【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测北师大版：必修2Unit5　Rhythm作业

【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测北师大版：必修2Unit5　Rhythm作业

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·洛阳、许昌质检)Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(竖琴), near Alexandria’s historic waterfront.‎ A glass harp is made up of differentsized drinking glasses, each containing water. Turner makes music by running his fingers over the tops of the glasses. By doing so, each glass makes a different musical sound.‎ Turner is 78 years old now. He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table. He has been playing it for 50 years.‎ Today Turner puts together his instrument by placing 60 different glasses on a wooden soundboard. He holds the glasses in place with rubber bands, which keeps them from breaking. He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound. Adding water to a glass will make a lower sound. The smaller bowls of water produce a higher sound, while the larger ones produce a lower, deeper sound.‎ Turner always uses lowpriced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶) and he has more control over the sound. Before buying new glasses, he will test them in stores.‎ The glass harp was popular 300 years ago when composers like Wolfgang Mozart wrote music for the instrument. There have been about 400 pieces of music written just for the glass harp. But Turner plays all kinds of music, even popular music from China. Few people play the glass harp these days, but Turner says he sees videos of people experimenting with the instrument on the Internet. He hopes the next generation will continue making their music.‎ ‎【解题导语】　杰米·特纳经常在弗吉尼亚州亚历山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃竖琴：敲击不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯，发出动听的乐声。他不仅能演奏玻璃竖琴专门乐曲，还能用它演奏中国流行音乐。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Turner?‎ A．He began playing the glass harp at six.‎ B．He often teaches glass harp lessons online.‎ C．He is a great master of the Chinese language.‎ D．He was inspired by his father to learn the glass harp.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table.”可知，‎ 在六岁时，杰米·特纳听到父亲在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音乐，开始对玻璃竖琴产生兴趣。据此可知，D项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the author say about the glass harp?‎ A．Its inventor is Wolfgang Mozart.‎ B．It is made up of glasses of the same size.‎ C．It appears to be gaining in popularity today.‎ D．Its sounds are affected by the amount of water in the glasses.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound.”可知，杯子中的水量不同，产生的音调也不同；添加或去掉少量水就会改变声音。据此可知，玻璃竖琴的声音受杯子中水量的影响，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．Why does Turner prefer to use cheap glass?‎ A．To save money.‎ B．To produce better sounds.‎ C．To help recycle drinking glasses.‎ D．To increase difficulty in performing.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Turner always uses lowpriced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶) and he has more control over the sound.”可知，特纳总是使用低价玻璃杯是因为其声音听起来比昂贵的水晶杯好听，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Musician Pleases Crowds by Playing the Glass Harp B．Playing the Glass Harp: a New Trend C．Jamey Turner’s Dream Coming True D．Wonderful Music Has No Borders A　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(竖琴), near Alexandria’s historic waterfront.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位音乐家为人群演奏玻璃竖琴的故事。故A项最适合作本文标题。‎ B ‎(2020·商丘高三模拟)Kendrick Lamar hasn’t had much luck when it comes to winning a Grammy. But that’s OK：The US rapper has just won a Pulitzer Prize for his music.‎ In 2014, in 2016, and again in 2018, Lamar was nominated(提名) for an album of the year Grammy. Each time, he was beaten out, first by Taylor Swift, next by Daft Punk, and most recently by Bruno Mars.‎ But the Pulitzer Prize committee was inspired enough by Lamar’s 2017 album, Damn., to award the Pulitzer Prize in music on April 16. It’s an amazing album that documents the real life of modern AfricanAmericans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms.‎ Lamar’s win is considered to be historical. The Pulitzers have long displayed their preference towards high art rather than the pop culture of the masses. So it’s not just that no rapper has ever won a Pulitzer: no pop music maker has ever won one in the award’s history.‎ But Lamar is not just a singer—he’s clever at using language. Like the best writers, his music describes small moments that illustrate larger points. His songs are about his experience as a black man who grew up in California, struggled, got into trouble, and found his way out by working hard and making sense of the history and reality in the US.‎ ‎“He’s an artist who challenges ideas，” said Ryan Coogler, director of the blockbuster(大片) Black Panther, for which Lamar created music. “One big theme in our film is this idea of ‘What does it mean to be African？’ Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”‎ Good artists entertain us, great artists make us think, and exceptional artists help us empathize(产生共鸣)．‎ There are a lot of good, great, even exceptional artists in rock, pop, country, and hiphop. But only Lamar has won a Pulitzer Prize.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。美国说唱歌手Kendrick Lamar以说唱歌手的身份获得了普利策奖。‎ ‎5．What is Lamar’s album Damn. about?‎ A．AfricanAmericans’ history and culture.‎ B．Hardships of the AfricanAmerican artists.‎ C．The ways the US government deal with problems.‎ D．The lives of modern black people in South Los Angeles.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s an amazing album that documents the real life of modern AfricanAmericans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms.”可知，Lamar的这张专辑主要讲述的是生活在洛杉矶南部的当代美籍非洲人的真实生活。故选D。‎ ‎6．Why is Lamar’s Pulitzer Prize win significant?‎ A．He is the first filmmaker to win the prize.‎ B．It is considered a milestone for pop music.‎ C．He is the first black person to win the prize.‎ D．He has missed Grammy several times before.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Lamar’s win is considered to be ‎ historical.”和“no pop music maker has ever won one in the award’s history”可推知，Lamar获得普利策奖具有重大意义。故选B。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from Ryan Coogler’s words?‎ A．Lamar drew inspiration from his own experience.‎ B．Lamar has the courage to take on big challenges in life.‎ C．Black Panther is well known because of Lamar’s music.‎ D．Lamar’s music matches the theme of Black Panther well.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中Ryan Coogler说的话“One big theme in our film is this idea of ‘What does it mean to be African？’ Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”可知，Lamar的音乐与电影《Black Panther》主题相一致。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·合肥高三调研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．‎ As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the wornout dress that she was wearing.‎ Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. Af first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”．‎ ‎【解题导语】　“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具：“我”远远地看见了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾堆里寻找食物为生；于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；“我们”发现那位女孩在追“我们”，于是停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。‎ ‎1．A.showing　　　　　　　 B．recommending C．distributing D．selling C　解析：根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我们”‎ 在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。‎ ‎2．A.left B．changed C．chose D．approached D　解析：根据上文“我们”在新年期间去给无家可归的人分发玩具，可推知此处指当“我们”接近目的地的时候，有东西引起“我”的注意。故选D。‎ ‎3．A.guaranteed B．realized C．decided D．accepted B　解析：根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。‎ ‎4．A.boys B．children C．drivers D．adults B　解析：根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。‎ ‎5．A.happily B．angrily C．hopefully D．helplessly D　解析：根据下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the wornout dress”可推知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。‎ ‎6．A.still B．less C．especially D．probably C　解析：根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。‎ ‎7．A.similar B．different C．difficult D．ordinary B　解析：根据下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach” “I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，“我们”的生活差别很大。故选B。‎ ‎8．A.searching B．getting C．running D．breaking A　解析：根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。‎ ‎9．A.food B．safety C．health D．transport A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。‎ ‎10．A.doubtful B．distant C．promising D．foreseeable C　解析：根据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，也有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。‎ ‎11．A.present B．decoration C．requirement D．possession D　解析：根据上文内容并结合语境可推知，那位小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产”。‎ ‎12．A.give away B．give back C．hand out D．hand in A　解析：根据下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand”可推知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。‎ ‎13．A.station B．stop C．street D．signal B　解析：根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来(stop)，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。‎ ‎14．A.tore B．placed C．dropped D．threw B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.anger B．pain C．surprise D．disappointment C　解析：根据空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和语境可推知，刚开始那个小女孩惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。‎ ‎16．A.hope B．loneliness C．anxiety D．astonishment A　解析：根据上文，他们绝望地坐在垃圾堆旁边，并结合语境可推知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。‎ ‎17．A.walk B．get C．lift D．drive D　解析：根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，“我们”开始准备离开(drive off)，那时“我们”才意识到，那位小女孩正在后面(behind)追赶“我们”。‎ ‎18．A.behind B．away C．out D．in A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.got along B．come along C．caught up D．turned up C　解析：根据上文中的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了“我们”。故选C。get along with “与……相处”；come along with “和……在一起”；catch up with “追上，赶上”。‎ ‎20．A.final B．new C．key D．simple D　解析：根据语境可知，小女孩直视着“我”，说了两个简单的词“Thank You”。故选D。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·滁州高三质检)A study of 500，000 songs released(发行) in the UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.‎ In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “‘Happiness’ is going down, ‘sadness’ is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more ‘danceable’ and more ‘partylike’，” coauthor Natalia L．Komarova told The Associated Press.‎ The study found songs in 2014 like Stay with Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “low happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie to You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more unhappy songs are being released each year，” the researchers wrote.‎ Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s. “So it looks like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.‎ It was also found that the “maleness” of songs—the frequency of male singers in popular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterised by a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.‎ This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。‎ ‎1．The researchers examined lots of songs to ________．‎ A．find songs for dances and parties B．choose songs for a journal C．release more songs D．know better about songs D　解析：推理判断题。本文第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。‎ ‎2．Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?‎ A．Natalia L．Komarova’s.‎ B．Sam Smith’s.‎ C．Gorgon City’s.‎ D．Bruce Springsteen’s.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen...had a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D项正确。Natalia L．Komarova为报道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam Smith、Gorgon City所演唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除。‎ ‎3．What do we know about songs over the past three decades?‎ A．Rock became popular in the early 2000s.‎ B．Fewer unhappy songs came to light every year.‎ C．Male singers were better at performing pop music.‎ D．Female artists were less skilled in writing songs.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Pop Music Is Getting Sadder B．Music Calls for Sex Equality C．Pop Music Has a Long History D．Music Industry Is Going Down A　解析：标题归纳题。根据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是本文中提到的一个细节；C项不是本文的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。‎ B ‎(2020·马鞍山高三模拟)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strangelooking creatures, covered with hard scales(鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.‎ Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.‎ Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.‎ A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.‎ Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。‎ ‎5．Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because ________．‎ A．they look strange B．they appear in some movies C．they are killed and eaten by people D．they have something to do with pandas C　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，‎ 然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。‎ ‎6．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.‎ B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.‎ C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.‎ D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物，故选D。‎ ‎7．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________．‎ A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins B．lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins C．remind people of pangolins’ medical value D．explain the law to people B　解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段主要陈述了为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故选B。‎ ‎8．What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?‎ A．Positive. B．Negative.‎ C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.‎ A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·安阳诊断)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1.________ Remember, just because you can do something that does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.‎ Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2.________‎ Set up your personal boundaries.3.________ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.‎ ‎4．________ People often won’t take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.‎ Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5.________ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.‎ A．This will help you say “No” with ease.‎ B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.‎ C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.‎ D．It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.‎ E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.‎ F．It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.‎ G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes” .‎ ‎【解题导语】　我们可以通过设定边界、不断训练等方式，勇敢地向他人说“不”。‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”。故选G。‎ ‎2．A　解析：本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”，这是你的权利。记住这一点，将帮助你轻而易举地拒绝别人。故选A。‎ ‎3．D　解析：根据空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说‘不’总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎4．B　解析：空后三句讲述的是，人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由劝你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧。故选B。‎ ‎5．E　解析：本段讲述的是要训练自己说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”。由此可知E项“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·驻马店高三联考)China’s space program has become the first 1.____________(land) a spacecraft on the socalled dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.‎ Chang’e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.____________empty surface that appears to be 3.____________(light) by a light from the ‎ lunar explorer.‎ The name Chang’e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.____________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.‎ The landing is an example of China’s 5.____________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.____________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.____________(it) position.‎ Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University’s school of astronomy and space science. He told The Associated Press, “8.____________ the whole, China’s space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”‎ He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There’s no doubt 9.____________ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.‎ In 2013, Chang’e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union’s Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.____________(success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。‎ ‎1．to land　解析：考查非谓语动词。the first to do sth.第一个做某事。故填to land。‎ ‎2．an　解析：考查冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎3．lit/lighted　解析：考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。‎ ‎4．has lived　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。‎ ‎5．growing　解析：考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。‎ ‎6．programs　解析：考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式，故填programs。‎ ‎7．its　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。‎ ‎8．On　解析：考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填On。‎ ‎9．that　解析：考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法there is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，故填that。‎ ‎10．successfully　解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。‎