【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（14）细节理解推理判断词义猜测词义猜测七选五2

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（14）细节理解推理判断词义猜测词义猜测七选五2

细节理解+推理判断+词义猜测+词义猜测+七选五2‎ ‎1、    The restaurants below have all told us that kids can have dinner on the house for free if they are with an adult who has bought a meal. If you know one we’ve missed,please share it in the notes below.‎ ‎    Kids' meals are free at all IHOP locations every night after 4 pm. Coco's in Canoga Park also offers the deal every night of the week; if that’s not your nearest Coco’s location,check with your local for its kids’ meal offer. And in Santa Monica, Main Street's M Street Cafe offers free meals to kids during Happy Hour (how convenient!); that’s weeknights from 1:30 pm to 6:00 pm.‎ ‎    Tuesday night dinner is free for kids at Rusty's Surf Ranch on the Santa Monica Pier, as long as you stop to visit the sea stars at the Aquarium below first. Kids, meals are also free on Tuesday nights at the Sagebrush Cantina in Calabasas (with kids' activities or entertainment before and after the meal), at three different restaurants in Glendale’s America, and at the restaurant chains(连锁店) Ruby’s Diner,Acapulco, and Denny'sClocations all over). Most Johnny Rockets also do free Tuesdays.‎ ‎    On Wednesday evenings, kids eat free at El Scgundo Fish Co.. at all locations of El Torito# and at Hof's Hut. Kids, dinners are also free on Wednesdays at Cafe 50s in West LA and Hollywood; plus on the last Wednesday of every month,dinner is free for anyone wearing pajamas(睡衣)!‎ ‎    Other chains with Kids Eat Free nights that change by their locations include Norm s. Ikea’s Cafe,and Numero Uno Pizza.‎ ‎    Looking for a low-price fun meal out for the whole family? What about a kid-friendly happy hour in Silver Lake?‎ ‎1.What do the restaurants mentioned in Paragraph 3 have in common? A.They all offer kids free dinner on Tuesday nights. B.They all belong to the same restaurant chain. C.They all sit on the Santa Monica Pier. D.They all have kid-friendlv activities. 2.What should an adult do in order to eat free food at Cafe 50s in West LA and Hollywood? A.Wear pajamas on any workdays. B.Bring a little child with him/her. C.Be in pajamas on the last Wednesday of the ‎ month. D.Go to the restaurant in pajamas on Wednesday mornings. 3.What is the restaurant Silver Lake suitable for? A.A kid looking for food. B.A good time eating outdoors. C.A meal especially prepared for kids. D.A fun meal for a family together at a low price. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Kids could eat free at IHOP every morning. B.Kids could eat free at Hof s Hut on Tuesday evenings. C.Kids' meals are free at Ruby's Diner on Tuesday nights. D.People could eat free at Rusty's Surf Ranch on every Tuesday.‎ ‎2、A new study explores the custom of tipping in the United States. Many Americans give tips to people who perform a job for them, especially workers in the service industry. They pay a little extra to people cutting their hair, driving them across town or serving them a meal at a restaurant.‎ The researchers found that men give bigger tips to restaurant workers than women. And people who live in the northern US are more generous with tips than those living in the South. People who earn $ 50, 000 or more a year give bigger tips than those who earn less than $50, 000. There is one likely reason: the wealthier Americans have more money to spend.‎ Michael Lynn is a professor of consumer behavior and marketing at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration in New York. In other words, he knows a lot about the issue of tipping. In earlier surveys, Lynn said he found mixed results on the generosity of men and women when it comes to tipping. In some studies, men gave bigger tips than women. In others, women gave more money.‎ Lynn’s own research in American restaurants found that men give bigger tips when the restaurant server is a woman and women give more when the server is a man. Tips are very important to service employees. People who work at restaurants often get most of their earnings from tips.‎ Nationwide, Americans generally tip between 15 to 20 percent at restaurants and leave from $2 to S 10 a day for the people who clean their hotel rooms. Tips of 15 percent of the reading on the meter (计价器) are also common for people who drive taxis.‎ But here is something to keep in mind. If you are able to give the person serving you a tip or a bigger one than what is expected, your generosity will be welcome. Many service workers do not make much money, and even an extra dollar or two can make a difference in their lives.‎ ‎8. What is paragraph I mainly about?‎ A. A study in a restaurant. B. A job offering a lot of tips.‎ C. The service industry in the US. D. The custom of tipping in the US.‎ ‎9. What is Lynn’s finding in American restaurants?‎ A. People give more tips to the opposite sex server.‎ B. People are always more generous to service employers.‎ C. Men give the same tips to the women restaurant servers as women.‎ D. Men always give more tips to the men restaurant servers than women.‎ ‎10. How much tips do Americans generally pay if the reading on the taximeter is $100?‎ A. $2. B. $10.‎ C. $15. D. $20.‎ ‎11. What is the authors attitude towards tipping?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Critical.‎ C. Uncaring. D. Supportive.‎ ‎3、    In the mid-2000s, Waze Mobile co-founder Ehud Shabtai received a cutting-edge (尖端的) gift from girlfriend: a GPS. The expensive gift was supposed to be helpful. But straight out of the box, it was already out of date.‎ ‎    Shabtai, a coding enthusiast, had an immediate reaction to reinvent. Shabtai’s solution? To build an app. With 80 million monthly active users globally and nearly 400,000 superusers who function much like Wikipedia volunteer editors (editing maps rather than words), Waze Mobile caught the eye of Google as a revolutionary approach to navigation (导航).‎ ‎    Acquired by Google in 2013, Waze’s value mainly lies in its high rate of user involvement. Unlike traditional navigation apps that simply show directions, Waze asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.‎ ‎    The goal behind Waze’s approach is an ambitious one: not just avoid traffic, but end it altogether. Waze is finding new ways to put its loyal and active user base to use to make that vision a reality, including a plan to make carpooling (拼车) cool.‎ ‎    To be sure, traffic jams are troubling people all over the world. Waze has been quietly ahead of the game for some time. In 2013, when Waze was just a small digital-mapping business with limited resources it had something Google Maps and other competitors didn’t: richer GPS guidance thanks to its stream of live traffic reports from users.‎ ‎    These users were the basis of Shabtai’s plan to solve for his GPS device’s “silent” hardware: he grounded the app in software that could be perpetually updated by users, anywhere and anytime.‎ ‎    Waze Carpool is going straight to the heart of traffic jams, trying to get more drivers off the road and into carpools. The app has already connected tens of thousands of rideseekers with drivers willing to ferry them along a shared route, and that trend could be the answer to a traffic-free future.‎ ‎1.What did Shabtai do when he found his girlfriend’s gift out of date? A.He improved it. B.He took it apart. C.He put it away. D.He used it anyway. 2.What sets Waze Mobile apart from traditional navigation apps? A.It has the most users. B.It can indicate directions. C.It reports road conditions in real time. D.Most users help edit its words. 3.What does the underlined word “perpetually” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A.Difficultly. B.Carefully. C.Greatly. D.Constantly. 4.What is mainly talked about in the text? A.The rise of ‎ carpooling. B.An advanced navigation app. C.The development of Google. D.Traffic problems in the world.‎ ‎4、The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show    stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from  one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies ‎ anger. B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。     Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.     People have used secret codes for thousands of years. ①__________Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. ‎ ‎    There are three main types of cryptography. ②__________For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”     ③__________You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read ‎ “13520135”.     A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. ④__________For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me” .The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. ⑤__________However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness?①__________The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.‎ ‎    *Make a plan for achieving goals that you believe will make you happy.Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.‎ ‎    *Surround yourself with happy people.It is easy to begin to think negatively(消极地)when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ②__________‎ ‎    *When something goes wrong,try to figure out a solution instead of being lost in self pity.Truly happy people don't allow setbacks(挫折)to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the situations back to their favor.‎ ‎    * ③__________These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.‎ ‎    * ④__________Whether you treat yourself to lunch,take a long,relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance,you will be subconsciously (下意识地)putting yourself in a better mood.‎ ‎    *Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness.Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.‎ ‎    *Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness.⑤__________‎ A.What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.‎ B.On the contrary,if you are around people who are happy,their emotional state will be infectious(有感染力的).‎ C.Being overweight or not eating nutritious(有营养的)foods can have a negative effect on your mood.‎ D.These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.‎ E.Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.‎ F.There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.‎ G.It's also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,那几家餐馆都在星期二晚上给小孩子提供免费晚餐。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段的“ plus on the last Wednesday of every month, dinner is free for anyone wearing pajamas!"可知, 在每个月的最后一个单期三,只要穿上睡衣,任何人都可以在Cafe 50s免费进餐。 3.细节理解题。根据末段的“Looking for a low-price fun meal out for the whole family? What about a kid-friendly happy hour in Silver Lake?”可知,这家餐厅最合适的是:一家人共同去享受一次既有趣又优惠的晚餐。 4.细节理解题。根据第 5段的“Kids’ meals are also free on Tuesday nights ... at the restaurant chains(连锁店)Ruby’s Diner ...”可知,在周二的晚上,Ruby's Diner会给小孩子提供免费的晚餐。其他选项均与原文不符。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 解析： 【1题详解】主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍了美国人给小费是一种习俗。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Lynn’s own research in American restaurants found that men give bigger tips when the restaurant server is a woman and women give more when the server is a man.（林恩自己对美国餐馆的研究发现，当餐馆服务员是女性时，男性给的小费更多，而当服务员是男性时，女性给的小费更多）可知，林恩通过研究发现人们会给异性服务员更多的小费。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【3题详解】数字计算题。根据倒数第二段中的Tips of 15 percent of the reading on the meter (计价器) are also common for people who drive taxis.（打车时给出租车司机15%的小费也很常见）可知，美国人通常在出租车计价器上的读数为100美元时，付给司机15美元的小费是正常的。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【4题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的Many service workers do not make much money, and even an extra dollar or two can make a difference in their lives.（许多服务人员赚不了多少钱，甚至一两美元也能改变他们的生活）可推知，作者支持给小费这种习俗。故D选项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Shabtai,a coding enthusiast,had an immediate reaction to reinvent. ”可知,他立刻对GPS进行了改进。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Unlike traditional navigation apps that simply show directions, Waze asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route. ”可知,Waze mobile要求使用者随时报道路况。这是与其他传统导航不同的地方。 3.词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“he grounded the app in software that could be perpetually updated by users, anywhere and anytime. ”可知,他要随时随地更新软件,所以可以猜出perpetually意为“不断地”。 4.主旨大意题。通读整篇文章可知,文章主要介绍了一种先进的导航app。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B 解析：1.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。 4.主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。考点:社会生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：D; E; G; F; A 解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数字来代表该字母,或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。‎ ‎①考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关,故判断D项内容 As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.符合语境逻辑,可以承接上下文。‎ ‎②考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码,由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。‎ ‎③考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法,故G选项内容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。‎ ‎④考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用,故判断F选项 With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎⑤考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码,但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间,故判断A选项 It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。‎ ‎【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下:1.注重句式的对接,比如排比句,祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接:也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词,即词的复现原则进行判断,其中包括同义词,原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。如2题和4题只需要利用for example来进行解题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：D; B; E; G; C 解析：‎ ‎1. 解析: 选D 前两句连续提出了几个问题,这几个问题对于追求幸福的人来说都很重要,故D项符合上下文。   ‎2. 解析: 选B 上文提及如果你的周围都是一些消极的人,那么你也会变得消极。接下来应该讲的是如果你周围的人是积极的,你也会很积极。故B正确。   ‎3. 解析: 选E 根据下一句“These few minutes will give you the opportunity”说明是要我们明天留点时间来思考那些让我们开心的事情。故E项符合上下文。    ‎4. 解析: 选G 根据下一句“Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath”说明这些都是你为自己做的事情,故G项符合上下文。    ‎5. 解析: 选C 本段是指要保持健康的生活方式能让我们幸福,故C项内容:超重或者不吃有营养的食品会对我们的健康有不好的影响。故C项符合上下文。‎ ‎ ‎