2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十四：不要再对科技持悲观态度了

2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十四：不要再对科技持悲观态度了

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十四：不要再对科技持悲观态度了 Pessimism v progress 经济学人 读前导读：‎ 电子商务、网约车和零工经济可能很方便，同时也受到批评：工人工资过低、不平等加剧、车辆堵塞街道。‎ 家长们担心智能手机已经把他们的孩子变成了沉迷于屏幕的低头族。‎ 预计将主导下一个十年的科技似乎也蒙上了一层阴影。‎ 一：高级实词荟萃 1. Pessimism n 2. contemporary adj 3. impact n 4. historical adj 5. pattern n 6. vision n 7. bright adj 8. optimism n 9. dominate vt 10. decade n 11. invade vt 12. privacy n 13. propaganda n 14. ‎ undermine vt 15. democracy. n 16. E-commerce n 17. ride-hailing adj 18. gig n 19. convenient adj 20. entrench vt 1. bias n 2. prejudice n 3. threaten vt 4. Poll n 5. Magnets n 6. revolt. n 7. Mood n 8. inevitable adj 9. fret v 10. ‎ anxiety n 11. 二：高级词汇拓展 12. Pessimism悲观 adj ________________________ n _________________‎ 13. historical历史的 n ______________‎ 14. vision视野 adj _____________________‎ 15. bright明亮的 vt ______________‎ 16. optimism乐观 主义 adj ____________________ n_______________‎ 17. dominate支配 n ________________ adj _______________‎ 18. invade入侵 n _________ n _________‎ 19. privacy隐私 adj _________‎ 20. democracy.民主 adj _________‎ 21. convenient方便的 n_________ adv _________‎ 22. threaten威胁 n _________ adj _________ ‎ 23. inevitable不可避免的 adj _________ ‎ 24. anxiety焦虑 adj _________ adv_________ ‎ 三：高级短语荟萃 1. make things worse.‎ 2. Be supposed to ‎ 3. bring people together.‎ 4. Be hailed as a liberating force.‎ 5. better known for ‎ 6. charged with underpaying workers 7. clog the streets with vehicles.‎ 8. turn their children into screen-addicted zombies 9. cast a dark shadow.‎ 10. shore up authoritarian rulers.‎ 11. autonomous cars 12. manage to kill people all the same.‎ 13. sums up the encroaching gloom.‎ 14. industrial revolutions 15. rein in 16. the seemingly runaway forces of technology 17. bring people together.把人们聚集在一起。‎ 18. Be hailed as a liberating force.被誉为解放力量。‎ 19. better known for更著名 20. charged with underpaying workers被控拖欠工人工资 21. clog the streets with vehicles.用车辆堵塞街道。‎ 1. turn their children into screen-addicted zombies把他们的孩子变成屏幕上瘾的僵尸 2. cast a dark shadow.投下黑暗的阴影。‎ 3. shore up authoritarian rulers.支持独裁统治者。‎ 4. autonomous cars自动驾驶汽车 5. manage to kill people all the same.设法把人都杀了。‎ 6. sums up the encroaching gloom.总结一下正在蔓延的阴霾。‎ 7. industrial revolutions工业革命 8. rein in控制 9. the seemingly runaway forces of technology技术的看似失控的力量 原汁文章思维能力提升训练 Pessimism v progress Contemporary worries about the impact of technology are part of a historical pattern Faster, cheaper, better—technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future.‎ But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply.‎ The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse.‎ Social media were supposed to bring people together.‎ In the Arab spring of 2011 they were hailed as a liberating force.‎ Today they are better known for invading privacy, spreading propaganda and undermining democracy.‎ E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and clogging the streets with vehicles.‎ Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies.‎ The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow.‎ Artificial intelligence (AI) may well entrench bias and prejudice, threaten your job and shore up authoritarian rulers.‎ ‎5G is at the heart of the Sino-American trade war.‎ Autonomous cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same.‎ Polls show that internet firms are now less trusted than the banking industry.‎ At the very moment banks are striving to rebrand themselves as tech firms, internet giants have become the new banks, morphing from talent magnets to pariahs.‎ Even their employees are in revolt.‎ The New York Times sums up the encroaching gloom.‎ ‎"A mood of pessimism", it writes, has displaced "the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions." Except those words are from an article published in 1979.‎ Back then the paper fretted that the anxiety was "fed by growing doubts about society's ability to rein in the seemingly runaway forces of technology".‎ 1. What are the Contemporary worries about the impact of technology?‎ 2. What is people’s idea about today’s’ social media?‎ 3. Why are the convenient E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy blamed by people?‎ 4. What is the possible shortcoming of AI?‎ 5. What is the bad influence of smart phones to kids?‎ 1. Why people are worried about the new technology?‎ ‎7.What does the sentence "A mood of pessimism has displaced "the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions." Mean?‎ 五：报刊复杂句式品鉴。‎ E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and clogging the streets with vehicles.‎ 翻译： ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 解析：本句含有but引导的表示转折关系的____________句。underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and clogging the streets with vehicles.为___________作介词with 的宾语。‎ 本句的结构为_________________________ but t_______________________________.‎ 双语赏析 Contemporary worries about the impact of technology are part of a historical pattern 当代对科技影响的担忧是历史模式的一部分 Faster, cheaper, better—technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future.‎ 更快、更便宜、更好的科技是多数人期望创造一个更光明的未来所依赖的一个领域。‎ But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply.‎ 但在21世纪20年代来临之际，我们并没有那么乐观。‎ The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse.‎ 在过去十年中，占主导地位的新科技似乎让事情变得更糟了。‎ Social media were supposed to bring people together.‎ 社交媒体本应让人们更紧密的联系在一起。‎ In the Arab spring of 2011 they were hailed as a liberating force.‎ 在2011年的阿拉伯之春，他们被誉为一股解放力量。‎ Today they are better known for invading privacy, spreading propaganda and undermining democracy.‎ 如今，他们更出名的是侵犯隐私、传播宣传和破坏民主。‎ E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, exacerbating inequality and clogging the streets with vehicles.‎ 电子商务、网约车和零工经济可能很方便，同时也受到批评：工人工资过低、不平等加剧、车辆堵塞街道。‎ Parents worry that smart phones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies.‎ 家长们担心智能手机已经把他们的孩子变成了沉迷于屏幕的低头族。‎ The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow.‎ 预计将主导下一个十年的科技似乎也蒙上了一层阴影。‎ Artificial intelligence (AI) may well entrench bias and prejudice, threaten your job and shore up authoritarian rulers.‎ 人工智能(AI)很可能会加深偏见和偏见，威胁你的工作，支持独裁统治者。‎ ‎5G is at the heart of the Sino-American trade war.‎ ‎5G是中美贸易战的核心。‎ Autonomous cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same.‎ 自动驾驶汽车仍然不能正常使用，但却足以让人丧命。‎ Polls show that internet firms are now less trusted than the banking industry.‎ 民意调查显示，互联网公司现在比银行业更不受信任。‎ At the very moment banks are striving to rebrand themselves as tech firms, internet giants ‎ have become the new banks, morphing from talent magnets to pariahs.‎ 就在各大银行努力将自己打造成科技公司的同时，互联网巨头却成为了新型银行，从吸引人才的“磁铁”变身为“社会弃儿”。‎ Even their employees are in revolt.甚至其员工也在反抗。‎ The New York Times sums up the encroaching gloom.‎ ‎《纽约时报》总结了这种正在不断渗透的悲观情绪。‎ ‎"A mood of pessimism", it writes, has displaced "the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions." Except those words are from an article published in 1979.‎ 报告中写道，“悲观情绪”已经取代了“科学革命和工业革命必然带来进步的观点”。除了这些词来自1979年发表的一篇文章。‎ Back then the paper fretted that the anxiety was "fed by growing doubts about society's ability to rein in the seemingly runaway forces of technology".‎ 当时，《纽约时报》担心，这种焦虑“源于人们越来越怀疑社会是否有能力控制看似失控的科技力量”。‎ 同话题泛读材料 Today's gloomy mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago.‎ 如今，人们的悲观情绪主要集中在十年前开始流利的智能手机和社交媒体上。‎ Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before.‎ 然而，关于人类在科技上走错了方向，或者某些科技可能弊大于利的担忧，早在十年以前就已经出现了。‎ In the 1970s the despondency was prompted by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear immolation.‎ ‎20世纪70年代，人口过剩、环境破坏和核毁灭的前景引发了人们的担忧，加剧了沮丧情绪。‎ The 1920s witnessed a backlash against cars, which had earlier been seen as a miraculous answer to the affliction of horse-drawn vehicles— which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents.‎ ‎20世纪20年代也发生了一场反对汽车的运动，而在那之前，汽车曾被视为解决马车问题的灵丹妙药——因为马车让街上充满了噪音和粪便，造成了交通堵塞和事故。‎ And the blight of industrialization was decried in the 19th century by Luddites, Romantics and socialists, who worried (with good reason) about the displacement of skilled artisans, the despoiling of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands toiling in smoke-belching mills.‎ ‎19世纪，工业化的衰落遭到了反对科技进步者、浪漫主义者和社会主义者的谴责，他们有充分的理由对熟练技工的流失、对农村的掠夺以及在浓烟滚滚的工厂里辛勤劳作的工人的痛苦感到担忧。‎ Stand back, and in each of these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealised hopes and unforeseen consequences.‎ 退回去看，在每一个历史案例中，失望都是由未实现的希望和未预见的后果交织而成的。‎ Technology unleashes the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety; for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits.‎ 科技释放了创造性破坏的力量，因此引发焦虑是很自然的；对于任何给定的科技，它的缺点有时似乎超过了它的好处。‎ When this happens with several technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.‎ 当这种情况同时发生在几项科技上时，就像今天这样，结果是一种更广泛的科技悲观主义。‎ However, that pessimism can be overdone.‎ 然而，这种悲观情绪可能过头了。‎ Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted.‎ 人们太过频繁地关注一项新科技的缺点，却认为它所带来的好处是理所当然的。‎ Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of ubiquitous communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smart phones make possible.‎ 对屏幕时间的担忧，应该与无处不在的便利通信以及智能手机带来的即时信息和娱乐带来的更实质性的好处进行权衡。‎ A further danger is that Luddite efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new ‎ technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a "technology trap".‎ 将来，另一个威胁是，反对科技进步者将试图避免一项新科技在短期内所耗费的成本，最终剥夺其长期的利益，牛津大学学者卡尔.本尼迪克特.弗雷称之为“科技陷阱”。‎ Fears that robots will steal people's jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use.‎ 人们担心机器人会抢走人们的工作，这可能会促使政客们对机器人征税，以期阻止它们的应用。‎ Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.‎ 然而，从长远来看，随着劳动力的老龄化和萎缩，一些国家希望维持一定的生活水平，机器人需求必将越来越多 你的泛读笔记