【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMendela-amodernhero单元学案（21页）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMendela-amodernhero单元学案（21页）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5Nelson Mendela- a modern hero单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 ‎△Nelson Mandela 纳尔逊·曼德拉 ‎（前南非共和国总统）‎ quality [ˈkwɔliti] n. 质量；品质；性质 ‎△warm-hearted [,wɔ:m 'ha:tid] adj. 热心肠的 mean [mi:n]adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 active [ˈæktiv] adj. 积极的；活跃的 generous [ˈdʒenərəs] adj. 慷慨的；大方的 ‎△easy-going adj. 随和的;温和宽容的 self [self] n. 自我；自身 selfish [ˈselfiʃ] adj. 自私的 selfless ['selflis] adj.无私的；忘我的 selflessly ['selflisli] adv. 无私地；忘我地 devote  [diˈvəut] vt. 与to连用）献身；专心于 devoted [diˈvəutid] adj.忠实的；深爱的 ‎△William Tyndale 威廉·廷代尔 ‎（英国早期新教改革者）‎ ‎△Bible [ˈbaibl] n. 《圣经》‎ ‎△Norman Bethune 诺曼·白求恩 ‎（加拿大胸外科医师）‎ ‎△invader [inˈveidə] n. 侵略者 found [faund] vt. 建立；建设 republic [riˈpʌblik] n. 共和国;共和政体 principle [ˈprinsəpl] n. 法则；原则；原理 ‎△nationalism[ˌnæʃəˈnæləti]n.民族主义；国家主义 ‎△livelihood  [ˈlaivlihud] n.生计；谋生 ‎△Mohandas Gandhi 莫罕达斯·甘地 ‎（印度国民大会党领袖）‎ peaceful [ˈpi:sfəl] adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的 ‎△giant [ˈdʒaiənt] adj.巨大的；庞大的 ‎△leap [li:p] n. 飞跃；跳跃 mankind [ˌmænˈkaind] n. 人类 ‎△Elias [i'laiəs] n. 伊莱亚斯（男名）‎ lawyer [ˈlɔ:jə] n. 律师 guidance [ˈgaidəns] n. 指导；领导 legal [ˈli:gəl] adj. 法律的；依照法律的 fee [fi:] n. 费（会费、学费等）；酬金 ‎△passbook [ˈpɑ:sbuk] n. 存折、帐薄 南非共和国有色人种的身份证 ‎△Johannesburg [dʒəu'hænisˌbə:g] n. 约翰内斯堡（南非城市）‎ out of work 失业 hopeful [ˈhəupfəl] adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 ‎△ANC 非国大;非洲人国民大会;非洲民族会议（African National Congress）‎ youth [ju:θ] n. 青年；青年时期 league [li:g]同盟；联盟；联合会 Youth League 青年团 stage [steidʒ] n. 舞台；阶段；时期 vote [vəut] vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决 attack [əˈtæk] vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 violence [ˈvaiələns] n. 暴力；暴行 as a matter of fact 事实上 blow up 使充气；爆炸 equal [ˈi:kwəl] adj. 相等的；平等的 in trouble [ˈtrʌbəl] 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 willing [ˈwiliŋ] adj. 乐意的；自愿的 unfair [ʌnˈfeə] adj.不公正的;不公平的 turn to 求助于；致力于 ‎△ quote [kwəut] n. 引用语；语录 △ release [riˈli:s] vt. 释放；发行 lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 ‎△Robben Island  [ˈailənd]罗本岛 escape [iˈskeip] vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露 blanket [ˈblæŋkit] n. 毛毯；毯子 educate [ˈedju(:)keit] vt. 教育；训练 educated ['edjukeitid] adj. 受过教育的；有教养的 come to power 当权；上台 beg  [beg] vi. 请求；乞求 relative [ˈrelətiv] n. 亲戚；亲属 terror [ˈterə] n. 恐怖；可怕的人；‎ ‎ 恐怖时期；恐怖活动 cruelty [ˈkru:əlti] n. 残忍；残酷 reward [riˈwɔ:d] n. 报酬；奖金 ‎ vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎△Transkei [træns'kai] n. 特兰斯凯 ‎ （南非东南部一地区）‎ set up 设立;建立 sentence [ˈsentəns] vt. 判决；宣判 be sentenced to 被判处……（徒刑）‎ anti - ['ænti] [前缀] 反；抗；阻 anti-black adj. 反黑人的 ‎△Cape Town 开普敦（南非立法首都）‎ president [ˈprezidənt] n. 总统；会长；校长；行长 ‎△Nobel Peace  [pi:s] Prize  [praiz] 诺贝尔和平奖 opinion [əˈpinjən] n. 意见；看法；主张 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号要求翻译句子 ‎1．为了不受处罚，他开得尽可能快。(escape doing)‎ He_drove_as_fast_as_he_could_in_order_to_escape_being_punished.‎ ‎2．只有当他完成全部的任务后，才被允许短暂休息一下。(allow)‎ Only_when_he_had_finished_all_the_tasks_was_he_allowed_to_take_a_short_break._‎ ‎3．——今天，老师责备我迟到。‎ ‎——你本该向她解释一下，你在上学路上把一个生病的老人送去了医院。(should have done)‎ ‎—The_teacher_scolded_me_for_my_being_late_today.‎ ‎—You_should_have_explained_to_her_that_you_had_sent_a_sick_old_man_to_hospital_on_your_way_to_school.‎ ‎4．像我国的许多城市一样，深圳在过去30年里发生了巨大的变化。(change)‎ Like_many_cities_in_our_country,_Shenzhen_has_changed_greatly_in_the_past_thirty_years.‎ ‎5．因为无人可求助，日本发生地震时，外国游客感到非常无助。(turn to)‎ With_no_one_to_turn_to,_when_the_earthquake_in_Japan_happened,_the_foreign_tourists_felt_helpless.‎ ‎6．只有对未来抱有希望，我们才能勇敢地面对所有的困难。(only引导状语从句)‎ Only_when_we_are_hopeful_for_our_future_can_we_be_brave ‎_enough_to_face_all_the_difficulties.‎ ‎7．正是因为他的巨大贡献，他被授予了诺贝尔和平奖。(award)‎ It_was_because_of_his_great_contributions_that_he_was_awarded_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize._‎ ‎8．每次我浏览旧照片时，我就会回想起童年时的快乐日子。(be back to)‎ Every_time_I_go_through_the_old_photos,_the_happy_days_spent_in_my_childhood_were_back_to_me.‎ ‎9．在他一生中，他总是试图去帮助那些比他更加不幸的人。(unfortunate)‎ In_his_life,_he_has_always_tried_to_help_those_more_unfortunate_than_himself._‎ ‎10．起床后，他总是喝杯水，他觉得这对健康有益。(after doing sth.)‎ After_getting_up,_he_always_drinks_a_glass_of_water,_which_he_believes_is_good_for_his_health._‎ 单元综合知识训练 一、 完形填空提速训练 A year ago, when my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and I left home, my parents moved to the other side of the country. They had built a beautiful house and they love their new, pleasant __1__. My dad still works, but Mum __2__ early last year and is now __3__ and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__. She has tried joining clubs, __5__ people and integrating (融入群体)‎ ‎ into her new community but without any luck.‎ She still knows no one despite her best __6__. The area they have moved to is closed and __7__ to strangers. She is many miles from her old friends and family, __8__ all day, every day with only pets for company. She is very intelligent, artistic, loyal and funny — a truly amazing person. She has always had lovely friends and been __9__ and busy. It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks (挫折)．‎ Recently, when I chat to her, I have noticed her low __11__ — she jokes that she feels as if she is __12__ a bit of craziness from the quiet and __13__. After many years of working and __14__ a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself. __15__， my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone. My dad doesn't understand her __16__ as he is out at work all day. He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy when living in such a beautiful place and without the pressure of work. He is at a loss how he can __17__ things and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels. It has got so bad that they are __19__ moving again to a different area. However, I am in favor of that.‎ Friendship and __20__ are far more important than a fancy house.‎ 语篇解读：母亲退休后，搬了新家，尽管房子很漂亮，但在新的地方，习惯了忙碌的母亲却感到不快乐和孤独，作者由此得出：在人生中，友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。‎ ‎1．A.scenery　　　　　　 B．surroundings C．atmosphere D．attraction 解析：选B　根据前文的“my parents moved to the other side of the country ... love their new, pleasant”可知，他们在那里建造了新家并且也很喜欢那儿的环境。故选B。scenery“景色，风景”；surroundings“环境”；atmosphere“气氛”；attraction“吸引人的事物”。‎ ‎2．A.dismissed B．displaced C．retired D．removed 解析：选C　根据前文的“My dad still works”及“but”可知，此处前后是转折关系，所以这里表示母亲已经退休。故选C。dismiss“解雇”；displace“取代”；retire“退休”；remove“搬走”。‎ ‎3．A.struggling B．imagining C．seeking D．attempting 解析：选A　根据空后的“and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__”可知，母亲不太适应新的环境，所以此处表示母亲正努力适应环境。故选A。struggle“奋斗，努力”；imagine“想象”；seek“寻找”；attempt“企图”。‎ ‎4．A.available B．satisfied C．painful D．alone 解析：选D　根据后文的“She has tried joining clubs，__5__ people and integrating (融入群体) into her new community but without any luck.”‎ 可知，她变得越来越不开心和孤独。故选D。available“可获得的”；satisfied“满足的”；painful“痛苦的”；alone“孤独的”。‎ ‎5．A.meeting B．recognizing C．tracking D．calling 解析：选A　根据前文的“She has tried joining clubs”可知，此处与前后文在语义上形成并列，即她曾经尝试着加入俱乐部，结识周围的人们，融入新的社区，但都不是那么幸运，故选A。meet“结识，相识”；recognize“辨别出，承认”；track“跟踪”；call“打电话”。‎ ‎6．A.comments B．regards ‎ C．efforts D．pains 解析：选C　根据前文的“... but without any luck”可知，尽管母亲付出了很大的努力但仍一个人也不认识，故选C。comment“评论”；regards“致意，问候”；effort“努力”；pain“痛苦”。‎ ‎7．A.illegal B．unfriendly C．dishonest D．innocent 解析：选B　此处表示我父母搬来的这个地方很封闭，对待陌生人也不友好，故选B。空前的closed“封闭的，闭关自守的”是解题的关键。illegal“不合法的”；unfriendly“不友好的”；dishonest“不诚实的”；innocent“纯真的，无辜的”。‎ ‎8．A.stuck B．lost C．sleepy D．addicted 解析：选A　分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰句子的主语She。根据前文的“She is many miles from her old friends and family”及后文的“every day with only pets for company”‎ 可知，此处表示她整天困在家中，故选A。stuck“困住的”；lost“迷失的”；sleepy “瞌睡的”；addicted“入迷的，上瘾的”。‎ ‎9．A.graceful B．messy C．aggressive D．happy 解析：选D　根据倒数第二段中的“He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy”可知，母亲曾经是很幸福快乐的，搬家前后的生活形成了对比，故选D。graceful“优雅的”；messy “凌乱的”；aggressive“好斗的，声势浩大的”；happy“高兴的，幸福的”。‎ ‎10．A.escape B．bear C．undertake D．solve 解析：选B　此处表示看到母亲忍受孤独和打击，我的心就要碎了，故选B。escape“逃跑”；bear“忍受”；undertake“从事”；solve“解决”。‎ ‎11．A.attitude B．condition C．determination D．mood 解析：选D　此处表示我注意到母亲的情绪有点低落，故选D。attitude“态度”；condition“状况，状态”；determination“决心”；mood“情绪”。‎ ‎12．A.making up B．going through C．pursuing D．witnessing 解析：选B　此处表示母亲开玩笑似的说她好像正在经历来自安静和孤独的一丝疯狂，故选B。make up “编造，化妆”；go through“经历”；pursue“追求”；witness“目击，见证”。‎ ‎13．A.pressure B．loss C．loneliness D．ambition 解析：选C　根据前文“It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks(挫折)．”可知，此处为原词复现，故选C。pressure“压力”；loss“丢失”；loneliness“孤独”；ambition“野心，志向”。‎ ‎14．A.supporting B．providing C．protecting D．educating 解析：选A　此处表示多年的工作和养育一家人后，她本可以自由地享受生活。此处supporting a family意为“养育一家人”，符合语境，故选A。support“养活，赡养，维持”；provide“提供”；protect“保护”；educate“教育”。‎ ‎15．A.Unbelievably B．Remarkably C．Unfortunately D．Especially 解析：选C　根据后文的“my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone”可知，我和兄弟姐妹由于住的离母亲远，只能通过电话与她联系，所以此处应填Unfortunately“不幸地”，故选C。unbelievably“难以置信地”；remarkably“非凡地，引人注目地”；especially“尤其”。‎ ‎16．A.intention B．experience C．character D．situation 解析：选D　根据后文的“as he is out at work all day”可知，父亲整天在外面上班，他不能够理解母亲现在的状况，故选D。intention“意图”；experience“经历”；character“性格”；situation“情况，状况”。‎ ‎17．A.change B．observe C．appreciate D．increase 解析：选A　此处表示他也不知道如何改变现状，故选A。change“改变”；observe“观察”；appreciate“欣赏，感激”；increase“提高”。‎ ‎18．A.confused B．slim C．sad D．relaxed 解析：选C　此处表示父亲不知道如何改变现状，对母亲的感受感到内疚和忧伤，故选C。confused“迷惑的”；slim“小的，苗条的”；sad“忧伤的，难过的”；relaxed“放松的”。‎ ‎19．A.admitting B．considering C．enjoying D．avoiding 解析：选B　根据前文的“He is at a loss how he can __17__ things and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels”可知，此处表示家人正在考虑搬到另外一个地方，故选B。admit“承认”；consider“考虑”；enjoy“享受”；avoid“避免”。‎ ‎20．A.excitement B．embarrassment C．disappointment D．enjoyment 解析：选D　此处表示友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。故选D。excitement“兴奋”；embarrassment“尴尬”；disappointment“失望”；enjoyment“快乐”。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A When Sarah Hansen first came to Bonnie Schlachte's ballet studio, she jokingly called herself a “weeblewobble”‎ ‎， telling her ballet teacher that she would fall when she tried to walk.“She couldn't walk across the room without holding onto something，” recalled Schlachte.“She would immediately fall.”‎ Hansen was only in middle school, but a progressive neurological (神经性的) disease prevented her from walking, let alone doing ballet.But Hansen had a strong spirit and desperately wanted to learn ballet.Hansen took weekly group classes at Schlachte's ballet studio called Ballet for all Kids, a studio that teaches children with and without disabilities.Soon after she began classes and private lessons, her family saw a vast improvement in her ability to move.‎ She worked tirelessly in the studio, focusing on what her instructor wanted from her.“At the time, her foot wouldn't fully rest on the floor，” explained Schlachte.“That's why she couldn't stand on her own if there was no support.” Schlachte pushed her student, explaining to Hansen that her brain has neuroplasticity (神经可塑性), so eventually it will receive the message.‎ Holding a degree in psychology, Bonnie Schlachte was the perfect person to push Hansen to do her best.Schlachte put herself through college with dance and theater scholarships.After graduation, she came across a chance to help children with disabilities.She fell in love with and chose to focus on jobs in that field.‎ Years later, Schlachte found herself watching and celebrating Hansen, who at one point could barely walk, but now could move across the floor on her own two feet.“One day, her ankle dropped, and she put her whole foot on the ground，” said Schlachte.“I was crying and her mom was crying.It was a great moment.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，从小患有神经系统疾病的Sarah Hansen不能走路，然而她却喜欢跳芭蕾。在老师的耐心教导和自己的努力下，她终于能够独立行走了。‎ ‎1．Why did Sarah Hansen call herself a “weeblewobble”？‎ A．She had difficulty in walking.‎ B．She was a poor ballet dancer.‎ C．She had no idea about her brain.‎ D．She made slow progress at school.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段的“telling her ballet teacher that she would fall when she tried to walk”可知，当她走路时，她就会摔倒，这是她称呼自己为weeblewobble的原因。‎ ‎2．What kind of person was Sarah Hansen?‎ A．Energetic and confident.‎ B．Optimistic and generous.‎ C．Independent and outgoing.‎ D．Determined and hardworking.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第二段的“But Hansen had a strong spirit and desperately wanted to learn ballet”和第三段的第一句可推知，她是一个意志坚定而且勤奋的人。‎ ‎3．What made Schlachte and Hansen's mother cry?‎ A．Hansen's degree in psychology.‎ B．Hansen's improvement in moving.‎ C．Hansen's willingness to learn ballet.‎ D．Hansen's winning dance scholarships.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由最后一段的“could move across the floor on her own two feet”和“she put her whole foot on the ground”可知，Hansen能够自己走路了，她在走路方面取得的进步让她的老师和母亲喜极而泣。‎ B We have slow food, slow travel, even slow journalism.The slow food movement reminds us of the value of locally produced, seasonal foods, just as slow travel brings us back to local traditions we miss as we fly off in search of peak experiences.In a 24hour news era, slow journalism avoids the demands of the breaking story, revisiting and reflecting on old news.In almost every area of life, we are turning towards a world, where time is not a luxury (奢侈品) but a resting place and slowness is almost a necessity.‎ But that doesn't happen in schools.Courses are forced into short half terms.From the moment we go through school gates to the time we get out again a few short hours later, there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read and they turn to secondrate substitutes instead.Why read Plato when you can read a book ‎ about Plato? The answer is that what Plato wrote is much more interesting, dramatic and enjoyable than any of the thousands of books that have been written about him.‎ I once met a friend, a published poet.“How's the poetry going？” I asked.“It's been a good week，” he replied.“I wrote three lines.” Would we accept that rate of return from our students?‎ Slow teaching means giving students time to read and think.How often do we demand immediate answers to our questions? Silence is more often uncomfortable than golden in the classroom.Slow teaching also means resisting the temptation (诱惑) to finish every discussion and bring thinking to an end.Slow teaching encourages us to work for as long as the topic demands. Additionally, slow teaching means giving students time to explore the natural world and scientific concepts and time to go outside the curriculum and further explore it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在其他行业，人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式，但在教育领域，慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及。‎ ‎4．What is suggested in the first paragraph?‎ A．People find it a luxury to enjoy time.‎ B．Being slow is becoming a movement.‎ C．Slowness is a recognized culture now.‎ D．It is difficult for people to slow down.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知，慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化。‎ ‎5．What can we know about students' present situation?‎ A．They live in a fastpaced world.‎ B．They are more silent than active.‎ C．They mainly focus on reflecting.‎ D．They lack good reading materials.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段的“... there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out. We don't give students the time they need to read”，第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知，学校课程紧张，学生学习忙碌，甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索，即学生们处于一个快节奏的世界。‎ ‎6．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Should school curriculums be changed?‎ B．It's time for a slow teaching revolution C．The way we read should be changed D．Is a speeddriven world out of date?‎ 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要表达了作者的一种主张，即slow teaching：减慢教学速度，给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间。‎ C Stephen Hawking Warns Humans Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking ‎ warned people that the human race is in serious danger.‎ Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”‎ Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．‎ According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”‎ Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources ‎ are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”‎ The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.‎ 语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。‎ ‎7．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?‎ A．To send people to Mars.‎ B．To build a lunar base.‎ C．To send astronauts to the Moon.‎ D．To change the future of humanity.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。‎ ‎8．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．speeded up　　　　　 B．stored C．used up D．explored 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎9．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.‎ C．Positive. D．Indifferent.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。‎ ‎10．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.‎ A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。‎