2020届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（45页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（45页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit4Global warming单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．random adj. 　　　　　　　 胡乱的；任意的 ‎2．fuel n. 燃料 ‎3．per prep. 每；每一 ‎4.data n. [纵联1] 资料；数据 ‎5．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向 ‎6．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫 ‎7.flood n. [纵联2] 洪水；水灾 ‎8．outer adj. 外部的；外面的 ‎9.graph n. [纵联3] 图表；坐标图；曲线图 ‎10．motor n. 发动机 ‎11．can n. 容器；罐头 ‎12.microwave n. [纵联4] 微波炉；微波 ‎13．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎2．phenomenon n. 现象 ‎3．quantity n. 量；数量 ‎4．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎5．range n. 种类；范围 ‎6．glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥 ‎7．average adj. 平均的 ‎8．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的 ‎9．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉 ‎10．casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 ‎11．circumstance n. 环境；情况 ‎12．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 ‎13．presentation n. 显示；演出 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客；消费者→consumption n．消费 ‎2．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助→subscription n．同意；捐赠；订阅；签署 ‎3．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势 ‎4．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的 ‎5．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 ‎6．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明；说法；表白 ‎ ‎7．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地 ‎8．economical adj.节约的；经济的→economic adj.经济的→economy n．经济；节约 ‎9．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在→existing adj.目前的；现在的 ‎10．pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.被污染的 ‎11．growth n．增长；生长→grow v．种植；生长；发展 ‎12．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricity n．电；电力→electric adj.电的；电动的→electronic adj.电子的 [纵联5]‎ ‎13．educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育；培养→education n．教育；培养 ‎14．contribution n．贡献；捐助→contribute v．贡献；撰稿；捐助；捐赠 ‎15．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎16．disagreement n．分歧；不一致→disagree v．不同意→agree v．同意；赞成→agreement n．同意；赞成；一致 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.特别“不规则”的名词复数小结 ‎①datum→data　　　　　　　　　 数据 ‎②medium→media 媒体 ‎③bacterium→bacteria 细菌 ‎④criterion→criteria 标准 ‎⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象 ‎⑥crisis→crises 危机 纵联2.多“灾”多“难”‎ ‎①flood水灾　　　　　　　　　 ②drought旱灾 ‎③disaster灾难 ④catastrophe大灾难 ‎⑤earthquake地震 ⑥tsunami海啸 纵联3.这些“表格”要分清 ‎①graph图表；曲线图 ②diagram图解；图表 ‎③table表格；一览表 ④form表格 ‎⑤chart表格；图表 纵联4.前缀micro名词家族 ‎①microwave微波炉；微波 ②microscope显微镜 ‎③microphone麦克风；话筒 ④microcomputer微机 纵联5.小心触“电”‎ ‎①electrical adj.电的；与电有关的 ②electricity n．电；电力 ‎③electric adj.电的；电动的 ④electronic adj.电子的 ‎⑤electrics n．电路 ⑥electrician n．电工；电学家 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——环境保护 子话题1　人类发展 ‎①resident n. 　　 　　　　 　　　 居民 ‎②habitant n. 居民；居住者 ‎③immigrant n. 移民 ‎④migration n. 迁移；移居 ‎⑤ageing n．& adj. 老龄化；变老的 ‎⑥decrease vi. 减少 ‎⑦decline vi. 降低；下降 ‎⑧settle in 迁入；安顿下来 ‎⑨birth/death rate 出生/死亡率 ‎⑩floating population 流动人口 ‎⑪population density 人口密度 ‎⑫universal twochild policy 全面二孩政策 子话题2　环境污染与保护 ‎①atmosphere n. 大气 ‎②waste n. 废料；垃圾 ‎③radiation n. 放射；放射物 ‎④emission n. 排放 ‎⑤recycle vt. 回收；循环利用 ‎⑥replace/substitute vt. 取代 ‎⑦environmentally friendly adj. 环保的 ‎⑧soil erosion 水土流失 ‎⑨alternative energy 替代能源 ‎⑩solar energy/power 太阳能 ‎⑪nuclear energy/power 核能 ‎⑫be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处 ‎⑬bring ...under control 把……控制住 ‎⑭be/become aware of 意识到 ‎⑮raise the awareness of 提高……意识 ‎⑯live a low carbon life 过低碳生活 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment❶ — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume❷ much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ ‎①写出environment在本单元的同根形容词：environmental ‎②选出加彩词在句中的含义：__B__‎ A．消费　　　　　B．消耗　　　　　C．吃完 ‎2．(2015•天津高考阅读C)In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf 　❶　 random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented❷ a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret ‎ sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.‎ ‎①在空白处填入适当的介词：at，与random搭配意为随意地 ‎②present在此处意为“呈现”，写出它在本单元的同根名词：presentation ‎3．(2014•广东高考阅读D)As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers❶ from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects 　❷　 (range) from potatoes to golf gloves.‎ ‎①选出加彩词在句中的意思：__C__‎ A．订阅者　B．捐款人　C．提供帮助的人 ‎②用range的适当形式填空：ranging 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)作为学生，我们也能为环境保护作出贡献。(contribute, environmental)‎ As students, we can_also_contribute_to_the_environmental_protection.‎ ‎2．(2013•辽宁高考书面表达)除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多的选择，比如旅游、拜访亲戚或朋友。(range)‎ In addition to these traditional activities, we_have_a_wide_range_of_choices such as travelling and visiting our ‎ relatives or friends.‎ ‎3．(2018•江苏高考书面表达)无论买什么东西，我倾向于查阅消费排名。(tend, consumption)‎ I tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings whatever I purchase.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．quantity n．量；数量 ‎[记牢]‎ a large/small quantity of　　　　　 大/少量的 ‎(large) quantities of 大量的 in quantity/in large quantities 大量 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A large quantity of tools was (be) sold in the market yesterday.‎ ‎②Large quantities of rain are (be) needed in this area.‎ 单句改错 ‎③He wants to buy the books in a quantity, so the storekeeper will not charge him much.去掉a ‎[用准]　含quantity的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•天津高考书面表达)我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛，并且获了奖，因此你肯定积累了大量的经验。‎ I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must_have_accumulated_a_large_quantity_of/large_quantities_of_experience.‎ ‎2．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　　 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人/某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.‎ ‎②Her parents opposed her (she) going abroad.‎ ‎③Many educators strongly oppose protecting (protect) children too much. ‎ ‎[用准]　oppose后面可跟动名词作宾语，不可接动词不定式。be opposed to结构中，to为介词，其后跟动词时，也要用动名词形式。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④现在，越来越多的英文单词进入到汉语中，有些人支持，然而有些人反对。‎ Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Some_people_support_it_while_others_oppose. ‎ ‎3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)as a consequence　　　　　　　　　 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故 in consequence＝consequently 因此；结果 ‎(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.‎ ‎②The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.‎ 补全句子 ‎③Ten years ago, thousands of people lost their lives as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of the big earthquake.‎ 十年前，成千上万的人因那场大地震而失去了生命。‎ ‎[写美]　升级句中加彩短语 ‎④As a result, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.As_a_consequence ‎4．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)a wide range of　　　　　　　 一系列……‎ within/in the range of 在……范围内 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 ‎(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017•北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.‎ ‎②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speedlimiting.‎ 补全句子 ‎③The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range.‎ 这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超过了我们能承受的范围。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)球队将举行一系列的活动，包含各种训练和比赛。‎ The_team_will_hold_a_wide_range_of_activities,_including_various_training_and_matches._‎ ‎5．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中average的词性及含义 ‎①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.adj.平均的 ‎②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均数 ‎③There was nothing special about the film — it was only average.adj.普通的 ‎④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.vt.平均为 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)an average of　　　　　　　 平均有 ‎(2)on average 平均起来 above average 在平均水平以上 below average 在平均水平以下 up to average 达到平均水平 ‎(3)average out 算出平均数 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑤(2016•四川高考)The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. ‎ ‎⑥With the teacher's help, they succeeded in averaging out the numbers and got the result 7.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑦There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, an_average_of 18 students in each class. Tom's was above_average while John's was below_average.‎ 在这次考试中有90个同学得到了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑧(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)所有学生每周有两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。‎ All_students_have_two_PE_classes_a_week_and_run_for_an_average_of_20_minutes_every_day.‎ ‎6．circumstance n．环境；情况 ‎[记牢]‎ under/in the circumstances　 在此情况下 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部 ‎ 分倒装)‎ ‎[练通]　补全句子 ‎①It might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do under/in_the_circumstances.‎ 这也许不是一个完美的解决办法，但这是在此情况下我能做得最好的。‎ ‎②Under no circumstances did_I_expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.‎ 当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎③另外，惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们身心成长的明智的选择。‎ Furthermore，under/in no circumstances is punishment a wise choice to help　them grow up mentally and physically. ‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Graphs (图表) can be a very useful tool for conveying information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data (数据). ‎ ‎2．The sentence suggests a common phenomenon (现象): many teenagers care more about their phones than their friends nowadays.‎ ‎3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (承诺)．‎ ‎4．Many people advocate (主张) building more hospitals here.‎ ‎5．A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.‎ ‎6．Robert's contributions (贡献) to the company should also be remembered.‎ ‎7．There was apparent disagreement (不一致) between their stories.‎ ‎8．I have subscribed (订阅) to China Daily for several years.‎ ‎9．Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布广的) plant.‎ ‎10．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (倾向) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of ‎ life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.‎ ‎2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century.‎ ‎3．The QinghaiTibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau, averaging (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.‎ ‎4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.‎ ‎5．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being_polluted (pollute), we must do something to protect them.‎ ‎6．Under these circumstances (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.‎ ‎7．In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.‎ ‎8．“What's in those books you're always reading？” he asked casually (casual)．‎ ‎9．People under stress tend to_develop (develop) their full range of potential.‎ ‎10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Opposed the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike ‎ on Sunday. Opposed→Opposing或Opposed后加to ‎2．For average, students in Senior One spend 7 hours per week reading. For→On ‎3．As consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source. As后加a或As→In ‎4．I went on a diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tends to be high. tends→tended ‎5．You may experience mildly discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly. mildly→mild ‎6．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquakestricken area. are→is ‎7．As we all know, games play a very important role in the grow of children. grow→growth ‎8．No one knows when such a custom came into existences. existences→existence Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。(circumstance)‎ My teacher always reminds me that_under_no_circumstances_should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them. ‎ ‎2．她努力学习，结果通过了考试。(consequence)‎ She studied hard, and as_a_consequence_she_passed_the_examination.‎ ‎3．我们站在山顶上，体育馆正好在我们看得见的地方。(range)‎ We stood on the top of the mountain and the stadium was just within/in_our_range_of_vision.‎ ‎4．已经募集了大量的钱来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。(quantity)‎ A large quantity of money has_been_collected/raised to help those suffering from the floods.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．come_about　　　　　　　　　 发生；造成 ‎2．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎3．quantities_of 大量的 ‎4．go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎5.result in[串记1] 导致 ‎6.be opposed to[串记2] 反对……‎ ‎7．keep_on 继续 ‎ ‎8．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎9．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎10.put up with[串记3] 忍受；容忍 ‎11．so_long_as 只要 ‎12．and_so_on 等等 ‎13．make_a_difference 有影响 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“引起；造成；导致”短语合集 ‎①result in 导致 ‎②lead to 导致；造成 ‎③contribute to 促成；有助于 ‎ ‎④give rise to 引起；引发；使发生 ‎⑤bring about 引起；导致 串记2.“be＋v.ed＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①be opposed to反对…… ②be attached to附属于 ‎③be accustomed to习惯于 ④be addicted to沉溺于 ‎⑤be devoted to致力于 ⑥be sentenced to被判处 串记3.“动词＋up with”短语集锦 ‎①put up with忍受；容忍 ②catch up with跟上 ‎③end up with以……结束 ④come up with提出 ‎⑤keep up with跟上 ⑥be fed up with受够了 ‎ ‎ ‎1．global warming　　　　　　　　 全球变暖 ‎2．natural phenomenon 自然现象 ‎3．greenhouse gases 温室气体 ‎4．greenhouse_effect 温室效应 ‎5．make accurate measurements of 对……做精确的测量 ‎6．as low as 低到……‎ ‎7．as high_as 高达……‎ ‎8．have a commitment 承担义务 ‎9．recycled materials 可回收材料 ‎10．be economical with energy 节约能源 ‎ ‎ ‎1．There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming ... ‎ 毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的……‎ ‎2．They also agree that it_is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. ‎ 他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ ‎3．Even_if_we_start_reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. ‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ ‎4．As I'm not sure where_to_start_with_my_project,_I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. ‎ 由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。‎ ‎5．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on_so_long_as you are using it — if_not,_turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语 选词填空(result in, and so on)‎ ‎1．(2014•湖北高考阅读A)Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result_in a disaster.‎ ‎2．(2011•全国卷阅读A)Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and_so_on.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2016•天津高考书面表达)时光飞驰！两周过去了，我们的交流活动结束了。代表我的学校，我想表达一下我的感受。‎ How time flies! Two weeks went by, and our exchange activities ended. On_behalf_of_my school, I would like to express my feelings.‎ ‎2．(2018•北京高考书面表达)毫无疑问你应当多练习说中文。(There is no doubt that …)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_you_should_practice_speaking_Chinese_more._‎ ‎3．(2015•福建高考书面表达)重要的并不是故事本身而是它所反映出来的东西。(强调句)‎ It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．come about发生；造成 ‎[记牢]‎ come on　　　　　　　　　 快点；加油；得了吧 come to 合计；达到；恢复 come up 走近；上来；发生；被提及 come across 邂逅；偶遇 come up with 提出；想出；赶上 come into being 形成；产生 ‎[练通]　介、副词填空 ‎①I'll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.‎ ‎②When important questions come up,_the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.‎ ‎③They came up with a practical solution at the meeting.‎ ‎④How the custom came into being remains a mystery.‎ ‎[用准]　come about是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态，一般用物作主语。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤读报时，我们常会遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”这样的英语单词。‎ When we read newspapers, we often come_across_such_English_words_as “AIDS” and “PK”. ‎ ‎2．result in导致 ‎[记牢]‎ result from　　　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于……的结果 ‎[练通]　对比填空 第一组①There is more and more pollution. As a result， many species are dying out.②As a result of more and more pollution， many species are dying out.‎ 第二组③More and more pollution has resulted in many species dying out.④The fact that many species are dying out results from more and more pollution.‎ ‎[用准]　result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2017•天津高考书面表达)结果，我没有足够的时间锻炼。‎ As_a_result,_I_don't_have_enough_time_to_take_exercise. ‎ ‎3．put up with容忍；忍受 ‎[记牢]‎ put off　　　 　　　　 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿；举起 put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away 收起来；放好 put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Putting aside his disappointment, he smiled and praised the winner.‎ ‎②The sports meeting which is to take place this Friday has to be put off_because of the heavy rain these days.‎ 单句改错 ‎③In that case, we will have to learn to put up some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.up后加with ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2016•北京高考书面表达)一条建议被提出，我们应当回收利用教科书。‎ A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”， as_long_as_you_have_a_dream,_keep trying and you'll make it, too.‎ ‎“世上无难事，只怕有心人”，只要你有梦想，并坚持尝试，你也会成功的。‎ ‎(2)As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ ‎→On_condition_that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ 选词填空(as far as, as well as, as good as)‎ ‎(3)We as_well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.‎ ‎(4)As_far_as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.‎ ‎(5)A distant relative is not as_good_as a near neighbour.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1) so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句(2)引导条件状语从句的短语还有：‎ in case　　　　　　　 如果；万一 on condition that 只要 provided that 如果；条件是 ‎(3)as well as 也；和 ‎(4)as good as 和……一样好；差不多；几乎 ‎(5)as far as 就……而言；远至 注意事项 as long as 和so long as表示“只要”‎ 时没有区别，可以相互替换；as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You can write anything relevant as/so long as/on condition that it's interesting and informative.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get over any difficulty.(总结句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 be opposed to， come about， even if， go up， keep on， on behalf of， on the whole， put up with， quantities of， result in， so long as， subscribe to ‎ ‎1．The old Chinese proverb “Don't fail to do good even_if it's small” teaches us how to be a good person in this world.‎ ‎2．It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted_in my slow but steady progress.‎ ‎3．With the housing price going_up,_more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.‎ ‎4．Under my English teacher's patient instruction, I kept_on learning, practising oral English for three months.‎ ‎5．To get good jobs, they are willing to put_up_with many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.‎ ‎6．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed_to the 21st Century.‎ ‎7．First of all, on_behalf_of all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you and warmly welcome to our school.‎ ‎8．In my opinion, there is no standard for success. So_long_as we do our best and achieve our goals, then that is success.‎ ‎9．Up to now, large quantities_of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.‎ ‎10．How did it come_about that he failed the exam?‎ ‎11．Everyone doesn't agree to the plan. Some support it while I'm one of those who are_opposed_to it.‎ ‎12．—What do you think about the measures taken to prevent global warming?‎ ‎—On_the_whole,_they are good.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．毫无疑问，手机能给我们带来许多便利。(doubt)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that cellphones can bring us much convenience.‎ ‎2．尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服汤姆，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。(even if)‎ Tom still refused to join in the game, even_if_we_all_did_our_best_to_persuade_him.‎ ‎3‎ ‎．只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。(so long as)‎ So_long_as_we_don't_lose_heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.‎ ‎4．这里有几条关于如何保护我们环境的建议。(疑问词＋不定式)‎ Here are a few suggestions on how_to_protect_our_environment.‎ ‎5．你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接游客的。(强调句)‎ You're waiting at a wrong place. It_is_at_the_hotel_that the coach picks up tourists.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 ‎(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．主题：环境保护；‎ ‎2．展览时间；‎ ‎3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的电子邮件，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一、二人称为主。文章可分三个层次：开头应点明学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展并说明其主题。主体部分应说明展览的具体细节(时间及投稿邮箱) ‎。此部分内容可适当增加一些细节，以免空洞。结尾应表达希望。‎ 要点1－①：我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。‎ Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.‎ 要点1－②：展览的主题是环境保护。‎ The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection.‎ 要点2－①：它将从6月15日开始。‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th.‎ 要点2－②：欢迎任何人来参加。‎ Anyone_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ 要点2－③：我记得你曾经给我展示过一些关于这个主题的照片。‎ I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme.‎ 要点2－④：这确实是个好机会。‎ This_is_surely_a_good_chance. ‎ 要点2－⑤：你可以把照片发送到intlphotoshow @gmschool.com。‎ You_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com.‎ 要点3：希望不久收到你的来信。‎ Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容充实，我们需要对要点进行升级或适度拓展。如用定语从句合并要点1－①和要点1－②；对要点2－①可添加并列的谓语说明展览的起止时间；在要点2－②中可使用主语从句升级；要点2－③‎ 中添加时间状语从句；要点2－④中添加动词不定式作目的状语；在要点2－⑤中可增加条件状语从句等。‎ 升级要点1：用定语从句合并要点1－①和要点1－②。‎ Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.‎ 拓展要点2－①：它将从6月15日开始，持续三周。(last)‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks. ‎ 升级要点2－②：欢迎任何对此感兴趣的人来参加(whoever引导的主语从句)‎ Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ 拓展要点2－③：上次你参观我们学校时，我记得你曾经给我展示了一些关于这个主题的照片。(the last time时间状语从句)‎ I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.‎ 拓展要点2－④：这确实是一个让更多人看到它们的好机会。(动词不定式作目的状语)‎ This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them. ‎ 拓展要点2－⑤：如果你想加入，你可以把照片发送到intlphotoshow @gmschool.com。(if条件状语从句)‎ If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可采用三段式写作。第一段中可使用应用文的点题句型I am writing to tell you that ...引出展览及主题；第二段中用therefore总结参加展览的好处；第三段表达希望。‎ Dear_Peter，‎ I_am_writing_to_tell_you_that_our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.Therefore,_this_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com.‎ Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(六)　举例 一般来说，议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和说明，‎ 这些例子往往与作者的说明和论述有很大的关联，考纲中明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考题出处的热点。要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源，寻找观点，才能保证所选答案的正确率。举例标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take ...as an example, such as, like等。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇 So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ Q：Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A．The boxset TV.　　　　　B．The tablet.‎ C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.‎ ‎[分析]　该段中用such as举例说明在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，可以将能耗降低44%。故选B。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•天津卷•D篇 I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．‎ The very purest form of waiting is the WatchedPot Wait. It is without ‎ doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.‎ Q：While doing a WatchedPot Wait, we tend to ________.‎ A．keep ourselves busy B．get absentminded C．grow anxious D．stay focused ‎[分析]　该段以灌满洗碗池为例，说明在“看着水壶式的等待”中，我们的大脑常会离开我们，到处飘移，这与B项陈述吻合。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2012•北京卷•C篇 ‎“Stress affects how people learn, ” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”‎ For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments.In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water.In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.‎ Q：We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ________.‎ A．keep rewards better in their memory B．recall consequences more effortlessly C．make risky decisions more frequently D．learn a subject more effectively ‎[分析]　文章引用了一个观点“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress”，接着用“For example”举例说明，引出两项研究，即能够承受压力的被施压的参与者更加精确地记住奖励而非惩罚。故选A。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 30分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A There's so much to see in London, it's hard to know where to start. We've put together some of the city's most famous landmarks and attractions.‎ Explore the city on foot, by bike or by boat and enjoy the fresh air.‎ There is a wealth of useful information available online. For more ideas and suggested itineraries (旅行指南) for the perfect day out try：‎ VisitLondon www.visitlondon.com VisitBritain www.visitbritain.com Visit www.visitbritainshop.com to prebuy tickets for London and ‎ UKwide attractions, sightseeing tours, shows, events and more in your local language and currency.‎ Southbank walking tour This selfguided walk along the southern bank of the River Thames explores one of the liveliest areas of central London.‎ How to get there：‎ Travel by bus or tube (地铁) to Waterloo and walk to the Southbank or take the River Bus to Embankment Pier and walk across Hungerford Bridge.‎ At the end of the walk, cross Tower Bridge and return to central London from the north side of the river via (经由) Tower Hill Tube Station on the District or Circle Line, or on a route 15 bus to Aldwych/Somerset House.‎ Southbank Major theatre, concert and arts centre with a lively series of events.‎ Gabriel's Wharf Home to a fascinating mix of independent shops, cafes, bars and restaurants.‎ Oxo Tower Designled boutiques (精品店) and eighth floor riverside dining with impressive views.‎ Global Theatre A reconstruction of Shakespeare's original Global Theatre.‎ Tate Modern and Millennium Bridge A worldfamous collection of modern art.‎ The Clink A museum built on the site of one of England's oldest and most infamous prisons.‎ The Golden Hinde A fullsized model of Sir Francis Drake's ship.‎ Borough Market A mustsee market for any food lover.‎ Southwark Cathedral Located by the River Thames, this is London's oldest cathedral.‎ Tower Bridge One of the world's best recognized bridges.‎ For more routes, visit our online journey planner tfl. gov. uk/journeyplanner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦的旅行指南以及伦敦著名的地标和旅游景点。‎ ‎1．Which website provides service for visitors to buy tickets in advance?‎ A．www.visitlondon.com.‎ B．www.visitbritain.com.‎ C．www.visitbritainshop.com.‎ D．tfl.gov.uk/journeyplanner.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由文中的“Visit www.visitbritainshop.com to prebuy tickets for London and UKwide attractions ...”可知，C项正确。‎ ‎2．In which place can visitors appreciate modern art?‎ A．Oxo Tower.‎ B．Gabriel's Wharf.‎ C．Southwark Cathedral.‎ D．Tate Modern and Millennium Bridge.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由文中对Tate Modern and Millennium Bridge的介绍“A worldfamous collection of modern art.”可知，游客在这里可以欣赏到现代艺术。‎ ‎3．What do we know about Southbank?‎ A．It's home to many famous artists.‎ B．It has the world's oldest cathedral.‎ C．It has many scenic spots worth seeing.‎ D．It's wellknown for its countless bridges.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由文中对Southbank的介绍“Major theatre, concert and arts centre with a lively series of events.”可知，Southbank有很多值得一看的景点。‎ B A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were ‎ surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plant and animal species will die out by 2050.‎ The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.‎ The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一组科学家所作的报告推测 在不久的将来，温室气体量的增加对动植物物种有毁灭性的影响。由于全球变暖，动植物的生存空间也在发生改变，其数量和种类也在不断减少。作者试图通过分析现状唤起人们对环境保护的意识。‎ ‎4．According to this passage, global warming can be best described as ________ to many plants and animals.‎ A．deadly　　　　　　　　 B．surprising C．disappointing D．frightening 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，全球变暖带来的是动植物物种的不断减少，这种影响对动植物来说是致命的。‎ ‎5．What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas?‎ A．To protect animals and plants from global warming.‎ B．To call on people to control greenhouse gases.‎ C．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.‎ D．To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句可知这项研究的目的，即研究全球变暖对动植物的影响。‎ ‎6．What can be the best title of this passage?‎ A．Greenhouse effect and global warming B．Extinct animals in the world C．A frightening discovery concerning global warming D．Disappearance of butterflies 解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，作者向人们展示了全球变暖对动植物物种的灭绝性危害。C项能形象地概括整篇内容，故选C。‎ ‎7．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．about 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earth B．in about four decades more than 1 million plants and animal species will die out C．we can do nothing to save the plants and animals D．wildlife in flat areas can't find enough food 解析：选B　细节理解题。通过第一段可知，在未来的50年里，将有大约25%的陆地动植物灭绝，A项时态有误；B项表述正确，in about four decades即大约40年后，即2050年左右；C项错在we can do nothing上；D项文章并未提及。‎ C Half of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.‎ The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as underwater rainforests. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Corals are used in medical research on treatment for diseases. They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入)．‎ Corals are invertebrates, or animals that lack a backbone. They live mostly in tropical waters. The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate, which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons ‎ grow and take on vivid colors. This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.‎ But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2℃ can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals' skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching (白化)．” Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.‎ The problem for the reefs increased greatly during a recent extended El Niño weather phenomenon. In 2015－2016, the longer El Niño warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded. This bleaching event continues to create problems for the world's reefs.‎ In the Indian Ocean, near the islands of the Maldives, about 73% of the coral reefs suffered bleaching between March and May 2016. Areas in the central Pacific were hit the hardest — about 90% of the reefs were destroyed in the waters of the Republic of Kiribati.‎ And the problem is not just global warming. The reefs have also been affected by pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.‎ Scientists remain hopeful that it's not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal. Ruth Gates, director of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, said, “It's high time that we should start thinking outside the box. It's sort of a nowin game if ‎ we do nothing.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁受到污染、过量捕捞、白化等威胁，在最近的30年里，世界上有一半的珊瑚礁已然死亡，保护珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。‎ ‎8．What's the focus of Paragraph 2?‎ A．The vital role of coral reefs.‎ B．The seriousness of pollution.‎ C．The importance of ocean species.‎ D．The difficulties of protecting reefs.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。由第二段中的“underwater rainforests”，“ serve as barriers that protect coastlines”和“medical research on treatment for diseases”以及“key to local economies”可知，作者在这段强调了珊瑚礁的重要作用。‎ ‎9．What is the character of corals?‎ A．They are fishfriendly.‎ B．They are tropical species.‎ C．They depend on algae to survive.‎ D．They can reflect different colors.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.”可知，珊瑚与藻类共生互利，藻类生活在珊瑚的组织里，并为其提供能量。‎ ‎10．What is the result of the recent El Niño?‎ A．Coral reefs are extinct in Kiribati.‎ B．The Indian Ocean suffered the most.‎ C．Most of the world's reefs fell victim to it.‎ D．It caused recordbreaking coral bleaching.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第五段中的“led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded”和第六段的描述可知，厄尔尼诺现象使得靠近赤道的太平洋海域温度升高，这导致了有史以来最大范围的珊瑚白化。‎ ‎11．What do Ruth Gates' words imply?‎ A．Reefs need to be saved urgently.‎ B．Saving reefs is a winwin game.‎ C．It is a challenging job to save reefs.‎ D．Reefsaving efforts have turned out to be fruitless.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“It's high time that we should start thinking outside the box. It's sort of a nowin game if we do nothing.”可知，Ruth Gates认为，拯救珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Pollution Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances (物质). Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and ‎ cars. __1__‎ Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料). These include coal, oil, and natural gas.The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases as cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things. __2__ Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer (臭氧层), which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.‎ Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump (倾倒) garbage and dirty water into rivers, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink. __3__‎ Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories. __4__ They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.‎ Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment. __5__ Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources that produce less pollution. Many communities use ‎ recycling to reduce pollution.‎ A．Farmers use chemicals to help crops grow.‎ B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.‎ C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.‎ D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.‎ E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.‎ F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.‎ G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境污染的三种主要形式和控制污染的措施。‎ ‎1．选F　由第二至四段分别对air pollution, water pollution和land pollution的介绍可知，设空处指：污染主要有三种形式：空气污染、水污染和土地污染。‎ ‎2．选E　由该空前的“Air pollution may cause such diseases”和“It also leads to polluted rain”以及该空后的“Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer”可知，设空处讲的也是大气污染的影响，E项内容“此外，空气污染也可能是全球变暖的原因”符合此处语境。‎ ‎3．选C　本段主要讲述水污染的原因及影响，由该空前的“These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.”可知，C项内容“这些化学物质还会危害鱼和其他生物”符合语境。‎ ‎4．选D　由该空前对污染土地的化学物质的描述以及该空后的“They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.”‎ 可知，这些化学物质会蔓延到植物和动物身上，甚至会危害人类。‎ ‎5．选G　本段主要讲述控制污染的措施，由该空后的“Instead they are getting power from the sun ...”可知，G项内容“一些公司以及有些人正在努力减少矿物燃料的使用”符合此处语境。‎