会搬家。我们可以在6个月内做任何事情，”我丈夫说。可知，作者的丈夫也不确定能否住在这个小地方里，因此他提出了先住六个月试试。故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that - 34 -‎ ‎ aroused our interest, which challenged us. 但是，这个整洁的“小”房子里有一些东西引起了我们的兴趣，对我们提出了挑战。以及第三段中It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 一开始挤进这个空间很有挑战性，但后来有件事让我们大吃一惊。我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。可知，文章中作者的经历是具有挑战性的，但也很有趣。故选B项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. 这给我们留下了更多的经济资源和更多的时间去到更广阔的世界去享受生活。对我们来说，住在“小”房子里让我们有一种富足的感觉。可知，作者认为住在“小”房子主要的好处是她能更多地去享受生活。故选A项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. 今年早些时候，我和我的丈夫有机会在一个城市的“微小”空间里安家。第二段中We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。以及最后一段中I highly recommend it. 我强烈推荐它。可知，本文主要是讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历以及感受到的乐趣，因此本文的最佳标题是“住在小房子的乐趣”。故选B项。‎ C We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.‎ In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. It’s just too high-pitched(音调高的)for humans to hear.‎ Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz(千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant - 34 -‎ ‎ kingdom,” they wrote.‎ On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.‎ Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.‎ If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.‎ Khait’s report also suggest that insets and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth(蛾子)may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.‎ If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can’t hear them?‎ ‎28. What did Khait and his team find from their research?‎ A. Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.‎ B. Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.‎ C. Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.‎ D. Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.‎ ‎29. How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the - 34 -‎ ‎ text?‎ A. A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.‎ B. Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.‎ C. Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.‎ D. Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.‎ ‎30. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?‎ A. The potential applications of the research.‎ B. Challenges facing farmers in the future.‎ C. Farmers ‘contributions to the research.‎ D. What the future agriculture will be like.‎ ‎31. The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “________”.‎ A. practical B. unsuspected C. unsupported D. complicated ‎【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项尚未发表的研究发现，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，不同类型的压力导致了不同的声音。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed. 现在，据《新科学家》报道，他们已经被录下了在压力下发声的声音。以及第二段中In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. 在一项尚未发表的研究中，以色列特拉维夫大学的伊扎克·凯特(Itzhak Khait)和他的团队发现，番茄和烟草植物可以发出超声波。由于缺水或茎被剪断时，植物会“哭泣”。可知，Khait和他的团队发现植物能够发出声音来应对压力。故选B项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency.‎ - 34 -‎ ‎ Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. 在大多数情况下，它能根据声音的强度和频率，正确地识别出压力是由干燥引起的还是由切割引起的。例如，缺水的烟草似乎比切下来的烟草发出的声音更大。可知，切下来的烟草发出的声音似乎比干旱胁迫下的烟草发出的声音要弱。故选C项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第六段中As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. 他们说，随着气候变化导致更多的干旱，这对农民来说将是重要的信息。“受干旱胁迫的植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业，”英国皇家植物园的Anne Visscher说。可知，本段主要是讲述了研究发现植物能发出声音对农业的影响，也就是研究在农业的潜在应用价值。故选A项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”. 瑞士洛桑大学的Edward Farmer对此表示怀疑。他说，让飞蛾听植物的声音这种想法“有点太___________了”。由doubtful可知Edward Farmer不确定这种说法是否正确，因此猜测划线词speculative意为“未经证实的，推测性的”。故选C项。‎ D Although there is growing research into the negative effect that screen-based technology can have on well-being(健康), the trick technology companies have somehow played is that they have made it our problem, not theirs. For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the world of apps, addiction is what brings in money.‎ Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former. The reason why so much technology doesn’t support well-being was no consideration in its design.‎ - 34 -‎ An important area for improvement is notifications(通知). Notifications are a great example of a feature that’s great for the product but bad for the users, since not only do they make us less focused but they also cause anxiety about the things we’ve missed, a symptom of addiction. There is very little good about an inbox icon(收件箱图标)showing a bright red circle with a high number on it. Notifications can be made friendlier by not showing them in real time. One idea is to show the level of unread messages through the weight of the app name. So if you had lots of emails, your Mail app would be very bold(粗体的), but if you didn’t have any, it would be lighter. In this way, less attention will be required.‎ Though it sounds challenging, finally money will talk. It is possible to make changes to products that don’t damage their primary income models. Changes could be made that help us feel better about ourselves. When a company becomes more well-being-positive, they add a competitive difference and become more attractive.‎ ‎32. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?‎ A. Young people can be tricked easily.‎ B. Screen-based technology is negative.‎ C. The addiction problem can’t be solved.‎ D. Tech companies are to blame for addiction.‎ ‎33. If the users don’t improve the effect on well-being, it tends to be ________.‎ A. indifferent B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. interesting ‎34. How can the apps reduce the negative effects according to the author?‎ A. By removing the inbox icon.‎ B. By limiting people’s screen time.‎ C. By making notifications less eye-catching.‎ D. By informing the users of messages in no time.‎ ‎35. What does the author think of well-being-positive companies?‎ A. They will enjoy the benefit finally. B. They will have an uncertain future.‎ C. They will do good to the minority. D. They will change income models.‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【答案】32. D 33. C 34. C 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。针对基于屏幕的技术可能会对用户的健康产生负面影响这个现象，作者指出要优化产品的设计并提出了一些改进的建议。作者认为当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the world of apps, addiction is what brings in money. 例如，我们责怪年轻人沉迷于他们的应用软件是荒谬的，而简单的事实是，软件的设计是让人上瘾的。在应用软件的世界里，上瘾能带来金钱。可知，科技公司是上瘾的罪魁祸首。故选D项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former. 无论你运行的是视频服务、新闻网站还是手机游戏，你的产品肯定会对你的用户的心理健康产生影响——无论是消极的还是积极的。但可悲的现实是，如果你不优化这种效果，它往往是前者。可知，如果使用者不改善对健康的影响，它往往是悲观的。故选C项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Notifications are a great example of a feature that’s great for the product but bad for the users, since not only do they make us less focused but they also cause anxiety about the things we’ve missed, a symptom of addiction. There is very little good about an inbox icon(收件箱图标)showing a bright red circle with a high number on it.通知功能是一个很好的例子，它对产品有好处，但对用户有坏处，因为它不仅让我们注意力不集中，还会让我们对错过的东西感到焦虑，这是上瘾的症状。收件箱图标显示一个亮红色的圆圈，上面的数字很高，这没什么好处。可知，作者认为通过降低通知的醒目程度，应用软件可以减少负面影响。故选C项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中When a company becomes more well-being-positive, they add - 34 -‎ ‎ a competitive difference and become more attractive.当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。可知，作者认为积极向上的公司最终会享受到好处。故选A项。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Smartwatches and fitness trackers (健身追踪器)have gained popularity recently. These tools can record your daily steps, heart rates, etc. ____36____. If yes, it might be a sign that you’re addicted to your fitness tracker.‎ ‎___37___. If you keep setting unrealistic daily goals that involve working out for too long, and if you begin to ignore friends and responsibilities to make time for your workout, then you’re most probably addicted to your fitness tracker.‎ It’s a struggle to overcome the addiction to fitnesstrackers. ____38____. For example, the number in your smart watch showing how far you’ve come can give you a sense of achievement.‎ Of course, failing to meet your daily goal can be discouraging. You might focus on your shortcomings rather than your progress. Another problem is that you might find yourself paying too much attention to the step number rather than how your body feels. ____39____.‎ Therefore, if you’re spending too much time looking at your smartwatch, limit your daily step count to a comfortable level. ____40____. For example, concentrating on your hobbies or socializing with friends can be a great way to keep your mind on other things.‎ A. Don’t overuse your smartwatch.‎ B. It doesn’t convey what you’re really feeling.‎ C. After all, reaching a daily step count can be so appealing.‎ D. How can you tell whether you’re addicted to your fitness tracker?‎ E. Actually, this addiction to step count can be risky, mentally and physically.‎ F. However, do you find yourself checking your steps and heart rates too often?‎ G. Besides, you can find other things to do that don’t involve checking your fitness tracker.‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【答案】36. F 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章指出了对健身追踪器上瘾的现象和迹象，分析了其原因和给精神上和身体上带来的影响，并给出了一些摆脱的建议。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 根据下一句If yes, it might be a sign that you’re addicted to your fitness tracker. 如果是，那可能是你对健身追踪器上瘾的迹象。以及上一句These tools can record your daily steps, heart rates, etc. 这些工具可以记录你每天的步数、心率等。可知，此句是一个疑问句，且此处内容与查看步数和心率有关，选项F“然而，你是否发现自己过于频繁地查看自己的步数和心率？”符合题意。故选F。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 根据下文If you keep setting unrealistic daily goals that involve working out for too long, and if you begin to ignore friends and responsibilities to make time for your workout, then you’re most probably addicted to your fitness tracker. 如果你总是设定不切实际的日常目标，包括锻炼太长时间，如果你开始忽视朋友和责任，腾出时间来锻炼，那么你很可能对你的健身追踪器上瘾了。可知，此句位于段首，且此处内容与怎么判断你有可能对健身追踪器上瘾有关，选项D“你怎么知道你是否对你的健身追踪器上瘾了呢？”符合题意。故选D。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 根据下一句For example, the number in your smart watch showing how far you’ve come can give you a sense of achievement. 例如，智能手表上显示你已经走了多远的数字可以给你一种成就感。可知，此处内容与查看每天走了多少步是有吸引力的有关，选项C“毕竟，每天走多少步是很有吸引力的。”符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 根据上文You might focus on your shortcomings rather than your progress. Another problem is that you might find yourself paying too much attention to the step number rather than how your body feels. 你可能会关注你的缺点而不是进步。另一个问题是，你可能会发现自己过于关注步数，而不是你的身体感觉。可知，此句位于段末，且此处内容与对步数上瘾会给精神上和身体上都会带来影响有关，选项E“事实上，这种对步数的上瘾在精神上和身体上都是有风险的。”符合题意。故选E。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 根据下一句For example, concentrating on your hobbies or socializing with friends can be a great way to keep your mind on other things.例如，专注于你的爱好或与朋友的社交活动是让你把注意力放在其他事情上的好方法。可知，此处内容与做一些与检查健身追踪器无关的事情有关，选项G“此外，你还可以找到其他不需要检查健身追踪器的事情。”符合题意。故选G。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Jeremy Locke, 25, has his own roofing company in Bridgeport, Nova Scotia. For a couple of years before he ____41____ his own business, he often drove past the home of Jeanette MacDonald, noticing the ____42____ state of her roof. He was ____43____ - not just for the elderly woman, but the lovely children living with her. So Locke decided to lend a helping hand. The young man knocked on Mac-Donald’s door and ____44____ to fix her roof for nothing. “I didn’t ____45____ who the woman was, but I wanted to take care of this for her and her grandchildren.” he explained. However, despite his kind ____46____, the grandma said she would apply for a grant(补助金)and ____47____ refused. MacDonald and her difficulty left an impression on Locke. He saw similarities between the woman and his own grandmother, and couldn’t stand ____48____ her in this situation. He had also grown up ____49____ and felt that he could use his ____50____ to help. A year after Locke set up his own roofing company, knowing that the roof was ____51____ in a state of disrepair, Locke ____52____ to MacDonald’s home and asked her if she wanted to enter a raffle(抽奖)his company was doing for a free roof. The 70-year-old ____53____ the chance, but little did she know that there was no ____54____. As a matter of fact, Locke’s ____55____ gave MacDonald a great relief. She said, “Even winning $1 million wouldn’t make me as ____56____ as knowing I’m getting a ____57____ roof. Jeremy is a(n) ____58____ sent from God.” The job ____59____ about $ 9,000 in terms of materials and manpower. However, the only thing Locke wants in return is a home-made meal for his staff from the woman ‎ - 34 -‎ who ____60____ him of his grandma.‎ ‎41. A. minded B. expanded C. started D. abandoned ‎42. A. terrible B. natural C. perfect D. previous ‎43. A. frightened B. grateful C. happy D. concerned ‎44. A. agreed B. offered C. refused D. failed ‎45. A. tell B. recognize C. know D. care ‎46. A. attitude B. gesture C. response D. promise ‎47. A. unwillingly B. secretly C. politely D. angrily ‎48. A. seeing B. helping C. imagining D. hurting ‎49. A. in sorrow B. in advance C. in person D. in poverty ‎50. A. influence B. skills C. experiences D. money ‎51. A. already B. even C. just D. still ‎52. A. returned B. drove C. ran D. escaped ‎53. A. aimed at B. laughed at C. jumped at D. looked at ‎54. A. opportunity B. competition C. answer D. cheat ‎55. A. adventure B. decision C. change D. kindness ‎56. A. rich B. relaxed C. joyful D. strong ‎57. A. new B. pretty C. clean D. special ‎58. A. doctor B. angel C. killer D. messenger ‎59. A. cost B. wasted C. charged D. earned ‎60. A. informs B. convinces C. warns D. reminds ‎【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ - 34 -‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个温暖的故事：25岁善良的Jeremy Locke千方百计地帮助Jeanette MacDonald家免费修理坏掉的屋顶，并说了一个白色谎言让老人安心接受。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他开始自己做生意之前的几年里，他经常开车经过Jeanette MacDonald的家，注意到她的屋顶糟糕的状况。A. minded介意，反对；B. expanded扩大；C. started开始，出发；D. abandoned抛弃，离弃。根据before可知此处表示在他开始自己做生意之前。故选C。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他开始自己做生意之前的几年里，他经常开车经过Jeanette MacDonald的家，注意到她的屋顶糟糕的状况。A. terrible可怕的，很糟的；B. natural自然的；C. perfect完美的；D. previous以前的，早先的。根据下文So Locke decided to lend a helping hand.可知此处表示Jeanette MacDonald家的屋顶状况糟糕。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他关心的不只是老太太，还有和她住在一起的可爱的孩子们。A. frightened害怕的；B. grateful感激的；C. happy高兴的；D. concerned担忧的。根据not just for the elderly woman, but the lovely children living with her.可知此处表示Locke对这种状况感到担忧。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人敲了Mac-Donald家的门，提出免费修理她的屋顶。A. agreed同意；B. offered提供；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。根据to fix her roof for nothing可知此处表示Locke免费提供修理屋顶。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不知道那个女士是谁，但我想为她和她的孙子孙女们弄好这个。”他解释道。A. tell告知；B. recognize认出；C. know知道，认识；D. care关心。固定短语take care of照料，照顾，这里意为弄好、修理好屋顶。故选C。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管他姿态友好，奶奶说她会申请补助金，并礼貌地拒绝了。A. attitude态度；B. gesture姿态；举止；C. response响应；D. promise承诺。根据kind可知此处表示Locke友好的言谈举止。故选B。‎ ‎47题详解】‎ - 34 -‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管他姿态友好，奶奶说她会申请补助金，并礼貌地拒绝了。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. secretly秘密地；C. politely有礼貌地；D. angrily愤怒地。根据the grandma said she would apply for a grant可知这个奶奶会有礼貌地拒绝Locke的帮助。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到了这个女士和他自己的祖母的相似之处，他无法忍受看到她处于这种情形下。A. seeing看见，观看；B. helping帮助；C. imagining想象；D. hurting伤害。根据He saw similarities between the woman and his own grandmother可知此处表示Locke不能忍受看到她处于这种情形下。短语can’t stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事。故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他也是在贫困中长大的，觉得可以用自己的技能来帮助别人。A. in sorrow悲伤地；B. in advance预先，提前；C. in person当面，亲自；D. in poverty在贫困当中。根据上文He saw similarities between the woman and his own grandmother和He had also grown up可知Locke也是在贫困中长大的。故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也是在贫困中长大的，觉得可以用自己的技能来帮助别人。A. influence 影响，势力；B. skills技能，技巧；C. experiences经历；D. money钱。根据下文A year after Locke set up his own roofing company可知此处表示Locke觉得他可以用自己的技能帮助别人。故选B。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一年后，Locke建立了自己的屋顶公司，知道屋顶仍然处于失修状态，Locke回到MacDonald的家，问她是否想参加抽奖，他的公司正在做一个免费屋顶的活动。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. just只是，仅仅；D. still仍然。根据in a state of disrepair可知此处表示上文的那个屋顶状况仍然是糟糕的。故选D。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，Locke建立了自己的屋顶公司，知道屋顶仍然处于失修状态，Locke返回到MacDonald家，问她是否想参加抽奖，他的公司正在做一个免费屋顶的活动。A. returned返回；B. drove开车；C. ran跑；D. escaped逃离，避开。根据to MacDonald’s home and asked her if she wanted to enter a raffle可知他再次返回到MacDonald家。故选A。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这位70岁的老人欣然接受了这个机会，但她几乎不知道竞争是不存在的。A. aimed at目的在于，针对；B. laughed at嘲笑；C. jumped at欣然接受；D. looked at注意，看，寻找。根据the chance可知这个老人接受了这个机会。故选C。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位70岁的老人欣然接受了这个机会，但她几乎不知道竞争是不存在的。A. opportunity时机，机会；B. competition竞争，比赛；C. answer答案；D. cheat欺骗，作弊。根据转折词but可知此处表示抽奖的竞争是不存在的。故选B。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Locke的善意给了MacDonald很大的安慰。A. adventure冒险；B. decision决定，决心；C. change改变；D. kindness仁慈，好意。根据上文but little did she know that there was no competition.可知帮她家修理屋顶其实是Locke的善意。故选D。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使赢了100万美元，我也不会像知道自己要换新屋顶那样高兴。A. rich富有的；B. relaxed放松的；C. joyful欢喜的；D. strong强壮的。根据Even winning $1 million wouldn’t make me as…as可知此处表示她觉得即使赢了100万美元也没那么高兴。故选C。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使赢了100万美元，我也不会像知道自己要换新屋顶那样高兴。A. new新的；B. pretty可爱的，漂亮的；C. clean干净的；D. special特别的，重要的。根据上文Locke’s kindness gave MacDonald a great relief可知此处表示这个老人家里要换新的屋顶了。故选A。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jeremy是上帝派来的天使。A. doctor医生；B. angel天使；C. killer杀手；D. messenger送信者，先驱。根据sent from God可知老人把Locke看作是上帝派来的天使。故选B。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项工作的材料和人力成本约花费9000美元。A. cost花费；B. wasted浪费；C. charged改变；D. earned挣得，引起。根据about $ 9,000 in terms of - 34 -‎ ‎ materials and manpower可知此处表示花费的成本。故选A。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，作为回报，Locke唯一想要的就是从那个让他想起奶奶的女士那里为他的员工做一顿家常饭菜。A. informs通知；B. convinces说服；C. warns警告；D. reminds提醒。根据上文He saw similarities between the woman and his own grandmother可知，这位女士让他想起他的奶奶。固定短语remind sb. of sb./sth.提醒（想起）某人某事。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第8小题要求判断Locke不能忍受什么了，根据He saw similarities between the woman and his own grandmother可知看到了这个女士和他自己的祖母的相似之处，在这种情况下，此处表示Locke不能忍受看到她了，故选A项。第19小题要求判断在老奶奶眼里Jeremy Locke是什么，根据sent from God可知她把Locke看作是上帝派来的天使，故选B项。‎ 第II卷 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Peter Tabichi, ____61____ math and science teacher who has worked to change life for students in a poor area in Kenya, has won the $l million Global Teacher Prize for 2019. Over 10,000 teachers from 179 different countries took part in the competition this year. Mr. Tabichi ____62____ (choose) from among the ten final teachers.‎ Mr. Tabichi works al Keriko Secondary School in Pwami Village, Kenya. The school is in a poor area ____63____ faces many challenges. The classes are huge - there are about 58 students for every teacher.‎ The school also does not have many ____64____ (teach) materials that are common in ____65____ schools. There is only one computer at the school, and the Internet connection is not very good. Still, Mr. Tabichi has been able to lead his students to great results. He has tried ____66____ (build) on things that the students are already interested in and good at. In the last three years, the number of students ____67____ (double), and yet there are far ____68____ (few) behavior problems than - 34 -‎ ‎ there were before Mr. Tabichi started.‎ He also helps the families of his students and the other people in the area. Once every three or four years, the area is hit by a serious drought. Mr. Tabichi has worked to teach the local people ____69____ to grow plants that can survive even when there isn’t much rain.‎ Mr. Tabichi said that if he won the ____70____ (compete), he would like to use the money to improve his school. He wants to help build u the science program. He hopes to buy more computers and get the school a better Internet connection.‎ ‎“To be a great teacher, you have to be very creative, you have to do more and talk less.” he says.‎ ‎【答案】61. a 62. was chosen ‎ ‎63. which/that ‎ ‎64. teaching ‎ ‎65. other / most ‎ ‎66. to build ‎ ‎67. has doubled ‎ ‎68. fewer 69. how ‎ ‎70. competition ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Peter Tabichi的事迹。Peter Tabichi是一个数学和科学教师，赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。他曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生和其他人的生活。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生生活的一个数学和科学教师Peter Tabichi赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。根据math and science teacher可知此处要用冠词a表示“一个”。故填a。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：来自179个国家的一万多名教师参加了今年的比赛。Tabichi先生是从决赛十位教师中挑选出来的。根据took part - 34 -‎ ‎ in可知此处时态是一般过去时，且主语Mr. Tabichi与choose之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填was chosen。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：这所学校位于一个面临许多挑战的贫困地区。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，定语从句缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。此处teaching是名词，意为“教学”，teaching materials教学资料。故填teaching。‎ ‎65题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。根据that are common可知此处可以用形容词other意为“其他的”或most意为“大多数”的修饰名词schools。故填other / most。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图以学生们已经感兴趣并擅长的事情为基础。固定短语try to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事。故填to build。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据In the last three years可知此处时态是现在完成时，且主语是the number of students可知谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has doubled。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查形容词的比较级。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据副词far可知此处要用形容词，再由than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Tabichi先生一直致力于教当地人如何种植即使在少雨的情况下也能存活的植物。根据谓语动词teach可知此处要用由how连接的宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：Tabichi先生说，如果他赢得了比赛，他想用这笔钱来改善他的学校。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词，且competition是不可数名词。故填competition。‎ - 34 -‎ ‎【点睛】第7小题考查了现在完成时的用法。现在完成时结构：have/has+过去分词。主要用法有：‎ ‎1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生”，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。例句：‎ He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。‎ Why haven’t I seen you all these months? 我怎么这么多月没看见你呢？‎ We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。‎ ‎2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。例句：‎ He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。‎ Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到现在为止，我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。‎ 第四部分 写作(共两节；满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(˄)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Lucy was used to live in my community. Her father went abroad and didn’t support her financial. My mother saw the situation and decided to help her out. She bought us a same lunch bags. When we left for school every morning, whichever was in my lunch - 34 -‎ ‎ bag was in her. After school, she will get a snack or dinner. Then one day, her father returned to pick her up live with him abroad. Years later, we saw a stranger standing at our gate and looking into. It was Lucy, who came back to show appreciations to my mother for what she has done for her.‎ ‎【答案】1. 去掉was used to中was ‎ ‎2.financial → financially ‎3.a → the ‎4.whichever → whatever ‎5.her → hers ‎6.will → would ‎7.在live前加to ‎8.into→ in ‎9.appreciations → appreciation ‎10.has → had ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的母亲在Lucy的父亲出国期间一直帮助照顾Lucy的生活，给她买和作者一样的午餐袋，每天带和作者一样的饭菜。后来Lucy被父亲接出国一起生活了，有一天，她回来感谢作者母亲为她所做的一切。‎ ‎【详解】1. 考查固定搭配。句意：Lucy过去住在我的社区。短语used to意为“过去常常，过去一直”，be used to意为“习惯于，被用来做”，根据live in my community可知此处表示过去一直居住在我的社区。故将was used to中was去掉 。‎ ‎2. 考查副词。句意：她父亲出国了，在经济上不支持她。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词didn’t support。故将financial改为financially。‎ ‎3. 考查冠词。句意：她给我们买了一样的午餐袋。根据形容词same可知此处要用the表示特指，the same“同样的”。故将a改为the。‎ ‎4. 考查主语从句的引导词。句意：每天早上我们去学校的时候，我午餐袋里装的无论什么东西，她的午餐袋里也是一样的。此处要用whatever引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”。故将whichever改为whatever。‎ ‎5. 考查代词。句意：根据in my lunch bag可知此处要用名词性物主代词hers，hers=her lunch - 34 -‎ ‎ bag，表示“她的午餐袋”。故将her改为hers。‎ ‎6. 考查时态。句意：放学后，她会吃点零食或晚饭。根据上文可知时态是一般过去时，因此此处情态动词要用would。故将will改为would。‎ ‎7. 考查不定式。句意：然后有一天，她的父亲回来接她和他一起住在国外。根据returned to pick her up可知此处要用不定式作目的状语，表示目的。故将在live前加to。‎ ‎8. 考查介词。句意：多年后，我们看到一个陌生人站在门口往里看。固定短语look into意为“调查”，look in意为“向里面看”，根据standing at our gate可知此处表示向里面看。故将into改为in。‎ ‎9. 考查名词的单复数。句意：是Lucy，她回来是为了感谢我母亲为她所做的一切。名词appreciation意为“感激，感谢”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将appreciations改为appreciation。‎ ‎10. 考查动词的时态。此处表示我母亲为她做的一切，动作已经在过去完成，因此要用过去完成时。故将has改为had。‎ ‎【点睛】第6小题考查了一般过去时的用法。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。‎ I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。‎ My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。‎ 一般过去时肯定句的基本结构：“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。‎ I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。‎ My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。‎ 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎72.假定你是李华，你在美国的笔友Tim给你来信表示他很担忧中国近期出现的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)所引起的疫情，并且想要了解更多相关信息，请你回复一封电子邮件。要求如下：‎ ‎1. 写出疫情的发展状况；‎ ‎2. 告知中国是如何应对此次疫情的；‎ ‎3. 安慰Tim并表达战胜疫情的信心。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于100词；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：病毒virus 流行病epidemic - 34 -‎ Dear Tim,‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Tim,‎ Having received your letter, I’m very moved and writing some information about the outbreak of COVID-19 in China.‎ First found in Huanan Seafood Market, the new virus spreads at a rapid speed, leading to a large-scale infection. Luckily, many positive measures have been taken to control it. Besides, experienced experts and medical workers volunteered to Wuhan. Meanwhile, three new hospitals were constructed specially to offer more beds for patients.‎ In brief, although the epidemic is serious, there is no need to panic as we’ll definitely beat the virus if we work hard together.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向Tim介绍中国出现的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)所引起的疫情的相关信息。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：第三人称为主；‎ 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时；‎ 结构：总-分-总法；‎ - 34 -‎ 要点：‎ ‎1. 写出疫情的发展状况；‎ ‎2. 告知中国是如何应对此次疫情的；‎ ‎3. 安慰Tim并表达战胜疫情的信心。‎ 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）‎ moved；outbreak；information；COVID-19；virus；epidemic；at a rapid speed；lead to；large-scale；infection；take measures；medical workers；in brief；there is no need to；panic；work hard等 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. Having received your letter, I’m very moved and writing some information about the outbreak of COVID-19 in China.‎ ‎2. First found in Huanan Seafood Market, the new virus spreads at a rapid speed, leading to a large-scale infection.‎ ‎3. Many positive measures have been taken to control it.‎ ‎4. Experienced experts and medical workers volunteered to Wuhan.‎ ‎5. Three new hospitals were constructed specially to offer more beds for patients.‎ ‎6. Although the epidemic is serious, there is no need to panic as we’ll definitely beat the virus if we work hard together.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表并列补充关系：Besides；Meanwhile；In brief；and；‎ ‎2.表转折对比关系：although+clause(从句)；‎ ‎3.表因果关系：as；if；‎ ‎4.表文章结构顺序：First等 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Having received your letter, I’m very moved and writing some information about the outbreak of COVID-19 in China.使用了现在分词作原因状语；First found in Huanan Seafood Market, the new virus spreads at - 34 -‎ ‎ a rapid speed, leading to a large-scale infection.使用了现在分词作结果状语；three new hospitals were constructed specially to offer more beds for patients.使用了不定式作目的状语；although the epidemic is serious, there is no need to panic as we’ll definitely beat the virus if we work hard together.使用了由although引导的让步状语从句和由if引导的条件句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：at a rapid speed；lead to；take measures；in brief；there is no need to；work hard等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎ - 34 -‎ - 34 -‎