【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：健康环保类

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：健康环保类

健康环保类 ‎1、      Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.‎ ‎       Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.‎ ‎       Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.‎ ‎       The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.‎ ‎       Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.‎ ‎1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?‎ A.Help increase grocery sales. B.Recycle the waste material. C.Stop things falling off trucks. D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.‎ ‎2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A.Bans on plastic bags. B.Effects of city development. C.Headaches caused by garbage. D.Plastic bags hung in trees.‎ ‎3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?‎ A.They are quite expensive. B.Replacing them can be difficult. C.They are less strong than plastic bags. D.Producing them requires more energy.‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.Plastic, Paper or Neither B.Industry, Pollution and Environment C.Recycle or Throw Away D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control ‎2、    There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they can't help putting an weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:      I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family     Wrong! While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habit of eating too much and exercising too little.     I am fat because I burn calories slowly     Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢). In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.     Exercise is boring     Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different route. If you do yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.     No pain, no gain     Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is you body telling you something's wrong,‎ ‎ and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice. 1.What does the author think about being fat? A.It is the family genes that make people fat. B.People are fat because they consume too little energy. C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat. D.It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle. 2.According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting? A.By taking varied exercise. B.By choosing simple exercise. C.By doing regular exercise. D.By sticking to outdoor exercise. 3.What is the author's opinion about "No pain, no gain" in exercising? A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience. B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt. C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal. D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To declare the importance of keeping fit. B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise. C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit. D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.‎ ‎3、    Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper.‎ ‎    Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention.There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.Losing ‎ weight,therefore,may help improve these mental functions,according to a new research led by John Gunstad,assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.‎ ‎    Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits(缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study,they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study,and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23%showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions.Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.‎ ‎    The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well," he says.‎ ‎1.There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers ________. A.believe overweight only affects our body B.have focused on ways to sharpen people's mind C.do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability D.are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions 2.The result of Gunstad's study shows that __________. A.losing weight has little effect on people s memory B.losing weight can improve people's mental functions C.overweight people are likely to have psychological problems D.overweight people's abilities of concentration differ greatly 3.What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research? A.Slim people are smarter than overweight people. B.Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing ‎ weight. C.Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operations. D.Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Body Weight and Health B.Losing Weight by Operations C.Ways to Improve Mental Functions D.Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind ‎4、    The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地).‎ ‎    It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.‎ ‎    Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.‎ ‎    What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.‎ ‎1.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.Disappearance of African elephants. B.Forests and savannas as habitats for African ‎ elephants. C.The effect of African elephants' search for food. D.The eating habit of African elephants.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?‎ A.Fixing the time. B.Worsening the state. C.Improving the quality. D.Deciding the conditions.‎ ‎3.What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?‎ A.They result from the destruction of rain forests. B.They provide food mainly for African elephants. C.They are home to many endangered animals. D.They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.‎ ‎4.The passage is developed mainly by _____.‎ A.showing the effect and then explaining the causes B.pointing out similarities and differences C.describing the changes in space order D.giving examples ‎5、    Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.‎ ‎    Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops. American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perennation. It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants —those that return year after year.‎ ‎    Soil scientist John Reganold says, "One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions. So how do you grow food on poor soils? There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the field. ”‎ ‎    Mr. Reganold says poor soils may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients. He says some farmers may have done more harm than good.‎ ‎    “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter. They're not putting in fertilizers. They can't afford those things. And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation."‎ ‎    The scientist says the word perennation defines three systems that are already used in Africa. The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture. This is where farmers plant trees with their crops. Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, but it seems to be growing in popularity.‎ ‎    The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia. The trees are planted among maize(玉米), millet or sorghum crops. They not only add nitrogen to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down. At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.‎ ‎    John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perennation.‎ ‎    “She’s a grandmother in her fifties. Her name is Rhoda Mang yana and she started using this system about twenty years ago. And her yields initially were about a ton of maize. Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare,four times what she was getting."‎ ‎1.The purpose of the passage is to ________. A.tell people how to increase production B.introduce an agricultural system in Africa C.introduce the oldest farming method in Africa D.tell us how to prevent soils from being poor 2.What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A.Being exposed to wind and rain. B.Growing different crops. C.Being polluted severely. D.Being ploughed improperly. 3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG? A.Perennation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants. B.Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production. C.Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation. D.American researchers first invented ‎ perennation. 4.Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mang'yana? A.To show the method is very popular in Africa. B.Because she is an expert at farming production. C.To prove the farming method is effective. D.Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.‎ ‎6、    Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.     Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.     Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.In the United States,a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.     You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with,use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher(洗碗机) only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. 1.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater? A.Using river water. B.Throwing batteries away. C.Paving parking lots. D.Throwing rubbish into lakes. 2.What can be inferred from the text? A.All water shortages are due to human behavior. B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water ‎ needs. C.There is much we can do to reduce family size. D.The average family in America makes proper use of water. 3.The last paragraph is intended to              . A.show us how to fix leaks at home B.tell us how to run a dishwasher C.prove what drinking glass is best for us D.suggest what we do to save water at home 4.The text is mainly about             . A.why paving roads reduces our water B.how much we depend on water to live C.why droughts occur more in dry climates D.how human activity affects our water supply ‎7、    The earth is getting warmer.The planet is suffering. But what can you do about it? Reduce the amount of waste you generate.Use cleaner energy sources and go greener todays starting with these steps:‎ ‎    Get a reusable water bottle ‎    Americans buy about 25 billion single-serving plastic water bottles each year.That's an average of 83 bottles per person per year. Plastic bottles take plenty of resources to produce,including fuel for transportation and petroleum to make the plastic. Even recycling bottles uses energy.‎ ‎    Eat less meat ‎    You don’t need to become a vegetarian(素食者) to help save the planet. Eating meat just one day less a week can reduce your negative impact on the environment. More waters energy and land are required to produce meat than to produce grain.‎ ‎    Switch to energy-efficient light bulbs(灯泡) ‎ ‎    Most households use standard incandescent(白识的) bulbs.But compact fluorescent(荧光的) light bulbs, or CFLs, use 66 percent less energy than standard bulbs, produce just as much light, last up to 10 times longer and don’t need to he replaced as often. If every household in the United States replaced just one incandescent light bulb with a CFL bulb, it would equal removing one million cars from the road.‎ ‎    Buy organic and local food ‎    Did you know that only 1 percent of pesticides(杀虫剂) applied to crops reach the pests they target? The rest enter the environment. Organic food is grown without the use of pesticides. Organic farming can use 50 percent less energy than traditional farming methods.Buying local food saves on the fuel used to transport food grown elsewhere, thousands of miles across the country or around the world.‎ ‎    Recycle your electronics ‎    Everyone knows the importance of recycling glass and plastic,but what about cell phones, computers, CDs and batteries? Electronics are responsible for about 40 percent of toxic(有毒的) heavy metals such as lead and mercury. Check with your city's recycling facilities to see if they take electronics.‎ ‎1.The readers of this passage are called on to ______. A.keep a balanced diet B.use water in a wise way C.donate money to charity D.help reduce global warming 2.What is an advantage of CFLs according to the passage? A.They use more energy but produce more light. B.They are as energy-efficient as incandescent bulbs. C.They can last longer so don't need to be replaced often. D.They cost less money than standard incandescent bulbs. 3.Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passage? A.99 percent of the pesticides used on crops are effective in practice. B.Eating meat one day less a week helps cut environment costs. C.Every year an American buys 63 plastic water bottles on average. D.Electronics account for half of poisonous heavy metals on the earth. 4.Which can be the best title for this passage? A.Why Is the Earth Getting Warmer? B.What Can You Do about ‎ Pollution? C.How Can You Lead a Greener Life? D.Who Is to Blame for Global Warming?‎ ‎8、    A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.     Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.     The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.     Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.     Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.     While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.     Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.     Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______. A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious C.were less active D.woke up later 2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A.It's been tested on mice for ten years B.It can make people more energetic C.It exists in milk in great ‎ amount D.It's used in sleeping drugs 3.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health 4.How does the author support the theme of the text? A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A 解析：文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋尽管容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。‎ ‎1. 细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。‎ ‎2. 词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bans on plastic bags,故选A。‎ ‎3. 细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知,塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故选D。‎ ‎4. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比,Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者,最适合作为标题。故选A。‎ 点睛:‎ 概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,要看懂全文的主要内容,明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题,本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比,Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者,适合作为标题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B 解析：1.【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了对肥胖和运动的几种误区。 根据第二段中“the main reason is that they share the same habit of eating too much and exercise too little.”可知不是家庭的基因而是饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼使人们变得肥胖,因此A不正确。 2.根据第四段中“The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.”总做一种运动比较无聊,应该运动多样化,接着举了不同的例子,故答案选A。 3.根据“Indeed, pain is you body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury”如果你身体感到疼痛的话,继续锻炼会导致严重的受伤。和最后一句“If they don't, rest and seek medical advice”如果疼痛不能消失,需要休息,和去看医生,故答案选B。 4.根据第一段中“There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.”可知本文讲对于肥胖我们平时的一些错误认识。故答案选B。 【长难句分析】The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.关键是要制定均衡而又多样化的方案,同时既有趣味性又要循序渐进。该句为复合句。that引导定语从句修饰program。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause ‎ for poor cognitive performance.”可知,很少有关于过度肥胖和认知功能的研究是因为研究人员不认为过度肥胖是认知水平低的一个主要原因。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“ Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University. ”可知Gunstad的研究表明减肥能提高人们的大脑认知能力。故B项正确。 3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way —eating healthier and getting more active. ”可知 Gunstad 下一步在研究中想要证明的是过度肥胖的人可以通过多锻炼变得更聪明。 4.标题归纳题。根据文章主旨句“Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper. ”可知,这篇文章主要讲述减肥可以使人变得更聪明,故D项作标题最好。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用,它不断地寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。此问为主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用。 2.推理题。根据文章第一段“As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forest and savanna surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat. ”,说明非洲大象塑造了草原的环境,也决定了其他的动物的生存的条件。 3.细节题。根据文章第二段“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant -eaters. ”说明开放的空间对于其他的食草动物也很重要。 4.推理题。本文主要通过描述大象的行为带来的具体的影响以及解释这些影响的原因。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1.写作意图题。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知,本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题,向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。 2.词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知,多年的风雨侵蚀导致了土地中的营养大量流失。C项文中未提及,B、D两项不符合句意,可排除。 3.细节理解题。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知,这种系统早已经在非洲使用,所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。 4.推理判断题。根椐文章最后两段可知,John Reganold提到Rhoda Mang’yana是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become ground water(我们铺砌的道路和停车场越多,流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。)”可知应选C项。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“...good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”,第三段最后一句“...but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.”和最后一段我们能够在生活中所采取的多种措施,可以得知B项(我们需要付出很多的努力去满足我们对水的需求)正确。 3.推理判断题。本段的中心句是第一句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”,最后一段是建议我们在家怎么做可以节约用水。故选D项。 4.主旨大意题。本篇文章主要讲的是人类活动(human activity) 对水资源供应 ( water supply) 的影响 。故选 D 项。 【长难句分析】The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.我们修建的道路和停车场越多,流入地下变成地下水的水就越少。本句采用了“the +比较级,the +比较级”结构,表示“越……就越……”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C 解析：1.主旨大意题。由于人类的活动,温室效应变得越来越严重。‎ ‎ 作者号召我们使用更干净的能源,过一种更加绿色的生活。并随后提出了一些在日常生活中行之有效的措施。故文章作者是在呼吁读者来帮助减缓温室效应。 2.细节理解题。由 Switch to energy-efficient light bulbs(灯泡) 部分的 But compact fluorescent.(荧光的) light bulbs, or CFLs... last up to 10 times longer and don't need to be replaced as often. 可知,荧光灯的优点之一就是“它们使用寿命更长,不需要频繁更换”。故选C。 3.细节理解题。由Buy organic and local food 部分的 only 1 percent of pesticides(杀虫剂) applied to crops reach the pests they largtn 可知A选项错误;由Get a reusable water bottle 部分的 That’s an average of 83 boules per person per year. 可知C选项错误;由 Recyde your electronics 部分的 Electronics are responsible for about 40 percent of toxic(有毒的) heavy metals 可知D选项错误。由Eat less meat 部分的 Eating meat just one day less a week can reduce your negative impact on the environment. More water, energy and land are required to produce meat than to produce grain.可知“每周最多一天吃肉食能帮助减少环境成本”, 故B选项正确。 4.标题归纳题。作文章起始作者就号召我们使用更加清洁的能源,过一种更加绿色的生活。然后提出了—些我们生活中可采用的行之有效的措施故How Can You Lead a Greener Life? “你怎么才能过上一种更加绿色的生活? ”最适宜做文章标题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D 解析：1.本文讲的是晚上牛奶和睡眠。 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime. 晚上喂牛奶的那些比白天为牛奶的那些更不活跃,更不焦虑。可知白天喂牛奶的那些更焦虑。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据第五段Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.晚上牛奶加快睡眠的开始,使老鼠睡的时间更长。可知D项符合题意。 3.主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素,这已经被证明能帮助人们感到困倦和减少焦虑。可知A项符合题意。 4.推理判断题。根据前三段But now a study has found it really does help people nod off-if it is ‎ milked from a cow at night 一项研究表明——;Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. 研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素;The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 来自汉城的研究者——。可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎