河南省九师联盟2020届高三10月质量检测英语试题

河南省九师联盟2020届高三10月质量检测英语试题

九师联盟2 0 1 9-2 0 2 0学年高三1 0月质量检测 英语试题 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirtr？‎ A.￡19. 15. B．￡9.18. C.￡9.15.‎ 答案是C。‎ l. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Producer and supplier.‎ B. Employer and employee.‎ C. Customer and store owner.‎ ‎2. When did the museum buy the painting?‎ A. In 1930. B. In 1935. C．In 2000．‎ ‎3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?‎ A. In a train. B. In an office. C. On the road.‎ ‎4. What does the woman think of the man's adventure?‎ A. It will be exciting. B. It will be dangerous. C. It will be challenging.‎ ‎5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?‎ A. A summer camp. B. A weekend outing. C. A 5-week-long wait.‎ 第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6.7题。‎ ‎6. Why is the man talking to the woman?‎ A. To request her to go to the gym with him.‎ B. To invite her to participate in a marathon.‎ C. To get her suggestions on starting running.‎ ‎7. What does the man probably decide to do in the end?‎ A. Shorten his distance. B. Exercise outdoors first. C. Buy a running machine.‎ ‎8. Which floor did the woman want to go to?‎ A. The 5th floor. B. The 15th floor. C. The 23rd floor.‎ ‎9. What happened to the speakers?‎ A. They lost all of their groceries.‎ B. They were run down by a lady.‎ C. They got trapped in the lift.‎ ‎10. What did the man find on the floor?‎ A. A HELP button. B. A dropped apple. C. A rescued snake.‎ 听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。‎ II. What is the woman trying to do?‎ A. Tell that the man is wrong.‎ B. Confirm that she knows the man.‎ C. Argue that she is the man's friend.‎ ‎12. Where does the woman go all the time?‎ A. Common Fitness Gym.‎ B. The movie theater downtown.‎ C. The Whole Bean Cafe on the corner.‎ ‎13. How does the man most probably feel?‎ A. Bothered. B. Regretful. C. Sorrowful.‎ 听第9段材材料,回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14. What did the man do last night?‎ A. He wrote a song about bees.‎ B. He picked a bunch of flowers.‎ C. He put his songs on an album.‎ ‎15. What does the man want the woman to do?‎ A. Live with him. B. Join his band. C. Adjust her style.‎ ‎16. What are the woman's songs like?‎ A. Happy. B. Light. C．Sad.‎ 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. Where did Cameron Diaz grow up?‎ A. In America. B. In Spain. C. In Cuba.‎ ‎18. Which movie earned Cameron Diaz the New York Film Critics Best Lead Actress Award？‎ A. Gangs of New York .‎ B. Being John Malkovich.‎ C. There 's Something About Mary.‎ ‎19. At what age did Cameron Diaz voice a character in the movie Shrek?‎ A. 16. B. 29. C. 38.‎ ‎20. What can we say about Cameron Diaz?‎ A. She has made great achievements.‎ B. She has been leading an unstable life.‎ C. She is famous for her adventurous life.‎ 第一节（共 15小题;每小题 2分,满分 30分）‎ A Dance Classes Ballet Ballet teaches grace, posture(姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet itemsc物品),expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classicai ballet practice.The class is a formal ballet class.‎ Age 8-10‎ September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday Creative Movers Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.‎ Age 3-5‎ September 7, 2019-January 18, 2020‎ ‎9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday Jazz Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional iazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style thythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals.‎ Age 5-6‎ September 7 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday Hip Hop Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking,breaking and tutting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will brovide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.‎ Age 7-10‎ September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday ‎1. Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?‎ A. Ballet. B. Creative Movers.‎ C. Hip Hop. D. Jazz.‎ ‎2. What can students do in the jazz class?‎ A. Make use of all the ballet items. B. Learn the long history of jazz.‎ C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers. D. Get to know jazz-style movements.‎ ‎3. What is special about the hip hop class'?‎ A. It is open in the afternoon. B. It is available on Sunday.‎ C. It teaches traditional dances. D. It has the most skilled teachers.‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Creative Movers巾的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Jazz中Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements.可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中提及Ballet(10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday);Jazz( 2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday);Hip Pop(1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday) 可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而Hip Hop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题中的直接信息题解题关键在于依据题干线索词回原文定位，然后与选项进行比较，从而选出正确答案。比如文章第1小题：‎ ‎1. Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?‎ A. Ballet. B. Creative Movers. C. Hip Hop. D. Jazz.‎ 题干线索词为4-year-old children，运用查读法迅速定位到Creative Movers巾的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。因此B项正确。‎ B Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the “real-life Master Roshi" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime( 日本动漫) character.‎ Ly certainly doesn't look like any other typical 55-year-old man. In fact, he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s, with his lean(瘦且健康的), strong muscles and youthful attitude. But he's absolutely not the only 50-something man who has the strong muscle in the world. What really sets Nhon Ly apart from all the rest ‎ is his unbelievable similarity to Dragon Ball Z character Master Roshi, also known as the Turtle Hermit, in his "final form". And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as master_ roshi_ real_ life.‎ According to Madness Media , Ly immigrated to the United States in 1980, at the age of 16. He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner. Although he has achieved so much, bodybuilding has always been his biggest love. He has competed in several professional bodybuilding events, with his most notable results being the 4th place at the 2011 US Championship, the 7th place at the 2012 edition ,and the 5th place at the 2015 Nationals.‎ Even at 55, Nhon Ly continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look. He also likes to share photos and videos with his 40,000 fans, many of whom are Dragon Ball Z fans. They routinely post a large quantity of comments, thanking him for training Goku, who is the main character in Dragon Ball media, and asking him to train them in the art of bodybuilding.‎ ‎4. Why is Nhon Ly called "real-life Master Roshi"?‎ A. He looks extremely similar to Master Roshi.‎ B. He is quite good at training people like Goku.‎ C. He has the same life stories as Master Roshi.‎ D. He holds a special attitude to Dragon Ball Z.‎ ‎5. How does Nhon Ly feel about his "new name"?‎ A. He finds it typical yet silly. B. He thinks it can be popular.‎ C. He is fond of it very much. D. He considers it embarrassing.‎ ‎6. Which of the following words can best describe Nhon Ly?‎ A. Confident and wealthy. B. Creative and ambitious.‎ C. Athletic and hardworking. D. Healthy and generous.‎ ‎7. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Success Comes From Continuous Efforts and Dreams B. Great Achievements of an Old but Still Positive Athlete C. Unbelievable Life Experiences of an Anime Character D. A 55-year-old Man Is Known for Looking Like Master Roshi ‎【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。他看起来比20多岁的小伙子还要年轻健美，这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the “real-life Master Roshi" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime( 日本动漫) character.（55岁的Nhon Ly是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员，来自加利福尼亚。他被授予“现实生活中的Roshi大师”称号，因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。）可知，尼汉·莱被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。故选A项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as CcOmaster_ roshi_ real_ life.”（他显然非常喜欢这种比较，甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为“roshi_ real_ life”。）可推断，尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的“新名字”。故选C项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“In fact. he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s. with his lean，strong muscles and youthful attitude.（“事实上。他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多，肌肉结实，有年轻的态度。”）第三段He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner.（他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作，并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板。）及第四段“Even at 55, Nhon I_v continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look.（即使在55岁的时候，Nhon I_v仍然在健身房刻苦训练，以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。）”可推断，尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。故选C项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z ‎》中的动面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】标题确定题属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上，还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。 ‎ ‎　　概括性原则：要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 ‎ ‎　　针对性原则：针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度。 ‎ 醒目性原则：标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍，故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。‎ 文章第4小题考查标题选择：‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Success Comes From Continuous Efforts and Dreams B. Great Achievements of an Old but Still Positive Athlete C. Unbelievable Life Experiences of an Anime Character D. A 55-year-old Man Is Known for Looking Like Master Roshi 在做此道题目时，要注意根据标题的原则进行判断分析各个选项，一一排除。文章主要内容讲述的是55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因的个人经历：坚持健身，努力工作，并因其形象与日本动漫龙珠中龟仙人相像而获得了“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。‎ A. Success Comes From Continuous Efforts and Dreams（成功来自不断的努力和梦想）外延过大错误。B. Great Achievements of an Old but Still Positive Athlete（一个年老但仍然积极向上的运动员的伟大成就）外延过大错误。C. Unbelievable Life Experiences of an Anime Character（一个动画人物难以置信的生活经验）偏离主题错误D. A 55-year-old Man Is Known for Looking Like Master Roshi（一个因为长得像Roshi大师而出名55岁的男人）贴合主旨，符合概括性，针对性，醒目性原则。因此，答案为D项。‎ C It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself ‎ with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.‎ In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those“fortunate”few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.‎ The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（适度）.‎ You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.‎ For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived（睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.‎ ‎8. Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?‎ A. Few people have time to sleep too much. B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm.‎ C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern. D. People's health has nothing to do with it.‎ ‎9. What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Those leading a relaxing life. B. Those getting too much sleep.‎ C. Those with less time to sleep. D. Those with no sleep problems.‎ ‎10. What can be learned from the 2019 study?‎ A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people.‎ B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.‎ C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.‎ D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk.‎ ‎11. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.‎ B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.‎ C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.‎ D People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的第4句和第5句：But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。故选A项。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。在句中的that/those一般指代前文提及内容，根据本句所在位置，可定位至第一段“That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.（这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择。”及第二段提及的“…they may not be so lucky after all. In fact，they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk（他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险）”可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。故选B项。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.（研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。）可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选D项。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构，第一段总起提出话题：But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much.可知文章主要介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】主题句在短文中间：关注一些表征强转折关系的连词：如:“but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。比如文章第4小题，考查文章主旨大意：‎ ‎4. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.‎ B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.‎ C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.‎ D. People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.‎ 在做此道题目时，文章已经阅读完毕，可以理解出文章结构为总分结构，即第一段为主题段落，在第一段末尾部分由but句存在：But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much 即为文章主题句。故该题的答案为C项。‎ D A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway,for a world so used to disposable（一次性的） habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also increasingly seems to be buried.‎ Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced "material fatigue(疲劳)"-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash-and the task was delayed.‎ AlI the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, "We'II have more plastic than fish by 2050. " Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.‎ Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907.‎ The process uses "supercritical" water-heated to around 450 degrees celsius(842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil,the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products.‎ The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale（规模） may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.‎ ‎12. Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph l?‎ A. To indicate the hopeless future of human life.‎ B. To figure out the solution to reducing plastics.‎ C. To show the seriousness of the plastic problem.‎ D. To tell people to give up an unhealthy lifestyle.‎ ‎13. What can we know about Slat's system?‎ A. It proves harmful to the Pacific.‎ B. It has been abandoned completely.‎ C. It has received many people's opposition.‎ D. It met with difficulty while being carried out.‎ ‎14. What is the advantage of Wang's system?‎ A. It can save fish in the ocean.‎ B. It can recycle and reuse plastic.‎ C. It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel.‎ D. It can make plastic products more affordable.‎ ‎15. What is the author's attitude towards Wang's system?‎ A. Hopeful. B. Disapproving.‎ C. Cautious. D. Uncertain.‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。社会习惯了塑料制品，但是这对环境和人类是有害的。为了解决望料问题，很多人提出了解决方案，本文主要介绍了Linda Wang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据后文解释：That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable habits, any hope for a solution also increasingly seems to be buried.可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“Not long after it started，Slat's system experienced' material fatigue likely the result of being strained by all that trash.”( 在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。)可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第3，4句：Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.‎ ‎（然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。）可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“…that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time.”（那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。）可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A项。‎ 第二节（共 5小题;每小题 2分,满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Our world is more connected than ever before thanks to technology. ___16___. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling.‎ You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. We often end up passively waiting for someone else to make us feel less lonely. You may feel that your loneliness indicates that nobody is willing to connect with you. And there is nothing you can do about it. But that is far from the truth.____17____.‎ You should find reasons why you are lonely. We all feel lonely for different reasons. Some of us have no one else to interact(互动) with on a consistent basis and that's why we feel lonely. You may feel that the people in your life don't share your thoughts and ideas.___18___, you need to identify it. And you know exactly how to handle your loneliness.‎ ‎___19___. People who are lonely tend to fall into destructive mental habits. They try to avoid the pain of not being understood and being disconnected by not giving people any chance to understand and connect with them.That's not what you should choose to do. Instead, you should share your thoughts and feelings with others and do so openly and fearlessly.‎ You should find people who share your interests. ____20____, everybody is interested in something.And just as there are many interests, there are many people who share those interests. Find what interests you and connect with others on that basis.‎ A. Whatever the reason is B. Whether it's coin collecting or video games C. If you have no reason to share your interests D. You should be true to yourself or actively end loneliness E. You should be open about your thoughts, ideas and desires F. Ending loneliness is something that you can and should do actively G. However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness ‎【答案】16. G 17. F ‎ ‎18. A 19. E ‎ ‎20. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。由于科技的发展，我们的世界比以往任何时候都更加紧密相连，但是越来越多的人感到孤独。本文主要介绍了几种远离孤独的方法。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据后文“Indeed，it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling.（事实上，学会如何处理这种痛苦的感觉变得越来越重要。）”可推知，所填空要提及一种感觉。G项However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness “然而，越来越多的人发现自己不得不忍受孤独”提及了孤独感，符合语境要求。故选G项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据本段的首句“You should be determined to actively end your loneliness.( 你应该下定决心主动结束你的孤独。)”及空前“And there is nothing you can do about it． But that is far from the truth.( 你对此无能为力。但事实远非如此。)”可知所填空应与积极应对孤独有关，F项“结束孤独是你能够和应该积极做的事情”符合语境要求。故选F项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据本段的首句“You should find reasons why you are lonely．(你应该找到你孤独的原因。)”及空后“you need to identify it．(你需要识别它)”可知，所填空应提及reason，A项“Whatever the reason is（不论原因是什么）”符合词汇复现原则。故选A项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 设空在段首，为中心主旨句。根据后文可知本段主要讲述了解决孤独的办法就是与他人分享你的想法和感受，并公开地、无所畏惧地分享，E项You should be open about your ‎ thoughts, ideas and desires能概括本段的大意。故选E项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 设空在第二句，为中心主旨句的支持句，解释说明作用。根据主旨句“You should find people who share your interests."及空后“Everybody is interested in something.”可知，所填空应提及类似兴趣爱好的内容。B项“Whether it's coin collecting or video games（无论这个兴趣是硬币收集还是电子游戏）”符合语境要求。故选B项。‎ 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A.B.C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ There are so many spring festivals around the country centered on gardening, bluegrass, wine and food, or Earth Day. But if you visit western Colorado's Grand Valley, you'll see a festival ___21___to sharing. Congregants（集会者） of more than 100 area churches have decided to___22___ what they believe in.‎ Called ShareFest, the event brings volunteers from different____23____for a busy but___24___ weekend of house repair, painting, gardening and more. The idea was ___25___put forward by a group of pastors（牧师） in central Arkansas and was finally____26____by First Presbyterian Colorado churches in 2007. A group of people from church decided to offer___27___to a local school. Teachers needed desks washed and other work done. And so it began.‎ Churches have been_____28_____flyers(传单) in their area over the past several months so that people in need can either post their____29____for help on a central website or call the team for ____30____. Teams of church members "adopt" neighborhoods or organizations to help with those wishes. Project leaders then visit to ____31____ what materials and time are needed.‎ Past_____32_____included everything from making the bed for an elderly woman to painting a building, which required 30 gallons of paint. Local businesses_____33_____materials. Participants don't have to be big and strong-or even_____34_____. In past years, five-year-olds picked up leaves in neighbors' yards. Seniors created care packages for college_____35_____with blue books for tests and ‎ other_____36_____that could help them through finals.‎ The two-day event_____37_____with a prayer and a cheer. Then Saturday morning, volunteers ____38____the streets and homes around the town, starting doing voluntary work.‎ People come together to make a corner of the world a bit____39____. What a great way t0 ____40____spring!‎ ‎21. A. exposed B. contrary C. opposite D. committed ‎22. A. praise B. challenge C. practice D. correct ‎23. A. companies B. churches C. schools D. gardens ‎24. A. meaningful B. sensitive C. relaxing D. tiring ‎25. A. gradually B. eventually C. originally D. regularly ‎26 A. accepted B. supposed C. assessed D. adj usted ‎27. A. inspiration B. help C. advice D. encouragement ‎28. A. seeking B. throwing C. sweeping D. distributing ‎29. A. struggles B. responsibilities C. requests D. excuses ‎30. A. communication B. comprehension C. circulation D. registration ‎31. A. predict B. bargain C. recognize D. determine ‎32. A. conclusions B. expectations C. serwces D. experiences ‎33. A. donated B. defended C. exchanged D. consumed ‎34. A. peace-loving B. grown-up C. kind-hearted D. new-born ‎35. A. visitors B. students C. professors D. workers ‎36. A. supplies B. decorations C. presents D. awards ‎37. A. breaks down B. goes away C. kicks off D. catches on ‎38. A. make B. put C. rob D. hit ‎39. A. greener B. better C. nearer D. faster ‎40. A. celebrate B. describe C. occupy D. discover ‎【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了一个关于分享的节日的来源和主要内容，这个节日有很重要的意义。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你参观科罗拉多西部的大峡谷，你会看到一个致力于分享的节日。A. exposed暴露；使接触；B. contrary与……相貌都；C. opposite与……相反；D. committed犯罪；把……交付于。根据句意可知，所填空动词应与之后的介词to连用表达“从事，致力于”含义，expose to 意为“暴露于”；contrary to 意为“与…相反”；opposite to意为“在…对面；与…相反”；commit to意为“致力于；从事”。故选D项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：超过100个地区教堂的教友们决定实践他们的信仰。A. praise表扬；赞扬；B. challenge挑战；C. practice实践；D. correct改正；修正。根据语境理解为实行他们的看法信仰。故选C项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项名为ShareFest的活动吸引了来自不同教堂的志愿者，让他们度过一个忙碌而有意义的周末，修理房屋、绘画、园艺等等。A. companies公司；B. churches教堂；C. schools学校；D. gardens花园。根据名词的复现原则，前文Congregants（集会者） of more than 100 area churches have decided to___2___ what they believe in.已经提及churches。故选B项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项名为ShareFest 的活动吸引了来自不同教堂的志愿者，让他们度过一个忙碌而有意义的周末，修理房屋、绘画、园艺等等。A. meaningful有意义的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. tiring疲惫的。根据句意，之后提及的事情是有意义的，且应符合积极向上的基调一致原则。故选A项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个想法最初是由阿肯色州中部的一群牧师提出的，最终在2007年被科罗拉多第一长老会教会接受。A. gradually逐渐地；B. eventually最终；C. originally最初，起初；D. regularly定期地；有规律地。根据句意和语境可知，此句用来讲述这个节日的由来。故选C项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法最初是由阿肯色州中部的一群牧师提出的，最终在2007年被科罗拉多第一长老会教会接受。A. accepted接受；承认；B. supposed认为；假设；C. assessed评定；评估；D. adjusted调整；使适合。根据句意和语境可知，这个节日被科罗拉多第一长老会教堂所承认接受。故选A项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：教会的一群人决定帮助当地的一所学校。A. inspiration灵感；鼓舞；B. help帮助；C. advice建议；D. encouragement鼓励。根据后文：Teachers needed desks washed and other work done（老师们需要清洗课桌和完成其他工作）可知，他们要向学校提供帮助。故选B项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几个月里，教堂一直在分发传单。A. seeking寻找；B. throwing扔掉；丢弃；C. sweeping清扫；D. distributing分配；散布。其后宾语为flyer(传单)，与动词distribute 搭配构成“分发传单”含义。故选D项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有需要的人可以在一个中心网站上发布他们的求助请求，或者打电话给团队进行注册。A. struggles努力；奋斗；B. responsibilities责任；C. requests请求；要求；D. excuses借口。根据句意和语境理解为提出请求。故选C项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有需要的人可以在一个中心网站上发布他们的求助请求，或者打电话给团队进行注册。A. communication交流；B. comprehension理解；C. circulation流通；传播；D. registration登记；注册。根据后文Teams of church members "adopt"‎ ‎ neighborhoods or organizations to help with those wishes. Project leaders then visit to ___11___ what materials and time are needed.可知，教会成员组成的团队“采用”社区或组织来帮助实现这些愿望。然后，项目负责人进行访问，以确定需要哪些材料和时间。那么可以推知在此之前的动作为登记信息。故选D项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，项目负责人进行访问，以确定需要哪些材料和时间。A. predict 预测；B. bargain讨价还价；C. recognize辨认；识别D. determine决定。根据前一个动作visit，可以理解为实地参观访问，可知，下一个动作为确定需要用到的材料和确定时间。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去的服务包括从为老妇人铺床到粉刷一幢需要30加仑油漆的建筑。A. conclusions 结论；B. expectations期望；C. services服务；D. experiences经历。根据句意making the bed for an elderly woman to painting a building理解为过去为他人提供的服务，故选C项。，‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地企业捐赠物资。A. donated捐献；捐赠；B. defended防御；防护；C. exchanged交换；D. consumed消耗；消费。之后宾语为materials，可以理解为物资，与动词donate 搭配，意为“捐赠物资”，与之前主语local businesses(当地企业公司)相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者不必是高大强壮的，甚至也不必是成年人。A. peace-loving爱好和平的；B. grown-up成熟的；成年的；C. kind-hearted仁慈的；好心肠的；D. new-born新生的；刚出生的。根据形容词选择时的基调一致原则，所选单词应与原句中的big，strong 相呼应，用来描述人的特点，且后文有“five-year-olds”作为提示。故选B项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学长们为大学生们设计了一套护理包，里面有考试用的蓝皮书和其他可以帮助他们度过期末考试的用品。A. visitors参观者；游客；B. students学生；C. professors教授；D. workers工人。根据句中提到的“tests”（考试），与学生有关。故选B项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学长们为大学生们设计了一套护理包，里面有考试用的蓝皮书和其他可以帮助他们度过期末考试的用品。A. supplies供给；B. decorations装饰；C. presents礼物；D. awards奖品。根据句意和语境，提供的是一些物品或用品，故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为期两天的活动以祈祷和欢呼开始。A. breaks down分解；发生故障；B. goes away走开；C. kicks off（使）开始；踢开；D. catches on理解，明白；变得流行。根据语境应与之后的with搭配构成“以……而开始”含义。故选C项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在周六早上，志愿者们走上街头，挨家挨户地进行志愿工作。A. make制造；使让；B. put放置；C. rob 抢劫；D. hit到达。根据之后的宾语为streets and homes around the town, 那么此空理解为“去；到达”含义。D项hit, 可意为“到达”, 故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们聚在一起，让这个世界变得更美好。A. greener更环保的；B. better更好的；C. nearer更近的；D. faster更快的。根据语境理解为大家做这些事情是为了使世界更好一点，故选B项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是庆祝春天的好方法! A. celebrate庆祝；B. describe描述；C. occupy占据；D. discover发现。根据句意和语境理解为庆祝春天的到来。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】易错题目为第18小题。在固定思维中，四个选项似乎都不适合放在此处与之后宾语“streets and homes around the town,”相匹配。本题主要目的考查熟词生义。‎ Hit: to reach a place 到达（某地）‎ Follow this footpath and you'll eventually hit the road. 沿着这条小路走，终会走上大路。 ‎ The President hits town tomorrow. 总统明天到镇子上来。‎ 因此第18小题：‎ Then Saturday morning, volunteers ___18___the streets and homes around the town, starting doing voluntary work.‎ ‎18. A. make B. put C. rob D. hit 答案为D项。句意理解为：然后在周六早上，志愿者们走上街头，挨家挨户地进行志愿工作。‎ If you have ever taken a handwritten prescription from a doctor or looked at the ‎ notes from your visit, it seems like no amount of squinting(眯眼) could help the letters get clearer. Bad handwriting almost seems like a___41___(require) for graduating from medical school. But it's not the fact___42___0nly people with bad handwriting___43___(attract) to the medical field. If so, why does it happen to doctors?‎ ‎“In the medical field, if it's not documented, it___44___(actual) didn't happen," says Celine Thum, MD, medical director at ParaDocs Worldwide. Anything you talk about behind closed doors needs written evidence for your medical history. Doctors have to write more than any other employee, for ____45____they can hardly write letters clearly.‎ Long days plus tons of writing leads____46____a very tired hand. If doctors could spend an hour___47___(deal) with every patient, they might be able to slow down and give their____48____(hand)a rest. But the truth is that most physicians are rushing around to the next patient. With so many patients to see in a___49___(limit) time, doctors are___50___ (concerned) about getting the information down than perfecting their handwriting.‎ ‎【答案】41. requirement ‎ ‎42. that 43. are attracted ‎ ‎44. actually ‎ ‎45. which 46. to ‎ ‎47. dealing ‎ ‎48. hands 49. limited ‎ ‎50. more concerned ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了医生开的处方让人看不清楚的原因：一是要写的东西太多，二是时间太仓促。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：糟糕的书写几乎是医学院毕业的必备条件。根据空前的冠词a可知，该空需用所给词的名词形式。故填requirement。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词性从句。句意：但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸引。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。故填that。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸引。该句陈述的是一个事实，所以应该使用一般现在时，又因为people与attract之间是被动关系，所以该空用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：在医学领域，如果没有记录，就不会发生。此处用所给词的副词修饰动词happen。故填actually。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：医生不得不比其他任何雇员都写得多，因此他们几乎写不清字母。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的一句话且空前有介词for，故此处用关系代词which。故填which。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：长时间的工作加上大量的写作会让你的手很累。lead to意为“导致……”，为固定搭配。故填to。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果医生能花一个小时处理每个病人，他们也许能慢下来，让他们的手休息一下。spend.…doing_意为“花……做……”。故填dealing。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：如果医生能花一个小时处理每个病人，他们也许能慢下来，让他们的手休息一下。hand是可数名词，又根据空前的their可知，此处用所给名词的复数。故填hands。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于在有限的时间内要看这么多的病人，医生们更关心的是把信息记录下来，而不是完善自己的字迹。此处用所给词的过去分词作定语，limited意为“有限的”。故填limited。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查形容词的比较级。句意：由于在有限的时间内要看这么多的病人，医生们更关心的是把信息记录下来，而不是完善自己的字迹。根据后文的than 可知，此处用所给形容词的比较级。故填 more concerned。‎ 第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I, together with my classmates, had the lunch this afternoon at a local restaurant. I kept smiling at the fun who many young people were have together at a nearby table. They were full with laughter and in good spirits.As we were leaving, Ijust had to stop by but chat for a minute.I told them they must good friends because they were so energy together.I said I had enjoyed sharing spaces with them. They all smiled and one of them said she hoped they weren't too noisy for all of them. I told her "not at all". I was glad l wasn't too shy to approaching them.‎ ‎【答案】1.删掉the或 the→our ‎2.who→that/which 或删掉who ‎3.have→having ‎4.with→of ‎5.but→and ‎6. must后加be ‎7.energy→energetic ‎ ‎8.spaces→space ‎9.them→us ‎10.approaching→approach ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与朋友在餐馆用餐时的经历：邻桌的一群人的欢乐氛围感染了他。‎ ‎【详解】1. 考查零冠词。句意：今天下午我和同学们在当地的一家餐馆吃了午饭。三餐之前不需要冠词。但可以添加形容词物主代词作为修饰词。故将the删掉或将the 改为our。‎ ‎2. 考查定语从句。句意：看到许多年轻人在附近的桌子上玩得很开心，我总是面带微笑。分析可知，many young people were have together at a nearby table 为之前名词fun的定语从句，即：many young people were have fun together at a nearby table。先行词fun 在从句中作宾语，应用that/which或省略引导词。故将who改为that/which 或删掉who。‎ ‎3. 考查动词时态。句意：看到许多年轻人在附近的桌子上玩得很开心，我总是面带微笑。分析可知，句中为过去时，此处用延续性动词表达状态，延续性动词应用过去进行时，故将have 改为having。‎ ‎4. 考查介词。句意：他们欢声笑语，兴致勃勃。be full of 为固定结构，意为“充满”，故将with改为of。 ‎ ‎5. 考查连词。句意：我们正要离开时，我顺便过来聊了一会儿。前后动作为顺承关系，故将but 改为and。‎ ‎6. 考查句子结构。句意：我告诉他们他们一定是好朋友，因为他们在一起很有活力。情态动词之后需接动词原形作谓语，分析可知句中缺少be动词，故在must后添加be。‎ ‎7. 考查形容词。句意：我告诉他们他们一定是好朋友，因为他们在一起很有活力。 分析句子结构可知，为主系表结构，应用形容词作表语。故将energy改为energetic。‎ ‎8. 考查名词。句意：我说我很喜欢和他们共享空间。space 意为“空间”，为不可数名词。故将spaces 改为space。‎ ‎9. 考查人称代词。句意：他们都笑了，其中一个说她希望他们不会太吵。根据句意理解为“没有对我们造成困扰”，故将them 改为us。‎ ‎10. 考查动词不定式。句意：我很高兴我没有因为太害羞而不敢接近他们。too+… to do…为固定结构，意为“太……而无法做某事”，应接动词原形。故将approaching改为approach。‎ 第二节书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假定你是李华，你的家人想邀请你校的英国交换生Peter到你家聚餐。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．表明意图；‎ ‎2．阐述邀请的原因；‎ ‎3．告知时间、地点和乘车方式。‎ 注意：1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Peter How's everything going? On behalf of my family and myself, I'd like to invite you to have dinner with us.‎ I invite you not only because we are good friends and I want to treat you to dinner but also because my brother has some difficulty in learning English, which upsets him very much. Therefore, I hope that you can have a talk with him about English learning after dinner.‎ If it is convenient for you, please come to my home at 6 0'clock this Sunday afternoon. You can take the No. 666 bus at the west gate of our school and get off at Daxing Road, where I will pick you up.‎ I sincerely hope you can come. I'm looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours.‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请英国交换生Peter到家聚餐。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构：三段式结构。‎ 要求：1．表明意图，提出邀请。（invite to dinner）‎ ‎2．阐述邀请的原因（as a friend; have a talk with brother with his English）‎ ‎3．告知时间、地点和乘车方式。‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ on behalf of ; invite sb. to do; not only…but also; have some difficulty in…;be convenient for sb. ; look forward to ‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. On behalf of my family and myself, I'd like to invite you to have dinner with us.‎ ‎2. I invite you not only because we are good friends and I want to treat you to dinner but also because my brother has some difficulty in learning English.‎ ‎3. If it is convenient for you, please come to my home at 6 0'clock this Sunday afternoon.‎ ‎4. I'm looking forward to your early reply.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1. 表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎2.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。‎ ‎1） 作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：‎ I invite you not only because we are good friends and I want to treat you to dinner but also because my brother has some difficulty in learning English, which upsets him very much.‎ 这句话中既包含了并列结构not only… but also, 又使用了非限制性定语从句；which upsets him very much。‎ You can take the No. 666 bus at the west gate of our school and get off at Daxing Road, where I will pick you up.本句中含有where 引导的非限制定语从句：where I will pick you up ‎2） 使用了一些固定词组，如on behalf of ; invite sb. to do; have some difficulty in…; be convenient for sb. ; look forward to等。‎ 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎