上海市上海外国语大学附中（浦东）2020届高三上学期开学考试英语试题

上海市上海外国语大学附中（浦东）2020届高三上学期开学考试英语试题

‎2019-2020学年上外附中（浦东）‎ 高三上英语开学考 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Shanghai Citizens Out Of Sorts Over New Trash Separation Rules Household trash has occupied the minds of Shanghai residents this week: specifically, are the contents of their bins “wet”, “dry”, “hazardous” or “recyclable”?‎ Residents of the city one of the world’s biggest with about 23 million people, ___1___ arrange their trash according to those labels under a mandatory（强制的）sorting scheme ___2___ (start) on July 1.‎ Citizens, however, are finding ___3___ new system complicated enough, ___4___ every item of waste now under careful scrutiny, from receipts and half-eaten crayfish to soggy cups of “bubble tea.” Residents are also unhappy about getting their hands dirty. “It’s really a lot of trouble,” said a 68-year old resident called Shen. “Plastic bags have to be put in one bin and if they are dirty they must ___5___ (clean out), and then your hands get filthy. It’s really unhygienic.”‎ Huang Rong, deputy secretary general of the Shanghai government, said on Friday more than 70% of residential districts should be compliant（遵守）with the new trash sorting rules by next year.‎ Though Shanghai has hired 1,700 instructors and conducted 13,000 training sessions, confused residents on social media are demanding to know to sort items like batteries, human hair, meat on a bone, or fruit seeds and skins. The government ___6___ (set up) an app to handle enquiries. ___7___ citizens are unsure about which of the four trash categories --- recyclable, hazardous waste, kitchen waste and residual waste --- something they need to discard belongs to, they open the app, type in the ‎ object and receive a definitive answer.‎ Shanghai aims to eventually burn or recycle all waste. By next year, dry waste incineration and wet waste treatment rates ___8___ (expect) to reach 27,800 tonnes a day, around 80% of the city’s total garbage.‎ China is building hundreds of “waste to energy” plants ___9___ use garbage to generate power. It is also establishing a “waste-free city” scheme and constructing high-tech “comprehensive utilization bases” across the country.‎ Huang said the new sorting measures were just the beginning, and would not instantly resolve Shanghai’s mounting garbage challenges. “We need to step up the propaganda, and we can’t help but ___10___ (step up) the construction of infrastructure and guarantee that the separation of trash meets our requirements,” he said.‎ ‎【答案】1. must ‎ ‎2. starting ‎ ‎3. the 4. with ‎ ‎5. be cleaned out ‎ ‎6. has set up ‎ ‎7. Whenever ‎ ‎8. are expected ‎ ‎9. which/that ‎ ‎10. step up ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。上海成为中国第一个实施垃圾分类的城市。不过，这项在发达国家已实行多年的制度，却在推行前受到不少上海市民的反对和调侃。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：根据从7月1日开始实施的强制性垃圾分类计划，上海市民必须按照这四个标签来给垃圾分类。根据under a mandatory（强制的）sorting scheme可知，此处表示按规定必须要做，应使用情态动词must。故答案为must。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据从7月1‎ 日开始实施的强制性垃圾分类计划，上海市民必须按照这四个标签来给垃圾分类。此处与a mandatory sorting scheme是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做定语，表主动。故答案为starting。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：然而，居民们发现这个新系统已经足够复杂了，从收据到吃了一半的小龙虾，再到泡过的泡茶，每一种垃圾都要经过仔细的检查。此处特指这项新系统，应使用定冠词。故答案为the。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：然而，居民们发现这个新系统已经足够复杂了，从收据到吃了一半的小龙虾，再到泡过的泡茶，每一种垃圾都要经过仔细的检查。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为with复合结构，with sth. under careful scrutiny“让某物经过仔细的检查”。故答案为with。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查语态。句意：塑料袋必须放在一个垃圾箱里，如果它们脏了，必须清理干净，然后你的手就会变得很脏。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态，由空前must可知，此处为be cleaned out。故答案为be cleaned out。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：政府已经建立了一个应用程序来处理询问。根据下文they open the app, type in the object and receive a definitive answer.可知，政府已经建立这个应用程序，此处应使用现在完成时。故答案为has set up。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查状语从句。句意：每当市民不确定需要丢弃的四类垃圾——可回收的、危险废物、厨房垃圾和剩余废物——属于哪一类时，他们就会打开应用程序，输入该对象，然后得到一个确定的答案。根据句意可知，此处使用whenever引导时间状语“无论什么时候”。故答案为Whenever。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查语态。句意：到明年，干垃圾焚烧和湿垃圾处理率预计将达到每天27800吨，约占全市垃圾总量的80%。此处与主语dry waste incineration and wet waste treatment rates是逻辑被动关系，应使用被动语态，“预料，预计”是目前的动作，应使用一般现在时。故答案为are expected。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：中国正在建设数以百计的“垃圾转化能源”工厂，利用垃圾发电。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是“waste to energy” plants，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故答案为which/that。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：们需要加强宣传，我们不得不加强基础设施建设，保证垃圾分类符合我们的要求。此处为can’t help but do sth.“不得不做某事”。故答案为set up。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ The Unique Joy of Learning New Words With all that’s happening in the news, life can feel like an exercise in determining the particular kind of bad we are experiencing the. Are we anxious or depressed? Lonely, or stressed?‎ Tim Lomas, a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of East London, is engaged in the opposite endeavor, ___11___ all the types of well-being that he can find. Specifically, Lomas is seeking to ___12___ psychological insight by collecting untranslatable words that describe pleasurable feelings we don’t have a ___13___ for in English. “It’s almost like each one is a window onto a new landscape,” Lomas says. So far, with the help of many contributors, he has amassed nearly 1000 in what he calls a “positive lexicography” --- including the Dutch pretoogies, which refers to the twinkling eyes of someone engaged in benign mischief; The Arabic tarab, a word for musically induced ecstasy; And the Creole tabanca, which describes the ___14___ feeling of being left by someone you love.‎ People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are useful: How else could we talk to each other about the ___15___ pleasure of schadenfreude? But Lomas also see them as a means of showing us “new possibilities for ways of living,” describing them as invitations for people to experience happy phenomena ‎ that may previously have had been “hidden from them” or to revel in feelings they couldn’t previously ___16___. Consider the Japanese ohanami, a word for gathering with others to appreciate lowers.‎ Linguists have long argued about how much the language we speak --- partly ___17___ by factors like geography and climate --- limits the thoughts we are capable of having or the actions we can take. The words in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels ___18___,” wrote the theorist Edward Sapir.‎ Perusing（研读）the words in Lomas’ collection, at the least, is a means of meditating on ways that we can feel good. When asked for one of his favorites, the psychologist lists the German Fernweh, which describes a ___19___ to travel to distant lands, a kind of homesickness for the unexplored. Also delightful is the Danish morgenfrisk, describing the satisfaction one gets from a good night’s sleep, and the Latin otium, ___20___ the joy of being in control of one’s own time.‎ ‎【答案】11. ABC ‎ ‎12. AB 13. A ‎ ‎14. B 15. C ‎ ‎16. D 17. CD ‎ ‎18. AD 19. AC ‎ ‎20. BC ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习新单词的独特乐趣。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：东伦敦大学(University of East London)积极心理学高级讲师蒂姆·洛马斯(Tim Lomas)则从事相反的工作，他分析了他能找到的所有类型的幸福感。根据句意可推出是analyze“分析”，此处与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故选ABC。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：具体地说，洛马斯试图通过收集那些描述快乐感受的不可翻译的英语词语来揭示心理学上的洞察力。根据句意可推出是uncover“发现；揭开；揭露”。故选AB。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：具体地说，洛马斯试图通过收集那些描述快乐感受的不可翻译的英语词语来揭示心理学上的洞察力。根据句意可推出是term“术语，词语”。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：还有Creole tabanca形容被所爱之人抛弃的苦乐参半的感觉。根据句意可推出是bittersweet“苦乐参半的；又苦又甜的”，修饰feeling。故答案为bittersweet。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：人们对不可译词着迷，部分原因是这些词很有用:不然我们怎么能谈论幸灾乐祸带来的罪恶快感呢？根据句意可推出是guilty“有罪的；内疚的”，修饰pleasure。故选C。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：但洛马斯也把它们看作是向我们展示“生活方式的新可能性”的一种方式，把它们描述为邀请人们去体验以前可能“对他们隐藏起来”的快乐现象，或者去陶醉于他们以前无法命名的感觉。根据句意可推出是name“命名”。故选D。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：长期以来，语言学家一直在争论，我们所说的语言(部分由地理和气候等因素决定)在多大程度上限制了我们的思想能力或行动能力。根据句意可推出是determine“决定；断定”，由空后by可知，此处使用过去分词，表被动。故选CD。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：不同社会生活的词汇是不同的世界，而不仅仅是贴上不同标签的同一个世界，”理论家爱德华•萨皮尔(Edward Sapir)写道。根据句意可推出是attach“贴上”，此处与labels是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动。故选AD。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他的最爱之一时，这位心理学家列举了德国的Fernweh，它描述了一种想去遥远国度旅行的渴望，一种对未知世界的思乡之情。根据句意可推出是动名词longing“渴望”。故选AC。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：丹麦语morgenfrisk也令人愉快，它描述的是一个人一夜好眠的满足感，拉丁语otium强调的是控制自己时间的喜悦。根据句意可推出是highlight“突出；强调”,此处与the Latin otium是逻辑主谓关系，应使现在分词，表主动。故选BC。‎ Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighborhood arrive at their college classes on time.‎ A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___21___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___22___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___23___ an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s ___24___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students even call him “Grandpa”.‎ Tina Stern ___25___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___26___. “It’s not just a ride: you’re not just sitting there in ___27___ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll ___28___ those things.”‎ Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the ___29___ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes ____30____ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.‎ Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ____31____ to buy them a meal.‎ For many students, Willson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely ____32____ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to ____33____ vehicles with parents ‎ who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education -- but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ____34____. “I just love driving and I love these kids,” Wilson said. “It’s such a(n) ____35____ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”‎ ‎21. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing ‎22. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering ‎23. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered ‎24. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. greeted ‎25. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded ‎26. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication ‎27. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious ‎28. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on ‎29. A. club B. league C. college D. programme ‎30. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards ‎31. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates ‎32. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate ‎33. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange ‎34. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment ‎35. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience ‎【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了76岁的Paul Wilson给大学生免费搭车的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：76岁的Wilson是一名退休工程师，在过去8年里，他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。A. linking联系；B. sending发送；C. offering主动提供；D. distributing分配。根据空后free rides to college students for the past eight years可知，Wilson一直主动为大学生提供免费乘车服务。offer sth. to sb.“给某人提供某物”。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：自他第一次开始自愿用他的车为年轻人服务以来……。A. donating捐赠；B. lending借给；C. delivering传送；D. volunteering自愿。根据上文A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___1___ free rides to college students for the past eight years.可知，他自愿用他的车为年轻人服务。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：Wilson已经走过了令人惊讶的64000英里，与他接送的学生们进行了无数愉快而又常常幽默的交谈。A. paved铺；B. covered覆盖，走了……路程；C. measured测量；D. wandered徘徊。根据空后an astonishing 64,000 miles可知，此处指“走了……路程”。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：他开车送过的学生后来成为了医生、教师和工程师，但他们在学校的时光也让他们在威尔逊身上找到了榜样和朋友。A. met遇见；B. driven开车送某人；C. addressed提出；D. greeted打招呼。根据上文Wilson has ___3___ an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.可知，此处指“被他开车送过的学生”。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：Tina Stern在大学四年里一直由Wilson接送，这些旅行对她来说不仅仅是免费的运送（服务）。A. earned挣得；B. received收到，受到；C. assessed评估；D. demanded要求。作为免费搭车者应当是“接受”了这种服务。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：Tina Stern在大学四年里一直由Wilson 接送，这些旅行对她来说不仅仅是免费的运送（服务）。A. transportation运输，运送；B. style方式，样式；C. time时间；D. communication交流。根据上文Tina Stern ___5___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college可知，此处指“运送（服务）。”。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：Stern说：“这不仅仅是一次搭乘，你也不仅仅是坐在那里尴尬地沉默着或者戴着耳机。”A. forced强迫的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. ridiculous可笑的；D. suspicious可疑的。坐在车里彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他会问你问题，并记住答案，所以下次你搭车时，他会核实那些东西。A. act on对……起作用；B. settle on选择，选定；C. check on检查，核实；D. agree on同意。根据空后those things可知，此处指“核查那些东西”。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：虽然该项目只要求会员开车接送学生上下课，但为了确保学生的福利和安全，威尔逊经常做得更多。A. club俱乐部；B. league联盟，社团；C. college大学；D. programme计划，方案。根据上文Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College.可知，此处指“这个学生支持项目”。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：虽然该项目只要求会员开车接送学生上下课，但为了确保学生的福利和安全，威尔逊经常做得更多。A. far远；B. around周围；C. beyond超越；D. forwards向前。go beyond超过，越过，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：如果一个学生在往返学校的长途车程中饿了，Wilson会毫不犹豫地给他们买一顿饭。A. expects期待；B. attempts试图；C. manages完成，管理；D. hesitates犹豫，迟疑。根据上文If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.可知，Wilson非常热心地帮助学生，因此如果有学生在往返学校的长途车程中饿了，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故选D。‎ ‎32题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：对许多学生来说，Wilson 的帮助不仅令他们感激，也是他们完成大学教育必不可少的。A. extra额外的；B. unusual不同寻常的；C. necessary必要的；D. adequate足够的。根据下文For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education -- but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the ___14___.可知，Wilson的帮助也是他们完成大学教育必不可少的。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：一些学生没有一辆可靠的车，而另一些学生不得不与每周工作6天的父母共用车辆。A. share共享，分享；B. fuel加油；C. repair修理；D. exchange交换。根据空后vehicles with parents who work six days a week可知，此处指“一些没有可靠车的学生不得不与父母共用车辆”。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：对他们来说，由Wilson搭载能够使他们完成学业——但据Wilson说，他也从这样的经历中受益匪浅。A. experience经历；B. arrangement安排；C. appreciation欣赏；D. employment雇用。根据语境可知，此处指“开车接送学生的这些经历”。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：能成为这些孩子生活的一部分是一种荣耀，哪怕只是几个小时，去了解他们，听他们的故事。A. effort努力；B. ambition雄心；C. privilege荣耀；D. convenience方便。根据上文I just love driving and I love these kids可知，Willson认为能成为这些孩子生活的一部分是一种荣耀。故选C。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ A The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.‎ In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonable sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting ‎ him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him. “Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.‎ The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away -- for example, because he owns a house and has a family -- he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail（保释金）. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.‎ The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty（认罪）or not guilty.‎ At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted（宣判有罪的）person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation（缓刑）.‎ The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.‎ ‎36. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.‎ B. The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.‎ C. Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.‎ D. The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.‎ ‎37. According to the passage, ‘he can go free’ (para. 3) means _________.‎ A. the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him B. the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent C. the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not D. the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial ‎38. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?‎ A. To pay for the judge and the trial.‎ B. To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.‎ C. To ensure that the suspect will return to court.‎ D. To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.‎ ‎39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. The American justice system sometimes operates slowly B. The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.‎ C. It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.‎ D. The jury considers the evidence in the court room.‎ ‎【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国的法院制度。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.（美国法院制度的目的是保护人民的权利）及最后一段中的The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people.（美国的司法系统非常复杂，有时运行缓慢。然而，每一步都是为了保护人民的权利）可知，本篇文章主要介绍了美国的法院制度，它的目的是保护人民的权利。故选B。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels ‎ that he will return to court rather than run away -- for example, because he owns a house and has a family -- he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail（保释金）.（法官决定嫌疑犯是应该被关在监狱里还是应该被释放。如果嫌疑人之前没有犯罪记录，法官认为他会回到法庭而不是逃跑——例如，因为他有房子和家庭——他可以自由。否则，嫌疑人必须提供保释金）可知，he can go free意味着“嫌疑犯不必在监狱里等待，也不必付钱，直到他接受审判”。故选D。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away -- for example, because he owns a house and has a family -- he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail（保释金）.（如果嫌疑人之前没有犯罪记录，法官认为他会回到法庭而不是逃跑——例如，因为他有房子和家庭——他可以自由。否则，嫌疑人必须提供保释金）可推知，嫌疑人交保释金是为了确保他能再次回到法庭。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly.（美国的司法系统非常复杂，有时运行缓慢）可知，美国的司法系统有时运行缓慢。故选A。‎ B This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents’ homes, sleep-away camps and life guard stands. But summer vacation hasn’t always been a birth right of U.S. school children. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.‎ In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break：it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced ‎ doctors’ concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.‎ But people’s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习) or study, there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.‎ ‎40. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?‎ A Enjoy a summer vacation.‎ B. Take a break each quarter.‎ C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.‎ D. Assist their parents with farm work.‎ ‎41. What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?‎ A. They introduced summer vacation.‎ B. They shortened rural school terms.‎ C. They promoted the study of farming.‎ D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.‎ ‎42 Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?‎ A. It pushes the teachers too hard. B. It reduces the quality of education.‎ C. It ignores science instruction. D. It includes no time for internships.‎ ‎【答案】40. D 41. A 42. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文，介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Rural(农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。故选D。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern……Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007.可知，针对现在的美国学年，根据2007年发表的两份国际教育报告，美国高中学生的数学能力和毕业率远低于平均水平的现状，一些专家认为慵懒的暑假降低了教育质量。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：‎ ‎1. 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国学校假期设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。‎ ‎2. 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。‎ ‎3. 将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1考查内战前农村校历设立的目的。根据第一段Rural (农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。小题2考查1840s教育改革的内容，根据第二段In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern……Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，也就是引进了暑假。‎ C Although women get angry just as often as men, rage remains the prototypical male emotion. “My kids still talk about my ‘freak-outs,’” says Kim Garretson, 54, a corporate strategist in Minneapolis, who once erupted into volcanic fury; in a restaurant when served a still-frozen entree.” I didn’t express much of anything, but once in a while, I’d just blow.”‎ Why do so many men lose their tempers? “The rage comes because there’s so much frustration when you cut off something that is you. Yet that’s what men do, because they’re afraid that if you give emotions an inch, they’ll take a mile.” says psychologist Kenneth W. Christian, PhD, author of Your Own Worst Enemy. If you don’t learn how to work with your emotions, you’re a shadow figure, a small incomplete version of yourself. It’s only a matter of time until the house of cards that you are falls apart.”‎ For Kim Garretson, that day came four years ago when he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. As often happens when illness strikes men, he realized he had nothing to lose, and everything to gain, by letting himself feel. “I’m no longer afraid of expressing almost any emotion,” he says. “I get anger out with my quick, sharp tongue and move on. I use humor as an outlet, I’ve reconnected with old friends. I talk about the big questions of life. I search for spiritual meaning.”‎ Guys, Try These In his Dirty Harry days, Clint Eastwood never flinched（退缩）. Now as a husband, father and Oscar-winning director of movies that explore the depths of men’s souls, the tough guy has turned tender -- but not talkative. “The men who hide their emotions the most may; in fact be the most sensitive,” observes Christian. Yet men can become more emotionally expressive without tears or fears. Here are some ways to start;‎ Develop a creative outlet. Hobbies like painting or playing a musical instrument can tap into a man’s soul. Remember that much of the world’s greatest art, music and literature was created by the allegedly emotionally challenged sex.‎ Release stress and anger through exercise. “When you get to the breaking point ‎ where you just want to put your head through a wall, taking a ten-minute time-out isn’t enough to calm down.,” says Westover, who in moments of extreme emotion finds a place to drop to the floor and do push-ups.‎ Try expressing “ a little” emotion. “Start with feelings you can control, find a sympathetic ear and use the term ‘a little,’” suggests Coleman, Saying you feel “a little” sad or “a little” scared feels safer than a full declaration of vulnerability.‎ Lean into the discomfort. “Rather than avoiding a feeling that you’re not sure how to handle, move toward it,” says psychologist Travis Bradbury, PhD, co-author of The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book. “Learning to handle emotions takes time and practice, because you need to retrain your brain, but it does get easier.”‎ ‎43. Kim Garretson a 54-year-old corporate strategist, once got very angry when ________.‎ A. diagnosed with lung cancer B. given a take musical instrument C. dragged into a mountainous trip D. served cold food in a restaurant ‎44. “They’ll take a mile.” (para. 2), ‘they’ refers to ________.‎ A. psychologists B. cards C. emotions D. friends ‎45. If you fail to learn how to work with your emotions, _________.‎ A. you will sooner or later break down B. you will be an active figure in shadow boxing C. you will be afraid of expressing almost any emotion D. you will spend more time searching for spiritual meaning ‎46. What main idea is discussed in the passage?‎ A How to develop your emotions. B. How to check your emotions.‎ C. How to handle your emotions. D. How to express your emotions.‎ ‎【答案】43. D 44. C 45. A 46. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了人们应该如何控制自己的情绪。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My kids still talk about my ‘freak-outs,’” says Kim Garretson, 54, a corporate strategist in Minneapolis, who once erupted into volcanic fury; in a restaurant when served a still-frozen entree.”（“我的孩子们还在谈论我的那些‘怪癖’，”54岁的金·加勒森说，他是明尼阿波利斯的一名企业战略家，有一次，他在一家餐馆里吃到一份仍然冰冻着的主菜时，勃然大怒）可知，54岁的金•加勒森有一次在餐馆里吃到冷菜时非常生气。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Yet that’s what men do, because they’re afraid that if you give emotions an inch, they’ll take a mile.（然而，这正是男人所做的，因为他们害怕如果你给感情一英寸，它们就要一英里）可推知，They’ll take a mile中的they指的是本句中的emotions。故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you don’t learn how to work with your emotions, you’re a shadow figure, a small incomplete version of yourself. It’s only a matter of time until the house of cards that you are falls apart.（如果你不学会如何处理你的情绪，你就是一个影子，一个不完整的你。你所处的纸牌屋分崩离析只是时间问题）可推知，如果你不学会如何处理你的情绪，你迟早会崩溃。故选A。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Learning to handle emotions takes time and practice, because you need to retrain your brain, but it does get easier.（学会处理情绪需要时间和练习，因为你需要重新训练你的大脑，但它确实变得更容易了）可知，本文只要介绍了人们应该如何控制自己的情绪。故选C。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ The problem of robocalls has become so severe that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem b y supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. _____47_____ Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.‎ That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to receptionist and book a reservation without detection.‎ ‎____48____ The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and cark number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. _____49_____.‎ We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. ____50____ That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications -- using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.‎ Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.‎ A. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.‎ B. There are many challenges in robotics that need to be addressed in order to solve the voice manipulation and assembly problems.‎ C. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.‎ D. It’s high time that the government should spare no effort to tackle the problem immediately.‎ AB. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.‎ AC. Those developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.‎ ‎【答案】47. C 48. AC ‎ ‎49. A 50. AB ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章指出语音操作于自动化技术的出现，使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据下文Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.（很快你也会质疑你听到的声音是否是真的）可知，C项In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.（在不久的将来，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑），符合文意。其中also是解题关键。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据上文At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to receptionist and book a reservation without detection.（在今年的I/O大会上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生如此令人信服的人声，以至于它能够在不被察觉的情况下与接待员通话并预订房间）可知，技术的发展会让自动电话问题变得更糟。AC项Those developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.（那些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更糟），符合文意。故选AC。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据上文A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.‎ ‎（许多业务仍然是通过电话完成的，其中许多是基于信任和现有的关系）可知，骗子使用语音操纵技术进行行骗，会削弱人与人之间的信任关系。A项Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.（语音操纵技术可能会逐渐削弱这一点），符合文意。故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据下文That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications -- using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.（这可能意味着，要么开发一种统一的方式来标记视频和图像，显示它们是何时、由谁制作的，要么完全放弃电话，转向基于数据的通信——使用FaceTime或WhatsApp等可以与你的身份绑定的应用程序）可知，解决电信网络的不安全问题需要电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力。AB项Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.（电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力，找到确定和沟通什么是真实的方法），符合文意。故选AB。‎ Ⅳ. Summary Writing ‎51.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.‎ Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.‎ So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push ‎ themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”‎ Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ ‎【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，‎ ‎1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。‎ ‎2. ‎ 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。‎ ‎3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。‎ ‎ ‎