2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero单元学案（31页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero单元学案（31页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit 5Nelson Mandela—a modern hero单元学案 Period 1　新知预习课 识记词汇 ‎1.Match the words and phrases.‎ A.words(词汇连线)‎ ‎1)sentence ‎2)relative ‎3)blanket ‎4)equal ‎5)vote ‎6)legal ‎7)lawyer ‎8)found ‎9)generous ‎10)active ‎1)平等的;相等的 ‎2)投票(决定);选举 ‎3)判决 ‎4)活跃的 ‎5)律师 ‎6)慷慨的 ‎7)毯子 ‎8)亲戚 ‎9)合法的 ‎10)建立 B. phrases(短语连线)‎ ‎1)求助于 ‎2)被判处 ‎3)失业 ‎4)建立 ‎5)丧失信心 ‎1)be sentenced to ‎2)set up ‎3)lose heart ‎4)turn to ‎5)out of work ‎2.根据释义写出单词。‎ ‎1)　　　 help and advice given to someone ‎ ‎2)　　　 showing great love for sb.or sth. ‎ ‎3)　　　 unkind;ungenerous ‎ ‎4)　　　 a time or state that sth.reaches as it grows ‎ ‎5)　　　 basic general truth ‎ ‎6)　　　 period of being young ‎ ‎7)　　　 group of people organized for a special purpose ‎ ‎8)　　　 a thing that is part of a person’s character,esp.sth.good ‎ ‎9)　　　 violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill sb. ‎ ‎10)　　　 use violence to try to hurt or kill sb. ‎ 精讲词汇 ‎1.devote vt.献身,专心于 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)She 　　　　　　　　　　 her children. ‎ 她深爱着她的孩子。‎ ‎2)We should 　　　 all our efforts 　　　 our work. ‎ 我们应该全身心地工作。‎ ‎3)He 　　　　　　　　 his job. ‎ 他致力于他的工作。‎ ‎4)Her life 　　　　　　　　 caring for the sick and needy. ‎ 她的一生都致力于照顾病人和穷人。‎ devote oneself/one’s energy/one’s time to (doing)sth. ‎ be devoted to (doing)sth. ‎ ‎2.equal adj.相同的;平等的 vt.等于,比得上 n.同等/相等的人或物 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)He asked us to cut the apple into three 　　　 pieces.他让我们把苹果切成三等份。 ‎ ‎2)None of us can 　　　 her in intelligence.我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。 ‎ ‎3)　　　 you 　　　　　　　 the work? 你能胜任这项工作吗? ‎ ‎4)Yao Ming is a basketball player 　　　 in China.在中国,姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。 ‎ be equal to sth./doing sth. ‎ without equal  ‎ have no equal  ‎ ‎3.reward n.报答;酬金vt.酬谢,奖赏 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1)It’s 　　　　　　 virtue.那是对美德的回报。 ‎ ‎2)It is unfair that he gets very little 　　　　　　 his hard work.他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。 ‎ ‎3)How can I 　　　 your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢? ‎ ‎4)Jim 　　　 the boy 　　　 a pound 　　　 bringing back the lost dog. ‎ Jim gave the boy a pound 　　　　　　　　 bringing back his lost dog. ‎ 男孩把吉姆丢失的狗带了回来,为此吉姆奖赏给他一英镑。 ‎ as a reward (for) ‎ in reward for  ‎ reward sb.(with ...)for ...  ‎ ‎4.escape v. 逃脱;逃走;避开 ‎【完成句子】‎ ‎1) She managed to 　　　　　　 the burning car.她终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。 ‎ ‎2) He was lucky to 　　　 punishment/being punished.他逃脱了惩罚真是幸运。 ‎ ‎3) The bird 　　　　　　　　　　.这只小鸟差一点被击中。 ‎ escape from...  ‎ escape death/punishment  ‎ narrowly escape being done  ‎ ‎ ‎ 运用词汇 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Nelson Mandela was regarded as one of the best l of the black people.‎ ‎2.I think you must solve your problem in a p　　　　 way.Fighting can’t solve any problem. ‎ ‎3.You must try to improve the q　　　　 of all your products. ‎ ‎4.Nobody forced me to do it;I was w　　　　 to do it. ‎ ‎5.The actress is in poor health and has to leave the s　　　　 soon. ‎ ‎6.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which showed her　　　　 (残忍). ‎ ‎7.You must be　　　　 (积极的)in all kinds of sports to keep healthy. ‎ ‎8.He managed to 　　　　(逃离)from prison. ‎ ‎9.Don’t you think fighting is a serious act of　　　　 (暴力)? ‎ ‎10.Since he was better　　　　 (受过教育的),he got a job in an office. ‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1.She is having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to 　　　. ‎ ‎　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　‎ A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about ‎2.Fitness is important in sport, but of at least 　　　 importance are skills. ‎ A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper ‎3.For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll 　　　 my own business someday. ‎ A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up ‎4.Her son, to whom she was so　　　, went abroad ten years ago. ‎ A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected ‎5.Yesterday we　　　 Mr. Zhang the best teacher in our school. ‎ A. shouted B. refused C. agreed D. voted ‎6.I don’t think he is equal 　　　 this kind of work, so I can’t hire him. ‎ A.in doing B. doing C.to do D.to doing ‎7.Mike often attempts to escape 　　　 whenever he breaks traffic regulations. ‎ A. having been fined B.to have been fined C.to be fined D. being fined ‎8.Tom’s father made a promise that he would give him a(n)　　　if he passed the college entrance examination. ‎ A. award B. prize C. reward D. profit ‎9.Most of the audience had a high 　　　 of the performance of our footballers in the match against Iran. ‎ A. idea B. sense C. opinion D. thought ‎10.Mike,I really appreciate your 　　　,without which I would have failed the interview. ‎ A. view B. mind C. opinion D. advice Ⅲ.短文填空 What 　　　 (品质)does a great person have? Take Nelson Mandela for an example.He fought for black people and 　　　 (被关进)prison for almost thirty years.He never 　　　(丧失信心)when he was 　　　(有困难).He gave up a rich life as a 　　　 (律师)and offered 　　　(指导)to poor black people on their 　　　 ‎ ‎(法律的)problems. In the beginning, he and his 　　　(同盟)fought for his ideas and country in a 　　　(和平的)way. Mandela was also 　　　(乐意的)to help others in need. He helped a man called Elias who would become 　　　(失业)without his help. In Robbern Island prison from which no one could 　　　(逃脱),Mr. Mandela ran a school for those who had little learning. Since they were better 　　　(受教育的),many of them got a job working in an office after they were set free. In 1994 ANC which was 　　　(建立)by Mandela 　　　(掌权).It was a 　　　 (回报)for his lasting and selfless struggle all his life. ‎ 参考答案 识记词汇 ‎2.1)guidance　2)devoted　3)mean/selfish　4)stage　5)principle　6)youth　7)league ‎8)quality　9)violence　10)attack 精讲词汇 ‎1.1)is devoted to　2)devote; to　3)is devoted to　4)is devoted to 奉献自己/精力/时间于某事;致力于某事/深爱着……‎ ‎2.1)equal　2)equal　3)Are; equal to (doing)　4)without equal 胜任某事/ 做某事;无与伦比/无敌;无与伦比/无敌 ‎3.1)a reward for　2)in reward for　3)reward　4)rewarded; with; for; as a reward for ‎ 作为……的报酬(或奖赏);为酬答……;作为……的奖励;为某事(而以……)报答……‎ ‎4.1)escape from　2)escape　3)narrowly escaped being shot 从……逃走;死里逃生/逃避惩罚;差一点被……‎ 运用词汇 Ⅰ.1.lawyers　2.peaceful　3.quality　4.willing　5.stage　6.cruelty　7.active　8.escape　9.violence　10.educated Ⅱ.1~5.ACCCD　6~10.DDCCD Ⅲ. quality; thrown into; lost heart; in trouble; lawyer; guidance; legal; colleagues; peaceful; willing; out of work; escape; educated; founded; came to power; reward Period 2　文本研读课 ‎ ‎ 自主预习 A great person is someone who devotes his /her life to helping others. Read the information about the famous people on page 33 and discuss if they were/ are great men.Give your reasons.‎ 思考导引 ‎ ‎ 钟声响起归家的讯号 在他生命里 仿佛带点唏嘘 黑色肌肤给他的意义 是一生奉献肤色斗争中 年月把拥有变做失去 疲倦的双眼带着期望 今天只有残留的躯壳 迎接光辉岁月 风雨中抱紧自由 一生经过彷徨的挣扎 自信可改变未来 Can you guess who this song is about? ‎ 课堂探究 ‎1. Skimming A. Read the passage fast,and find out the relationship between Mandela and Elias.‎ What’s the relationship between them?‎ A. Strangers.　　　　　　　　　B. Helper and supporter.‎ C. Father and son. D. Teacher and student.‎ B. Read the passage fast again and decide whether these statements are true or false.‎ ‎1) Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(　　)‎ ‎2) Elias left school because the school was too far from his home.(　　)‎ ‎3) Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.(　　)‎ ‎4) Elias trusted Mandela and he joined the ANC Youth League.(　　)‎ ‎5) Elias was willing to blow up some government buildings.(　　)‎ ‎6) Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.(　　)‎ ‎2. Scanning A. Read through Para.1 carefully and then complete the chart.‎ ‎ Job Time What How Elias ‎ Nelson Mandela ‎ B. Read through Para.2 carefully and answer the two questions:‎ ‎1) Why did Elias leave school so early?‎ A. Because he was a black man.‎ B. Because he didn’t study hard when he was in school.‎ C. Because his school was too far to go.‎ D. Because his family could not afford the school fees and the bus fare.‎ ‎2) What problem did Elias have to keep his job?‎ C. Read through Para graphs 3~5 carefully and answer the following questions:‎ ‎1) How did Nelson Mandela help Elias? ‎ Mandela told him how to get 　　　 so that he could stay in Johannesburg and therefore he became more 　　　 about his future. ‎ ‎2)How did Elias support Mandela?‎ He joined 　　　　　　　　　　. ‎ He helped Mandela　　　 　　　 some government buildings. ‎ ‎3)What problems did the black people like Elias have at that time?‎ They could not 　　　　　 . ‎ They couldn’t get 　　　　　　 they wanted. ‎ They had to live in 　　　　　　. ‎ ‎4)Why did Elias support violence when he did not like it?‎ Because he knew it would help　. ‎ D.A timeline of Elias’ life A timeline of Elias’ life ‎1940　　　　 ‎ ‎1946　　　　 ‎ ‎1948　　　　 ‎ ‎1952　　　　 ‎ ‎1963　　　　 ‎ ‎3.Consolidation About Elias 1)He was only in school for　　　years and left school because his family couldn’t continue to pay　　　　　　 and 　　　　　　. ‎ ‎ 2)He didn’t have a(n)　　　 in Johannesburg and was afraid of 　　　 his job. ‎ ‎ 3)He　　　 Mandela for help and later joined the 　　　. ‎ ‎ 4)He helped Mandela to 　　　 some government 　　　 to help achieve their dream. ‎ About Nelson Mandela 5)He used to be a(n)　　　who gave help to 　　　 on their　　　. ‎ ‎ 6)He set up the ANC Youth League and called on the black to fight for equal rights in a 　　　 way.Only when this was not allowed did they decide to answer　　　　　　. ‎ About the black 7)They had almost no 　　　 at all. ‎ ‎ 8)They couldn’t　　　 or choose　　　. ‎ ‎ 9)They could not get 　　　they wanted and were sent to live in 　　　 of South Africa. ‎ 课后提升 ‎1.句型转换 It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.‎ It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer　. ‎ 句意: ‎ 译: 曼德拉是唯一我可以求助的人。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.‎ 句意: ‎ ‎1)be generous with　 ‎ 译:他花钱很大方。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)be grateful (to sb.)for sth.　　 ‎ 对您给予的礼物,我们不胜感激。‎ We 　　　　　　　　 your gifts. ‎ ‎3)for which I was grateful which指的是 ‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎(1)(2013•安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, 　　　 made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.it B. that C. what D. which ‎(2)(2007•辽宁高考)Eric received training in computer for one year,　　　 he found a job in a big company. ‎ A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this ‎3.When this was not allowed, ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ 而当这种方式也得不到允许时,……直到那时, 我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ ‎★本句中的only then置于句首,引起的句子要用　　　　　　形式。 ‎ 该句的正常语序是:...we decided to answer violence with violence only then。‎ 在英语句子中,为了表强调,把“only+状语(副词、介词短语、从句)”置于句首,主句要用部分倒装形式,即把原句中的　　　、　　　或　　　提到主语前面。 ‎ 完成句子 ‎1)Only with all your time and energy 　　　 do this job well. ‎ 只有用上你全部的时间和精力,你才能把这项工作做好。‎ ‎2)Only when he is seriously ill 　　　 in bed. ‎ 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。‎ ‎3)Only recently 　　　 thought of them. ‎ 只是最近我才想起他们。‎ ‎4)Only in this way 　　　 to make improvement in the education system. ‎ A. you can hope B. you did hope C. did you hope D. can you hope 参考答案 ‎ 课堂探究 ‎1.Skimming:A.B　B.1)T　2)F　3)T　4)T　5)F　6)F ‎2.Scanning: A. a black worker; a black lawyer; in 1952;went for advice; offered guidance on legal problems; be grateful for; be generous with B.1)D　2)He had to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. But he didn’t have it because he was not born there. Therefore, he worried about whether he would become out of work.‎ C.1)the correct papers; hopeful　2)the ANC Youth League; blow up　3)vote; the jobs; the poorest parts　4)achieve their dream of making black and white people equal ‎ D. Elias was born.; Elias began school.; Elias left school.; Elias was 12 and met Mandela.; Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.‎ ‎3.Consolidation:1)two; the school fees; the bus fare;2)passbook to live;losing;3)turned to; ANC Youth League;4)blow up;buildings;5)black lawyer; poor black people; legal problems;6)peaceful; violence with violence;7)rights;8)vote; their ‎ leaders;9)the jobs; the poorest areas 课后提升 ‎1.whom/who/that I went to for advice 那是在1952年,曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。‎ Mandela was the only person to whom I could turn for help./Mandela was the only person whom/who/that I could turn to for help.‎ ‎2.他十分慷慨地给予我时间,我为此非常感激。‎ ‎1)对……大方,慷慨;He is generous with his money.‎ ‎2)因某事对某人心存感激;are grateful to you for ‎ ‎3)he was generous with his time　(1)D　(2)B ‎3.部分倒装;助动词;be动词;情态动词 ‎1)can you　2)will he stay　3)have I　4)D Period 3　知识讲练课 ‎ ‎ Step 1　Phrases ‎1.As a matter of fact,I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事实上,我并不喜欢暴力,……但是在1963年的时候,我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)My father blew up when I didn’t come home last night.我昨晚没回家,父亲大发雷霆。‎ ‎2)Stop at the gas station and we’ll blow up the tyres.在加油站停一下,我们要给轮胎打气。‎ ‎ blow up vi. 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ vt. 　　　　　　 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ Complete the following sentences.‎ ‎1)A police officer was killed when his car 　　　. ‎ ‎2)I have to stop at the gas station to 　　　 my front tyres. ‎ ‎3)I really 　　　 when I learned my son lied to me. ‎ ‎2.Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.遇到困难时,伊莱亚斯去找曼德拉。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Please telephone us when you are in trouble.‎ 遇到困难时就给我们打电话。‎ ‎2)We had no trouble (in) finding his office. ‎ 我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。‎ ‎3)He took the trouble to show me the way to the station.‎ 他不嫌麻烦地为我指出了去火车站的路。‎ ‎4) He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving.‎ 他费心为我们打听到了我们乘坐的火车的发车时间。‎ ‎5)I don’t like giving trouble to people I don’t know.‎ 我不愿意给我不认识的人添麻烦。‎ ‎ in trouble 　　 ‎ have trouble (in)doing sth.　　 ‎ take (the)trouble to do sth.在这一结构中,其中的冠词用不用均可,但含义稍有不同:用冠词,表示　　　;不用冠词,表示　　　。 ‎ go to (the)trouble to do/of doing sth.　　 ‎ give trouble to sb.　　 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ Complete the following sentences.‎ ‎1)He never comes except when he is　　　 (有麻烦). ‎ ‎2)The teacher 　　　 (费尽心血)explain the difficult question to us. ‎ ‎3)The boy is 　　　(有困难)getting along with his stepmother. ‎ ‎3.Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 曼德拉为什么付诸于武力去实现使黑人白人平等的理想?‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Nobody will turn against his country.没有人会背叛自己的国家。‎ ‎2)Please turn down the television.请把电视机的音量调小点儿。‎ ‎3)He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。‎ ‎4)The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman.那个孩子捡到了一个钱包,然后把它交给了警察。‎ ‎5)The farmers are turning waste land into rich fields.农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田地。‎ ‎6)Don’t forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed.在你上床之前,不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。‎ ‎7)The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.当电话铃响的时候,那个人翻了个身,又睡着了。‎ ‎ turn to 　　 ‎ turn against 　　 ‎ turn down 　　 ‎ turn in 　　 ‎ turn ...into ...　　 ‎ turn off 　　 ‎ turn on 　　 ‎ turn over 　　 ‎ in turn 　　 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)In the new city there wasn’t a single person　　　 the poor boy could turn for help. ‎ A. that　　　　　　‎ B. who C. from whom ‎ D.to whom ‎2)用适当介词填空。‎ ‎(1)Nothing could make the brave man turn 　　　 his motherland. ‎ ‎(2)Don’t rush. Please wait in line and get on the bus 　　　 turn. ‎ ‎(3)He asked his teacher to give him the chance once more but his teacher turned him 　　　. ‎ ‎(4)Be sure to turn the lights 　　　 when you leave the classroom. ‎ ‎4.The scientist from whom I learned a lot never lose heart when he was in trouble.给了我很多启发的科学家在有困难时从不会丧失信心。‎ ‎【观察思考】 ‎ ‎1)He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart.他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。‎ ‎2)He lost his heart to her the first time he saw her.他第一次见到她就爱上了她。‎ ‎ lose heart 　　 ‎ lose one’s heart to sb.= 　　　, 意为:　　　 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)不要失去信心,一切都会好起来的。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2)她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。‎ ‎ ‎ Step 2　Sentence structures we are going to learn ‎1.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)The city has seen many changes.城市历经了许多变化。‎ ‎2)The following year saw the death of both his sisters.第二年他的两个姊妹都死了。‎ ‎3)They came to the corner which had seen many accidents.他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。‎ ‎ see, find, witness等词的主语可用　　　作,以拟人手法增添语言色彩,see可译为“　　　”。 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ The year 1949 　　　 the founding of the People’s Republic of China. ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　‎ A. saw B. watched C. observed D. noticed ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)At that time we had reached a stage where we had more black readers than white ones.那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。‎ ‎2)Increasing poverty has led to a situation where the poorest openly admit that they cannot afford to have children.日益严重的贫困处境使得最为贫穷的人们只得公开承认他们养不起孩子。‎ ‎3)He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control of the plane.他使自己陷入可能对飞机失去控制的危险境地。‎ ‎ 在定语从句中,当先行词是stage, point, spot, position, situation, case, method等,并且它们在从句中充当状语时,引导词用　　　或　　　. ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)I think you’ve got to the point 　　　 a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fall. ‎ A. when B. that C. where D. which ‎2)I can think of many cases 　　　 students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but can’t write a good essay. ‎ A. why B. which C.as D. where ‎3)We’re just trying to reach a point 　　　 both sides will sit down together and talk. ‎ A. where B. that C. when D. which ‎2....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ ‎【观察思考】‎ ‎1)Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。 ‎ ‎2)Only when he came back did I go to bed.当他回来的时候,我才上床睡觉。‎ ‎3)Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。‎ ‎4)Only recently have I thought of them.直到最近我才想起他们。‎ ‎ only 修饰状语(副词,介词短语,从句等)放在句首时,主句要用　　　。 ‎ ‎【尝试运用】‎ ‎1)I failed in the final examination last term and only then 　　　 the importance of studies. ‎ A.I realized B.I had realized C. have I realized D. did I realize ‎2)翻译以下句子。‎ ‎(1)只有战争结束时他才能够回到家里。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3)只有当他回来时我们才能知道秘密。‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ Step 1‎ ‎1.【归纳总结】爆炸,大发雷霆;炸毁,给……充气 ‎【尝试运用】1)blew up　2)blow up　3)blew up ‎2.【归纳总结】处于困境中;做某事有困难;不怕费事或不怕麻烦做某事;尽心尽力或费尽心血做某事;不辞辛劳做某事/费心做某事;麻烦某人,打扰某人 ‎【尝试运用】1)in trouble　2)took trouble to　3)having trouble ‎3.【归纳总结】求助于;背叛;(音量)关小,拒绝;上交;(使……)成为……;关掉(水源、 煤气、 电灯等);打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等);(使)打翻/翻身/翻动;轮流 ‎【尝试运用】 1)D　2)(1)against　(2)in　(3)down　(4)off ‎4.【归纳总结】丧失信心;fall in love with sb爱上某人 ‎【尝试运用】 1)Don’t lose heart,all will turn out fine.‎ ‎2)She lost her heart to a young soldier.‎ Step 2‎ ‎1.【归纳总结】 时间或地点名词;(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受 ‎【尝试运用】A ‎【归纳总结】where;介词+which ‎【尝试运用】1)C　2)D　3)A ‎2.【归纳总结】部分倒装 ‎【尝试运用】1)D ‎2)(1)Only when the war was over was he able to return home.‎ ‎(2)Only in this way can you solve the problem.‎ ‎(3)Only when he comes back can we know the secret.‎ Period 4　语法专题课 Attributive Clause (Ⅱ)‎ The (where, when, why, prep+which/whom ‎ ‎ 感受新知 Ⅰ.找出下列句子的先行词和关系副词。‎ ‎1.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.‎ ‎2.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.‎ ‎3.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.‎ ‎4.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.‎ Ⅱ.Conclusion of the rules 关系副词或介 词+关系代词 表示 在从句中充当的成分 When　/in /during...+which ‎ Where　/at +which ‎ Why　　　+which ‎ Ⅲ.Consolidation ‎1.Fill in the blanks.‎ I recently went to the town 　　　 I was born. The reason 　　　Jack didn’t come was that he missed the train. I will never forget the time 　　　we had fun with each other in the town. ‎ ‎2.A Game. ‎ Making sentences according to the words and phrases on the paper using “when, where, why”.‎ Beijing, Olympic Games;‎ October 1, 1949,the People’s Republic of China;‎ ‎×× high school, study;‎ absent, sick; April Fool’s Day, play jokes on ...‎ e.g. Beijing is a beautiful city where the Olympic Games took place in 2008.‎ 拓展 Ⅰ.Read these sentences. Pay special attention to the prepositions and relative pronouns.‎ ‎1. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.‎ ‎2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.‎ ‎3. He was the man on whom you can depend.‎ ‎4. This is the factory in which he works.‎ ‎5. He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.‎ ‎= He has written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.‎ ‎6. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎7. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.‎ ‎8.The way /that/in which(省略) you talked to your teacher was impolite.‎ Conclusion:‎ 1. sentences (1)(2)(3)(4)(5):‎ 介词+关系代词(　　　指物/　　　指人) ‎ 如何选择介词:‎ 根据句意 根据与从句中　　　或形容词搭配。 ‎ 根据先行词 表所属关系时用介词　　　。 ‎ ‎2.sentences (6)(7):表示抽象空间概念的名词作先行词。‎ 如　　　,　　　,case, situation后常用where或　　　. ‎ ‎3.sentences(8):the way 作先行词时,表示“……的方式/方法”,在从句中作状语,引导词常用　　　,　　　或省略。 ‎ Ⅱ.Consolidation.‎ A. Fill in the blanks, using prepositions plus relative pronouns.‎ ‎1.We are looking for the person　　　 the wallet belongs. ‎ ‎2.18 is the youngest age 　　　a person can be employed. ‎ ‎3.He referred me to some books 　　　I am not very familiar. ‎ ‎4.I visited a scientist the name 　　　is John Smith. ‎ ‎5.I like the way　　　 you’ve done your hair. ‎ ‎6.It’s helpful to put children in a situation 　　　 they can see themselves differently. ‎ B. Choose the correct answer.‎ ‎1. from which/on which/for which/about which Do you like the book 　　　 she spent $10? ‎ Do you like the book 　　　 she paid $10? ‎ Do you like the book 　　　 she learned a lot? ‎ Do you like the book 　　　 she often talks? ‎ ‎2.of which/on which/for which/in which This is the school 　　　I studied for 3 years. ‎ I will never forget the day 　　　my father bought me a cell phone. ‎ I agree with the idea 　　　you approve. ‎ Please give me the reason 　　　you were late again. ‎ C. Which one to choose?‎ ‎1.when/which She will remember the days　　　 they lived in Beijing. ‎ She will remember the days 　　　they spent in Beijing. ‎ ‎2.where/which This is the factory 　　　I visited last year. ‎ This is the factory 　　　I worked last year. ‎ ‎3.which/that We first broke the law in a way 　　　was peaceful. ‎ I don’t like the way 　　　 you spoke to your mother. ‎ Tips:看关系词在从句中充当什么成分。‎ 巩固运用 Ⅰ.Combine the sentences.‎ 1. The scientist went abroad last year. My father once worked with him in Beijing.‎ ‎ ‎ 2. I will show you to a shop. You can buy what you need there.‎ ‎ ‎ 3. I am going to town on Friday. I will meet my uncle on Friday.‎ ‎ ‎ 4. He refused to tell me the reason. He quarreled with Jack this afternoon for this reason.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.Multiple choice.‎ ‎1.—Is that the reason 　　　 you refused the plan? ‎ ‎—That is true.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A. what B. which C. for that D. why ‎2.There was not any person in the dark street at that time 　　　 she could turn for help. ‎ A. when B.in which C. whom D.to whom ‎3.Tom,I think we’d better bring a map　　　 we will lose our way. ‎ A. which B. without which C. that D. of which ‎4.The gentleman 　　　 you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. ‎ A. who B. whom C. about whom D. with whom ‎5.The prize will go to the writer the story　　　 shows the most imagination. ‎ A.in which B.at which C. of whom D. for whom ‎6.It was in Beihai Park 　　　 they met each other for the first time 　　　 the old couple told us their love story. ‎ A. that; that B. where; when C. that; when D. where; that ‎7.This is the book I bought yesterday,　　　 I spent 8 yuan. ‎ A. on which B. for which C.in which D.at which ‎8.I don’t like the way 　　　 he spoke to me. ‎ A.by that B. what C.by which D./‎ ‎9.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,　　　 was very high. ‎ A. which price B. the price of which C .its price D. the price of whose Ⅲ.Translate the short passage. After that, try to write one about a dream, a family, a teacher, etc using some attributive clauses.‎ A friend A friend is not just someone to whom you say “Hello”. A friend is a shoulder on which you can cry on. A friend is a well into which you can pour all your troubles down. A friend is a hand which pulls you up from darkness. A true friend is a voice which keeps your name alive. But most of all a friend is a heart from which comes the greatest love.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ 感受新知 Ⅱ.‎ 关系副词或介 词+关系代词 表示 在从句中充当的成分 when on/in /during...+which 时间 状语 where in/at +which 地点 状语 why for+which 原因 状语 Ⅲ.1.in which (where);for which (why);in which (when)‎ 拓展 Ⅰ.1.which;whom;动词;of　2.stage;position;in which　3.in which that Ⅱ.A.1.to whom　2.at which　3.with which　4.of whom　5.in which　6.in which B.1.on which; for which; from which; about which ‎ ‎2.in which; on which; of which; for which C.1.when;which　2.which;where　3.which;that ‎ 巩固运用 Ⅰ.1.The scientist with whom my father once worked in Beijing went abroad last year.‎ ‎2.I will show you to a shop where you can buy what you need.‎ ‎3.I am going to town on Friday when I will meet my uncle.‎ ‎4.He refused to tell me the reason for which he quarreled with Jack this afternoon.‎ Ⅱ.1~5.DDBCC　6~9.DADB Ⅲ.朋友,不仅仅是一个见了面说声“你好”的人。朋友,是你能依偎着轻轻哭泣的肩膀。朋友,是容纳你所有烦恼的一口深井。朋友,是把你从黑暗中救出来的一只手。真正的朋友是一个永远回荡着你的名字的声音。最重要的是,朋友是一颗心,让我们拥有伟大的爱。‎ 高考试题链接 第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎21．The air quality in the city， is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.‎ A．that B．it C．as D．what 答案　C 解析　句意为：正如报告中所显示的，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月已经得到了改善。分析句子结构可知，两个逗号之间的部分为非限制性定语从句。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句；it和what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选C项。‎ ‎22．In order to a good knowledge of French，he gave up his job and went to study in a French school.‎ A．require B．inquire C．acquire D．address 答案　C 解析　句意为：为了精通法语，他辞去了工作，去一所法语学校学习。require需要，要求；inquire询问，打听；address邮寄；acquire a good knowledge of精通，学好……。‎ ‎23．—Do you know if the new CEO is willing to meet the director this afternoon?‎ ‎— ，does it？(2018•无锡模拟)‎ A．It takes no time ‎ B．It counts for nothing C．It doesn’t hurt to ask D．It doesn’t make sense 答案　C 解析　句意为：——你知道新来的CEO是否愿意今天下午见见主任吗？——问问也无妨，是不是？It takes no time不花时间；It counts for nothing毫无价值；It doesn’t hurt to ask问问也无妨；It doesn’t make sense没有意义。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎24．—You are not allowed to keep the magazine too long.‎ ‎—Don’t worry.I just want to it for some pictures.‎ A．refer to B．prefer to C．look up D．look into 答案　A 解析　句意为：——你不能借这本杂志太长时间。——别担心，我只是想查阅一些图片。如果选C项，则应用look up some pictures in it。refer to查阅；prefer to更喜欢，宁愿；look up查阅；look into调查。由句意知A项正确。‎ ‎25． speed and flexibility，China’s antiship missile CM302 also has a greater destructive power than others in the market.‎ A．On the contrary to B．Apart from C．On behalf of D．Little more than 答案　B 解析　句意为：除了速度和灵活性，中国的反舰导弹CM302比起市场上其他导弹更具有杀伤力。on the contrary to与……相反；apart from除……之外，且不说；on behalf of代表，为了；little more than仅仅是。‎ ‎26．Without your help，I the first prize in the English Speaking Contest.‎ ‎(2018•天津部分区高三质量调查)‎ A．won’t get B．didn’t get C．wouldn’t get D．wouldn’t have got 答案　D 解析　句意为：没有你的帮助，在英语演讲比赛中我就不会得第一名。Without your help为含蓄虚拟语气，此处表示与过去的事实相反，故答案为D。‎ ‎27．John has got a fever these days，and he says he doesn’t want to see a doctor，but I’m afraid he has no .‎ A．alternative B．extra C．treatment D．possibility 答案　A 解析　句意为：这几天约翰发烧了，他说他不想去看医生，但我担心他别无选择。alternative二者选一，可供选择的事物；extra额外的事物；treatment 对待；possibility可能性。故选A。‎ ‎28．The movie she saw last night her of her school days in the countryside 30 years ago.‎ A．remembered B．reminded C．remained D．told 答案　B 解析　句意为：她昨晚看的电影使她想起了30年前在农村上学的日子。remind sb.of...让某人想起……，提醒某人……。‎ ‎29．Topping the list of films during the coming Spring Festival season is an action comedy staring Kung Fu master Jackie Chan.‎ A．worth to see B．worthy to be seen C．worthwhile seeing D．worthy of seeing 答案　B 解析　be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义，排除A项；worthy用于be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done的结构；worthwhile常用于It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth.。因此选B项。‎ ‎30．I was telling a joke and Sam just interrupted me to tell a different one.He always ！‎ ‎(2019•南京、盐城一模)‎ A．bites his tongue B．saves his skin C．steals my thunder D．pulls my leg 答案　C 解析　句意为：我正在讲笑话，山姆却打断了我，他自己讲了另一个。他总是抢走我的风头！bite one’s tongue强忍着不说出自己的想法或感觉；save one’s skin免受伤害、损失、惩罚等；steal one’s thunder抢某人的风头；pull one’s leg开某人玩笑。根据句意可知选C。‎ 第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ What do you think of Bill Gates？You might think of him as a hardworking 31 of Microsoft or a technological genius， 32 one thing you might not know about him is that he’s one of the world’s 33 men who left Microsoft to donate billions of dollars and 34 the world by creating new inventions.‎ In 2014 Bill Gates’ wife，Melinda Gates， 35 Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates 36 the Bottom Two Billion. The Bottom Two Billion 37 a third of the world’s population that live with less than 2 dollars a day. These people 38 live in areas where electricity is rare and disease is far and wide.‎ One of the 39 to diseases are vaccines(疫苗)，which help the body get over the disease. A problem 40 with vaccines because they need to be kept 41 to remain functional. When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators 42 .One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the “Super Thermos”．It’s a strong heatresistant thermos 43 from the same material spaceships use to meet the 44 .This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.‎ Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is 45 .From the 1960s to 1980s，there was an agricultural revolution，which has 46 a lot of new ways to produce crops faster. This meant that the world thought the food 47 problem in Africa was gone but this was 48 the case. The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one，discuss their unique 49 ，and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the 50 soil in that area. Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.‎ 语篇解读　我们熟知的世界首富比尔•盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者，他还为世界慈善事业做出了很大的贡献，为世界上需要帮助的人们带来了希望。‎ ‎31．A. officer B．official C．millionaire D．founder 答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人，所以此处用founder。‎ ‎32．A.so B．and C．but D．or 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，大家都熟知比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人，但有一点并不是所有的人都知道。上下文之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用but。‎ ‎33．A. richest B．busiest C．kindest D．hardest 答案　A 解析　结合生活常识和空后的内容可知，比尔•盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一，他离开了微软公司，去做慈善。‎ ‎34．A. watching B．helping C．missing D．visiting 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“by creating new inventions”可知，比尔•盖茨是通过创造新的发明而“帮助”世界的。‎ ‎35．A. permitted B．forced C．persuaded D．required 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“quit Microsoft and work with her”和下文中的行动可推知，比尔•盖茨的妻子说服(persuade)了他与自己一起做慈善。‎ ‎36．A. sells B．plans C．designs D．calls 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指被比尔•盖茨称作Bottom Two Billion的事物，故用call。‎ ‎37．A. consists of B．thinks of C．accuses of D．complains of 答案　A 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指Bottom Two Billion的构成部分。consist of...“由……构成”。‎ ‎38．A. probably B．originally C．recently D．mainly 答案　D 解析　联系上下文的意思可知，此处指这部分人主要(mainly)居住在电力稀缺、疾病横行的地方。‎ ‎39．A. medicines B．efforts C．solutions D．secrets 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“help the body get over the disease”可推知，这里指的是解决疾病的方法，故用solution。‎ ‎40．A. disappears B．appears C．discovers D．covers 答案　B 解析　根据下一句中的“When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators .”可推知，伴随疫苗出现(appear)了一个难题。‎ ‎41．A. cold B．warm C．safe D．firm 答案　A 解析　根据下文出现的refrigerators和本段最后一句中的“keep vaccines cold for 50 days”可推知，疫苗必须在低温下保存，故选cold。‎ ‎42．A. racing B．flying C．running D．resting 答案　C 解析　根据空前的内容可知，当电力稀缺时，冰箱很难正常运转，故选running。‎ ‎43．A. separated B．made C．recovered D．resulted 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“from the same material spaceships use”可知，这种特殊的保温瓶选用与制造宇宙飞船相同的材料做成的，故用make。‎ ‎44．A. requirements B．satisfactions C．opportunities D．deadlines 答案　A 解析　根据疫苗的保存要求可知，“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满足疫苗的保存要求(requirement)。‎ ‎45．A. science B．education C．industry D．agriculture 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的农业方面的变革可知，此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。‎ ‎46．A. delayed B．introduced C．imagined D．recorded 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“a lot of new ways to produce crops faster”可知，这里指农业方面的变革引进(introduce)了许多快速生产粮食的新方法。‎ ‎47．A. supply B．health C．quality D．cleanness 答案　A 解析　根据上一句可推知，农业变革引进了增产粮食的新方法，这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应”问题已经解决了。‎ ‎48．A. constantly B．generally C．hardly D．actually 答案　C 解析　联系空前的but表示的转折意义可推知，人们以为粮食供应问题已经得到了解决，但事实上并非如此。这里用hardly表示否定。‎ ‎49．A. dreams B．drugs C．crops D．needs 答案　D 解析　根据上下文可推知，比尔•盖茨通过和每个农民聊天了解他们特有的需要，然后给予帮助。‎ ‎50．A. rich B．poor C．narrow D．high 答案　B 解析　结合常识可知，非洲的土地较为贫瘠，所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用poor形容土地贫瘠。‎ 第三部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Visitor Code ‎•Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand If you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt，declare it to customs.‎ ‎•Protect plants and animals Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.‎ ‎•Get rid of rubbish Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g. glass，paper) where possible.‎ ‎•Be considerate with other waste If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.‎ ‎•Keep New Zealand’s water clean Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes or rivers.‎ ‎•Take care with fire Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.‎ ‎•Camp or picnic carefully When camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.‎ ‎•Keep to the track Keep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.‎ ‎•Be considerate When driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了参观新西兰要注意的一些行为准则。‎ ‎51．According to the Code，visitors should act .‎ A．with care and respect B．with relief and pleasure C．with caution and calmness D．with attention and observation 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知，游客去新西兰时，要当心，不要带入有可能对新西兰产生破坏的物品，也要尊重自然、保护环境，文中的各个小标题均是对该内容的体现，因此选A。‎ ‎52．What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?‎ A．Take your own camping facilities.‎ B．Bury glass far away from rivers.‎ C．Follow the track for the sake of plants.‎ D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文中Keep to the track部分中的内容可知，游客要沿着路径行走，减小破坏脆弱的植物的几率，因此选C。‎ B A guy named Simon Baker，depressed and heartbroken，stared out his apartment window into the freezing December night. His 4yearold daughter Barbara sat on his knees quietly，sobbing.‎ Simon’s wife，Ashley，died of cancer. Little Barbara couldn’t understand why her mommy could never come home. Barbara looked up into her dad’s eyes and asked，“Why isn’t Mommy just like everybody else’s Mommy？”‎ Simon’s jaw tightened and his eyes were filled with tears. Her question brought waves of sadness and anger. Life always had to be different for him. When he was a kid，he was often bullied by other boys. He was too little at the time to compete in sports. He was often called names he’d rather not remember. From childhood，he was different and never seemed to fit in.‎ Simon did finish college，married his loving wife and was grateful to get his job as a copywriter at Montgomery Ward.‎ Then he was blessed with his little girl. But it was all shortlived. Ashley’s cancer consumed all their savings and now Simon and his daughter were forced to live in a tworoom apartment in the Chicago slums(贫民窟)．‎ Ashley died just days before Christmas in 2006.Simon struggled to give hope to his child，for whom he couldn’t even afford to buy a Christmas gift. But if he couldn’t buy a gift，he was determined to make one—a storybook！Simon had created an animal character in his own mind and told the animals story to little Barbara to give her comfort and hope.‎ The story Simon created was his own autobiography in fable(寓言) form. The character he created was a misfit outcast(流浪者) like he was. He was a little reindeer(驯鹿) named Rudolph，with a big shiny nose.‎ Simon finished the book just in time to give it to his little girl on Christmas Day. But the story didn’t end there.‎ The general manager of Montgomery Ward offered Simon a nominal(有名无实的) fee to purchase the rights to print the book. Ward went on to print Rudolph the RedNosed Reindeer and distributed it to children visiting Santa Claus in their stores. By 2008 Montgomery Ward had printed and distributed more than 6 million copies of Rudolph. That same year，a major publisher wanted to purchase the rights from Ward to print an updated version of the book.‎ The book became a bestseller. Many toy and marketing deals followed and Simon became wealthy. But the story didn’t end there，either. In a gesture of kindness，the CEO of Ward returned all rights back to him.‎ The gift of love that Simon Baker created for his daughter years ago kept on returning to bless him. Simon himself learned，just like his dear friend Rudolph，that being ‎ different isn’t so bad.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了西蒙•贝克从小经历坎坷，后来又经历丧妻之痛，没有钱给女儿买礼物，所以他创作了一本故事书——关于一个难以适应社会的驯鹿的故事。后来这本书成为畅销书，西蒙•贝克也变得很富有了。‎ ‎53．Which of the following statements about Simon’s storybook is TRUE?‎ A．The book is to record Simon and Ashley’s marriage life.‎ B．The book is about a reindeer that finds it difficult to get along in the world.‎ C．The book describes the growing popularity of Rudolph.‎ D．The book introduces Christmas traditions and customs in the US.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句和第七段可知，西蒙的书主要是关于一个难以适应社会的驯鹿的故事。‎ ‎54．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence “But the story didn’t end there.” in Paragraph 8?‎ A．Simon Baker would continue to write the story.‎ B．Simon Baker would enjoy a rich life later.‎ C．Something amazing happened with the book finished.‎ D．Many people copied the writing style of Simon Baker’s story.‎ 答案　C 解析　句意理解题。画线句子下面两段的内容讲的是：西蒙的书出版了，有人提出购买它的版权；这本书成为畅销书籍，西蒙变富有了，并且版权归还给了西蒙，所以作者想说的是：书完成后，令人惊讶的事情发生了。‎ ‎55．What message does the author mainly want to convey through the passage?‎ A．Life is full of unexpected challenges.‎ B．Being different means popularity.‎ C．Fitting in with society is a principle to survive.‎ D．Giving love to others is rewarding.‎ 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容及最后一段第一句可知，给予他人爱是值得的。‎ C Did you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain，the cleverer the animal，men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests，despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study，researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters，not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”．While men have more of the latter，the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.‎ It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster，perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier，and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone，‎ cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time，it’s women who come out on top every time.‎ There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks，men know better where things are in relation to other things.“A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players，and he knows where to go，” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions...and women often need to!‎ The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about nine weeks old，which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier(障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.‎ If all this disappoints you，it shouldn’t.“The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it，” says a biologist.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了男女大脑的不同以及由此出现的男女在各方面的不同特点。‎ ‎56．Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?‎ A．Women’s brain is 10% less than men’s.‎ B．“Grey matter” plays the same role as “white matter”．‎ C．Both sexes have the same amount of “white matter”．‎ D．“Grey matter” controls thinking in the brain.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，男性大脑中有更多的white matter，而男女在负责思考的大脑物质方面几乎一样多，这个物质指的就是grey matter。故选D。‎ ‎57．What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?‎ A．Men do better in dealing with one job at a time.‎ B．Women prefer doing many things at a time.‎ C．Women do not need to ask for directions.‎ D．Men have weaker spatial abilities.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，女性可以一边接电话、做饭一边照看婴儿，而男性不擅长同时做多件事，男性更擅长每次处理一项工作，故A项正确。B项说女性更喜欢每次同时做多件事是错误的，文章只是说女性有这个能力。第三段中提到男性方向感强，不需要问路，而女性正好相反，故C项错误。第三段中提到男性空间能力更强，故D项错误。‎ ‎58．Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?‎ A．Young boys may be stronger than young girls.‎ B．More women take up jobs requiring speech skills.‎ C．Women may have stronger feelings than men.‎ D．Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills”可知选B。‎ ‎59．What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?‎ A．Defensive. B．Persuasive.‎ C．Objective. D．Supportive.‎ 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。本文作者只是介绍男女大脑不同的一些客观事实，并没有夹杂主观态度或看法，因此作者的态度是客观的。‎ D ‎(2018•镇江质检)‎ In parts of the world，separating natural habitats(栖息地) from highyielding farmland(耕地) could be a more effective way to conserve wild species than trying to grow crops and conserve nature on the same land，according to a new study.‎ The study，by researchers at the University of Cambridge and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds，collected information on more than 600 species in southwest Ghana and northern India，two parts of the world where demand for agricultural land is putting ever more pressure on wild species. The researchers measured crop production as well as the abundance of birds and trees in forests and in various types of farmland.‎ ‎“Farmland with some retained natural vegetation(植被) had more species of birds and trees than highyielding monocultures(单一栽培) of oil palm，rice or wheat but produced far less food energy and profit per hectare，” said the lead author Dr Ben Phalan from the University of Cambridge.“As well as requiring more land to produce the same amount of food，the ‘wildlifefriendly’ farmland was not as wildlifefriendly as it first appeared. Compared with forest，it failed to provide good habitat for the majority of bird and tree species in either region.”　　The researchers discovered that，under current and future food demand，most species would have larger total populations if farming was restricted to the smallest area. This was true not just for rare species but for common species as well.‎ This strategy，called “land sparing”，uses higher yields on existing farmland to spare land for nature (in contrast with “land sharing”，which aims to conserve wild species and grow crops on the same land)．Because highyield farming produced more food from less land，it could be used as part of a strategy to protect larger tracts(地带) of natural habitats such as forest.‎ ‎“It would be nice to think that we could conserve species and produce lots of food，all on the same land，”said Dr Malvika Onial from the University of Cambridge.“But our data from Ghana and India show that’s not the best option for most species. To produce a given amount of food，it would be better for biodiversity to farm as productively as possible，if that allows more natural habitats to be protected or restored.”‎ ‎“It is critical to note that increasing crop yields would not work in isolation，”said Professor Andrew Balmford from the University of Cambridge.“Such increases need to be combined with active measures such as using national parks and community ‎ reserves to protect natural habitats from conversion(转变) to farmland. Conservation policymakers should explore new ways to link protection of natural habitats with efforts to increase food yields per unit area in sustainable ways. Food retailers could perhaps make the linkage a feature of environmentally friendly food products.”‎ The researchers pointed out，however，that although their findings in Ghana and India are remarkably consistent，they may not hold true everywhere. It is possible that land sparing will be a better strategy in some places and land sharing in others. They advise that further studies in representative parts of the world be needed to determine whether there is a more general pattern.‎ ‎“Our study does not give full support to largescale agribusiness over smallscale farming systems，” said Professor Rhys Green from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the University of Cambridge.“Highyielding organic farming and other systems such as agroforestry can be a useful component of a land sparing strategy and may offer the additional advantage of few adverse effects of farming from fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂)．But whatever the farming system，protection of natural habitats will continue to be essential for the conservation of many species.”‎ 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章通过一项调查研究说明人类如何在保护野生生物的栖息地与高产耕地之间寻求平衡。‎ ‎60．How does the author develop the passage?‎ A．By listing figures.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By using research.‎ D．By making comparisons.‎ 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章主要是通过引用剑桥大学和皇家鸟类保护协会所作的一项研究展开的。故选C。‎ ‎61．What is farmland with natural plants like compared to farmland of monocultures?‎ A．It is more productive.‎ B．Its species are more diverse.‎ C．It’s more wildlifefriendly than forest.‎ D．It offers most wild species good habitat.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Farmland with some retained natural vegetation(植被) had more species of birds and trees than highyielding monocultures(单一栽培) of oil palm，rice or wheat but produced far less food energy and profit per hectare”可知，保留自然植被的农场的物种比那些单一栽培农作物的高产耕地的物种要多，即保留自然植被的农场的物种更加多样化。故选B。‎ ‎62．Which is one of the benefits of limiting the scale of farmland?‎ A．Realizing land sharing swiftly.‎ B．Improving the quality of crops.‎ C．Managing food demand wisely.‎ D．Increasing rare species’s reproduction rate.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，如果限制农耕规模的话，稀有物种和普通物种的总体数量均会增多，即稀有物种的繁殖率会增加。故选D。‎ ‎63．What do Professor Andrew Balmford’s words suggest?‎ A．Achieving land sparing needs many joint efforts.‎ B．People should switch farmland’s functions at once.‎ C．Protecting species is as important as growing crops.‎ D．Wild species protection calls for longterm devotion.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中安德鲁•鲍姆福德教授所说的内容可知，安德鲁•鲍姆福德教授认为增加农作物产量不是单方面就可以完成的，而是需要许多人的共同努力。故选A。‎ ‎64．How do the researchers find their study?‎ A．Faulty. B．Convincing.‎ C．Complicated. D．Impractical.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，研究人员指出，尽管他们的研究结果在加纳和印度是非常一致的，但它们可能并不是对每个地方都适用；而且，他们建议(人们)需要进一步研究世界上具有代表性的地区以确定是否有更普遍的模式。由此可推知，研究人员认为他们的研究是不完善的，还有待改善。faulty有缺陷的。故选A。‎ ‎65．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．New technology is on the way.‎ B．Humans are in great need of farmland.‎ C．Wild species protection may need land sparing more.‎ D．Protecting wild species and producing crops can’t coexist.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过一项调查研究说明保护野生生物可能更需要“land sparing”这种模式，故选C项。‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Why Does Gratitude Matter?‎ Gratitude doesn’t just feel good. 66 Like other positive emotions，feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives. Brain Research shows that positive emotions are good for our bodies，minds，and brains.‎ Positive emotions help us see more possibilities and take in more information. They increase our ability to develop skills. 67 .‎ People who often feel grateful and appreciative are happier，less stressed，and less depressed. Gratitude is like a Uturn on complaining or thinking about what we don’t have.‎ ‎ 68 When we feel grateful，we might also feel happy，calm，joyful，or glad.‎ Gratitude can lead to positive actions. When we feel grateful for someone’s kindness toward us，we may be more likely to do a kindness in return. 69 Thanking people ‎ can make it more likely that they’ll do a kindness again.‎ ‎ 70 When we feel and express heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to people in our lives，it creates loving bonds，builds trust，and helps you feel closer.‎ When we make it a habit to feel grateful and appreciative，it increases our awareness(意识) of good things as they happen. That set of attitude of gratitude has positive effects on our mood.‎ A．It might make you suffer a lot.‎ B．One positive emotion often leads to another.‎ C．Gratitude helps us build better relationships.‎ D．Forming a habit of gratitude can also be good for us.‎ E．In addition，they help us to learn and make good decisions.‎ F．Find out who you appreciate and what the reasons might be.‎ G．Your gratitude also can have a positive effect on someone else’s actions.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。感恩是一种心态，感恩能够带给我们很多好处。只有拥有一颗感恩的心，我们才能感到快乐和温暖。‎ ‎66．答案　D 解析　根据空前的“Gratitude doesn’t just feel good.”与空后的“feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives”可知，D项“养成感恩的习惯对我们也会有好处”符合语境。‎ ‎67．答案　E 解析　前面提到了积极的情绪的好处，特别是“They increase our ability to develop skills.”，故可判断E项“除此之外，它们(积极的情绪)还帮助我们学习，作出好的决定”符合语境。‎ ‎68．答案　B 解析　根据空后的“When we feel grateful，we might also feel happy，calm，joyful，or glad.”可知，B项符合语境。‎ ‎69．答案　G 解析　根据空后的“Thanking people can make it more likely that they’ll do a kindness again.”可知，G项“你的感恩也可以对别人的行为产生积极的影响”符合语境。‎ ‎70．答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“it creates loving bonds，builds trust，and helps you feel closer”可知，感恩帮助我们建立更好的关系，故选C。‎ 第四部分　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ It’s common to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes in a hurry through big cities in China. Some of them even risk 71 (run) red lights to deliver their meals in time. However，such careless behavior often causes serious problems.‎ The reason for the rise of such a careless behavior is that there is 72 large demand for food delivery workers，and many companies offer high salaries 73 (attract) new workers.‎ In fact，food delivery workers are often under high 74 (press) from their employers. They face company fines for delivering food late. Moreover，the more orders they take，the more money they can earn， 75 leads to some workers ‎ checking 76 (they) mobile phones for new orders while they are riding their bikes.‎ While most companies require delivery workers to follow traffic rules，it remains a problem whether these requirements and rules are 77 (strict) obeyed.‎ To solve the problem，some cities 78 (take) action since last year. Shanghai required the delivery workers should 79 (train) on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen，if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice，he or she will be banned 80 driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要叙述了骑电动自行车的食品送货工人由于粗心行驶常常引起严重的问题，并对这种现象出现的原因进行了分析。‎ ‎71．答案　running 解析　考查固定搭配。句意为：食品配送工人为了及时送饭甚至冒着闯红灯的危险。risk doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“冒险做某事”。故填running。‎ ‎72．答案　a 解析　考查固定搭配。句意为：这种粗心行为上升的原因是对食品送货工人的需求量大造成的。a large demand for...为固定搭配，意为“对……需求量大”，故填a。‎ ‎73．答案　to attract 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：许多公司为了吸引新工人而提供高薪。分析句意可知表目的，故填to attract。‎ ‎74．答案　pressure 解析　考查名词。句意为：事实上，食品配送工人经常受到来自雇主的压力。分析句子可知，本句中的press被形容词high修饰，一起作under的介词宾语，因此要用名词形式 pressure。‎ ‎75．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面句子的内容，导致后面的结果，故要用which指代前面的内容。因此填which。‎ ‎76．答案　their 解析　考查人称代词。句意为：他们接的订单越多，他们赚的钱就越多，这会导致他们骑车时会看手机。分析句意可知，是配送工人骑车时看他们的(their)手机。故填their。‎ ‎77．答案　strictly 解析　考查副词。句意为：虽然大多数公司要求食品配送工人遵守交通规则，但这些要求和规则是否被严格遵守，仍然是个问题。分析句子可知，修饰动词obey要用副词，故用其副词形式strictly。‎ ‎78．答案　have taken 解析　考查谓语动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“since last year”可知，本句中要用现在完成时，主语是复数名词some cities，故填have taken。‎ ‎79．答案　be trained 解析　考查虚拟语气。本句中require表示建议，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。本句中的“工人”是“被培训”，故要用(should) be trained，其中的should可省略。‎ ‎80．答案　from 解析　考查固定搭配。ban sb.from doing sth.，为固定搭配，意为“禁止某人做某事”。其被动形式为sb.be banned from doing sth.，故本句中填from。‎ 第五部分　书面表达(满分25分)‎ 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ Dear Alcohol，‎ You’ve been around forever. I can remember all the pain you’ve caused me.‎ Do you remember the night you almost took my father’s life？I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me.‎ Do you remember the night of my first high school party？You were there. My friends were attracted by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again，consuming all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels(神魂颠倒) for you.‎ Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17yearold neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons？Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon(迎面地) and killed the two people in the other car？He died the next morning too.‎ I wish you’d walk out of my life forever. I don’t want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you’ve caused. Sure，you’ve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you’ve caused in the lives of millions is endless. Stop catching the people I love. Stop hurting me，please.‎ Sincerely，‎ Me ‎ 写作内容 ‎ ‎1．用约30个单词概括以上短文的内容；‎ ‎2．用约120个单词就“Away from Alcohol”为话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：‎ ‎(1)你对文中所描述的现象的看法；‎ ‎(2)描述你周围的人喝酒后的经历；‎ ‎(3)简述如何远离过量饮酒。‎ ‎ 写作要求 ‎ ‎1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3．不必写标题。‎ ‎ 评分标准 ‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ In this letter，the writer reminded us of the severe harm alcohol did to his father，friends and neighbors by example and sincerely wished people to stay away from alcohol.‎ I can’t agree more with the appeal that people shouldn’t be addicted to alcohol. Consuming no or little alcohol will keep people awake，causing them to work more efficiently and live healthily.‎ Nevertheless，it is quite common to find alcoholics in our daily life who tend to find a variety of reasons to drink. Take my neighbor as an example，he returned home rather late nearly every day after drinking，so his wife and son felt annoyed with him. What’‎ s worse，he argued with them and threw everything at hand on the ground，which made his wife and son rather frightened. As a consequence，his wife divorced him.‎ Therefore，we’d better learn to control ourselves and drink mild wine or beverage in place of alcohol if forced. If you are an alcoholic，quit it early and lead a positive life.‎