2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit12CultureShock同步练习北师大版

2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit12CultureShock同步练习北师大版

Unit 12 Culture Shock 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．tip v．　　　　　　　　　 给小费 n. 小费 ‎2．toast n. 烤面包；祝酒，干杯 ‎3．cheque n. 支票 ‎4．wander vi. 漫游，闲逛 ‎5．laughter n. 笑；笑声 ‎6．anyhow adv. 总之，反正；不管怎样 ‎7．modest adj. 谦虚的；适度的 ‎8．eastern adj. 东方国家的；东部的 ‎9．lift n. 搭车 ‎10．blanket n. 毛毡，毯子 ‎11．parcel n. 邮包，包裹 ‎12．aspect n. 方面 ‎13．broad adj. 各种各样的；广阔的 ‎14．appetite n. 食欲，胃口 ‎15．detective n. 侦探 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．book vt. 预约，预订 ‎2．manners n. 礼貌 ‎3．indicate vt. 表明；表示 ‎4．familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的 ‎5．absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收 ‎6．whisper vi. 低语，耳语 ‎7．owe vt. 欠(情、债等)‎ ‎8．conduct vt. 指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)；实施 ‎9．export vt. 出口，输出 ‎10．contrary adj. 相反的 ‎11．exchange vt. 兑换，交换 32‎ ‎12．request n. 请求 ‎13．attach vt. 喜欢，依恋；系，固定 ‎14．bear vt. 携带；容忍 ‎15．forgive vt. 宽恕，饶恕 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．brief adj.短暂的，简短的→ briefly adv.简要地 ‎2．expectation n. 期待的事物，预期→expect vt. 期待，预料→expected adj. 预期的，预料之中的→expectant adj. 期待的；预期的；期望的 ‎3．majority n. 大半，大多数→major adj. 主要的 vi. 主修 ‎4．reasonable adj. 合理的，正当的→reason n. 理由 v. 推论；劝说→reasonably adv. 合理地；相当地 ‎5．curiously adv. 奇怪地；好奇地→curious adj. 好奇的→curiosity n. 好奇心 ‎6．movement n. 动作；活动→move v. 移动；感动→movable adj. 可移动的 ‎7．cautious adj. 小心翼翼的，谨慎的→caution n. 小心，谨慎 ‎8．injure vt. 伤害→injury n. 伤害，损害→injured adj. 受伤的 ‎9．erupt vi.爆发；喷发→eruption n．爆发 ‎10．belong vi. 适应；属于→belongings n. 所有物；财产 ‎11．addition n. 相加，增加物→add vt. 增加，加，增添；补充说→additional adj. 补充的，额外的，附加的 ‎1.单复数含义不同的名词 ‎①　　　　　　　 ② ‎③ ④ ‎⑤ ⑥ ‎2.“able”后缀形容词荟萃 ‎①reliable　　　　　　　 可信赖的；可靠的 ‎②adjustable 可调节的 ‎③fashionable 时尚的；时髦的 ‎④reasonable 合理的，正当的 ‎⑤adaptable 适合的；能适应的 ‎⑥sociable 随和的，好交际的 ‎⑦acceptable 可接受的 32‎ ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．give...a__lift　　　　　　　 让……搭车 ‎2．see...off 给(某人)送行 ‎3．belong__to 属于 ‎4．insist__on__doing__sth. 坚决要求做某事 ‎5．stare__at 盯着看 ‎6．be__attached__to 依附于……‎ ‎7．take...seriously 严肃地看待……‎ ‎8．in__poor__condition 状况不好 ‎9．be__sensitive__to 对……敏感 ‎10．get__used__to 习惯于 ‎11．at__least 至少 ‎12．contrary__to 与……相反 ‎13．put/bring...to__an__end 结束……‎ ‎1.“v.＋on”短语大集合 ‎①depend on　 　　 依赖，依靠 ‎②insist on 坚持 ‎③keep on 继续 ‎④carry on 继续；进行 ‎⑤turn/switch on 打开 ‎⑥count on 依靠 ‎2.to为介词的短语荟萃 ‎①lead to　　　　　 引起；导致 ‎②object to 反对 ‎③devote to 献身于 ‎④be/get used to 习惯于 ‎⑤be accustomed to 习惯于 ‎⑥pay attention to 注意 ‎3.least相关短语集合 ‎①at least　　　　　 至少 ‎②at the very least 至少，不少于 ‎③in the least 丝毫，极少 32‎ ‎④not in the least 一点也不 ‎⑤least of all 最不；尤其不 ‎⑥last but not least 最后但同等重要的是 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：特殊疑问词＋不定式结构，在句中作宾语 Decide where__to__go on holiday with a friend.‎ 决定在假期和一个朋友去哪里。‎ 句型2：have a difficult time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had__a__difficult__time__understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.‎ 刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面的处事方式。‎ 句型3：the last time引导时间状语从句 I had a similar experience the__last__time I visited China.‎ 上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．If we realize they are just average people with ordinary failings, it becomes easier to forgive(原谅，宽恕)．‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates(表明) how parents might help encourage more reading.‎ ‎3．After booking(预订) a ticket to New York, he went on preparing what he needed to take.‎ ‎4．I shook hands and exchanged(交换) a few words with the manager after the meeting.‎ ‎5．The pain was almost more than he could bear(忍受)．‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are requested(request) to make comments and express their views about the film.‎ ‎7．One third of the country is covered with trees and the majority(major) of the citizens are black people.‎ ‎8．So absorbed(absorb) were the children in their game that they didn’t feel hungry at all.‎ 32‎ ‎9．The taxi driver often reminds the passengers to take their belongings(belong) when they leave the car.‎ ‎10．Owing(owe) to Lucy’s timely help, we finished all the work on time.‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．My parents had expected me to perform well. When the match was over, I saw their expectant faces.I felt ashamed, for I failed to live up to their expectations．(expect)‎ ‎2．I was always curious about some new things.To satisfy my curiosity,__ I opened the parcel. When I was opening it, my son was watching me curiously．(curious)‎ ‎3．The soldier was injured in the fire and we were all worried about his injury．Then word came that the injured soldier had been sent to the best hospital.(injure)‎ ‎4．The car is in reasonably good condition and the price is also reasonable,__so I don’t know the reason why the man didn’t buy it.(reason)‎ ‎5．The mayor expressed his satisfaction with the meeting. In addition,__he added that the local government would create an additional 200 jobs. (add)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 sound like; be fond of; get used to; in poor condition; be attached to; insist on Our school 1.is__attached__to a college. All my teachers 2.are__fond__of their students, and most of them have 3.got__used__to living with us students. Just take my English teacher for example, he is 4.in__poor__condition,__but he 5.insists__on working. That 6.sounds__like a touching story.‎ contrary to; depend on; belong to; be sensitive to; loads of ‎7．Contrary__to other learning activities, reading can be a social activity. The people who 8.belong__to book groups insist on reading every day and then meet to discuss 9.depending__on the books they have read, which will be of benefit to them.People are encouraged to read 10.loads__of books. They should 11.be__sensitive__to reading materials and read every day.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．(2018·北京卷)然后我教他们如何沏茶。‎ I then began to teach__them__how__to__make__tea．‎ ‎2．如果你变得富有，你将很难了解谁是你的真正的朋友。‎ If you become rich, you’ll have__a__difficult__time__(in)__knowing who your friends are.‎ 32‎ ‎3．最后一次看到他时，他在纽约。‎ The__last__time__I__saw__him,__he was in New York.‎ ‎ owe　vi.欠钱　vt.应给予；欠(债等)；归功于；应感谢 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Owing(owe) to your help, I have made great progress. In other words, I owe my progress to you.‎ ‎②I owed it to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。‎ Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe__you__a__favour．‎ ‎④我必须说我的这些成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。‎ I must say I owe__all__my__achievements__to__the__encouragement__and__help from my colleagues and friends.‎ ‎(1)owe sb. sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sth.to 把某事归功于；为某事而感谢 owe it to sb. that... 多亏了某人……‎ ‎(2)owing to 因为，由于　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] When asked of his success, he said he owed much of his success to his family. 　当问及他的成功时，他说他把他的成功多半归功于他的家庭。‎ ‎[名师点津] 如果owe的宾语是名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的名词性从句放在后面。‎ ‎ absorb　v．吸收；理解；掌握；吸引(兴趣)；使专心 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.The Smiths were so absorbed(absorb) in watching TV that they didn’t hear the knock on the door.‎ b．The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.‎ ‎②(北京卷)When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 32‎ ‎③(普通表达)Tom was__absorbed__in(专心致志于) watching the basketball match and he didn’t notice his classmate coming up to him.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Absorbed__in__watching__the__basketball__match,__Tom didn’t notice his classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)‎ ‎(1)absorb one’s attention　 吸引某人的注意力 ‎(2)absorbed adj.　 精神集中的 be absorbed in 专心致志于；全神贯注于 ‎(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的 ‎[名师点津] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：be lost in...陷入……，专心致志于……；be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋头于……；be devoted to...致力于……，专心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...专注于……。‎ ‎ exchange　vi.& n．交换；交流；兑换 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a. (2019·天津卷)I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.‎ b．I am going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.‎ ‎②(牛津词典)He’s giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(重庆卷)他们彼此交流思想和情感， 通过这些他们能获得更多的知识。‎ They exchange__ideas__and__feelings__with__each__other,__through which they probably acquire more knowledge.‎ ‎(1)exchange sth. for sth.　　 以某物换取某物 exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物 ‎(2)in exchange for... 作为……的交换 ‎(3)an exchange student 交换生 ‎[佳句背诵] It bothers the exchange student that he hasn’t found the approach to learning Chinese. ‎ 使这位交换生苦恼的是他还没有找到学习中文的方法。‎ ‎[词块助记] foreign exchange　　 外汇 32‎ an exchange rate 汇率 New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所 ‎ majority　n．大多数；大半 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①With the prices going up, the majority of people find(find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get.‎ ‎②The majority were/was(be) on the England’s team, which greatly disappointed them.‎ ‎③(北京卷)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.‎ ‎④The fact is that people who can speak English are in the majority in this country.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎⑤(普通表达)When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study.‎ ‎(高级表达)When it comes to education, the__majority__of people believe that it is a lifetime study.‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of...　　　 大多数……‎ be in the majority 占大多数 ‎(2)major n．& v. 专业；主修 major in... 主修……‎ ‎(3)minority n. 少数 be in the minority 占少数 ‎[佳句背诵] When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority.　当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。‎ ‎[名师点津] (1)a/the majority of＋名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；‎ ‎(2)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。‎ ‎ indicate　vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.‎ ‎②The way a person is dressed in is a good indication(indicate) of his/her 32‎ ‎ character or personality.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③正如图画中显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。‎ As__is__indicated__in__the__picture,__a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.‎ ‎(1)indicate sth.(to sb.) (向某人)指出/暗示某事 indicate that/whclause 表示……；示意……‎ ‎(2)indication n． 迹象；标示；预兆；暗示　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep.‎ 先前的研究也表明，牛奶有助于睡眠。‎ ‎ request　n．请求；要求　v．请求；要求 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(天津卷) Don’t respond to any emails requesting(request) personal information, no matter how official they look.‎ ‎②a.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)All the students are requested to__get(get) involved in the activity.‎ b．(重庆卷) We should consider the students’ request that the school library (should)__provide(provide) more books on popular science.‎ ‎③(湖北卷)You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读英语半个小时。‎ ‎④Mr.Li requests__that__we__should__spend__half__an__hour__reading__English__aloud every morning. (复合句)‎ ‎⑤Mr.Li requests__us__to__spend__half__an__hour__reading__English__aloud every morning.(简单句)‎ ‎(1)request sb.to do sth.　 要求/请求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 要求/请求某人做某事 It’s requested that sb.(should) do sth.‎ 32‎ ‎ 要求某人做某事。‎ ‎(2)make a request (for...) 请求；要求(……)‎ at one’s request＝at the request of sb.‎ ‎ 应某人的要求　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ‎ It is requested that teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.‎ 为了增加趣味， 教师被要求使自己的课多样化。‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ request后的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及It is requested that...从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“(should＋) do”形式。‎ ‎ familiar　adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①As a result, you can master the Chinese language and be familiar with the Chinese culture.‎ ‎②Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is unfamiliar to them.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)一方面，我很熟悉中国画，因为我的父亲是一位中国画家。‎ ‎③For one thing, I am__quite__familiar__with__Chinese__painting,__for my father is a Chinese painter.‎ ‎④For one thing, Chinese painting is__quite__familiar__to__me,__for my father is a Chinese painter.‎ ‎(1)be/get familiar with　　　 熟悉……‎ be familiar to 为……所熟悉 ‎(2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的 be unfamiliar to 对……不熟悉　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Visiting the exhibition will help you get familiar with the art of papercutting.‎ 参观这个展览将有助于你熟悉剪纸艺术。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎[名师点津] (1)be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；‎ ‎(2)be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。‎ ‎ belong　vi.适应；属于 32‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Nothing can change the fact that the Diaoyu Islands belong to China.‎ ‎②As is known to us, China is a country belonging(belong) to the Third World.‎ ‎③(浙江卷)We had to keep track of our belongings(belong), and if something was lost, it was not replaced.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。‎ Papercutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which__belongs__to__traditional__Chinese__art．(定语从句)‎ ‎(1)belong to　　　　　　表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态 ‎(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.‎ 首先，校服使学校看起来更漂亮。学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。(2019·江苏卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] belong to中to为介词，作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。‎ ‎ attach　vt.系；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎① (全国卷Ⅰ)So I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.‎ ‎②a.(2019·浙江卷6月)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached(attach) to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”‎ b．This research centre attached(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr.Smith.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③很明显人们更加重视经常锻炼。‎ It’s evident that people attach__greater__significance__to__taking__regular__exercise．‎ ‎(1)attach...to...‎ ‎ 把……附在……上；‎ 32‎ ‎ 把……固定到……上 attach importance/significance to ‎　　　　　 重视，认为……重要/有意义 ‎(2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于；依恋的 be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Great importance has been attached to qualified personnel in our nation since ancient times.‎ 自古以来， 我国就十分重视人才。‎ ‎[名师点津] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎ bear　vt.(bore，borne/born)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；生育；结(果实)　n．强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中bear的含义 ‎①Everyone should bear the responsibility of protecting the environment.负担；承担 ‎②(2019·天津卷) We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid selfpity.忍受 ‎③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.‎ ‎(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear/keep__in__mind that failure is the mother of success.‎ ‎(1)bear doing/to do sth.　　　 忍受做某事 bear sb. doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that... 记住……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out and practical.‎ 然而，一项计划如果没有被实际执行和没有实用性，就不会有任何成果。(浙江卷)‎ ‎②We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves.‎ 我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都很重要。‎ ‎ forgive　vt.(forgave, forgiven)原谅；饶恕；免除(债务)‎ 32‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Being__forgiven(forgive) for the past is the most precious gift we can receive.‎ ‎②As is known to us, it’s a virtue to__forgive(forgive) and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(全国卷Ⅲ)请原谅我没能陪伴你去书店。‎ Please__forgive__me__for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore.‎ ‎(1)forgive me　　　　 　　 请原谅；对不起 forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 ‎(2)forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.　请原谅我占用了你这么多时间，请接受我最美好的祝愿，祝你健康和幸福。‎ ‎ get used to　习惯于　‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①He moved to this city. A few months later, he got used to living(live) here.‎ ‎②The engineer used to do(do) some walking near the river, but now he has quit it.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③网络可以被用来获取大量的信息。‎ The Internet can be__used__to__get large amounts of information.‎ ‎④我们过去常常每天晚上坐在院子里，听我爷爷讲故事。‎ We used__to__sit__in__the__yard every evening and listen to my grandpa tell stories.‎ be/grow/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth.　　　　　 习惯于(做)某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)‎ ‎[佳句背诵] You get used to doing your own business on your own time.‎ 你们必须学会用自己的时间做自己的事。‎ ‎ contrary to　与……相反　‎ 32‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Contrary to his parents’ advice, he dropped his study.‎ ‎②It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③和人们通常的看法相反，动物并不会经常攻击人类。‎ Contrary__to__popular__belief,__the animals do not often attack humans.‎ ‎④这不是件好事情，正相反，是个巨大的错误。‎ It wasn’t a good thing; on__the__contrary,__it was a huge mistake.‎ on the contrary (与……所说的)正相反；相反，反之 to the contrary 相反的；相反地 ‎[佳句背诵] ①My sister’s taste in dresses is contrary to my own. ‎ 在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。‎ ‎②I wish someone would tell young people that these things are not, despite indications to the contrary, compulsory.‎ 我希望有人会告诉年轻人们，尽管与表面相反，这些事情并不是义务。‎ ‎ bring an end to...　结束；制止　‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.‎ ‎②If you don’t know what you want, you might end up getting(get) something you don’t want.‎ ‎③He has decided to put an end to his quarrel with his wife.‎ ‎④The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑤一切美好事物终有结束之时，所以你不必消沉。‎ All good things will come__to__an__end,__so you needn’t feel depressed.‎ ‎⑥自从约翰失业以来，我们简直难以维持生计了。‎ Since John lost his job, we can hardly make__ends__meet．‎ ‎(1)come to an end　　　　 结束 bring/put sth.to an end＝bring/put an end to sth. 结束……‎ make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出 32‎ be at an end 结束 ‎(2)end up with　　　 以……结束 end up doing sth. 最终/最后做某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①Let’s bring an end to the meeting at eight o’clock！　让我们八点结束会议吧！‎ ‎②If you take the time and effort to do this, you’ll end up with more friends.　如果你花点时间和精力去做到这一点，你就会有更多的朋友。‎ ‎ have a difficult time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ‎(教材P40)When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.　刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面的处事方式。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①I have never known that my son had much difficulty dealing(deal) with his studies.‎ ‎②He would talk about the great difficulty he had settling(settle) in the new country.‎ ‎③There is much difficulty to__overcome(overcome) if he wants to succeed.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)You can hardly imagine the difficulty.I had great difficulty in looking after these noisy children.‎ ‎(高级表达)You can hardly imagine the__great__difficulty__I__had__in__looking__after these noisy children.(定语从句)‎ have a difficult time (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。表示“做某事有困难”的表达还有：‎ ‎(1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　 做某事有困难 ‎(2)have difficulty/trouble with sth.‎ ‎ 在某方面有困难 　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Can you please write your name in big letters? You know I have difficulty with my eyesight.‎ 你能把名字写大点吗？我的视力不太好。‎ ‎[名师点津] have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficulty 为不可数名词，‎ 32‎ difficulty前可用some, any, no, little, great, much等词来修饰。‎ ‎ the last time引导时间状语从句 ‎(教材P40)I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.‎ 上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(浙江卷)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me. ‎ ‎②On arriving(arrive) home, he set out to do his homework.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)但是下次当你发现自己和陌生人在一起的时候，应考虑到闲聊是值得的。‎ But the__next__time__you__find__yourself__among__strangers,__consider that small talk is worth the trouble.‎ ‎④我第一次在课堂上见到简时，就知道她是一个安静但意志坚定的女孩。‎ I knew that Jane was a quiet but determined girl the__first__time__I__saw__her__in__class．‎ ‎⑤你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。‎ You are welcome to come back any__time__you__want__to．‎ ‎(1)the last time是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“上次……”，从句谓语常用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)名词词组作连词用而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： any time任何时候， next time下次……时， every time每次， the＋序数词＋time第……次。‎ ‎(3)the＋moment/minute/instant/second一……就……‎ ‎(4)on/upon doing sth.一……就……‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎[名师点津] every/each time, the first time, the last/next time, the moment/minute/instant等引导状语从句时，这些短语后面不需要加when/while。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Our English teacher made a request that we (should)__finish(finish) our project before Friday.‎ 32‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival(arrive) of a baby.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education(educate) department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.‎ ‎4．It is reasonable(reason) to assume that these measures will prove successful.‎ ‎5．(2017·天津卷)In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apology(apologize) to explain your awkwardness.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very good－looking person.‎ ‎2．The progress of negotiation between the two sides has slowed down owing to their absence.‎ ‎3．We simply cannot sacrifice the environment in exchange for temporary economic gain.‎ ‎4．The court has passed sentence and the matter is now at an end.‎ ‎5．The majority of new businesses fail even though they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market.‎ 维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ ‎1．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation.精神集中的 ‎2．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.大多数；大半 ‎3．I think WeChat offers us opportunities to make more friends and exchange learning experience with others.交流 ‎4．Nowadays many old people have to bear miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.忍受 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Dear Peter，‎ I’m writing to make an apology to you for my bad 1.manners(manner) the other day.‎ 32‎ I 2.was__absorbed(absorb) in playing games when you requested me 3.to__exchange(exchange) seats with you. Though you were cautious, I stared 4.at you angrily and refused, saying loudly that the seat 5.belonged(belong) to me. You 6.bore(bear) my rudeness. In addition, you showed me 7.how to play the game better. Afterwards you tried to help me out when you knew I had a difficult time 8.putting(put) an end to the games. Now I know that though 9.attached(attach) to playing games, I should focus on my study.‎ ‎10．In brief, please forgive me for what I did. I am really sorry to say and do so.‎ Best wishes for you.‎ Yours，‎ Tom 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①国家之间存在许多文化差异。我们大部分人对这些差异并不是很熟悉。‎ There are many cultural differences between countries and most of us are__not__familiar__with them.‎ ‎②当你与外国人交谈时，盯着对方看是不礼貌的。‎ When you are exchanging__words__with__a__foreigner,__to stare__at__him/her is bad manners.‎ ‎③在海外旅行时，适应不同国家的风俗与传统是很重要的。‎ When you are travelling overseas, it__is__important__to__get__used__to the customs and traditions of different countries.‎ ‎④如果你撞到别人身上，你应该向对方道歉。‎ If__you__knock__into__someone,__you should make__an__apology__to him/her.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑤用it作形式主语升级句②‎ When__you__are__exchanging__words__with__a__foreigner,__it__is__bad__manners__to__stare__at__him/her.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as we know)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 32‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ As we know, there are many cultural differences between countries and most of us are not familiar with them. When you are exchanging words with a foreigner, it is bad manners to stare at him/her. When you are travelling overseas，it is important to get used to the customs and traditions of different countries.If you knock into someone, you should make an apology to him/her.‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·洛阳第二次统考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.‎ On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.‎ Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.‎ We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special ‎ 32‎ to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。‎ ‎1．What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?‎ A．To help motivate homesickness.‎ B．To show national identity.‎ C．To reflect a country’s history.‎ D．To show a community’s superiority.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The specific traditional food.‎ B．The national culture.‎ C．A traditional expression of food.‎ D．The oldfashioned taste.‎ A　解析：代词指代题。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。‎ ‎3．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?‎ A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.‎ B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.‎ C．To make the dishes popular among customers.‎ D．To present their own food culture in a new way.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，还卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不对传统的菜肴做一些小小的改变。‎ ‎4．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?‎ A．Negative.　　　　　　 B．Balanced.‎ C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.‎ 32‎ B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。‎ B ‎(2020·河南六市高三联考)Traveling to a foreign country can make you frightened if you don’t know the local language. Mr. Thibault has a number of tips to help travelers manage in a destination when they don’t speak the native tongue, based on his own experience. Here are a few of them.‎ ‎•Download a Language Translation App Mr. Thibault tends to rely on Google Translate and suggests that travelers find an app that works for them. Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.‎ ‎•Speak with Your Hands and Head Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country you’re in. “Gestures are all universally understood，” he said.‎ ‎•Learn a Few Key Words Knowing basic words and phrases like “hello”， “thank you” and “I’m sorry. I don’t speak your language. Do you speak English？” is a must, Mr. Thibault said. Showing that you care enough to learn some of the language before you go, and at least enough to acknowledge that you don’t know more, is a form of respect and will go a long way to be liked by locals.‎ ‎•Work with a Local Travel Agent If you feel particularly uncomfortable in the country you’re headed to, and you have to go anyway, relying on a local travel agent who knows both your and your destination’s languages can be incredibly useful.‎ ‎•Hire a Local Tour Guide A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with. Whenever Mr. Thibault visits a new country, he books a sightseeing tour with a guide on the first day of his trip. “I use this day to learn about my destination and get familiar with the language，” he said.‎ 32‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件、使用肢体语言、出发前学习关键词、利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。‎ ‎5．In what situation should a language translation app be applied while traveling abroad?‎ A．When you have trouble pronouncing the words.‎ B．When you want to acknowledge your ignorance.‎ C．When you want to practice the local language.‎ D．When you feel uncomfortable in the country.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“a language translation app”定位至第二段，根据该段第二句“Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.”可知，在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What is the easiest way to communicate with foreigners according to the text?‎ A．Downloading a language translation app.‎ B．Learning a few key words.‎ C．Using body language.‎ D．Working with a guide.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country you’re in.”可知，使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方式，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．How can you better understand the local language?‎ A．By speaking with your hands and head.‎ B．By learning a few key words.‎ C．By downloading a language translation app.‎ D．By hiring a local tour guide.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语言，而且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人选，故D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of ‎ 32‎ livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.‎ The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．‎ Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．‎ The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”‎ There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎1．A.holding　　　　　　　　 B．filling C．planting D．hanging D　解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。‎ ‎2．A.fell B．shook C．jumped D．folded B　解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。‎ 32‎ ‎3．A.enjoy B．view C．seek D．pick D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.poured B．took C．thought D．figured A　解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。‎ ‎5．A.shape B．size C．taste D．color B　解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。‎ ‎6．A.mattered B．cared C．interested D．minded A　解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.hands B．power C．experience D．ways A　解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。‎ ‎8．A.quality B．quantity C．money D．salary D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.puzzlement B．relief C．astonishment D．delight A　解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.only if B．as if C．even if D．if only C　解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。‎ ‎11．A.which B．where C．whom D．who B　解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。‎ 32‎ ‎12．A.full B．filled C．empty D．loaded C　解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.suddenly B．shortly C．directly D．hurriedly C　解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。‎ ‎14．A.tough B．rough C．regular D．smooth B　解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.even B．or C．but D．so D　解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。‎ ‎16．A.hole B．tip C．middle D．bottom D　解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。‎ ‎17．A.sighed B．excited C．smiled D．sneezed C　解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。‎ ‎18．A.unexpected B．necessary C．accidental D．deliberate B　解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。‎ ‎19．A.stricken B．satisfied C．upset D．surprised C　解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.sensitive B．accessible C．relative D．flexible 32‎ A　解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇读后续写 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·广东清远高三质检)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.‎ It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.‎ The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．‎ Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.‎ ‎“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about a year globally.”‎ In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”‎ 32‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。‎ ‎1．What do we know about PM 2.5?‎ A．It has a bad effect on human health.‎ B．It will be controlled in the future.‎ C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.‎ D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?‎ A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.‎ B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.‎ C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.‎ D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.‎ B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.‎ C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.‎ D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution　‎ D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year 32‎ D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。‎ B ‎(2020·南昌重点中学段考)‎ Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time.This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e．g. for learning a new language. Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wakelearned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds(嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.‎ If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wakelearned information, then firstplay, i. e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep.‎ The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the socalled “Upstates”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Upstate” and the inactive state “Downstate”. The two states alternate(交替) about every halfsecond.‎ New evidence for sleeplearning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated(被概括的) mental state, in which we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, cofirstauthor. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in 32‎ ‎ upcoming years，” says Katharina Henke.‎ The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation(IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition.‎ ‎【解题导语】　文章通过一项研究论证了在深度睡眠中学习新词汇的可能性。‎ ‎5．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?‎ A．“Upstate” and“Downstate” appear in turn during deep sleep.‎ B．“Upstates” is another name for the brain cells’ active states.‎ C．Semantic associations are important for language learning.‎ D．The brain cells’ active states are central for sleeplearning.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“The research group of Katharina Henke examined...the socalled ‘Upstates’. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable”可知，研究小组研究了睡觉的人能否在脑细胞活跃状态下，在被播放的外来词和翻译词之间形成新的语义联系。结果证明他们的想法是合理的。据此可推知，当大脑处于“Upstates”时，可以进行语言学习。在这个过程中，大脑细胞的活跃状态起着主要作用。故选D项。‎ ‎6．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage?‎ A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.‎ B．Separate us from the physical environment.‎ C．Apply deep sleep to information learning.‎ D．Discover the concept of sleep.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词researchers和within several years定位到文章的第四段。根据该段中的“In how far and with what consequences...will be a topic of research in upcoming years”可知，在未来几年，在新信息的获得方面深度睡眠能运用到何种程度以及会有何种结果将是研究的主题。故选C项。‎ ‎7．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.‎ B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.‎ C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.‎ D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.‎ D　解析：写作意图题。第一段提出问题“This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new 32‎ ‎ language.”(是否可以更有效地利用睡眠时间，例如用于学习一种新语言。)；第二段回答该问题“then firstplay, i. e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep”(对新信息的初始处理，在睡眠期间也应该是可能的)；第三段通过研究提出证据证明了第二段的猜想。最后两段进行了补充说明。据此可知，本文是为了说明在深度睡眠中，学习新的词汇是可能的。故选D项。‎ ‎8．Where is this text most likely from?‎ A．A novel.‎ B．A guidebook.‎ C．A scientific research website.‎ D．A diary.‎ C　解析：文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Sleep research to date focused on” “There is considerable evidence” 第三段中的“The research group” 最后一段中的“The aim of these research groups”并结合文章主旨(在深度睡眠中学习新词汇方面的科学研究)可以推断出，本文可能出自一个科研网站，故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart I was sad because I couldn’t stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve.‎ When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand rubbing my face.“Dad, Merry Christmas！”was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys’ faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they dragged everything into the center of the living room.‎ Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many 32‎ ‎ Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages constantly thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence with my absence from their Christmas these years.‎ Paragraph 1：‎ I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily._____________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Suddenly my wife walked up to me. _________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Paragraph 1：‎ I had to admit that my disappointment was growing steadily. I was wondering whether I could get a gift when my younger son ran to me, who was really kind enough to save my face. He asked me to admire his gift which he deeply believed was carefully chosen by Santa Claus. He said happily that he would share some of the gifts of his and allow me to choose one from them. I thanked him from the bottom of my heart, still feeling disappointed.‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt. She asked me to look at the Christmas tree which was decorated with so many boxes. I thought she was showing off her efforts on the decoration but she took off a small box and passed it to me smiling and saying it was for me. I opened it and saw a letter which read“We will never forget you. Merry Christmas！”Under the letter was a watch 32‎ ‎ which was clicking with delight. I was moved with tears.‎ 32‎