【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：文学与艺术类

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：文学与艺术类

文学与艺术类 ‎1、    Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instrumenls are beautiful to all people everywhere.‎ ‎    Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class, and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loud as they drive on the streets.‎ ‎    Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive lo work. They also listen to the news about sports,the weather,politics,and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music.‎ ‎    Popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country,young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes conies to the singer. Wherever the singer goes,all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.‎ ‎    There are other kinds of music that arc important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today,any music about country life and the love between a country hoy and his girl is called western or country music.‎ ‎    Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music,such as the symphonies of Beethoven:rhere is opera for singers. There is ballet(芭蕾舞乐曲) for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.‎ ‎1.What can we know about music and people in America? A.Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets. B.Every American student enjoys listening to popular music. C.Adult drivers only listen to music when they drive to work. D.Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work. 2.How many kinds of music are mentioned in the ‎ passage? A.Six. B.Eight. C.Five. D.Seven.‎ ‎3.How can pop singers make money?‎ a. They make CDs or tapes by themselves.‎ b. Young people buy famous singers' CDs or tapes.‎ c. Radio stations use singers' CDs or tapes.‎ d. Young people want to meet the famous singers.‎ A.a and b B.a and d C.b and c D.b and d 4.Country music __________. A.is a kind of music that is popular in America B.has nothing to do with musicians C.is only sung by cowboys D.is not played in the concert halls ‎2、    Can you imagine a world without music?Studies show that public schools across the country are cutting back on music classes to save money. Worse, some schools have never had music classes to begin with. But without them, students' academic growth and emotional health could suffer. In fact, music classes are necessary for all students in schools.‎ ‎    Recent studies by Brown University have shown that students who received music education classes were better in math and reading skills than those without music classes. Another study by The College Board found that students taking music and art classes got higher points. Students' academic success seems to depend on their taking part in music education.‎ ‎    Music programs in public schools also help to add to a student's sense of pride and self-confidence. Teens today have too many learning tasks. Besides, they have family problems, self-confidence problems, relationship troubles, and choices about drugs and alcohol. All of these can stop academic success, but music education can help. A study by The Texas Commission on Drug and Alcohol Abuse found that students who took part in school music programs were less ‎ likely to turn to drugs. Music programs encourage students to work together to produce an excellent performance.‎ ‎    Music crosses language, class, cultural and political boundaries (界限).Music allows students from different countries to connect. For example, at a school talent show, a new Japanese student played a piano duet (二重奏) with an American classmate. Although they could not communicate verbally (口头上), they were able to read the music in order to play the duet. Two students from different cultures worked as a team with self-confidence and common purpose through music.‎ ‎    The gift of music is priceless. We need to be sure to have necessary music classes for all students. The world is losing its music, and putting music into schools is the first step to get it back.‎ ‎1.Education with music classes could ________. A.waste a lot more money from parents B.help students improve their school work C.lead to a lot of emotional problems easily D.have a bad influence on the quality of education 2.The two studies seem to show that ________. A.students with great success attended music lessons B.not all students took part in music lessons C.music plays an important role in students' success D.students having music classes are better in all lessons 3.The example in Paragraph 4 mainly suggests that ________. A.Japan has a good international relationship with America B.different cultures have different styles of music C.music makes cross-country communication possible D.Japanese and American students are good at playing the ‎ piano 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Music — a bridge to understanding B.How to get music back C.The importance of listening to music D.Music education in schools ‎3、    For any person who must speak in public, to business or pleasure groups, humor is a helpful and necessary tool for getting your message across.Why does humor work a lot? There are several reasons.‎ ‎    People will enjoy what you have to say if it is presented with humor.But, more importantly, if you are in a situation where important,and perhaps controversial (有争议的),ideas must be presented to less than open minds,humor allows those ideas to be presented in a nonthreatening (无威胁的) manner.Abraham Lincoln was famous for his ability to relate humorous stories to make a point.Humor used carefully throughout a presentation will also keep the listeners’ interest high.In a word,individuals learning how to use humor in their speeches can strengthen arguments, support interesting presentations and, most of all,entertain their audience in a positive and comfortable way.‎ ‎    While popular culture may well hold many kinds of humor,some of it has no place in presentations that are designed to educate and encourage the audience.If you want to become a professional excellent comedian whose goal is 100% entertainment, then you may be able to use some of the reference materials like The Art of Using Humor in Public Speaking.They can help you develop your skills and sources of humor.To  that end, your participation in this study of humor will become necessary.Hopefully, you will come to appreciate the special difficulty of entertaining the audience with good and clean humor.‎ ‎1.How many reasons does the author give for using humor? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. 2.What’s the purpose of excellent ‎ comedians? A.To educate the audience. B.To encourage the audience. C.To entertain the audience. D.To exchange with the audience. 3.Which of the following has a similar meaning to the underlined word “end”  in the last paragraph? A.finishing B.conclusion C.stop D.result ‎4、    A parent might place his daughter’s drawing on the fridge out of a love for his child rather than for the wonderful image, but for many people, that children art is actually quite amazing. In fact, adult artists were often inspired by children’s drawing. For the museum-goers out there who tend to point to a piece of modern art and say, “My kid could have made that !”It’s worth remembering that often, that’s actually just what the artist had in mind.‎ ‎    For many kids, drawing is exciting not because of the final product it leads to, but because they can live completely in the world of their drawing for a few minutes. Even children are scribbling(涂鸦), they’re representing through action, not through pictures. Liane Alves, a prekindergarten teacher, recalled a student who presented her with a drawing featuring a single straight line across the page. Alves assumed the child hadn’t given too much thought to the drawing until he explained that the line was one of the stems (茎) from The Princess and the Pea, one of the fairy tales they read in class.‎ ‎    Maureen Ingram, who’s a preschool teacher at the same school,said her students often tell different stories about a given piece of art depending on the day, perhaps because they weren’t sure what they intended to draw when they started the picture. “We as adults will often say, ’I’m going to draw a horse, ’and we set out. . . and get frustrated when we can’t do it, ”Ingram said. “Children seem to take a different approach, where they just draw, and then they realize, ’it is a horse. ’”‎ ‎    And what about those odd or scary-looking drawings? Does that mean kids are telling themselves stories that are odd or scary? It’s hard to say, but it’s rarely a good idea to over-interpret it. Ellen Winner, a psychology professor, pointed to parents who worry when their kid draws a child bigger than the adults. What’s most important to remember is that“children’s art has its own logic,” Winner said. “Children are not being crazy. ”‎ ‎1.What may the author agree most probably according to the first paragraph? A.Children are more skilled and creative than adults in art. B.There might be similar patterns in artists’ and kids’ drawings. C.No one knows what the drawing experience means to children. D.Parents should become drawing teachers of their children. 2.The author gives the example of Liane’s student to prove that _________ A.simple scribbles from children are meaningful B.not all the children like drawing in the classroom C.children’s drawing is too complicated to understand D.teachers often find it hard to teach children drawing 3.What is most important for children while they are drawing? A.The best image. B.Drawing process. C.A copy of real things. D.The ending of story. 4.What should parents do if their children draw things odd or scary? A.Ask teachers to show the children how to draw. B.Help the children to draw the picture again. C.Invite other children to have a discussion about the drawing. D.Take it easy and listen to the story behind the picture.‎ ‎5、When was the last time you did something really fun with one of your parents—just the two of you?‎ ‎   Parents who take their young children to music, swimming and art classes often stop arranging such activities once their kids are older and in school all day. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Doing something enjoyable with your kids just might make you look at each other in a whole new way, especially if you do it through a class or an event. When parent and child become students together, it puts them on the same level, at least for a while.‎ ‎   “I really like parents to come to class with their kids—they start sharing things and talking about what they’re doing and what they like,” said art teacher Pyper Dixon.‎ ‎    However, finding something new in common is a big choice for them, especially when kids get involved in sports and other after-school activities. But it’s possible to learn a new skill or hobby together.‎ ‎    That’s certainly true of Lauren, 11, of Silver Spring, who is in Dixon’s class with her father, Dennis. “I was just going to drop her off,” Dennis said, “but Dixon persuaded me to stay.”‎ ‎    Now Lauren gets to nag her father about doing his art homework. “He always leaves it to the last minute,” she said. “But then he’ll turn around to do amazing drawings,” she added, “We have different styles of drawing, so it’s interesting to talk it over with him.”‎ ‎    Without the Saturday morning art class, Dennis said, he would be reading the paper, and Lauren would be on her own in her room or on the computer. But they talk more now. “I can’t think of an experience where you communicate with your kid so closely,” he said.‎ ‎1.The author raises the question at the beginning to_______. A.expect an answer B.criticize some parents C.introduce the topic D.support his argument 2.What does Dixon think is the benefit of parent and child studying art together? A.The two will become equal. B.The two will communicate more. C.The child will learn art much better. D.The parent will learn something ‎ new. 3.The underlined word “nag” in the text probably means _______. A.urge B.help C.ignore D.teach 4.We can learn from the text that_______. A.Lauren used to talk a lot with her father B.Dennis enjoys studying art with Lauren C.Lauren dislikes her father’s drawings D.Dennis likes playing computer games ‎6、    No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.‎ ‎    All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.‎ ‎    I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, “a heightening of life, enjoyment with others”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.‎ ‎    I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.‎ ‎1.The passage indicates that analyzing a poem is ______. A.not essential at ‎ all B.a preparation for appreciating it C.an approach to understanding it D.optional in class sometimes 2.The recitation of a poem by the teacher or a student in the classroom ______. A.is the best way to understand it B.easily arouses some discussion among the students C.helps the teacher to analyze it D.can not take the place of the poet reading it 3.Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A.The most important teaching goal is to have students read and recite every poem they learn. B.Poetry is the foundation of all languages and literature courses. C.The teaching of poetry should have been much more stressed. D.Every English teacher is supposed to convey their love of poetry to their students.‎ ‎7 、 Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.‎ ‎       We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”‎ ‎        But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).‎ ‎        For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison,‎ ‎ she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned PhD’s.‎ ‎       Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view.‎ ‎      About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness. ”I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening.‎ ‎      Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.‎ ‎1.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to __________.‎ A.realize our dreams B.give support to our life C.smooth away difficulties D.awake our emotions ‎2.Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?‎ A.Because they spent much time reading it. B.Because they had read the novel before. C.Because they came from a public school. D.Because they had similar life experiences.‎ ‎3.The girl left the selective high school possibly because__________.‎ A.she was a literary-minded girl B.her parents were immigrants C.she couldn’t fit in with her class D.her father was then in prison ‎4.To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels__________.‎ A.creatively B.passively C.repeatedly D.carelessly ‎5.The author writes the passage mainly to__________.‎ A.introduce classic works of literature B.advocate teaching literature to touch the heart C.argue for equality among high school students D.defend the current testing system ‎8、    In his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great wordsmith and playwright. But he was not the only great master of dramatic writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theatre.‎ ‎    While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is consideredChina’s greatest playwright and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.‎ ‎    Tang was born in 1550 in Linchuan, Jiangxi province, and pursued a low key career as an official until, in 1598 and aged 49, he retired to focused on writing. Unlike Shakespeare’s large body of plays, poems and sonnets, Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin 《紫钗记》, The Peony Pavilion 《牡丹亭》, A Dream under a Southern Bough 《南柯记》 , and Dream of Handan 《邯郸记》. The Peony Pavilion is considered Tangs masterpiece. The latter three are constructed around a dream narrative, a device through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explores human nature beyond the social and political restrictions (限制) of the time.‎ ‎    Tang lived towards the end of the Ming dynasty (1368—1644) and the popularity of his works had a good reason. Similar to Shakespeare, his success rode the wave of a renaissance(文艺复兴)‎ ‎ in theatre as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare’s England, Tangs works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tangs China, the way, in which play-texts were enjoyed and performed, changed. Kunqu opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato become a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, Kunqu opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tangs work benefitted greatly from the popularity of Kunqu opera, and his play-texts are considered Kunqu classics.‎ ‎    While Tang and Shakespeare lived a world away from each other, they share in common the humanity of their drama, their iconic, heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.‎ ‎1.What’s the best title of the text? A.Tang Xianzu The Shakespeare ofChina B.Kunqu Opera a Symbol of Chinese Culture C.Tang Xianzu and His Work —The Peony Pavilion D.Shakespeare and His Influence on Chinese Theatre 2.According to Paragraph 3, Tangs plays                . A.are love stories based on real events B.reflect political environment at that time C.focus on discovering human emotions D.are mainly about dreams of females 3.The underlined phrase in paragraph 4 probably means                 . A.led to B.called up C.set off D.benefited from 4.How is the text developed? A.By analyzing data. B.By telling stories. C.By making comparisons. D.By providing arguments.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Popular music in America is what every student likes." 知。 2.细节理解题。七种音乐为:popular music,folk music, western or country music,classical music, orchestra music, opera, ballet. 3.细节理解题。根据第四段可知,广播电台使用歌手的唱片要付给他钱;年轻人购买唱片所付的钱中有部分给了歌手。 4.细节理解题。根据第五段“ Today,any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. ”可知。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段中的“But without them, students' academic growth and emotional health could suffer”可知没有音乐课,学生的学业发展和情感健康就会受到影响,反过来,有音乐课的教育有助于促进学生学业的发展。故答案为B。 2.推理判断题。由第二段“Students' academic success seems to depend on their taking part in music education”可知答案为C。 3.推理判断题。第四段的“Music crosses language, class, cultural and political boundaries”为主题句,下面的例子是为了举证。即作者举例是为了说明音乐无国界。故答案为C。 4.标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了中学音乐教育。全篇围绕这一主题,介绍了中学音乐教育的缺乏和开设音乐教育课的意义。故答案为D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段可知,关于运用幽默作者给出了三个原因:①people will enjoy;②humor allows those ideas to be presented in a nonthreatening manner;③also keep the listeners’ interest ‎ high。同时,通过第二段最后一句话也可以得到答案。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话中的whose goal is 100% entertainment可知,答案选C。 3.词义猜测题。句意:为了达到那样的结果,你投身于幽默的研究将会很有必要。那样的结果,即上句话提到的成为一名专业的出色的滑稽人物,故答案选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段In fact, adult artists were often inspired by children’s drawing. 成人艺术家常常受到儿童绘画的启发,可知儿童绘画和艺术家绘画的模式可能有类似的地方。故选B. 2.推理判断题。根据第二段he explained that the line was one of the stems (茎) from The Princess and the Pea, one of the fairy tales they read in class.的例子可知孩子画的直线是童话中豌豆公主的一条茎,作者举这个例子是为了说明孩子们简单的画对他们来说是有意义的。故选A. 3.推理判断题。根据第二段For many kids, drawing is exciting not because of the final product it leads to, but because they can live completely in the world of their drawing for a few minutes.绘画之所以令孩子们兴奋,不是因为它带来的最后结果,而是因为他们能在绘画的世界里生活几分钟。可见孩子们注重的是过程并非结果,故选B. 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段Does that mean kids are telling themselves stories that are odd or scary? it’s rarely a good idea to over-interpret it.和What’s most important to remember is that children’s art has its own logic可知父母对孩子奇怪或吓人的画不要过度解读,他们的画有自己的逻辑。可以放松,听孩子讲画背后的故事。故选D.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B 解析： 文章介绍父母和孩子一同参加艺术学习,可以增进双方的交流,举例说明父母和孩子都可以从这种活动中受益。 小题1:写作手法题:文章第一段提出问题:你最后一次和父母一起是什么时候,后面讨论的是父母和孩子一同参加学习的好处,说明这个问题是引出话题的,选C 小题2:细节题:从第三段的句子:“I really like parents to come to class with their kids—they start sharing things and talking about what they’re doing and what they like,”可知Dixon ‎ 认为父母和孩子一起学习艺术可以有更多的交流,选B 小题3:猜词题:从后面的内容:“He always leaves it to the last minute,” she said. “But then he’ll turn around to do amazing drawings,”可知爸爸总是把作业留到最后一刻才做,所以Lauren要催促爸爸做,nag=urge,选 A 小题4:细节题:从最后一段的句子:“I can’t think of an experience where you communicate with your kid so closely,” he said. 可知Dennis 喜欢和Lauren一起学习艺术,选B ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C 解析：‎ ‎1. 由文章第三段第一句话“I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than ‘analyzing’ it, if there isn’t time for both”可知,如果课堂上没有时间同时朗读和分析诗歌的话,把时间花在朗读上比花在分析上要值得多,因此“分析诗歌”是“optional”的。‎ ‎2. 第二段第一句话“the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once”告诉我们,朗读归根到底是对诗的最全面诠释;这一段最后一句话“But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it”又告诉我们,即使是那些教学辅助手段也不能取代学生和老师朗读,更不能取代理解诗歌的最有效方法——背诵。可见,A是正确答案。‎ ‎3. 第三段最后一句话“It(指poetry) also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies”说,在语言和文学教学中,诗歌本应该获得比目前更加重要的位置,即诗歌教学本该得到更多的重视,因此C项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B 解析： 这是一篇议论文,内容讲是“老师谈教学生文学阅读的感受”。‎ 小题1:句意猜测题。该句运用了明喻和暗喻的写作手法,将书比作斧子,冰冻的大海意指读者封锁的情感。作者引用这句话旨在告诉学生:一本好书应有助于唤醒读者的情感。‎ 小题2:细节归纳题。根据第三段内容可知,小说“Of Mice and Men”中的悲剧在学生生活中有类似经历,如“kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are ‎ parentsthemselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods.”因此答案是D。‎ 小题3:细节理解题。根据第四段“…a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school”及“… she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates”可知答案是C。‎ 小题4:细节归纳题。根据第五段“The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view.”“I had never before seen …, nor had I heard…, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”“His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening.”可知答案是A(creatively创造性地)。passively“被动地”;repeatedly“重复地”;carelessly“粗心地”。‎ 小题5:主旨归纳题。纵观全文,文章开头引用Franz Kafka的名言说明文学作品对唤醒学生情感的作用,接着详细介绍在平时教学生文学阅读过程中如何触及学生心灵的。因此答案是B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C ‎ ‎