专题14 语言与学习（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题14 语言与学习（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题14 语言与学习 真题训练 Passage 1（2017年·北京卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 ‎ 阅读理解 ‎ 应用文 介绍了杂志TOKNOW Magazine ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Inspiring young minds!‎ ‎ TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.‎ What’s inside?‎ ‎ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.‎ What is so special about TOKNOW magazine? ‎ ‎ Well, it has no ads or promotions inside— ‎ instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. ‎ TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and ‎ accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.‎ Sounds too good to be true?‎ ‎ Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.‎ Happy Birthday All Year!‎ ‎ What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.‎ SUBSCRIBE NOW ‎□Annual Subscription ‎ Europe £55 Rest of World £65‎ ‎□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack ‎ Includes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription ‎ Europe £60 Rest of World £70‎ Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.‎ ‎59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?‎ A. It entertains young parents.‎ B. It provides serious advertisements.‎ C. It publishes popular science fictions.‎ D. It combines fun with complex concepts.‎ ‎60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?‎ A. Online courses.‎ B. Articles on new topics.‎ C. Lectures on a balanced life.‎ D. Reports on scientific discoveries.‎ ‎61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?‎ A. £55. B. £60. ‎ C. £65. D. £70.‎ ‎62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .‎ A. free birthday presents B. full refund within 28 days C. membership of the TOKNOW club D. chances to meet the experts in person ‎【话题解读】文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。‎ ‎59.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个方框内TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children,可知TOKNOW杂志让那些复杂的观点变得非常的有吸引力并且孩子们可以接受，有吸引力的东西肯定有趣，故可知答案为D。‎ ‎61.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe £60 Rest of World £70，中国属于Rest of World，故答案为D。‎ ‎62.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。‎ Passage 2（2017年·江苏卷 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ ‎ 说明文 ‎ ‎ 鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 ‎ Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular ＂feed me!＂ call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. ＂As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?＂ Kleindorfer asks. ＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means＂____________＂.‎ ‎ A. be the worst B. be the best ‎ C. be the as bad D. be just as good ‎59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ ‎ A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ ‎ B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ ‎ C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.‎ ‎ D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ____________.‎ ‎ A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training ‎ C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call ‎【话题解读】文章大意：文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。‎ ‎58. B【解析】根据第二段＂when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers＂可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。‎ ‎60. C【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food＂和最后一段＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。由此可知，胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。‎ Passage 3（2016年·天津卷 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ ‎ 应用文 语言学习课程广告 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 A Language Programme for Teenagers Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.‎ Our Courses Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.‎ Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).‎ Course Type Days Number of Lessons ‎ Course Timetable Standard Course Mon－Fri ‎20 lessons ‎9:00—12:30‎ Intensive Course Mon－Fri ‎20 lessons ‎9:00—12:30‎ ‎10 lessons ‎13:00—14:30‎ Evaluation Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.‎ Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.‎ Arrivals and Transfer Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. ‎ Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the ‎ student individually.‎ We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.‎ ‎36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?‎ ‎ A. It is less effective. B. It focuses on speaking.‎ ‎ C. It includes extra lessons. D. It gives you confidence.‎ ‎37. When can a student attend Standard Course?‎ ‎ A. 13:00—14:30 Monday. B. 9:00—12:30 Tuesday.‎ ‎ C. 13:00—14:30 Friday. D. 9:00—12:30 Saturday.‎ ‎38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _____.‎ ‎ A. take a language test B. have an online interview ‎ ‎ C. prepare learning materials D. report their language levels ‎39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to_____.‎ ‎ A. inform students of their full flight details ‎ B. look after students throughout the programme ‎ C. offer students free sightseeing trips ‎ D. collect students’ luggage in advance ‎40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?‎ A. Cooked dinner. B. Mealtime dessert.‎ C. Packed lunch. D. Special diet.‎ ‎【话题解读】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置以及学习、生活方面的要求。‎ ‎36.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据表格的第三行可知，加强课程和标准课程的不同在于它包括额外的课程。故选C。‎ ‎37.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据表格的第二行可知，学生可以在星期二的9点到12点半参加标准课程。故选B。‎ ‎39.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Arrivals and Transfer这部分里面的第一句，可知，如果是full package，课程的组织者应该在整个课程的过程中照顾学生。故选B。‎ ‎40.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，特殊的饮食可能要额外付款。故选D。‎ Passage 4（2014年·上海卷 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 记叙文 ‎ ‎ 通过阅读＂Patty Poem＂感受到诗歌的美 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word ＂Poems＂ appeared in big, hot pink letters.‎ ‎＂Is it good?＂ I asked her.‎ ‎＂Yeah,＂ she answered. ＂There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.＂ I leaned forward.‎ ‎＂‘Patty Poem,’＂ she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:‎ She never puts her toys away,‎ Just leaves them scattered① where they lay,… ①散乱的 The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:‎ When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重 I’ll miss her harum-scarum③ noise, ③莽撞的 And look in vain④ for scattered toys. ④徒劳地 ‎ And I’ll be sad.‎ A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.‎ ‎＂It’s you, honey,＂ My mother said sadly.‎ To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the ＂she＂ in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.‎ ‎＂What’s wrong?＂ my mother asked.‎ ‎＂Oh Mama,＂ I cried. ＂I don’t want to grow up ever!＂‎ She smiled. ＂Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?＂‎ ‎＂Okay,＂ I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.‎ I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂ remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem＂ gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.‎ ‎1. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?‎ A. It was a thick enough book.‎ B. Something on its cover caught her eye.‎ C. Her mother was reading it with interest.‎ D. It has a meaningful title.‎ ‎2. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.‎ A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused ‎3. The writer’s mother liked to read ＂Patty Poem＂ probably because______.‎ A. it reflected her own childhood B. it was written in simple language C. it was composed by a famous poet D. it gave her a hint of what would happen ‎4. It can be concluded from the passage that＂Patty Poem＂leads the writer to _______.‎ A. discover the power of poetry B. recognize her love for puzzles C. find her eagerness to grow up D. experience great homesickness ‎【话题解读】本文属于记叙文，叙述了作者通过阅读＂Patty Poem＂感受到诗歌的美，进而爱上了诗。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word ＂Poems＂ appeared in big, hot pink letters.可知我的兴趣被激起来了，主要是因为这本书封面上的＂Poems＂很大很红。故B项正确。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知当母亲读完这首诗的时候，我很难过。故A正确。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段＂I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂ remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem＂ gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.＂可知这首诗让作者感受了诗歌的美，让作者爱上了诗歌，因为这是一首有强烈的情感冲击力的诗歌。故A项正确。‎