高中英语Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourPeriodThreeGrammar讲义

高中英语Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourPeriodThreeGrammar讲义

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 Period Three Grammar，Speaking & Writing 一、动词ing 形式作表语 1.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 形式相当于一个形容词)。常用来作表语的 现在分词有 astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging， inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising 等。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 2.表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 即时跟踪 1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.His hobby is collecting(collect) stamps. 2.The problem is quite confusing(confuse). 3.Her job is taking(take) care of these little children every day. 4.The news from the meeting is very encouraging(encourage). 二、动词ing 形式作定语 1.表示名词的属性或作用及用途(动名词)。 We are not allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准我们大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 2.表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句(现在分词)。 当分词单独作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。 The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 在教室里学习的男孩是我们的班长。 We’ll have an exam in the coming week. 下周我们将进行一次考试。 注意：动词ing 形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。 The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(×) The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(√) 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 即时跟踪 2 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.He stayed at home in the following(follow) days. 2.The waiting room is crowded with passengers waiting for the train.(wait) 3.There are some people working(work) in the field in spite of the rain. 三、动词ing 形式作宾补 1.动词ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调 一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。 2.当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. ＝The film is found very exciting. 他们发现这部电影非常振奋人心。 3.能用动词ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有 see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice， observe，look at，listen to 等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾补) I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有 have，let，keep，get，leave 等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾补) We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 即时跟踪 3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.I looked up and noticed a man picking(pick) the woman’s pocket on the bus. 2.Can you hear her singing(sing) the song in the next room? 3.He kept the car waiting(wait) at the gate. 4.You may find it astonishing(astonish) that Charlie was taught to sing when he was very young. Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 2.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.(2015·浙江) 3.While there are amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ) 4.There’s a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again.(2014·山东) 5.Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.(2014·大纲全国) 6.Last night，there were millions of people watching (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.(2014·北京) 7.The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing(stand) in one corner.(2013·山 东) 8.Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting (wait) for her.(2013·辽宁) 9.Sophia got an email asking(ask) for her credit card account number.(2013·上 海) 10.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man sitting(sit) at the front.(2011·广东) Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 1.It was both excited exciting and frightening to be up there！(2016·浙江，短文改错) 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 2.Mom was grateful and moving moved .(2016·四川，短文改错) 3.My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy enjoying the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陕西，短文改错) 4.I am awfully tiring tired ，but I know I’ll never fall asleep.(2013·浙江，短文改错) 5.I also shared with my friends many photos taking taken in Beijing.(2012·陕西，短文 改错) 6.Therefore，I told them interested interesting stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.(2012·浙 江，短文改错) Emotions 1.How wonderful! 2.It surprises me that... 3.I’m pleased we both like... 4.I (don’t) laugh at that kind of thing because... 5.I felt happy because... 6.It is (not) very amusing/funny that... 7.What fun! 8.I (don’t) enjoy this very much because... [即时跟踪] 语法填空 A：I dislike ads.Shall we 1.change(change) the channel? B：But ads are part of modern life.Everyone must face them. A：Ads are no good.They always try to persuade you 2.to buy (buy) what you actually don’t need. B：Well，do you mean some ads even tell 3.lies to cheat consumers? A：That’s what I 4.really(real) mean. B：But I think 5.what you have said is only partly true.6.In fact，some ads are very good. A：Very good? Could you show me 7.some examples? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 B：Yes，some public service ads try to educate people about safety，health and so 8.on.What do you think? A：I agree，but commercial ads are quite 9.different(differ).The advertisers always suggest their products are the best.So we can’t believe them. B：But commercial ads can also give us a lot of information about products.They promote competition and sales，which benefit consumers.If we are good at 10.comparing (compare) them，ads are good for us. 文体指导 故事性记叙文相对来说常见易写。不过在写作过程中一些技巧需要灵活地掌握和运用： 1.要把握住记叙文的六个要素，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原 因(why)和过程(how)。把握好这六个要素，写故事性记叙文就成功了一半。 2.要把握故事性记叙文的结构。在文章开头要交代故事发生的时间、地点和人物，然后写事 件的原因及发展过程，最后写结果。同时在结尾处要尽量自然，点明文章主题。并且要有一 条线索贯穿全文，使整个文章融为一体。 3.要把握好人称。在写此类文章时通常用第一人称或第三人称。 4.要注意时态的运用。在故事写作过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或景象时，常用过 去进行时，这样显得更加形象生动。 5.要润色简单句，增加过渡性词汇，使文章前后通顺自然，成为一个有机整体。 常用句式 1.Long long ago/Long ago/Once upon a time/Many years ago/One day/One afternoon/morning/ evening there was a... 2.There was/were... 3.He/She is fond of.../likes/loves...very much. 4.He/She is known as.../named.../called... 5.When he heard.../On hearing.../As soon as he heard.../When the news reached... 6.When he saw this.../At the sight of.../Seeing this... 写作任务 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 假如李华是你的朋友，今年大学毕业后，他怀着美好的想法到了某家公司工作，但结果并没 有如他想的那样。请根据下图提示，以“The First Day in the Company”为标题，用英语 写一篇短文。 注意：1.揭示出图片内容，要反映李华想法的前后变化； 2.词数 100 左右； 3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 The First Day in the Company After graduation from the university，Li Hua went to a company to work. 审题谋篇 第一步 明确要求 本文为故事性记叙文，写作时要抓六大要素，把握人物之间的关系。 第二步 确定段落 Para.1 进公司前的想法； Para.2 工作时遇到的困难； Para.3 一天工作后的想法。 第三步 词汇热身 1.大学毕业 graduate from university 2.过去曾认为 used to think 3.根据某人的要求 according to one’s request 4.被……责备 be blamed by... 第四步 句式升级 1.大学毕业后，李华去了一家公司工作。 (一般表达)After Li Hua had graduated from university，he went to a company to work. (句式升级)After graduation/graduating from university，Li Hua went to a company to work.(短语作状语) 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 2.他过去认为在这个公司工作很容易。 (一般表达)He used to think it was very easy to work in the company. (句式升级)He used to think it very easy to work in the company.(it 作形式主语) 3.他那么不小心，热水洒在了地上，因此被同事责备。 (一般表达)He was very careless and the hot water was poured on the ground，and as a result，he was blamed by his workmate. (句式升级)He was so careless that the hot water was poured on the ground，for which he was blamed by his workmate.(“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句) 连句成篇 The First Day in the Company After graduation from university，Li Hua went to a company to work.He used to think it was very easy to work in the company and he could stay there to do whatever he liked. However，on the morning of his first day，he was blamed by his boss for his bad work.He didn’t finish his work according to his boss’s request.And then when he carried some water in the afternoon，he was so careless that the hot water was poured on the ground，for which he was blamed by his workmate. So，when he was free，he sat in his office，thinking hard，“Is there something wrong? It’s not easy to work here.I must study and work hard.” Ⅰ.单元语法 A)用 v.ing 形式改写下列句子 1.Building socialism is our task. →Our task is building socialism. 2.People are encouraged by his words. →His words are encouraging. 3.We must improve our method for working. →We must improve our working method. 4.We watched that she was crossing the street. →We watched her crossing the street. 5.He heard that a song was being sung. →He heard a song being sung. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 B)单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误) 6.In my opinion，what he said at the meeting was really surprised surprising . 7.The waited waiting room is always full of all kinds of people. 8.Look! There are some leaves floated floating on the water. 9.When I got there，I saw the famous star surrounding surrounded by some girls. 10.Her job was checked checking and answering the emails from all over the world. Ⅱ.阅读理解 A Specialists say it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture.“Culture shock” is the term these specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment.There are three stages of culture shock，say the specialists.In the first stage，the newcomers like their new environment.Then，when the fresh experience dies，they begin to hate the city，the country，the people，and everything else.In the last stage，the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and， as a result，enjoy their life more. There are some obvious factors( 因 素 )in culture shock.The weather may be unpleasant.The customs may be different.The public service systems—the telephones， post office，or transportation—may be difficult to work out.The simplest things seem to be big problems.The language may be difficult. Who feels culture shock？Everyone does in this way or that.But culture shock surprises most people.Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their community.Coming to a new country，these people find they do not have the same established positions.They find themselves without any identity(身份).They have to build a new selfimage. Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation(迷失方向).This feeling may be homesickness.When homesick，people feel like staying inside all the time.They want to protect themselves from the strange environment，and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security(安全).This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short time，but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture.Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience—these 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 are the longterm solutions to the problem of culture shock. 11.When people move to a new country，they . A.will never be familiar with culture of the country B.have well prepared for the new surroundings C.will get used to the culture of the country quickly D.will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段首句“Specialists say it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture.”可知，当人们搬到一个新的国家时，适应新生活是不容易的。 故选 D。 12.According to the passage，the more successful you are at home， . A.the fewer difficulties you may have abroad B.the more difficulties you may have abroad C.the more money you will earn abroad D.the less homesick you may feel abroad 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their community.”可知， 通常情况下，那些在自己的国家没有任何困难的人往往遭受最严重的文化冲突，由此推断出， 在国内越成功，在国外会遇到越多的困难。故选 B。 13.According to the passage，factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following EXCEPT . A.language communication B.weather conditions and customs C.public service systems D.homesickness 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，导致文化冲突的因素有很多，例如，天气、风俗 习惯、公共服务设施以及语言等，但是没有提到人们的思乡情绪。故选 D。 14.The writer tells us that the best way to overcome culture shock is to . A.get familiar with new culture B.develop a strange sense of selfprotection C.protect ourselves from unfamiliar environment D.return to our own country 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience—these are the longterm solutions to the problem of culture shock.”可知，能够长期解决文化冲突问题的办法是了解熟悉新环境，并获得经验。故选 A。 B I was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon.I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio.It was a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness.My good mood ended，however，when the radio station took a news break between songs.Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had broken the law.I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light. As I pulled to a stop I noticed four leatherjacketed bikers.They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light.They looked rough and dangerous，but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands.I rolled down my window as one approached my car.“We are the Brother’s of the Wheel”，he said.“We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.”As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and tattoos and into his eyes.They shined with a goodness and kindness that came right from his soul.I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off.My good mood had returned.My faith in mankind had been improved.And I had to remember again never to judge people by their appearance. Our society often judges books by their covers，but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls.Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes.Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much. 15.The writer’s good mood ended when . A.he heard news between songs B.he had to stop at a red traffic light C.he heard a rich man broke the law D.he saw four leatherjacketed kids in need 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“My good mood ended，however，when the radio station took a news break between songs.”可知，歌曲间歇插播的新闻使作者没了好心 情。故选 A。 16.What were four bikers doing at the traffic light? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 A.Having a bicycle race in the street. B.Selling helmets to the passersby. C.Raising money to help kids in need. D.Preparing for Christmas holidays. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We are collecting money for Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.”可知，他们是在为贫困儿童募捐。故选 C。 17.The writer wants to tell us that we should . A.have faith in young people B.judge others by their actions C.change our attitude to society D.manage to help others in need 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.”可知，作者想要告诉读者不要以貌取人，行动 更重要。故选 B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 There were only a few days left before Christmas.I was 18.extremely(extreme) anxious for shopping，trying to make sure everyone got 19.what they wanted. I had to shop for 3 kids，so it was not cheap.I thought the bill added up to 300 dollars.However ， when I went to pay ， my credit card was refused.I was 20.shocked(shock).I began to call my bank while the line behind me got 21.longer(long).The bank said they had fixed my card so I tried again.Refused again! I was embarrassed and 22.angry(anger).I had money but couldn’t buy Christmas gifts.The 23.things(thing) I chose were already in short supply and in demand.The man right behind me was very kind，laughing and joking about all 24.the other angry customers.I wanted to try my card once more.But 25.before I could，he used his. My entire Christmas 26.was(be) paid for! I told him I couldn’t accept that，but he insisted.I told him I would pay him back， but he refused 27.to give(give) me his name.After I finally started crying and thanking him，he said，“Tell your kids Santa says Merry Christmas and be good.” Ⅳ.短文改错 Mr.Li is a hardworking teacher.Every day，he spends much time with his work.With little sleep and hardly any break，so he works from morning till night.Work too hard 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 has made him ill.“He has ruined his healthy.We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr.Li.I was eager to see him，but outside her room I stopped.I had to calm myself down.Quietly I step into the room.I saw him lying in bed，looking at some of the picture we had taken together.I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him. 答案 Mr.Li is a hardworking teacher.Every day，he spends much time with on his work.With little sleep and hardly any break，so he works from morning till night. Work Working too hard has made him ill.“He has ruined his healthy health .We are worried about him.” That is which what other teachers say.Yesterday afternoon，I paid ∧ a visit to Mr.Li.I was eager to see him，but outside her his room I stopped.I had to calm myself down.Quietly I step stepped into the room.I saw him lying in bed，looking at some of the picture pictures we had taken together.I understood that he missed us just as many much as we missed him. Ⅴ.书面表达 请你观察下图，然后写一篇 100 词左右的短文，讲述今天下午在你们物理课上发生在小华身 上的一件事。 参考词汇：目瞪口呆 dumbfounded 参考范文 Xiao Hua is really a naughty boy and sometimes even a bit humourous because he always gives us a surprise in and out of class. This afternoon，when Miss Chen，our new physics teacher，raised a question and asked him to answer it，he just stood there without saying a word.“Is this question difficult ？ ”Miss Chen asked him patiently ， pointing to the question on the blackboard.He looked at the question and then shook his head before he gave a surprising answer，“No，Miss Chen，but the answer is！” Hearing this，Miss Chen was left dumbfounded and the whole class burst into laughter.