【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld教案设计（14页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld教案设计（14页）

Unit 1 Festivals around the world教案设计 Teaching goals ‎1. To help students learn to talk about festivals ‎2. To help students learn to read festivals and celebrations. ‎ ‎3. To help students learn to make phone calls, invitations and express “thanks”‎ ‎4. To help students learn to use some important words and expressions ‎5. To help students identify examples of “The modal verbs” in the text Topic Festivals; how festivals began; how festivals are celebrated Vocabulary beauty, harvest, celebration, starve, origin, religious, ancestor, Mexico, feast, bone, belief, trick, poet, arrival, gain, independence, independent, gather, agriculture, agricultural, award, rooster, admire, energetic, Easter, clothing, Christian, custom, worldwide, fool, permission, parking, apologize, drown, sadness, obvious, wipe, weep, remind, forgive Expressions ‎ take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, parking lot, turn up , keep one’s word, hold one’s breath, set off, remind --- of---‎ Function 1. Making phone calls: May I speak to ---? Can I ring/ call back later? Hold / Hang on, please. I’ll ring him/ her up again. Just a moment, please. Sorry, he / she isn’t here right now. ‎ 2. Invitations: I wonder if you are inerested in--- I’d like to invite you to --- Would you like---? Could/ Would you please ---? I’m looking forward to--- I’d love to, but----‎ 3. Thanks: Thank you so much. Thanks a lot. That’s very kind of you. You’re most welcome. Don’t mention it. It’s a pleasure. ‎ Grammar The modal verbs (can,could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t)‎ Teaching Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Period One Procedure Step1 Warming up ‎ ‎⑴Warming up by Brainstorming holidays around the world.‎ ‎⑵Warming up by guessing which picture matches with which festival.‎ ‎⑶Warming up by discussing and listing ‎ Students are required to work in groups and list three more Chinese festivals that they know. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. Then tell the group which festival is his/ her favourite and why. ‎ Step 2 Pre-reading ‎ Discussing and answering Ask students to discuss and answer the two questions on P1‎ ‎1) It is intended to help students bring their personal experience into the discussion of festivals. ‎ ‎2) Students are directed to predict the content of the reading passage, based on the title and pictures.‎ Step 3 Reading ‎ ‎1.Skimming ‎ Ask students to read the Ex1 on P3, have them understand four kinds of festivals, and then ask them to skim the reading passage. After reading, ask the whole class to fill the first line of the chart together. Then get them to finish the chart by themselves. At last, have three students tell the class his/ her answers. ‎ ‎2. Scanning for the detailed information ‎1) Ask students to Scan the passage and finish the true and false exercise. ‎ 1. The ancient people needn’t worry about their food. F 2. Halloween used to be a festival intended to honour the dead. T 3. Qu Yuan was a great poet who people honour a lot in China. T 4. Mid-autumn Festival is held to celebrate the end of autumn. F 5. Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus. F ‎2)Ask students to scan the passage again to find out the answers to the first three questions of the Ex2 on P3. And then ask one student to answer the questions and check with the whole class. ‎ Suggested answers:‎ ‎1.Festivals of the dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancesters ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people. ‎ ‎2.Auturn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food is ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished. ‎ ‎3. At spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring. ‎ ‎3. Discussion (group work)‎ Ask students to discuss Question 4 and 5 in Ex2 on P3.‎ Question‎------‎ ‎----‎ enjoy life Reasons to festivals and celebrations 4‎ forget our work for a little while ‎---‎ Be proud of our customs ‎ ‎ Question 5‎ The similarities:‎ ① The Chinese, Japanese and Mexican festivals of the dead all have customs to honour the dead.‎ ② The Chinese and Japanese go to clean their ancestors’ graves, and the Mexicans offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.‎ The Difference: ‎ ‎ The Mexicans eat special food that looks like bones, something the Chinese and Japanese do not do. ‎ Step 4. Post reading ‎1. Summarize and fill in the chart Ancient Festivals why the end of the cold winter;planting in spring and harvest in autumn ‎ how light fire and make music ‎ Festivals of the dead why to honour the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors how light lamps, play music, eat food in the shapes of skulls and cakes with bones, go to their neighbors to ask for sweets,dress up ‎ Festivals to honour people why for their great contributions to the societyor the country how Dragon boat racing, eat zongzi Harvest Festivals why Food is gathered for the winter. A season of agricultural work is over.‎ how decorate churches and town halls, get together to have big meals, admire the moon and eat mooncakes Spring Festivals why celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring how eat delicious food; have exciting carnivals ‎2. Ex4 on P3‎ Have students discuss in pairs which kinds of festival they think are the most important and which are the most fun.‎ Period Two & Period Three Language focus ‎1. be meant to : 应该, 得要，必须, 应做 You are meant to leave a tip. 你得留下小费。‎ I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。‎ I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day.‎ 星期日我本应工作的，但却闲混了一整天。‎ 辨析：mean doing 与mean to do ‎ ‎1）mean doing “意味着（必须要做某事或导致某种结果）”，其主语通常是指事物的词。如：‎ Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，就意味着你要努力学习 Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。‎ ‎2）mean to do “本意要做某事”，主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其否定形式表示“无意做某事”，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”‎ What do you mean to do with it?你打算把它怎样处理？‎ We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。‎ Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.‎ ‎＂对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。＂‎ Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it. ‎ 打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手；她无意弄坏它。‎ I'm sorry I hurt you: I didn't mean to.‎ 对不起，我弄伤了你；我不是故意的。‎ He had meant to leave on Sunday, but has stayed on. ‎ 他本来想星期天走的，但又留了下来。‎ ‎2. celebrate vt.‎ ‎(1)  庆祝；祝贺 celebrate Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory ‎(2)   赞扬；称颂 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.‎ 词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合 congratulate后常接人 表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth. ‎ ex：congratulate you on your marriage. ‎ 有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。‎ ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished. ‎ ‎3. take place/ happen/ occur/ come about, break out 区别 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。‎ ‎1) take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思 The wedding will take place tomorrow.‎ In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. ‎ 但take place偶尔也可以用来表示偶然发生的事情。如：‎ The accident took place only a block from their home. ‎ 事故发生的地方离他们家只有一个街区的距离。‎ ‎2）happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。‎ What has happened to her？‎ It happened to rain that day. ‎ ‎3）occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用.‎ The traffic accident occurred / happened on Wednesday.‎ That plane crash occurred only minutes after take-off.‎ 空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。‎ Didn't it occur to you that he was lying? 你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？‎ 但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换 ‎4) come about “发生”, 常指偶然发生的事情。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近 ‎ How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的?‎ How did it come about that he knew where we were? ‎ 他是怎么知道我们在什麽地方的呢？‎ How does it come about that you were caught by the police? ‎ ‎5) break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发 The Second World War broke out in 1939.‎ His face broke out in a rash. 他的脸上突然长满了皮疹。‎ ‎4. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.‎ 最古老的节日是庆祝寒冷季节的结束、春种和秋收。‎ would在句中表示过去经常做某事或者过去的某种习惯，是“常，有……的习惯”的意思。如：‎ He would lose the key whenever she went out alone. ‎ 他一个人出去时，总是把钥匙弄丢。‎ 辨析：would与used to ‎1）两者都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯的动作，常常可以互换。如：‎ He used to/ would spend every penny he earned on books.‎ 过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。‎ ‎2）used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，着重现在与过去的对比，would只能与表示动作的动词连用，不与表示状态和意识的动词连用；would表示有可能再发生。如：‎ People used to believe that the earth was flat.‎ 过去人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已经不再这样认为）‎ He would go to the park as soon as he was free.‎ 过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能还去）‎ ‎5. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find especially during the cold winter months. ‎ 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬季，人们就会挨饿。‎ ‎1） starve: suffer or die from hunger （v.）‎ Millions of people starved to deathduring the war.战争中数百万人饿死了。‎ ‎2）be starved of / starve for sth.；starve sb of sth : long for; be in great need of （使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏 starve for news渴望消息 She's lonely, and starving for companionship(friendship).‎ 她很寂寞,渴望友谊。‎ The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for love. ‎ 失去母亲的孩子渴望得到爱。‎ ‎3）感觉很饿。to feel very hungry. 仅用于进行时态。如：‎ When will dinner be ready? I’m starving.‎ 晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。‎ n. starvation die of starvation 饿死 ‎2）food was difficult to find的to find为动词不定式，作状语，修饰表语形容词difficult，并且find与主语之间构成动宾关系，主动形式表示被动含义。如：‎ Habits are easy to make but hard to break. 习惯养成容易戒掉难。‎ The water is fit to drink.这水适合饮用。‎ 修饰宾语补足语形容词时候也是一样的，如：‎ I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。‎ That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。‎ ‎6. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. ‎ 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。‎ 句中的to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors是不定式作目的状语。后边跟了一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰ancestors。‎ a. honour ‎1) 光荣，荣誉(n) ‎ ‎ They fight for the honour of the country.‎ ‎ One must show honour to one’s parents.‎ ‎2) in honour of 为了纪念 ‎ A festival is set in honour of the hero.‎ ‎3) an honour 光荣的人或事情 ‎ Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.‎ ‎4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v） ‎ ‎ Children should honour their parents.‎ b. satisfy vt. & vi. 使满意，使满足 Nothing can satisfy him except the best.‎ Some people are really hard to satisfy.‎ sb.be satisfied with 对…满意 e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.‎ ‎ satisfying satisfactory c.do harm 损害；危害；伤害。多与to搭配使用，表示“对……有害处”。类似短语还有do good to sb. 对某人有好处；do damage to对……构成破坏 Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。‎ The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good. ‎ 他们的治疗反而使他的病更重。‎ Doing morning exercises will do good to our health. ‎ 做早操对我们的健康有好处。‎ ‎7. in memory of = to the memory of sb 为了纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.‎ We named the lake Rebecca in memory of her.‎ 为了纪念她, 我们把这个湖命名为“丽贝卡”。‎ 拓展：in honor of in search of sb. / sth. ‎ ‎8.On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。‎ ‎1）in the shape of呈现某种形状；以某种形状 如：‎ The shells on the sand were placed in the shape of the letters PKU.‎ 贝壳摆放在沙地上组成字母PKU。‎ Tom’s birthday cake was in the shape of a train. ‎ 汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。‎ ‎2) with “bones” on them.是with的复合结构 with ＋名词或代词＋现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；介词短语；名词 Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep with the lamp burning. ‎ She felt nervous, with so many eyes fixed on her. ‎ Frank stared at her friend, with his mouth open. ‎ He stood before his teacher, with his head down. ‎ With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well. ‎ The old man stood there, with his back against the wall. ‎ He died, with his daughter yet a little girl. ‎ ‎9. They offer food, flowers and gift…. ‎ 词语辨析：offer, provide, supply ‎ offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sth provide供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）‎ provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.‎ supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth When I meet difficulty, my roommates will offer me help. ‎ 他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。‎ They offered a reward for the return of the lost jewels. ‎ 政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。 ‎ The government need to provide these old people with food and clothes. ‎ 每个月都得供应足够的电。 ‎ Electricity should be supplied enough every month. ‎ ‎10. dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮 You don’t have to dress up. Come as you are.‎ 用不著穿讲究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服来吧。‎ Children love dressing up in Halloween.‎ She wears a beautiful evening dress. n. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。‎ She always dresses in black. vi. 她总穿着黑衣服。‎ She hurriedly dressed the child and took him downstairs. vt.‎ 她匆忙给孩子穿好衣服，把他带下楼来。‎ She is dressed in red. 她穿着红衣服。‎ ‎11. play tricks / a trick on sb. 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 These children loved playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们喜欢捉弄老师。‎ That was an unfair trick to play on her. 跟她开那样的玩笑太不好了。‎ The boy hid Jone’s bike jto play a trick on him. ‎ 孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。 ‎ ‎12. 辨析：gather与collect ‎ gather是最概括的说法，因此也是应用最广泛的。collect通常可与gather互换。如：‎ A teacher will collect / gather the examination papers at the end of the hour. ‎ 教师将于一小时之后收考卷。‎ Tears collected/ gathered in her eyes. 她眼中含泪。‎ 但是通常colect指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西，以变成有组织的整体的一部分。如：‎ The department collects information on education reform.‎ 这个部门搜集有关教育改革的信息。‎ collect antiques 搜集古物 collect stamps 集邮 ‎13. award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 ……‎ She showed us the awards she had won.‎ Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.‎ vt. 授予……裁定……award sb sth= award sth to sb ‎ The judges awarded both teams equal points. reward 回报,报 ‎14．admire sb/sth (for …) 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 ‎ We all admired her for the way she saved the children from the fire. ‎ 她把孩子们从大火中救出来，我们都钦佩不已。‎ ‎ I admire him for his success in business.‎ 我们对他在商业上取得的成功羡慕不已。‎ admirer n. 赞赏者 ‎ admiring adj. 赞赏的，钦佩的 admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 ‎15.look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待 I’m looking forward to his coming.‎ ‎--ward 向着…方向 backward 向后 forward 向前 辨析：look forward to与expect look forward to作“盼望，期望”解，常用于表示愉快或满足的心情，期望或向往某事。to 为介词，故接动词时应使用动名词。如：‎ We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. ‎ 我们期盼着不久再次见面。‎ expect 作“期待，期望”解，侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。可接名词、不定式、不定式的复合结构以及宾语从句。如：‎ I never expected his coming/ help.我从未期待过他的到来或帮助。‎ He expected that he could get there on time. 他希望能按时到达那里。‎ She expects to come back next week. 她预计下个星期回来。‎ I expect him to come. 我盼望他来。‎ ‎16．辨析：clothing ，clothes与 dress ‎1) clothes的意思是“衣服”，意指全身衣服的各个部分，故永远用复数形式，它是个不可数名词，前面不可以用不定冠词，也不能用数词修饰，但可以被many，those和these等词修饰。所指的往往是比较具体的衣物。如：‎ My wife has folded my clothes and put them in the drawer.‎ 我妻子已把我的衣服叠好并放在抽屉里了。‎ ‎2）clothing意为“衣着”，意指衣服的整体而言，它是衣服的总称，统指男女老少各式各样的衣物。是不可数名词，永远用单数形式；如同clothes一样，不可以和数词或不定冠词连用。如：‎ They do not have enough warm clothing for the winter.‎ 他们没有足够的过冬衣服。‎ 注意：‎ ‎“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes; “一件衣服”是an article of clothing,这里的suit和article不能互换使用，但warm clothing也可以说成warm clothes。分别是前者泛指，后者是具体的。‎ ‎3) dress 作可数名词时，指的是连衣裙、上下连身的女装或童装；作不可数名词时，指的是男女均可的衣服（尤指外衣）。如：‎ She makes all the dresses for her daughter.她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。‎ She wears a beautiful evening dress. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。‎ He doesn’t care much about dress.他不太注重衣着。‎ casual dress 便服 ‎17. as though= as if 好像，仿佛 1） 虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)‎ He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.‎ He talks as if/though he knew everything.‎ He looks as if he were ill.‎ ‎2）陈述语气表(示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)‎ It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.‎ Period Four Teaching goals To help students understand and use the modal verbs.‎ Step 1 The use of can and could ‎1. Show students three sentences and ask them to complete the sentences with modal verbs.Then have them discuss the reasons why they choose them. ‎ ‎______ you offer me some kind of job?‎ ‎______ you help me?‎ ‎______ I use your pen?‎ ‎2. Show students another four sentences and ask them to complete and discuss again as before.‎ ‎_______ you ride a bike?‎ ‎_______ I help you? ‎ How _______ you say that?‎ ‎_______ he be at home? ‎ ‎3. Ask some students to tell the whole class what and why they choose the modal verbs to complete the sentences.‎ ‎4. Help students to find out the six funtions of the modal verbs: can and could.‎ Could you offer me some kind of job?(request)‎ Can you help me? (request)‎ Can(May) I use your pen? (request) ‎ Can you ride a bike? (ability)‎ Can I help you? (offering help)‎ How could you say that? (blaming)‎ Can he be at home? (possibility)‎ Step 2 The use of may and might May I come in ? (request) ‎ You may go now. (permission)‎ ‎--I believe the man is from England. ‎ ‎--But I may be wrong. (possibility)‎ The guest may arrive this afternoon. (possibility)‎ May you have a good journey! (wish)‎ She said that he might take her bike. (permission)‎ She might go home tomorrow. (possibility)‎ Might I have a word with you? (permission)‎ May we see the awards for the teams? (permission; request)‎ Step3 The use of will and would Will you tell her that I'm here? (request)‎ If you want help - let me know, will you? (request)‎ Won't you sit down? (request)‎ Would you help us, please? (request)‎ I’d go there with you. (promise)‎ Teacher wouldn’t allow it. (permission) ‎ The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement)‎ Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.‎ ‎(past habit; custom)‎ Step 4 The use of shall and should Shall we go by train, Mom? (permission; request)‎ I shall go at once. (determination)‎ The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise)‎ You should keep your promise. (responsibility)‎ You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)‎ Step 5 The use of must and can’t ‎ We must all die. (inevitability) 必然性 ‎ You must get up early. (enforcement; responsibility) 强制或者义务 We mustn’t waste our time. (forbiddance)‎ It must be eleven o’clock now. (prediction)‎ If Mary didn’t leave here until five o’clock, she can’t be home yet. (guessing)‎ ‎---- May I take this magazine out? ---- No, you mustn’t. (forbiddance)‎ He must be crazy. (guessing)‎ Step6 Check the exercises on Page5‎ Step7 Take a quiz on the modal verbs ‎1.. ----____ I go out to play, mum?‎ ‎ ----No, you___. You should do your homework first.‎ ‎ A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not ‎ C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t ‎2. ---Where is Emma?‎ ‎ ---I can’t say for sure where she is, but she___ be out shopping.‎ ‎ A. can B. should C. must D. may ‎3. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.‎ ‎ A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be ‎ C. may have been D. would be ‎ 4. How____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you ‎ ‎ have covered only part of the article?‎ ‎ A. can B. must C. need D. may ‎5. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have ‎ ‎ practised a lot in the driving school.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t Keys: BDAAC Period Five Step 1. Skimming Have students read three questions in the Ex1 on Page 7, and then read the passage as quickly as possible. ‎ Step 2 Pair work Discuss the questions in group of two and then write down their answers on their exercise book.‎ Step3 Discussion ‎ Discuss the questions with the whole class, and encourage them to explain their reasons. And teacher can offer students some more questions about the text. ‎ ‎1) Why is the story of Zhinü and Niulang called a Chinese Valentine’s story? ‎ ‎2) Do you think Li Fang is sure about his love for Hu Jin?‎ ‎3) If you were Li Fang, what would you have done when HuJin didn’t turn up?‎ ‎4) If you were hu Jin, what would you do?‎ ‎5) According to the story you read, will it have a happy ending or a sad one? Why ?‎ Step4 Writing Ask students to read the story about Li Fang again. Try to write down the ending to the story. Students can use the hints on Page 8 to help them to prepare for writing. ‎ Step5 Language focus. ‎ ‎1. turn up 1) 出现；露面 He's still hoping something (eg a job or a piece of good luck) will turn up.‎ 他仍在期待机会出现（如得到工作或好运）.‎ We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up.‎ 我们请她吃饭她都不露面.‎ ‎2）旋大（灯火、煤气）；开大（收音机、电视机）音量 I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? ‎ 收音机我听不太清楚, 你把声音开大点行吗?‎ ‎3）发生（情况）；（财政、商业）好转、上升 I’ll meet you on Friday unless anything special turns up.‎ 我星期五和你见面，除非发生特殊情况。‎ We don’t know what may turn up tomorrow. ‎ 我们不知道明天会发生什么情况。‎ ‎2. keep her word keep one’s word/ promise遵守诺言 break one’s word食言；失信 say a word for 为……说好话 have words with与……吵嘴、争论 eat one’s words收回前言、食言 have a word in one’s ear和……耳语 weigh one’s words推敲或掂量某人的话 in a / one word总而言之 in other words换句话说 on/ with the word一说完就 ‎3. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.‎ 他不想心平气和地等她来道歉，他要用咖啡来解愁。‎ ‎ 1）breath n. [ breθ ]呼吸,气息 I was out of breath after running for the bus.‎ 我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气。‎ Let's go out for a breath of fresh air. 我们出去吸口新鲜空气吧。‎ The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员在钢丝绳上表演时，观众们屏息观看。‎ breathe vt. &vi. [ bri:ð ]呼吸；低声说 Fish cannot breathe out of water. 鱼离开水就不能呼吸。‎ breathless: [ 'breθlis ] adj.‎ I was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain. ‎ 当我到达山顶上时，我已经上气不接下气了。‎ ‎2) apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪vt. 道歉,谢罪,辩白 apologize也可写成apologise，apologize to sb. (for sth. )(因某事)向某人道歉 Apologize to your sister! 给你姐姐赔个不是!‎ I must apologize for not being able to meet you.‎ 我因为没能接你而向你道歉.‎ You must apologize to your sister for being so rude. ‎ 你太无理了, 必须向你姐姐道歉。‎ ‎ 3) drown ‎ v. 淹死;淹没 The little girl drowned in the river.  小女孩在河里淹死了。‎ It is cruel to drown the cat in the river. 把猫淹死在河里是件残忍的事。‎ The band drowned our conversation. ‎ 乐队的演奏声把我们谈话的声音淹没了。‎ drown --- in 埋头于；浸泡在……里 He decided to drown his sorrow in work. 他决定埋头工作以忘掉悲伤。‎ Don’t drown yourself in drink. It’s no use. 别借酒消愁，这没有用的。‎ ‎4. It is/ was obvious/ clear/ true/ possible/ certain…that…‎ ‎……是明显/清楚/真的/可能/肯定的 这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。句中it作先行代词，代替名词性从句。该结构中的名词性从句可用that, what, when 等引导。如：‎ It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明的。 ‎ It is not certain what caused the accident.还不肯定那个事故是什么引起的。‎ It isn't remotely possible that you will be chosen to go.‎ 挑选你去的可能性并非很小.‎ ‎5. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her mother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. ‎ 看到织女伤心欲绝，王母娘娘决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。‎ ‎1) Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken分词短语在句中作状语，表示原因。有时候也可以作时间或条件状语。如：‎ Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch. ‎ 由于专心读书，他忘记了吃午饭的时间。（原因）‎ Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. ‎ 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。（时间）‎ Reading carefully, you’ll learn something new. ‎ 只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西的。（条件）‎ vi./ vt 应受,值得 to have earned something by good or bad actions or behavior ‎2）由非谓语动词构成的复合词的常见的形式有：‎ a. 名词＋过去分词或动词-ing形式。如：‎ man-made dog-tired English-speaking insect-eating b. 形容词＋动词-ing形式。 如：‎ good-looking bad-looking easy-doing c. 副词＋过去分词。 如：‎ newly-built well-dressed well-skilled highly-qualified ‎6.set off (for)出发、启程（前往某地）‎ One afternoon she set off/ our from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘坐小船从海岸出发，遇到了一场暴风雨。‎ The children set/ out for school. 孩子们上学去了。 ‎ If you want to catch that train we'd better set off for the station immediately. ‎ 如果你想要赶上那班火车的话你最好要立即出发前往车站。‎ set out 着手；开始 set about 开始或出发；着手解决问题 set down 记录；写下 set up 建立；引起；使产生 set an example to 给……树立榜样 set one’s heart on 决心做某事 set sail 扬帆起航 set oneself to do 想做……‎ ‎7. remind ‎ ‎1) remind sb. about sth.= remind sb. to do sth.‎ Will you remind me about the appointment?‎ 请你提醒我不要忘了约会，好吗？‎ Remind me to write to mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。‎ ‎2）remind sb. + 宾语从句 如：‎ Remind me what I shall do. I haven’t used the machine before. ‎ 提醒我该怎么操作，我以前没有用过这种机器。‎ ‎3) remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 Hearing the song always reminds me of a certain night in Shanghai. ‎ 听到这首歌就使我想起在上海的一个晚上。‎ Please remind me again of the interview. ‎ 请再提醒我面试的事情。 ‎ ‎8. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕 We forgave him his mistakes. ‎ I forgave him for stealing the money. ‎ My advice is that it’s best to forgive and forget. ‎ forgivable adj. 可宽恕的，可原谅的 forgiving adj. 宽仁的， 宽大的 forgiveness n. 宽恕，饶恕 ask for forgiveness 请求宽恕 receive forgiveness 受到宽恕 full of forgiveness 富有宽仁之心