专题04 阅读理解议论文-备战2019年高考英语之阅读类试题解题妙招 （解析版）

专题04 阅读理解议论文-备战2019年高考英语之阅读类试题解题妙招 （解析版）

专题04 阅读理解议论文 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。‎ ‎ 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：‎ 写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为…… ‎ 写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。‎ 写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。‎ 议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文 络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。‎ ‎32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media＂可知，像＂it bleeds＂这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。‎ ‎35.D 【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段＂By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.＂可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。‎ Passage2(2016·新课标全国卷II)‎ ‎＂Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?＂ Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ With her eyes shining, Tori brags, ＂You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.＂‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can ‎ cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the ＂in group.＂ In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ ‎ Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your ＂juicy story＂ might have.‎ ‎41. The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to __________.‎ A. introduce a topic B. present an argument ‎ C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose ‎42. An important negative effect of gossip is that it __________.‎ A. breaks up relationships B. embarrasses the listener C. spreads information around D. causes unpleasant experiences ‎43. In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it __________.‎ A. gives them a feeling of pleasure B. helps them to make more friends ‎ C. makes them better at telling stories D. enables them to meet important people ‎44. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can __________.‎ A. provide students with written rules B. help people watch their own behaviors C. force schools to improve student handbooks ‎ D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎45. What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A. Never become a gossiper.‎ B. Stay away from gossipers.‎ C. Don’t let gossip turn into lies.‎ D. Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。‎ ‎41.A 【解析】考查目的意图。根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)可知开头的对话是为了引入本文的主题， 故选A。‎ ‎42.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about可知其主要危害是会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。‎ Passage3(2016·北京卷)‎ Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some ‎ parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself bother intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving. ‎ C. Supportive. D. Neutral.‎ ‎68. The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means _________.‎ A. change B. choice ‎ C. text D. extension ‎69. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ A. To develop a shared identity among students.‎ B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior.‎ C. To provide a safe world without tension for students. ‎ D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.‎ ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ A.      B. C.    D.‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion ‎【文章大意】大学并不是温暖的家，也不能成为学生的家。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期，大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期，因此，学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。‎ ‎67.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段＂The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However...＂可知，作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的＂家＂，说明作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子，故选B。‎ ‎70.C 【解析】篇章结构题。根据 第四段＂Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.＂中的＂equally important＂和第五段的＂Moreover＂可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、 三类篇章结构题的出题方式 ‎1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ ‎●How is the text organized?‎ ‎●The author develops the passage mainly by________.‎ ‎●The text is mainly developed in the order of________.‎ ‎●Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? ‎ ‎2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：‎ ‎●The author quoted …words in... paragraph in order to make the article________.‎ ‎3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下： ‎ ‎●What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ ‎●Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?‎ 二、 解题策略 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面的相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。‎ 议论文总体上可以分为四类：‎ 第一类 ＂提出论点—分论点1—分论点2—分论点3……—结论＂；‎ 第二类 ＂引入段—导出论点—分点论述—结论＂；‎ 第三类 ＂提出问题—分析问题—解决问题＂；‎ 第四类 ＂提出反面观点—批驳反面观点—提出正面观点 Passage1（【全国百强校】安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三模拟）‎ Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.‎ One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.‎ Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.‎ Romer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.‎ Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.‎ Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer’s theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.‎ According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.‎ The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK’s University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”‎ As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University’s paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It’s only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.‎ ‎1. Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?‎ A. Hannah Byrne. B. Charles Darwin. C. Steven Balbus. D. Alfred Romer.‎ ‎2. Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?‎ A. There were larger oceans. B. Earth was under greater pressure.‎ C. Earth was closer to the moon. D. The moon gave off more energy.‎ ‎3. The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”.‎ A. settled B. trapped C. abandoned D. found ‎4. What is the focus of the article?‎ A. The arguments over a scientific theory.‎ B. The proposal of a new scientific theory.‎ C. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.‎ D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是议论文，Alfred Romer在一个世纪前提出的观点现在又成了热门话题，文中介绍了一些支持此观点的根据。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第七段400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.可知4亿年前的潮汐比现在更强，这是因为地球比现在离月球近10%.故选C。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】猜测词义题。根据Mattias Green的观点After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.可知被困在水池中几天，鱼就会没有食物或成为食物，四肢大的鱼生存更有优势。由此可知被困在水池里的生物会承受“适者生存”的压力，stranded意为“陷入困境的”与trapped同义，故选B.‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.提出本文的主题，Alfred Romer在一个世纪前提出的观点现在成了热门话题，下文叙述观点的内容和支持的论据。所以本文的重点是支持先前理论的一些新的证据，故选C。‎ Passage2（2018届河南省中原名校高三第三次质量考评）‎ Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.‎ Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care ‎ of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”‎ The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.‎ ‎“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.‎ ‎“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.‎ ‎1.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime.‎ B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.‎ D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.‎ ‎2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?‎ A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.‎ B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.‎ D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.‎ ‎3.What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.‎ C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids.‎ D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.‎ ‎4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing?‎ A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last.‎ B. To make sure if praise will change kids.‎ C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited.‎ D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler  years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，儿童的反社会行为可能是遗传的，故A项正确。‎ Passage3（福建省厦门市第一中学2019届高三模拟考试）‎ To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的). So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.‎ What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell(地狱 ) What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.‎ Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known farmer wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the "introduction of this wonderful new fruit--or is it a vegetable? ""As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit".‎ But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of? "he shouted. "T"ll show you fools that these things - are good to eat! Then he bit into the tomato, Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.‎ ‎1. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because__________.‎ A. it was religiously unacceptable B. it was the apple of Eden C. it came from a forbidden land D. it made Christian evil ‎2. What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?‎ A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.‎ B. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.‎ C. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.‎ D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.‎ ‎3. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?‎ A. To make himself a hero.‎ B. To persuade people to buy products from his factor.‎ C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.‎ D. To remove people's fear of the tomato.‎ ‎4. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To present the change of people' s attitudes to the tomato.‎ B. To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato.‎ C. To challenge people's fixed concepts of the tomato.‎ D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，主要讲的是西红柿在刚开始进入西方社会的时候，被人们认为是禁果，不能食用。这样的情况持续了很久，后来在一些勇敢者尝试了以后，被人们所接受。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三行"What are you afraid of?" he shouted. "I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.可知他这样做是为了告诉人们西红柿可以吃，是为了去除人们的偏见。故D正确。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是西红柿在刚开始进入西方社会的时候，被人们认为是禁果，不能食用。这样的情况持续了很久，后来在一些勇敢者尝试了以后，被人们所接受。主要讲述的是人们对西红柿的态度的转换。故A正确。‎ ‎ ‎ Passage1‎ Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.‎ Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.‎ ‎“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.‎ As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons ‎ enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.‎ Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.‎ ‎1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?‎ A. Teenagers. B. Adults. ‎ C. The elderly. D.A couple.‎ ‎2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?‎ A. No man is willing to live on an island.‎ B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society.‎ D. Our society is just like an island.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about outgoing people?‎ A. They like being alone.‎ B. They are fond of making friends.‎ C. They have intense friendships.‎ D. They have fewer close friends indeed ‎4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A. The formation of close friends.‎ B. The number of real friends.‎ C. Honesty, love and affection.‎ D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。‎ Passage2‎ It’s an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My wife says no because we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday. The joy of a recession (不景气) means no argument next year — we just won’t go.‎ Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov survey of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples.‎ Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money may be different things to men and women. ＂People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it’s for, ＂ he explains. ＂They’ll say it’s to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them.＂ He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they’ve achieved something.‎ ‎ ＂The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.＂‎ ‎1. What does the author say about going on holiday in Paragraph 1?‎ A. It will cost them too much money.‎ B. Few people can afford it without working hard.‎ C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.‎ D. It is the chief cause of family quarrels.‎ ‎2. According to the text, what does Kim Stephenson believe?‎ A. Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.‎ B. Money means a great deal to both men and women.‎ C. Men and women spend money on different things.‎ D. Men and women view money in different ways.‎ ‎3. The author suggests that couples should________.‎ A. put their money together instead of keeping it separately B. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship C. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets D. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic ‎【文章大意】文章通过度假的问题引入话题，男人和女人对钱的看法是不一样的，夫妻应该就钱的问题多进行讨论，这样可以建立健康的关系。‎ ‎1. C　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句＂I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday.＂可知，我们的努力工作是值得去度假的，故选C。‎ ‎3. B　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句＂In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.＂可知，作者认为夫妻应该就钱的问题多讨论，这样可以建立健康的关系，故选B。‎ Passage3‎ Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many ‎ people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything.‎ Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.‎ But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older.‎ ‎"The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier.‎ In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy.‎ Even if one does give in to age's dark side, health and happiness don't always go hand-in-hand. It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.‎ Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”‎ ‎1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?‎ A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness C. No one can define the limit to happiness.‎ D. The relationship between health and happiness.‎ ‎2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts?‎ A. They focus on what makes them feel good.‎ B. They have their own circle of friends.‎ C. They have better income after retirement.‎ ‎3.What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.‎ B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness.‎ C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.‎ D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic.‎ ‎4.What’s the topic discussed in the passage?‎ A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness.‎ B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.‎ C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is.‎ D. How older people feel compared with younger people.‎ ‎【文章大意】随着年龄的增加变老，人们的幸福感也是不一样的。一些人认为老年人会更幸福些，而另一部分分则持有相反的观点。无论如何，幸福的关键在于一个人对生活的态度。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据此段中“the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life… no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是没有标准和限度的。故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。随着年龄的增加变老，人们的幸福感也是不一样的。一些人认为老年人会更幸福些，而另一部分分则持有相反的观点。‎