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【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点练与析学案(10页word版)(1)
2018届二轮复习 主谓一致考点练与析 (一)就近一致原则 1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks. (二)意义一致原则 1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况 (1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. (2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? 2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for the murderer. 3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 (1)集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。 As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. (2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. (三)语法一致原则 1.由and连接的两个名词作主语 (1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份,谓语动词用单数。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived. (3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人, 谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. (4)通常由两个部件组成的物品,如:a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Bread and butter is not to his taste. 2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Is fifty pounds enough? 3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。 Twothirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 1.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,43) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable. 2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,69) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be) too violent for use at the table. 3.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,67) Yangshuo ________ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 4.(2015·湖南,27) It is important to remember that success ________(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________(take) years to achieve. 5.(2014·辽宁,66) Jonny: Be patient!Tai Chi ________(call)“shadow boxing” in English. 6.(2014·新课标Ⅰ,61) In 1969,the pollution was terrible...It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 7.(2013·湖南,33) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ (be) around $8,450 a year,which ________ (be) a burden for some of them. 8.(2013·福建,23) The famous musician,as well as his students,________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 9.(2012·陕西,12) The basketball coach,as well as his team,________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 10.(2012·湖南,35) All the scientific evidence ________(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health. 答案及解析 1.is句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语,故谓语动词用单数。 2.were句意:孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒,用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives,讲述的是过去的事情,所以用were。 3.is句意:阳朔很漂亮……根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时,又因为Yangshuo是单数名词,所以这里用is。 4.is;takes句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。因为主语success是单数,由句首的is可知是一般现在时态,结合起来用is和takes。 5.is called句意:忍耐一下!英语中,太极被叫做“shadow boxing”。根据句意可知空白处须填被动语态;而主语Tai Chi为第三人称单数,故填is called。 6.was句意:……把这条河清理干净是不可想象的事情。根据本段第一句“In 1969,the pollution was terrible...”可知本段指事情发生在过去,应该用过去式;而主语是It,为第三人称单数,故填was。 7.are;is句意:这所大学估计,一个外国留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元,这对他们中的一些人来说是个很大的负担。分析句子结构可知,第一空的主语living expenses是复数形式,所以谓语动词用复数,而后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代前面提到的钱数,故第二空谓语动词要用单数。 8.was invited句意:那个著名的音乐家,还有他的学生,被邀请在2012年的台北花博会开幕式上进行表演。当主语后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等时,其谓语动词的单复数形式按主语的单复数而定,又结合句意可知,这里应该用被动语态,且句子为过去时态。 9.was interviewed句意:比赛后不久,因为表现出色,这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as well as时,谓语动词的数不受短语的影响,仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after the match...可知,事情发生在过去,所以用过去式。 10.shows;is句意:所有的科学证据表明,在农业中不断增加使用的化学药品正在危害着我们的健康。第一空前是不可数名词(all the scientific evidence)作主语,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;第二空所在的that引导的宾语从句中,主语是名词use,所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。 主谓一致在短文改错的运用 短文改错和语法填空中,解决主谓一致问题的关键是要找准作主语部分的中心词,从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。在此应特别注意以下几个问题: 1.主语后带有as well as,rather than,together with等词或短语的成分时,谓语动词的形式须由前面的名词的单复数来确定。 2.形单意复的集合名词作主语时,须根据所表达的意义确定谓语动词的形式。 3.形复意单的名词,如学科名词、数词或时间段等作主语时谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。 4.the+adj.作主语时,若指人谓语动词须用复数形式,若指物则用第三人称单数形式。 5.主语前有every,each,many a,more than one修饰名词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;neither...nor...,not only...but also...,either...or...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词形式按就近原则处理。 6.从句、非谓语动词(短语)作主语时,此时一般用第三人称单数形式,但是what引导主语从句时,谓语动词形式需从意义上判断。 7.在倒装句中,主语在谓语动词之后,因此其形式须由后面的主语确定。 8.and连接两个单数名词作主语时,如果两个名词表示不同的人或物,谓语动词用复数;若表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。 (2014·四川) Today,I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off. (2014·湖南,32) All we need ________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 【解析】go→goes句意:今天,我将讲一讲当听到火警时,你们该怎么办。时间状语从句的主语a fire alarm为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。 【解析】is句意:我们需要的是一小片土地,以便在每年的种植季节栽种各种各样的果树。作主语的不定代词all指“我们所需要的东西”,即a small piece of land,谓语动词用单数形式;再由从句时态判断,本空填is。 考点回顾 “主语+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except+名词”,谓语动词的形式与主语一致。 A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers' Day by my students. The father as well as his children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter. 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,or,nor连接的并列成分作主语,以及there be句式中,谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。 Either you or I was wrong in this matter. Not only the teacher but also his students have been invited to the meeting. 被every,each,many a,more than one等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and(every)girl has adapted to the new teacher. Many a student in this school is from the country. 两个单数名词由and连接表示同一人或物时,谓语动词用单数。 The scientist and professor has made great contributions to the research. class,family,crew,team,group,crowd,government等集体名词作主语时,若侧重整体,谓语动词常用单数;若侧重成员,谓语动词用复数。 The football team is made up of 22 members. The football team are taking their training course on the playground. 表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,glasses,shorts等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰,谓语动词在数上要与pair的数保持一致。 These trousers need cleaning. This pair of glasses is mine. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 表示时间、距离、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 I think $5,000 is a large sum of money for him. Forty kilometers is a long distance for him to get there on foot. 分数或百分数作主语,谓语动词根据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定。 Two thirds of his income has been spent on books. Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty. “a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。 A number of new products have been successfully produced. The number of people doing fitness training is on the increase. a large quantity of与large quantities of修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。 A large quantity of trees has been planted on either side of the road. Large quantities of trees have been planted on either side of the road. 从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. 主语是what引导的从句,谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如:What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers. 定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。 Mr Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you. The Smiths,who are now downstairs,are asking to see you.查看更多