2020届二轮复习阅读细节题分类破解（下）

2020届二轮复习阅读细节题分类破解（下）

‎2020届二轮复习阅读细节题分类破解（下）‎ 在高考中，阅读细节题所占的比重最大。细节题相对容易，做好这类题是确保拿下基础分的关键。同时，把握细节，准确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。‎ 解答细节题常见的陷阱有：“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”——即截取原文词语或结构进行改造，对原句做细微改动，如时间、地点、范围、程度、原因和对象等；或者把A的观点说成B的观点等。‎ 解答细节题的方法：先读题干，锁定题眼，然后带着问题快速扫读文章相关段落，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行精准的分析对比，找出答案。倘若有两项说法都正确，就要根据文章主题或主旨进行判断，与主旨一致者即为正确答案。‎ 对于直接事实题，采用对号入座的方式即可解答。‎ 对于间接事实题，考查的内容往往在文中有所隐含，或者选项部分把某处换了个表达方式以此来增加难度。这种题是多数，要特别重视。平时要注意同一个意思的多种表达。‎ 为了提高读者的实战水平，下面进行分类讲解，让读者明白各类题的提问规律，提高解题速度和准确度。‎ 七比较异同 比较异同的常用提问句式如下：‎ ‎1. In what way is A different from B?‎ ‎2. What is different about…?‎ ‎3. How are A and B similar to each other?‎ ‎4. How are A and B different from each other?‎ ‎5. Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today’s parents .‎ ‎6. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?‎ ‎7. What is the possible similarity/difference between A and B?‎ 例：（2014江西A）In what way was this expedition different for Larry?‎ A. His daughter had grown up.‎ B. He had become a famous diver.‎ C. His father would dive with him. ‎ D. His daughter would dive with him.‎ 原文：Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions (探险) but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.‎ 答案：D解析：根据“but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him”可知选D。‎ 八针对数字提问 有关数字运算的题是高考必考内容，常用提问句式如下：‎ ‎1. How many works had the artist collected when he died?‎ ‎2. How much did the project cost in total?‎ ‎3. What was the population of the wolves when the project began?‎ ‎4. The figure of the wounded people in the fight is ______. ‎ 例：（2011全国卷Ⅰ C）Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? ‎ A．7'2''．‎ B．7'．‎ C．6'6''． ‎ D．6'3''．‎ 原文：“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, SO even a king-size bed at 6'6'' (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25％ of men,while the standard 6'3'' bed caters for (满足需要) less than half of the male (男性) population,” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy,“Seven-foot beds would work fine.”‎ 答案: B 解析：根据最后一句“Seven-foot beds would work fine”可知选B。‎ 九针对观点或态度提问 针对观点和态度的提问，可能是细节题，也可能是主旨题或推断题。这里主要探讨针对细节的观点或态度。‎ 针对观点或态度的常用提问句式如下：‎ ‎1. How did the author feel when …? ‎ ‎2.What is the author’s attitude towards…?‎ ‎3. What did the author think about/of …? ‎ ‎4. How does the author look at …?‎ ‎5. What is the author’s opinion on …?‎ ‎6. How does he like/find …?‎ ‎7. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards…?‎ 例：（2011北京A）How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane?‎ A. Excited.‎ B. Scared.‎ C. Nervous.‎ D. Regretful.‎ 原文：On June 11, 2009, nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane. My instructor, Jay, guided me through the experience. The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in, but I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience. When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane. When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought,“What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer. We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute（降落伞), then we just floated downward for about five minutes. Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt—much better than the hot air balloon. I was just enjoying it.‎ 答案：D 解析：根据“When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought, ‘What have I gotten myself into?’”可知作者感到后悔。‎ 十排序题 排序题就是按照事物发展的先后顺序或操作步骤排列。常用提问句式如下：‎ ‎1. Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary？‎ ‎2. Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.‎ ‎3. What is the right order of the steps in the experiment?‎ ‎4. Which is the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragrah 2?‎ 例：(2007江苏C) According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.‎ A. South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim B. South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim C. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim D. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim 原文：‎ Tour Duration ‎5.7 Hour The Ground Canyon Adventure Skywalk Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West ‎1 Hour Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West.‎ Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West ‎2 Hours You will be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead. Every table for lunch has a view.‎ Walk on the World Famous Skywalk ‎1.5 Hours Finally you will board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon.‎ Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim ‎1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset.‎ 答案：B解析：根据广告中的旅程安排，坐飞机从 South Rim出发到Grand Canyon West Airport然后乘大巴到Guano Point，这样就淘汰了其它选项，只有B项是正确的。‎ 十一根据原文判断正误或信息筛选 这种题是比较容易出错的，很有迷惑性。错误选项往往张冠李戴，或者符合常识，但与原文不一致，考生一粗心就会上当。所以要准确比对所有信息，要在原文找到确切出处。还有这种题往往题干没有明确指向，范围很宽，很浪费时间。最好先通读所有选项，找到最明显与原文不一致的就做出判断，或者缩小选择范围。如果每个选项都一个一个核实比对，结果后来才发现后面的答案很明显，就浪费时间了。‎ 该类题型的常用提问句式：‎ ‎1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?‎ ‎2. Which of the following statements is correct/true according to the passage?‎ ‎3. Which of the following is true of …? ‎ ‎4. Which of the following is（NOT）mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons ‎ for … ?‎ ‎6. Which of the following is conveyed in this article?‎ ‎7. Jim refused the offer for all the reasons except .‎ 例：（2011福建A）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect>‎ B. Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.‎ C. Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.‎ D.50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink limit.‎ 原文：‎ ‎…Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.‎ ‎…Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.‎ ‎…To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.‎ The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:‎ ‎● 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood; or…‎ 答案：B 解析： 根据“Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected”可知A错；根据“Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice”可知B对。然后就不再考虑C项和D项。‎