2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（5）阅读理解（五）

2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（5）阅读理解（五）

阅读理解（五）‎ A ‎(2018·宁夏银川市重点中学高三模拟)Belgium is the land of music festivals. There are rock, pop, world, electronic music festivals and more, so you're sure to find a festival that suits your taste.‎ Groezrock Groezrock could be considered the opener of the festival season in Belgium. This festival grew from a small event to an international festival that had 33,000 visitors in 2016. If you're into the harder stuff (东西), this is where you need to go.‎ When? April 29－30, 2017. Where? Meerhout. Music? Punk, emo, ska and rock in all its variations. Free? No.‎ Sfinks Mixed Sfinks is a world music festival that focuses on bringing culture together. There are also plenty of things to do besides watching the performances. Good to know for families: Sfinks is a kidfriendly festival, with workshops, storytelling and performances aimed at children.‎ When? July 27－30, 2017.Where? Boechout.Music? World.Free? The festival is free; the camping is not.‎ Graspop Metal Meeting If Groezrock doesn't seem rough enough to you, Graspop Metal Meeting might. As the name says, this festival is all about metal, rock and punk. In 2016 the festival received 140,000 visitors who came to watch the more than 100 bands performing.‎ When? June 16－18, 2017. Where? Dessel. Music? Metal. Free? No.‎ Genk on Stage Genk on Stage is a pop musical with not only a lot of Belgian artists, but also some international names. 80,000 people attended Genk on Stage in 2016.‎ When? June 23－25, 2017. Where? Genk. Music? Pop. Free? Yes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。作者推介了比利时几个重要的音乐节。‎ ‎1．Which may kick off (开始) the festival season in Belgium?‎ A．Groezrock.　　　　　　　 B．Sfinks Mixed.‎ C．Graspop Metal Meeting. D．Genk on Stage.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Groezrock部分中的“Groezrock could be considered ‎ the opener of the festival season in Belgium.”可知，Groezrock拉开了比利时音乐节的序幕。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Sfinks Mixed?‎ A．It enjoys worldwide popularity.‎ B．It's mainly targeted at kids.‎ C．It combines fun with culture.‎ D．It features certain types of music.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Sfinks Mixed部分中的“Sfinks is a world music festival that focuses on bringing culture together. There are also plenty of things to do ...”可知，该音乐节将娱乐和文化结合在一起。‎ ‎3．Where are crazy metal music enthusiasts most likely to go?‎ A．Meerhout. B．Boechout.‎ C．Genk. D．Dessel.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据Graspop Metal Meeting部分中的“If Groezrock doesn't seem rough enough to you, Graspop Metal Meeting might.”“this festival is all about metal, rock and punk”可知，对于狂热的金属乐爱好者，Graspop Metal Meeting可能更适合他们；再结合下文的“Where? Dessel.”可知举办地是Dessel，故选D。‎ B I can still remember it as if it happened yesterday. I was a college freshman and had stayed up most of the night before laughing and talking with friends. Now just before my first class of the day my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier and my head was drifting down to my desk to make my textbook a pillow. A few minutes' nap time before class couldn't hurt, I thought.‎ Boom! I lifted my head immediately and my eyes opened wider than saucers. I looked around with my heart beating quickly trying to find the cause of the noise. My young professor was looking back at me with a mischievous,_boyish smile on his face. He had intentionally dropped the pile of textbooks he was carrying onto his desk. “Good morning！” he said, still smiling. “I'm glad to see everyone is awake. Now let's get started.”‎ For the next hour I wasn't sleepy at all. It wasn't from the shock of my professor's textbook alarm clock either. Instead, it was from the attractive discussion he led. With knowledge and good humor, he made the material come alive. His insights were full of both wisdom and loving kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy which he taught with were contagious (有感染力的). I left the classroom not only ‎ wide awake, but a little smarter and a little better as well.‎ I learned something far more important than not sleeping in class that day too. I learned that if you are going to do something in this life, do it well, do it with joy, and make it an expression of your love. What a glorious place this world would be if all of us did our work joyously and well! What a beautiful world we could create if every doctor, teacher, musician, cook, waitress, poet, miner, farmer, and laborer made their work an expression of their love! Don't sleepwalk through your life then. Wake up! Let your love fill your work and your soul. Life is too short not to live it well.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过作者大学第一节课的经历告诉我们：无论从事什么职业，我们都应该带着热情和快乐去做好它。‎ ‎1．What did the author want to do just before his first class of the day?‎ A．Talk with his friends.‎ B．Take a short sleep.‎ C．Get his eyes examined.‎ D．Stay away from the class.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“... my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier ... A few minutes' nap time before class couldn't hurt, I thought.”可知，作者很困，想在上课前小睡一会儿。故选B项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “mischievous” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．naughty B．tricky C．sensitive D．dishonest 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词与boyish共同修饰smile，感情色彩应一致。根据boyish的含义“男孩子气的”可推测，mischievous应表示“调皮的；淘气的”，与naughty意思相近。故选A项。‎ ‎3．What else did the author learn that day?‎ A．Students should not sleep in class but respect their teachers.‎ B．Everyone should love his job and sleepwalk through his life.‎ C．Life is too limited to make your work an expression of your love.‎ D．People from all walks of life should do their jobs with joy and love.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“I learned that if you are going to do something in this life, do it well, do it with joy, and make it an expression of your love.”和“What a beautiful world we could create if every doctor ... made ‎ their work an expression of their love！”可知，作者还学到无论你从事什么职业，都应该用充满快乐与爱的心去把工作做好，从而创造一个更美好的世界。故选D项。‎ ‎4．What can be inferred from this passage?‎ A．The professor often kept his students sharp by using a textbook alarm.‎ B．The author was attracted by the professor's great joy and enthusiasm.‎ C．The author left the twohour period not only wide awake, but a little smarter.‎ D．Though the author was frightened awake, he was not clearheaded in the class.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“With knowledge and good humor, he made the material come alive. His insights were full of both wisdom and loving kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy which he taught with were contagious(有感染力的)．”可知，作者被教授的快乐和热情所吸引，故选B项。‎ C We have slow food, slow travel, even slow journalism.The slow food movement reminds us of the value of locally produced, seasonal foods, just as slow travel brings us back to local traditions we miss as we fly off in search of peak experiences.In a 24hour news era, slow journalism avoids the demands of the breaking story, revisiting and reflecting on old news.In almost every area of life, we are turning towards a world, where time is not a luxury (奢侈品) but a resting place and slowness is almost a necessity.‎ But that doesn't happen in schools.Courses are forced into short half terms.From the moment we go through school gates to the time we get out again a few short hours later, there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read and they turn to secondrate substitutes instead.Why read Plato when you can read a book about Plato? The answer is that what Plato wrote is much more interesting, dramatic and enjoyable than any of the thousands of books that have been written about him.‎ I once met a friend, a published poet.“How's the poetry going？” I asked.“It's been a good week，” he replied.“I wrote three lines.” Would we accept that rate of return from our students?‎ Slow teaching means giving students time to read and think.How often do we demand immediate answers to our questions? Silence is more often uncomfortable than golden ‎ in the classroom.Slow teaching also means resisting the temptation (诱惑) to finish every discussion and bring thinking to an end.Slow teaching encourages us to work for as long as the topic demands, Additionally, slow teaching means giving students time to explore the natural world and scientific concepts and time to go outside the curriculum and further explore it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在其他行业，人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式，但在教育领域，慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及。‎ ‎1．What is suggested in the first paragraph?‎ A．People find it a luxury to enjoy time.‎ B．Being slow is becoming a movement.‎ C．Slowness is a recognized culture now.‎ D．It is difficult for people to slow down.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知，慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化。‎ ‎2．What can we know about students' present situation?‎ A．They live in a fastpaced world.‎ B．They are more silent than active.‎ C．They mainly focus on reflecting.‎ D．They lack good reading materials.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段的“there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out. We don't give students the time they need to read”，第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知，学校课程紧张，学生学习忙碌，甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索，即学生们处于一个快节奏的世界。‎ ‎3．How can students benefit from slow teaching?‎ A．They needn't have a long teaching period.‎ B．They can bring an end to every discussion.‎ C．They have enough time to think and learn.‎ D．They needn't answer every question in class.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知，通过慢教学，学生可以有足够的时间进行阅读、思考、探索和学习等。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Should school curriculums be changed?‎ B．It's time for a slow teaching revolution C．The way we read should be changed D．Is a speeddriven world out of date?‎ 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要表达了作者的一种主张，即slow teaching：减慢教学速度，给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间。‎ D About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”．But the twowheeled transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered competitors.‎ But recent months have seen a renaissance of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.According to data from iResearch Consulting Group, the first week of this year saw 5.85 million active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1.4 million active users.‎ People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones.The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public places for the next user.They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective answer to the “last mile” problem, which refers to a person's final journey.“In places where the subway doesn't reach and where it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike，” Hu Hong, 29, said.She rides a bike to work.‎ However, the schemes have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism (故意破坏) and theft.“Bikesharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, ViceMinister of Transport.“But it's a combination of online and offline business.Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience.”‎ In fact, these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad.Set up in 2007, Vélib is a largescale public bike sharing system in Paris.By October, 2009, a large number of Vélib's initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft.Bikes were found hanging from lampposts (街灯柱) or thrown into the Seine River.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。共享单车在中国兴起，这种创新的交通方式让人们的出行变得更便利的同时也存在着诸多问题。‎ ‎1．What can we learn about Ofo and Mobike from the text?‎ A．Their bikes are aimed at people who can't afford a car.‎ B．They are pioneers in the field of bike sharing in China.‎ C．There are 7.25 million people using their bikes this year.‎ D．No other bikesharing system in the world can match theirs.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段的“The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike”可知，Ofo和Mobike是最早把单车共享方案引入中国的公司，也就是说，它们是中国单车共享领域内的开辟者。‎ ‎2．Why are shared bikes convenient according to Hu Hong?‎ A．They can be shared by a lot of different people.‎ B．They allow people to use various forms of transport.‎ C．They are a useful addition to other means of transport.‎ D．They are accessible as long as people have smartphones.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段Hu Hong的话可知，在地铁到不了的地方和难以更换交通方式的地方，共享单车可以轻易地带你去任何你想去的地方；由此可以推知，她认为共享单车方便是因为它们是对其他交通方式有用的补充。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the existing problems with bike sharing?‎ A．They are actually universal phenomena.‎ B．They are brought by bikesharing users.‎ C．They are mainly caused by the operators.‎ D．They are the results of illegal companies.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由最后两段尤其是最后一段的“these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad”可知，单车共享存在的问题是一种国内外都普遍的现象。‎ ‎4．What could be the best title for the text?‎ A．What problems does bike sharing face in China?‎ B．Bike sharing: a new battle begins in China C．Why is bike sharing popular in China?‎ D．Bike sharing is booming in China 解析：选D　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了共享单车在中国兴起的情况，并说明了它的好处与随之而来的问题。‎ E When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name, he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year. But it has led to all kinds of trouble—as it did once again this month, when the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was ‎ awarded to a dead man.‎ It is a complex story, one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel, the Swedish inventor, died in 1896. But it all traces back to his will, written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.‎ Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year. One can guess that he wanted to reward presentday innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo, Hippocrates, and other scientists from centuries past.‎ But will and science often got involved. The oneyear timing proved impractical; scientific findings generally need to be tested, sometimes for decades, before their value is appreciated.‎ Perhaps to avoid the Galileo problem, the Nobel Foundation did state clearly that the award be given only to living people; that rule was made formal in the 1970s. But the rule against posthumous (死后的) awards has now been violated several times—most recently this month, when the prize in medicine was given to Dr Ralph M. Steinman, a scientist at Rockefeller University, who died three days before his election. His discovery, called dendritic cells (树突细胞), took place in 1973.‎ The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt. Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy. When he was selected again in 1931, he had died that April. ‎ What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting. One possibility would betowithhold (阻止) the announcement of an award until a Nobel official hears the winner's voice on the famous notification calls.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。全文论述了诺贝尔奖的评奖规则应做一些变革的原因。‎ ‎1．What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?‎ A．To make himself remembered forever.‎ B．To attract international attention to Sweden.‎ C．To encourage contributions to mankind.‎ D．To honor some dead outstanding discoverers.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“he wanted to reward scientists who ‘made the most important discovery’”可知，他创立该奖的目的就是鼓励科学发现或重大成就。‎ ‎2．Why has the Nobel Prize brought about trouble?‎ A．The oneyear timing is not workable.‎ B．Nobel Foundation tries to break his will.‎ C．Nobel's fortune is not well managed.‎ D．Candidates are hard to be selected worldwide.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The oneyear timing proved impractical;‎ ‎ scientific findings generally need to be tested, sometimes for decades, before their value is appreciated.”可知以一年为评定时效不可行，故答案为A。‎ ‎3．What do the examples of the scientist Ralph M. Steinman and the poet Erik Karlfeldt suggest?‎ A．The Nobel Foundation should obey the rules.‎ B．Some rules of the prize call for reform.‎ C．The Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.‎ D．The winner should live a very long life.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据上文可知，诺贝尔奖规定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的Ralph M. Steinman, 1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人Erik Karlfeldt，这两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。‎ ‎4．According to the last paragraph, the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner ________ .‎ A．in secret B．through a visit C．by email D．on the telephone 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“until a Nobel official hears the winner's voice on the famous notification calls”可知，诺贝尔奖是通过电话通知获奖人，故答案为D项。‎ F What will humans look like in 1,000 years? Video suggests we could develop red eyes, have darker skin and be betterlooking. Climate change, artificial intelligence and genetic mutations (基因突变) are all set to transform our bodies.‎ In the future tiny robots will be suddenly put into our own bodies, improving our abilities. Meanwhile, designer babies will cause future generations to grow into increasingly intelligent and attractive people. But while that will make us smarter, stronger and betterlooking, such genetic similarity, or lack of human diversity, leaves room for a single new disease of the future to wipe out the entire human race. As global warming takes hold, humans will also be skinnier and taller, as this body shape is better able to dissipate heat.‎ ‎ Our faces may also change greatly, according to Dr Alan Kwan, who holds a PhD in computational genomics from Washington University in St Louis. Dr Kwan has created a shocking series of images which show one possible evolution for the human race over the next 100,000 years.‎ As genetic engineering becomes normal, “the fate of the human face will be increasingly determined by human tastes，” writes Dr Kwan, while foreheads will continue to expand as our brains continue to grow larger. As man achieves total control over genetics, the human face will become heavily biased (有偏见的)towards ‎ features that humans find fundamentally appealing: strong lines, straight nose and deep eyes.‎ ‎ Dr Kwan believes eyes will grow very large as the human race colonizes (开拓殖民地)the solar system and people start living in the dimmer environments of colonies further away from the sun.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要畅想了1，000年后人类外形上将发生的巨大变化。‎ ‎1．What will happen in 1,000 years according to the text?‎ A．Humans will become less beautiful.‎ B．Humans will stay away from all diseases.‎ C．Robots will replace humans in many areas.‎ D．Humans will have higher abilities than now.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，随着将来微型机器人被植入人体，人类的本领会更强。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the second paragraph mean?‎ A．Keep something in.‎ B．Drive something out.‎ C．Make something appear.‎ D．Separate something from others.‎ 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，将来人类会更加瘦长，而这种体形上的变化是为了应对全球变暖。由此可推知，瘦长的体形更有助于人类在日趋变暖的环境中散热。故选B项。‎ ‎3．According to Dr Alan Kwan, in 100,000 years ________ .‎ A．humans will have the ability to control the solar system B．humans' foreheads will become as large as their brains C．humans will gain richer knowledge about genetics D．humans' faces will be skinnier and longer 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第四段对基因工程的介绍，尤其是“As man achieves total control over genetics”可推知，100,000年后，人类在基因方面的知识会更加丰富。其他几项均与原文信息不符。‎ ‎4．Why will the future humans have bigger eyes?‎ A．To adapt to the lack of sunlight.‎ B．To adapt to the change of climate.‎ C．To adjust to their larger foreheads.‎ D．To make themselves more beautiful.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“in the dimmer environments”可推知，由于远离太阳，未来人类生存环境中的光线会更暗，所以人们的眼睛会变大，以适应这一变化。‎