【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点练与析学案(10页word版)(1)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点练与析学案(10页word版)(1)

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致考点练与析 ‎(一)就近一致原则 ‎1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.‎ ‎2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.‎ ‎(二)意义一致原则 ‎1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ‎(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Politics is his favorite subject.‎ ‎(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。‎ Do you know when the United Nations was set up?‎ ‎2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The police are searching for the murderer.‎ ‎3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ‎(1)集体名词,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。‎ As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.‎ ‎(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。‎ The poor were looked down upon in the old days.‎ ‎(三)语法一致原则 ‎1.由and连接的两个名词作主语 ‎(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份,谓语动词用单数。‎ The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.‎ ‎(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。‎ The teacher and the poet have just arrived.‎ ‎(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,‎ 谓语动词用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.‎ ‎(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品,如:a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。‎ Bread and butter is not to his taste.‎ ‎2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Is fifty pounds enough?‎ ‎3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Twothirds of the books are about science.‎ Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.‎ ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,43) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable.‎ ‎2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,69) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be) too violent for use at the table.‎ ‎3.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,67) Yangshuo ________ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎4.(2015·湖南,27) It is important to remember that success ________(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________(take) years to achieve.‎ ‎5.(2014·辽宁,66) Jonny: Be patient!Tai Chi ________(call)“shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎6.(2014·新课标Ⅰ,61) In 1969,the pollution was terrible...It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎7.(2013·湖南,33) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ (be) around $8,450 a year,which ________ (be) a burden for some of them.‎ ‎8.(2013·福建,23) The famous musician,as well as his students,________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.‎ ‎9.(2012·陕西,12) The basketball coach,as well as his team,________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.‎ ‎10.(2012·湖南,35) All the scientific evidence ________(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1.is句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语,故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎2.were句意:孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒,用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives,讲述的是过去的事情,所以用were。‎ ‎3.is句意:阳朔很漂亮……根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时,又因为Yangshuo是单数名词,所以这里用is。‎ ‎4.is;takes句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。因为主语success是单数,由句首的is可知是一般现在时态,结合起来用is和takes。‎ ‎5.is called句意:忍耐一下!英语中,太极被叫做“shadow boxing”。根据句意可知空白处须填被动语态;而主语Tai Chi为第三人称单数,故填is called。‎ ‎6.was句意:……把这条河清理干净是不可想象的事情。根据本段第一句“In 1969,the pollution was terrible...”可知本段指事情发生在过去,应该用过去式;而主语是It,为第三人称单数,故填was。‎ ‎7.are;is句意:这所大学估计,一个外国留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元,这对他们中的一些人来说是个很大的负担。分析句子结构可知,第一空的主语living ‎ expenses是复数形式,所以谓语动词用复数,而后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代前面提到的钱数,故第二空谓语动词要用单数。‎ ‎8.was invited句意:那个著名的音乐家,还有他的学生,被邀请在2012年的台北花博会开幕式上进行表演。当主语后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等时,其谓语动词的单复数形式按主语的单复数而定,又结合句意可知,这里应该用被动语态,且句子为过去时态。‎ ‎9.was interviewed句意:比赛后不久,因为表现出色,这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as well as时,谓语动词的数不受短语的影响,仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after the match...可知,事情发生在过去,所以用过去式。‎ ‎10.shows;is句意:所有的科学证据表明,在农业中不断增加使用的化学药品正在危害着我们的健康。第一空前是不可数名词(all the scientific evidence)作主语,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;第二空所在的that引导的宾语从句中,主语是名词use,所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。‎ 主谓一致在短文改错的运用 短文改错和语法填空中,解决主谓一致问题的关键是要找准作主语部分的中心词,从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。在此应特别注意以下几个问题:‎ ‎1.主语后带有as well as,rather than,together with等词或短语的成分时,谓语动词的形式须由前面的名词的单复数来确定。‎ ‎2.形单意复的集合名词作主语时,须根据所表达的意义确定谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎3.形复意单的名词,如学科名词、数词或时间段等作主语时谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎4.the+adj.作主语时,若指人谓语动词须用复数形式,若指物则用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎5.主语前有every,each,many a,more than one修饰名词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;neither...nor...,not only...but also...,either...or...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词形式按就近原则处理。‎ ‎6.从句、非谓语动词(短语)作主语时,此时一般用第三人称单数形式,但是what引导主语从句时,谓语动词形式需从意义上判断。‎ ‎7.在倒装句中,主语在谓语动词之后,因此其形式须由后面的主语确定。‎ ‎8.and连接两个单数名词作主语时,如果两个名词表示不同的人或物,谓语动词用复数;若表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。‎ ‎ (2014·四川) Today,I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.‎ ‎ (2014·湖南,32) All we need ________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ ‎【解析】go→goes句意:今天,我将讲一讲当听到火警时,你们该怎么办。时间状语从句的主语a fire alarm为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。‎ ‎【解析】is句意:我们需要的是一小片土地,以便在每年的种植季节栽种各种各样的果树。作主语的不定代词all指“我们所需要的东西”,即a small piece of land,谓语动词用单数形式;再由从句时态判断,本空填is。‎ 考点回顾 ‎ “主语+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except+名词”,谓语动词的形式与主语一致。‎ ‎ A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers' Day by my students.‎ The father as well as his children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter.‎ ‎ 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,or,nor连接的并列成分作主语,以及there be句式中,谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎ Either you or I was wrong in this matter.‎ Not only the teacher but also his students have been invited to the meeting.‎ ‎ 被every,each,many a,more than one等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Every boy and(every)girl has adapted to the new teacher.‎ Many a student in this school is from the country.‎ ‎ 两个单数名词由and连接表示同一人或物时,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ The scientist and professor has made great contributions to the research.‎ ‎ class,family,crew,team,group,crowd,government等集体名词作主语时,若侧重整体,谓语动词常用单数;若侧重成员,谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ The football team is made up of 22 members.‎ The football team are taking their training course on the playground.‎ ‎ 表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,glasses,shorts等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰,谓语动词在数上要与pair的数保持一致。‎ ‎ These trousers need cleaning.‎ This pair of glasses is mine.‎ Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ 表示时间、距离、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ I think $5,000 is a large sum of money for him.‎ Forty kilometers is a long distance for him to get there on foot.‎ ‎ 分数或百分数作主语,谓语动词根据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定。‎ ‎ Two thirds of his income has been spent on books.‎ Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.‎ ‎ “a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ A number of new products have been successfully produced.‎ The number of people doing fitness training is on the increase.‎ ‎ a large quantity of与large quantities of修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。‎ ‎ A large quantity of trees has been planted on either side of the road.‎ Large quantities of trees have been planted on either side of the road.‎ ‎ 从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。‎ ‎ When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.‎ Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.‎ 主语是what引导的从句,谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如:What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers.‎ ‎ 定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。‎ ‎ Mr Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you.‎ The Smiths,who are now downstairs,are asking to see you.‎
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