【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十一（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十一（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十一 ‎[一]‎ It seems that in many places storms visit more often. When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.‎ ‎“Storm chasing” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby, especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop. ‎ Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.‎ Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”‎ However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth.”‎ ‎24. Beginners of storm chasing are advised . ‎ A. not to get too close to a storm B. to spend more time on it in summer ‎ C. not to drive in a heavy rain D. to do it in an organized way ‎25. By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph, the author means that .‎ A. efforts in storm chasing are well paid ‎ B. a storm presents the greatest show on Earth C. storm chasing costs a lot of money D. storm chasing is worth hours of waiting ‎ ‎26. What can we learn from the text?‎ A. Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.‎ B. Storm chasing is only fit for young people.‎ C. Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world.‎ D. Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment.‎ 参考答案：24—26 DAD ‎ ‎ [二]‎ Technology is always trying to meet our needs and demands. There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.‎ Food production With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are ‎ 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.‎ Sustainability (可持续性)‎ The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia‎ ‎University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurant than homes and high-end restaurants.‎ ‎27. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?‎ ‎　A. It improves the cooking conditions.‎ ‎　B. It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎　C. It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ ‎　D. It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ ‎28. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food ________.‎ A. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎　B. is more tasty than food in supermarkets ‎ ‎　C. can meet individual nutritional needs ‎　D. is more available to consumers ‎29. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?‎ ‎　A. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.‎ ‎　B. Food materials have to be dry.‎ ‎　C. 3D food printers are too expensive.‎ ‎　D. The printing process is complicated.‎ ‎30. What could be the best title of the passage?‎ ‎　A. The Challenges for 3D Food Production B. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table ‎　C. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing ‎　D. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology 参考答案：27—30 DCBD ‎[三]‎ Washington D.C.is the capital of the United States. It's the center of the national government. It's a busy，working city with a large population. But what is more，Washington is also a city of history and culture.‎ ‎ Washington was created in 1790，when Congress(国会)decided to place the nation's new capital in the east of the country. It was built halfway between the northern and the southern states of the America. And of course it was named after George Washington，the first President of the United States.‎ ‎ There are many tourist sights in Washington. One of them is the White ‎ House. This is the home and office of the President of the United States. Most visitors are，however，surprised by how small the White House actually is.‎ Washington is also a great culture city. The Library of Congress contains one of the largest library collections in the world. The Smithsonian Museum holds the nation's largest collection of cultural materials. And John F．Kennedy Center is a famous center of art and culture. It has many great musical and theatre performances throughout the year.‎ ‎21. The writer mainly talks about________.‎ A．Washington B．the history and culture of Washington C．buildings and sights in Washington D．the history of Washington ‎22. The writer introduces Washington in the order of ________.‎ A．general introduction，history，sights and culture.‎ B．general introduction，sights and history C．population，history and culture ‎ D．history and culture ‎23. It can be learned from the passage that________.‎ A．Washington is the largest city in the USA ‎ B．Washington is also the center of economic in the USA C．it is situated in the west of the USA ‎ D．Washington is a young city 参考答案：21-23 BAD ‎ ‎[四]‎ Soda is refreshing and delicious, but it is not part of a healthy, balanced diet. Most sodas are packed with sugar. In fact, a can of soda can be hiding up to 10 teaspoons of sugar! The sugar does make soft drinks delicious, but definitely not nutritious. Too much sugar in a person’s diet can lead to diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, and tooth problems. One of the biggest sugary soda problems is that drinking much can lead to weight gain and even obesity.‎ There are diet options available for almost every kind of pop (汽水), which means that you don’t have to drink all that sugar in order to enjoy a can of soda. Many studies have been done on whether or not aspartame (甜味剂), the sugar substitute in diet soda, is bad for you. Up to now, there are still conflicting opinions on this issue. The European Food Safety Authority recently concluded that aspartame is safe for most people, even in fairly large amounts. Aspartame still might not be good for you, though. Studies have shown that people who drink diet sodas may actually gain more ‎ weight than those who drink regular soda, perhaps because, strangely enough, drinks loaded with fake sugar may actually make you want to eat more.‎ Maybe you’ve decided it’s time to cut down on your soda drinking, but what should you drink instead? Water is absolutely the healthiest thing that you can drink. Your body needs water to stay hydrated (含水的) and function properly, and water contains no calories or fat. Drinking fruit juice occasionally is not a bad thing, but you should be careful what juice and how much juice you’re drinking. Fruit juices can contain almost as much sugar as pop!‎ As with most things to do with your health, moderation is really at the base of any healthy diet. You can totally drink soda, even the sugary kind just, make sure you’re not drinking too much!‎ ‎24. What can we know about sugar in Paragraph 1?‎ A. Sugar is a necessary material in making Soda.‎ B. Too much sugar may cause health problems. ‎ C. Sugar can make Soda delicious and nutritious.‎ D. Sugar can lead to much fat or even obesity.‎ ‎25. What does the author think of aspartame in diet Soda?‎ A. He agrees that aspartame might not be good for health. ‎ B. He believes large amounts of aspartame is safe for people.‎ C. He thinks that aspartame may do great harm to health.‎ D. He insists that aspartame is much safer than sugar.‎ ‎26. What does the author advise us to drink more?‎ A. Tea. B. Fruit juice. C. Pop D. Water.‎ 参考答案：24-26 BAD ‎[五]‎ Researchers are now using three-dimensional or 3D printing to create models of the human heart to help heart specialists. The heart doctors can use the models to better help patients before an operation.‎ Surgeons regularly use digital images to explore the heart in close detail. But no two human hearts are alike. This led Matthew Bramlet, a children's heart expert, to create exact heart models from those images. He says the 3D models show information he cannot get in any other way. The 3D printed model adds a new dimension to heart surgery, allowing surgeons ‎ to see defects that might not be readily apparent in digital images.‎ A 3D printer uses images from a digital display to create a physical model of a human heart. Pictures from medical tests like a CAT scan or an MRI scan are sent to a 3D printer to create a heart in a plaster or a clay form. The printer then constructs the heart, thin layer by thin layer. Dr. Bramlet says the model matches the real heart in every detail.‎ Dr. Bramlet has built model hearts for different kinds of heart operations. All of the operations were successful. In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby's heart. But the 3D printed model showed several defects that the baby was born with. Dr. Bramlet says those defects could not be seen easily in the images. The heart surgeon was able to change the type of surgery for the patient based on the 3D model. He added that 3D heart models saved time during heart operations.‎ Kathy Magliato is a heart surgeon. She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients.‎ Matthew Bramlet continues to research the technology. He is working with the National Institute of Health to build a 3D library that includes heart models and images that others can use.‎ ‎28. What can the heart model created by 3D printing do?‎ A.  It can make defects readily apparent.            ‎ B. It can conduct heart operations.‎ C. It can replace the human heart.    ‎ D. It can serve as an alternative to a CAT scan.‎ ‎29. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?‎ A. Dr.Bramlet wasted a lot of time in heart operations.‎ B. 3D heart models have not been used in surgery at present.‎ C. All of the operations were unsuccessful without 3D models.‎ D. The model revealed defects previously unseen in the baby's heart.‎ ‎30. How does Kathy Magliato feel about the 3D printing?‎ A. Supportive. B. Tolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Negative.‎ 参考答案：28-30 ADA ‎ ‎[六]‎ Hawaii would seem to be a farmer’s paradise, with its warm climate, rich soil, and plentiful rain. But in fact, only 40% of the fresh fruits and vegetables consumed (消费) in this beautiful island state are produced here. The remaining 60% are shipped to Hawaii from the mainland U.S. and foreign countries.‎ Hawaii produces only 48% of the beef, 36% of the pork, and 32% of the poultry（家禽）consumed there. Instead of producing vegetable crops for home consumption, much of Hawaii’s farmland is devoted to growing sugar cane or pineapples, the island’s two main export crops. The only fresh foods in which Hawaii is self-sufficient（自给自足）are milk and eggs.‎ Hawaii’s farmers could produce more fresh fruits and vegetables for home consumption, but they can often get higher prices for export crops than for crops grown for Hawaiian consumption. Inefficient transportation among Hawaii’s islands also drives up the prices of Hawaiian fruits and vegetables, making them more expensive than those flown in from the U.S. mainland. As long as it is more profitable to export sugar and pineapples than to produce fruits and vegetables for home consumption, Hawaiian farmers will continue to do so. ‎ ‎11. What percentage of the fresh fruits and vegetables consumed in Hawaii is imported?‎ A. Only a small percentage of the fresh fruits and vegetables.‎ B. Forty-eight percent of the fruits and vegetables.‎ C. All the fruits and vegetables except pineapples.‎ D. Sixty percent of the fruits and vegetables.‎ ‎12. The main crops grown for the export in Hawaii are ______. ‎ A. milk and eggs B. sugar cane and pineapples C. fresh fruits and vegetables D. beef, pork and poultry ‎13. From the passage, we can see that ______.‎ A. most of Hawaii’s imports come from the mainland U.S.‎ B. Hawaiians don’t eat much poultry C. 36% of the pork eaten in Hawaii is imported D. Hawaii produces less than half of the beef consumed in Hawaii ‎14. Hawaii’s farmers don’t produce more fresh fruits and vegetables for home consumption because ______.‎ A. Hawaii doesn’t have a warm climate, good soil or enough rain B. They can often get a higher price for export crops C. Hawaii is already self-sufficient in fresh fruits and vegetables D. Fruits and vegetables flown in from the mainland U.S. taste better ‎15. What drives up the price of Hawaiian-grown fruits and vegetables?‎ A. The prices of milk and eggs.‎ B. Competition from imported fruits and vegetables.‎ C. The prices of crops grown for home consumption.‎ D. Inefficient transportation among Hawaii’s islands.‎ 参考答案：11-15 DBDBD ‎[七]‎ During the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the London district of Southwark was prospering, and a very important and far-reaching development was taking place at Bankside, an area situated just beside the church now known as Southwark Cathedral. The Rose Theater, the Swan, the Hope Playhouse and Bear Garden were set up here along with the famous Globe Theater, in which Shakespeare acted.‎ William Shakespeare is commemorated（纪念）in Southwark Cathedral today by the modern memorial window in the south aisle. The window was designed by Christopher Webb in 1954, after an earlier window had been destroyed in the war, and describes characters from Shakespeare’s plays. Below it is a figure of Shakespeare, carved by Henry McCarthy in 1912, set against a background of seventeenth-century Southwark in relief（浮雕）, showing the Globe Theatre, Winchester Palace and the Tower of St. Saviour’s Church. This memorial was provided by public support and was dedicated（奉献）in 1911, and every year a birthday service, attended by many great actors and actresses, is held here in honor of Shakespeare’s genius. Shakespeare’s brother Edmund was buried here in 1607, and although the position of Edmund’s grave is unknown, he is commemorated by an inscribed（刻写）stone.‎ ‎16. In Shakespeare’s lifetime Bankside in Southwark was well-known for ______.‎ A. the style of its buildings B. Shakespeare’s performances at the Globe Theater C. its influence on public taste D. the number of plays produced there ‎17. The original memorial window to Shakespeare in Southwark Cathedral was ______.‎ A. designed in 1954 B. destroyed by enemy action C. replaced during the Second World War D. carved in 1912‎ ‎18. Under the window there is a _______. ‎ A. painting of seventeenth-century Southwark ‎ B. wooden picture C. carved figure ‎ D. grave of Shakespeare’s brother ‎19. In Southwark Cathedral, on the anniversary of Shakespeare’s birth, there is _______.‎ A. a commemoration service B. a drama festival C. a special service for actors D. a theatrical presentation ‎20. This information would most likely be found in ________.‎ A. an advertisement B. a historical stone C. a tourist guide D. a news bulletin 参考答案：16-20 BBCAC ‎ ‎[八]‎ In any theatrical performance the actors are just a small part of the people needed．‎ ‎ Once the play has been decided by the director， the actors must be chosen． This is done by casting，a very skillful and important occupation． The actors will create a success or a failure out of a production． They have to be right for the part they will play， and also work well with the director．‎ ‎ Production planning is the next important step． The style of the play is confirmed （确定） and then a small model of the different rooms on stage （sets） is created． It will be important that the sets can be taken down and rebuilt easily as the production may travel to different theatres．‎ ‎ Detailed drawings of each set are produced and the Workshop， Paint shop and Props Department go to work． The Props Department is responsible for some of the stage furniture plus the extra items which the actor will need while they are on stage．‎ ‎ The Costume Designer decides how all the actors will be dressed． This includes shoes， hats， costumes， jewels． Costume makers have fittings with the actors to get the costume sizes right for the whole cast． Wigs （假发） and make﹣up are dealt with by another set of experts．‎ ‎ It is the Stage Planning team who schedule rehearsals（排练） and decisions made here will affect how the production is organized．‎ ‎ The Stage Department is responsible for making sure that everything at the theatre is in place and working properly． Before the play is performed， they will have a technical run of the performance in which the Lighting and Sound team work to create the right effects．‎ ‎ Few realize how many people are behind the scenes every time the curtain rises at the theatre!‎ ‎24. What is the text mainly about？　 　‎ A．The course of choosing actors． B．The work behind the stage．‎ C． The importance of a director's job． D． The course of a theatrical performance．‎ ‎25. Why is it important for the sets to be taken down？　 　‎ A． It will save much money．‎ B．The director wants to create the right effects.‎ C．The sets will often be used in other theatres．‎ D． It will make the stage convenient for the actors to use．‎ ‎26. Which of the following shows the correct steps of a theatrical performance？　 　‎ a． creating stage settings b． finishing the casting c． deciding a play d． having rehearsals A． c﹣a﹣b﹣d． B． b﹣a﹣c﹣d． ‎ C． b﹣a﹣d﹣c． D． c﹣b﹣a﹣d．‎ ‎27. Which of the following can be learned from the text？　 　‎ A． The actors' job is the least important of a theatrical performance．‎ B． More and more people realize the job done behind the scenes．‎ C．The Stage Department takes charge of the technical run of the performance． ‎ D．Costume makers sometimes take care of wigs and make﹣up as well．‎ 参考答案：24-27.BCDC ‎ ‎[九] ‎ To the west and off the European Continent，there are several thousands of islands on the Continental shelf （大陆架）．They are generally called the British Isles．Of all these isles，the largest one is called Great Britain．For the convenience's sake，it is often shortened to Britain．Still to the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Ireland．The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland （UK） is made up of Great Britain，Northern Ireland，and a number of smaller islands around them．The total area of the country is some 240，000 square kilometers with a population of about 57 million．‎ Great Britain runs nearly 1，000 kilometers from south to north and extends，at the widest part，about 500 kilometers from west to east．Its area is some 230，000 square kilometers．Great Britain is traditionally divided into three parts，or countries：England in the south，Scotland in the north，and Wales in the southwest．There are discernible （可辨别的） differences between them even now．‎ England is the largest and most developed of all the three．Its area，about 130，000 square kilometers，takes up nearly 60% of the whole island．Its population is more than 46million which makes up 85% of the country's whole population．The importance of England is so great in Britain that some foreigners just say "England" when they mean Britain．The same is true of the custom of speaking of the British people as the English who are the majority in the United Kingdom．Scotland is the second largest both in area and population．It has an area of about 78，760 square kilometers，less than 30% of the whole island，with a population of 5million，less than one﹣tenth of the whole population．‎ Wales is the smallest of the three both in area and population．In ‎ area，20，700 square kilometers，it makes up less than 9% of the total area while its population，2.7 million，does not exceed （超过） 5% of the whole．‎ ‎32．The British Isles is made up of　 　．‎ A．the European Continent and Great Britain ‎ B．the UK and the Republic of Ireland C．England，Scotland and Wales D．several thousands of islands to the west and off the European Continent ‎33．Which of the following figures shows the correct position of Great Britain？　 　‎ ‎34．From the third paragraph we can infer that Great Britain has a population of about　 　 million．‎ A. 46 B. ‎54 C.60 D.57‎ ‎35．Which of the following statements is TRUE？　 　‎ A．Great Britain is six times larger than Wales in area．‎ B．England is six times larger than Scotland in area．‎ C．Scotland is six times larger than Wales in area．‎ D．England is six times larger than Wales in area．‎ 参考答案：32-35 DBBD ‎ ‎[十]‎ Far from the land of Antarctica (南极洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.‎ For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret.‎ ‎ The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.‎ Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.‎ The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -‎-1.88°C and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -‎-2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.‎ The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.‎ Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.‎ ‎32. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.‎ B. A special fish living in freezing waters.‎ C. The ice shelf around Antarctica.‎ D. Protection of the Antarctic cod.‎ ‎33. Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?‎ A. A special protein keeps it from freezing.‎ B. It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture C. The seawater has a temperature of ‎-1.88°C.‎ D. Its blood has a temperature lower than ‎-2.05°C.‎ ‎34. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?‎ A. A type of ice-salt mixture. B. Sugar molecule.‎ C. Fish blood. D. A newly found protein.‎ ‎35. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A. ice B. sugar C. blood D. molecule 参考答案：‎ ‎32-35 B A D B