2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案（27页）

2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案（27页）

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．hurricane n．　　　　　　　　　 飓风 ‎2．lightning n．[纵联1] 闪电 ‎3．thunderstorm n. 雷暴 ‎4．tornado n. 龙卷风 ‎5．current n. 海流；潮流 ‎6．feather n. 羽毛 ‎7．fur n. (动物的)毛皮 ‎8．tropical adj. 热带的 ‎9．wave n. 波浪 ‎10．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓 ‎11．ash n. 灰 ‎12．volcano n. 火山 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．disaster n. 灾难 ‎2．flood n. 洪水 ‎3．cause vt. 引起；导致 ‎4．bury vt. 埋葬 ‎5．occur vi.[纵联2、3] 发生 ‎6．strike vt.& n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击 ‎7．ruin vt. 毁坏 ‎8．previous adj. 以前的 ‎9．worldwide adj. 全世界的 ‎10．active adj. 积极的；活跃的 ‎11．damage n．& v．[纵联4] 损失；损害 ‎12．earthquake n. 地震 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的 ‎2．furniture n．家具→furnish vt.装备；配备 ‎3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地；强烈地 ‎4．erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发 ‎5．possibility n．可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→impossible adj.不可能的 ‎6．terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.感到害怕的；极度恐惧的→terrify vt.使害怕；使恐惧 ‎7．luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky adj.幸运的→luck n．运气；幸运 ‎8．thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的；感谢的→thank vt.& n．感谢；谢谢[纵联5]‎ ‎9．hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.有希望的→hope v．& n．希望；期望 ‎10．sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sad adj.伤心的→sadness n．悲伤 ‎11．fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．运气；财富 ‎12．warning n．警告→warn v．警告 纵联1.以ing结尾的名词一览 ‎①lightning闪电　　　　　 ②warning警告 ‎③feeling感觉；感情 ④greeting问候；致意 ‎⑤suffering痛苦；苦难 ⑥training训练；锻炼 纵联2.这些“发生”你可能不知道 ‎①occur(偶然)发生 ②happen(偶然)发生 ‎③take place(计划等)发生 ④break out(灾害、战争等)爆发 ‎⑤come about发生；产生(尤指不受控制地)‎ 纵联3.词形变换双写“r”‎ ‎①occur/occurred/occurred/occurring ‎②refer/referred/referred/referring ‎③prefer/preferred/preferred/preferring ‎④transfer/transferred/transferred/transferring 纵联4.各种“损害”多留意 ‎①damage损害 ②destroy(彻底地)毁坏 ‎③ruin(逐渐地)毁坏 ④harm损害 ‎⑤injure损害 ⑥hurt损害 纵联5.后缀ly副词小结 ‎①thankfully 感激地 ②hopefully满怀希望地 ‎③bravely勇敢地 ④quietly安静地 ‎⑤similarly相似地 ⑥fluently流利地 ‎⑦truly真正地 ⑧wholly整体地；完全 单元话题——自然灾害 子话题1　各种自然灾害 ‎　①snowstorm n．暴风雪 ②mudslide n．泥石流 ‎③catastrophe n．大灾难；浩劫 ④tsunami n．海啸 ‎⑤drought n．干旱 ⑥sandstorm n．沙尘暴 ‎⑦landslide n．滑坡 ⑧typhoon n．台风 子话题2　自然灾害的影响 ‎　①destruction n．破坏 ②melt vi.融化；溶化 ‎③release n．& v．释放 ④severe adj.严重的，剧烈的 ‎⑤trap vt.使……陷入困境 ⑥victim n．受害者；牺牲品 ‎⑦muddy adj.泥泞的 ⑧lava n．火山岩浆 ‎⑨terrify vt.使恐惧；惊吓 ⑩radioactive adj.放射性的 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2016·北京高考阅读B) On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce❶.That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.　❷　 (fortunate), Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.‎ When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in 　❸　 (ruin)．Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so 　❹　 (damage) that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.‎ ‎①用本单元中的词汇替换fierce：violent ‎②用fortunate的正确形式填空：Fortunately。ate为形容词后缀，类似的单词有considerate, desperate等 ‎③用ruin的正确形式填空：ruins；常用短语in_ruins表示：严重受损；破败不堪 ‎④用damage的正确形式填空：damaged ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空) The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking attracted❶ me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I 　❷　 (experience) in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.‎ ‎①用本单元的词汇替换attracted：struck ‎②用experience的正确形式填空：had_experienced。experience还可用作名词，作“(一次)经历，体验”讲时为可数名词；作“(由实践得来的)经验，阅历”讲时为不可数名词 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)而且，欢迎你们每个人积极参加这个活动，欣赏这部电影。(active)‎ What's_more,_everyone_of_you_will_be_welcome_to_take_active_part_in_the_activity,_enjoying_the_movie.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考写作)另一方面，我通过在一家旅行社做兼职陪同一些外国游客积累了相关的经验。(experience)‎ For_another,_I_have_accumulated_related_experience_by_working_parttime_in_a_travel_agency,_accompanying_some_foreign_tourists.‎ ‎3．(2017·天津高考书面表达)我每天埋头于英文小说，因此我在英语学习上已取得了很大的进步。(bury)‎ I'm_buried_in_the_English_novels_every_day,_therefore_I_have_made_great_progress_in_my_English_study.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)with much/rich experience　　 具有丰富的经验 by/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看 have experience in ... 有……的经验 ‎(2)experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的 be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·北京高考)After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences (experience) at school.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.‎ ‎③She has become quite experienced at/in teaching primary school students.‎ ‎④Robert is a worker with much experience, so it will make up for his lack of academic knowledge.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们带领着外国学生在我们学校里体验正宗的(authentic)茶文化，结果是非常值得的。‎ Last_week,_we_took_the_foreign_students_in_our_school_to_‎ experience_the_authentic_tea_culture,_which_turned_out_to_be_extremely_rewarding.‎ ‎2．cause vt.引起；导致；使遭受n.原因；事业；目标 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)cause sb.sth.　　　　　 给某人造成某种结果 cause sb./sth.to do sth. 导致某人做某事；‎ ‎ 引起某物……‎ ‎(2)the cause of ... ……的原因 cause and effect 因果 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The poor harvest caused prices to_rise (rise) sharply.‎ ‎②Drunk driving is one of the most common causes (cause) of traffic accidents.‎ 补全句子 ‎③According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily cause_and_effect.‎ 根据最近的调查研究，喝浓咖啡与患心脏病并没有必然的因果关系。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2017·江苏高考书面表达)结果，一些观众开始厌烦电影院，造成了缓慢的增长。‎ Consequently,_some viewers_began_to_turn_away_from cinemas,_causing_a_slower growth.‎ ‎3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 ‎[记牢]‎ bury one's head/face in one's hands　　 用手捂住头/脸 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于；专心于 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left.‎ ‎②Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.‎ 句型转换 ‎③Burying themselves in heavy school work, they didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎→Buried_in_heavy_school_work,_they didn't know it was raining outside.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④随着高考临近，我们高三学生都在埋头于繁忙的学习中。‎ As_the_College_Entrance_Examination_is_drawing_near,_we_senior_three_students_are_buried_in_busy_work.‎ ‎4．occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现 ‎[记牢]‎ sth.occurs to sb.　　　　　　　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that ... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.‎ 句型转换 ‎②Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how you came up with the idea.‎ ‎→Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining_how_the_idea_occurred_to_you.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③(2018·天津高考书面表达)当我们为比赛做准备时，我想起你曾在类似的比赛中获奖。‎ When we're making preparations for the event, it_occurred_to_me_that you once took a prize in a similar competition.‎ ‎5．strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；击中；撞击；敲(钟)；报(时)；擦燃(火柴)；打动n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中strike的含义 ‎①The town hall clock struck midnight.报(时)‎ ‎②The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.撞击 ‎③It struck me that I left the key on my table.突然想到 ‎④Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike.罢工 ‎⑤What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.打动 ‎⑥It was extremely dark in the passage so he struck a match.擦燃 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处 sth.strikes sb.＝sth.occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It strikes sb.that .../It strikes sb.to do ...‎ ‎ 某人突然想到……‎ ‎(2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 ‎(3) striking adj. 引人注目的，突出的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑦The first time he met the girl, he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her.‎ ‎⑧What is most striking (strike) is how smart the children are.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑨The coal miners decided to go_on_strike for better working conditions.‎ 煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑩我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。‎ It/An_idea_struck/hit/occurred_to_me_that_we_ought_to_make_a_new_plan.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．As we all know, the red light is a warning (警告) sign for stop.‎ ‎2．In previous (以前的) time, I didn't realize how valuable his advice was.‎ ‎3．A noisy motorway has ruined (毁坏) the peaceful village life.‎ ‎4．These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage (损害)．‎ ‎5．Is there any possibility (可能性) that we can finish the task in ‎ such a short time?‎ ‎6．She is still very active (活跃的), in spite of her advanced years.‎ ‎7．A good idea struck (想起) me while I was walking along the river.‎ ‎8．An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster (灾难) happened.‎ ‎9．The abrupt change of the climate has drawn worldwide (全世界的) attention to the benefit of green energy.‎ ‎10．I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred (发生)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Xiao Li is very skilled and experienced (experience) though he's been in the factory for only a short time.‎ ‎2．Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence (violent) can.”‎ ‎3．With that warning (warn) he took the bird and put it back into its cage.‎ ‎4．These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing (cause) serious harm to life and the environment.‎ ‎5．Many men were_buried (bury) underground when there was an accident in the mine.‎ ‎6．At the moment we are debating what furniture (furnish) to buy for the house.‎ ‎7．Fortunately (fortunate), there was someone at hand, so we asked him to deliver the message at once.‎ ‎8．(2018·天津高考)It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.‎ ‎9．Luckily (luck), with a little bit of work and some knowledge, you'll be able to write the letter you need to get the job.‎ ‎10．Thankfully (thankful), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．I still think it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying ‎2．A strange idea was occurred to him when he was wandering in the street.去掉第一个was ‎3．Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures.furnitures→furniture ‎4．The author of the book had a lot of hard experience in his life.experience→experiences ‎5．Hopeful, I'll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.Hopeful→Hopefully Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．他是个有经验的老师，有丰富的教学经验。(experience)‎ He is an_experienced_teacher and he has_much_experience/is_very_experienced_in teaching.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我希望这种变化不会给你造成太多麻烦。(cause)‎ I hope the change will not cause_you_too_much_trouble.‎ ‎3．她忍受不了疼痛，以至于用手捂住脸不由自主地抽噎起来。(bury)‎ She couldn't stand the pain so that she buried_her_face_in_her_hands and sobbed uncontrollably.‎ ‎4．我想你从未想到给警方打电话。(occur)‎ I suppose it_never_occurred_to_you to phone the police.‎ ‎5．医院员工举行罢工以抗议这起事件。(strike)‎ Staff at the hospital went_on_strike to protest against the incident.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．pick_up　　　　　　 卷起；掀起；拾起；接载；(偶然)学会；情况好转 ‎2．take_off 去掉；脱掉；起飞 ‎3．set_fire_to [串记1] 放火(焚烧)……‎ ‎4．catch_fire 着火 ‎5．put_out 扑灭(火)‎ ‎6．on_average 平均起来 ‎7．end_up 结果为……，以……结束 ‎8．in_all [串记2] 总共；总计 ‎9．refer_to 指的是；谈到；涉及；参考 ‎10．take_place 发生 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.fire相关短语大观园 ‎①set fire to　　　　　 放火(焚烧)……‎ ‎②set ...on fire 放火(焚烧)……‎ ‎③catch fire 着火(表示动作)‎ ‎④be on fire 着火(表示状态)‎ ‎⑤put out the fire 扑灭火 ‎⑥make/light/start a fire 点火；生火 串记2.all相关短语荟萃 ‎①in all总共；总计　　　　　　 ②after all毕竟 ‎③above all首先；最重要的是 ④first of all首先 ‎⑤all in all总的来说 ⑥not at all一点也不 ‎1．on the same latitude　　　　　　　 在同一纬度 ‎2．in the next town 在邻近的城镇 ‎3．more than 400 kilometres per hour 每小时400千米以上 ‎4．hit the city 袭击了这座城市 ‎5．by the late 1890s 到19世纪90年代末 ‎6．a total of 总数；总计 ‎7．the worst natural disaster 最严重的自然灾害 ‎1．They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside_exactly_where_it_was.‎ 它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。‎ ‎2．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing_about_80_deaths and_1,500_injuries.‎ 平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。‎ ‎3．When the lava reached the sea, there_was_the_possibility_of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.‎ 当岩浆涌进大海时，有可能引发巨大浪潮，足以淹没半个岛屿。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空) “Something's not right！” I took_off (脱下) my Tshirt and dived into the water.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空) Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put_out (扑灭)．‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考完形填空) The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon, picked_up (捡起) the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.‎ ‎4．(2018·天津高考完形填空)My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving_me_one_of_the_greatest_thrills_of_my_life (成为我生命中最令人激动的事情之一)!‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2015·天津高考书面表达) At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class, which you can refer_to (参考) to learn more about China.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考写作)保罗叔叔，我爸爸的朋友，从机场接我们，并开车送我们去他在佩科斯的农场。‎ Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked_us_up_from_the_airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.‎ ‎3．(2016·10月浙江高考写作)几乎没有可能继续在黑暗中沿着小溪行走，但是简没有放弃。(there be possibility of ...)‎ There_was_little_possibility_of_continuing_walking_along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．pick up拿起；卷起；掀起；拾起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；整理；接载；情况好转 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中pick up的含义 ‎①Tom, will you pick up all your toys？整理 ‎②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.接收 ‎③I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.接载 ‎④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)学会 ‎⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.情况好转 ‎⑥Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”拿起 ‎[记牢]‎ pick out　　　　　　 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 pick off 摘掉；摘下来 pick yourself up (跌倒后)站起来；振作起来 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑦That pile on the left are the ones that have been picked out for the library.‎ ‎⑧The insecticide (杀虫剂) might harm the flowers.Let's pick off the insects by hand.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑨(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我的父母想让我和他们一起去机场接他。‎ My_parents_want_me_to_go_to_the_airport_with_them_to_pick_him_up.‎ ‎2．end up结果为……；以……结束 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)end up doing sth.　　 最终以做某事结束 end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……‎ end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)‎ end up as 最终成为……‎ ‎(2)come to an end 结束 put/bring an end to 结束……‎ in the end 最后，终于 on end 竖立；笔直地；连续地 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering (remember) nothing.‎ ‎②Anderson was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time.‎ ‎③The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.‎ ‎④If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑤The football match came_to_an_end,_and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.‎ 足球比赛结束了，人群很快就从足球场散去了。‎ ‎⑥The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even though their income can only make_ends_meet.‎ 这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能勉强维持生计。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦最后，当我们校长宣布获胜者时，整个现场爆发出热烈的掌声和欢呼声。‎ In_the_end,_when_our_headmaster_announced_the_winners,_the_whole_place_burst_out_with_clapping_and_cheering.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[教材原句]　They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside_exactly_where_it was.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Don't leave_the_light_on when you are not in the room.‎ 当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。‎ ‎(2)If you leave the water running (run) when you don't use it, you are wasting.‎ 如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。‎ ‎(3)What disappoints me is that she leaves me to_finish (finish) the work by myself.‎ 使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。‎ ‎(4)You should make it a rule to leave_things_where_you_can_find_them_again.‎ 把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 ‎(2)leave＋宾语＋分词 ‎(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式 ‎(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句 注意事项 在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)We can often see many students leave the water running and some let the lights on for a long time, which causes a serious waste of resources.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)You'd better leave the door open to let in the fresh air.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 pick up， take off， set fire to， catch fire， put out， on average， end up， in all ‎1．The store caught_fire.Fortunately, all the people there escaped from it.‎ ‎2．A fire broke out in the building last night.Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put_out the fire.‎ ‎3．On_average each report requires one week to prepare.‎ ‎4．The teacher said there were twelve in_all who had failed in the exam.‎ ‎5．The man in black was about to set_fire_to the house when the police came.‎ ‎6．It was not until she took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ ‎7．At the corner, the bus stopped and picked_up three people.‎ ‎8．If you don't eat less, you'll end_up looking like a whale!‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)‎ It was too foolish of him to_refer_to_his_notes during that important test.‎ ‎2．大部分饭菜宾客都没动，因为它们的味道不可口。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)‎ The guests left_most_of_the_dishes_untouched,_because they didn't taste delicious.‎ ‎3．很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。(pick out)‎ It's easy to pick_him_out in a crowd because he is very tall.‎ ‎4．Is it possible that we can finish the task in such a short time?‎ ‎→Is_there_a_possibility_that we can finish the task in such a short time？(There is a possibility that ...)‎ ‎5．The fog was so heavy that it made it impossible for us to get there on time.‎ ‎→The fog was so heavy, making_it_impossible_for_us_to_get_there on time.(分词短语作结果状语)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，最近获悉你的美国笔友Peter的家乡受到地震侵袭，损失惨重。请你用英语给Peter写一封慰问信。信的内容要点包括：‎ ‎1．得知情况及感受；‎ ‎2．表达安慰和鼓励；‎ ‎3．打算提供的帮助。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 根据题干要求可知，本文要求写一封慰问信，时态为一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、二人称。文章应分三个层次来写作，共三个要点：要点1为写信目的及感受(开头)；要点2为表达安慰和鼓励并说明打算提供的帮助(主体)；要点3为表达希望和祝愿(结尾)。主体部分应该依据要点2进行构思，要点2的表述比较宽泛，写作时应该进行细化处理，如表达安慰和鼓励时可以表达为“生活不是那么糟糕，会渡过这个困难时期，鼓起勇气去面对并摆脱困境”；打算提供帮助时可表达为“我会提供帮助，号召同学们捐款”。‎ 要点1－①：听到一场地震侵袭了你的家乡我感到非常难过。(awfully, hit)‎ I'm_awfully_sorry_to_hear_that_an_earthquake_hit_your_hometown.‎ 要点1－②：我写信是为了表达我对你的深切同情。(sympathy)‎ I_am_writing_to_express_my_deepest_sympathy_to_you.‎ 要点2－①：生活不是那么糟糕。‎ Life_isn't_so_bad.‎ 要点2－②：你会渡过这个困难的时期的。(get through)‎ You_will_get_through_this_difficult_period.‎ 要点2－③：你肯定会鼓起你所有的勇气去面对并摆脱困境。(definitely, mess)‎ You_will_definitely_gather_all_your_courage_to_face_and_handle_the_mess.‎ 要点3－①：如果我能帮上忙，请不要犹豫，让我知道。‎ If_I_can_be_of_any_help,_please_don't_hesitate_to_let_me_know.‎ 要点3－②：我会号召同学们为你捐赠。‎ I_will_call_on_my_classmates_to_make_a_donation_to_you.‎ 结尾语：不要放弃希望，坚强起来！期待你的好消息！(long for)‎ Never_give_up_hope_and_be_strong!_Longing_for_good_news_from_you!‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展。例如：要点1－①可以添加事件的结果(造成了巨大损失)；在文章的主体部分表达安慰和鼓励并打算提供帮助时，为了使文章过渡自然，需要补加一个衔接句“你现在一定很伤心”；要点2－②的表达显得单调，可以用as long as引导的条件状语从句指出条件(只要你保持乐观)；要点2－③可以添加状语“作为一个意志坚强的人”和定语从句(地震所带来的困境)；要点3－②可以用不定式作目的状语来说明捐款的目的(帮助你渡过难关)。‎ 拓展要点1－①：听到一场地震侵袭了你的家乡并造成了巨大损失我非常难过。(cause)‎ I'm_awfully_sorry_to_hear_that_an_earthquake_hit_your_hometown_and_caused_a_great_loss.‎ 补充衔接句：你现在一定很伤心。(sorrowful) ‎ You_must_feel_sorrowful_now.‎ 拓展要点2－②：只要你保持乐观，你会渡过这个困难的时期的。(optimistic)‎ As_long_as_you_remain_optimistic,_you_will_get_through_this_difficult_period.‎ 拓展要点2－③：作为一个意志坚强的人，你肯定会鼓起你所有的勇气去面对并摆脱地震所带来的困境的。(strongwilled，定语从句)‎ As_a_strongwilled_man,_you_will_definitely_gather_all_your_courage_to_face_and_handle_the_mess_that_the_earthquake_brought_about.‎ 拓展要点3－②：我会号召同学们为你捐赠来帮助你渡过难关。(不定式作目的状语)‎ I_will_call_on_my_classmates_to_make_a_donation_to_you_to_help_you_go_through_the_difficulty.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 写作时要注意上下文的连贯性，可使用一些过渡性词语和句子，使文章结构紧凑。“你现在一定很伤心”是一个承上启下句，应放在表达“安慰和鼓励”之前；然后用however进行语意上的衔接；在表示“号召捐赠”时可以通过条件状语“If necessary”来进行衔接。‎ Dear_Peter，‎ I'm_awfully_sorry_to_hear_that_an_earthquake_hit_your_hometown_and_caused_a_great_loss.I_am_writing_to_express_my_deepest_sympathy_to_you.‎ You_must_feel_sorrowful_now.However,_life_isn't_so_bad.As_long_as_you_remain_optimistic,_you_will_get_through_this_difficult_period.As_a_strongwilled_man,_you_will_definitely_gather_all_your_courage_to_face_and_handle_the_mess_that_the_earthquake_brought_about.If_I_can_be_of_any_help,_please_don't_hesitate_to_let_me_know.If_necessary,_I_will_call_on_my_classmates_to_make_a_donation_to_you_to_help_you_go_through_the_difficulty.‎ Never_give_up_hope_and_be_strong!_Longing_for_good_news_from_you!‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十五)　议论文之总分结构——找到论点、论证过程是关键 ‎“总分结构”议论文最显著的特点是论点伴随事例在文章开头部分提出，事例往往是铺垫，是提出论点的前奏。随之而来的是论证过程。该论证过程中常常采用分层逐条论述。抓住了此类文章的结构特点，再结合题目要求，便能快速到原文中定位信息区间，从而正确解题。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A篇 ‎[找论点、论证过程]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ ◄‎ ‎　　论点 分：论证过程 影响1‎ 影响2‎ 影响3‎ ‎　提出建议 ‎[1]“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ ‎[2]With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”‎ ‎[3]Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话). ‎ ‎1.速读全文找论点 本文以事例开头，引出全文的论点：闲话的三个方面的影响，即第三段的最后一句。‎ ‎2.细读文章找论证过程 I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎[4]An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎[5]If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing 本文按论点提出的顺序从三个方面论证了闲话对人们的影响。‎ ‎①闲话伤人(影响1)‎ ‎②闲话给人一种满足感(影响2)‎ ‎③闲话影响人的举止行为并举例加以说明(影响3)‎ ‎3.针对影响提出建议 ‎ the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感)．‎ ‎[6]Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎[7]The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your ‎ “juicy story” might have.‎ ‎[抓关键词定位信息区间]‎ ‎41．The author at the beginning of the passage to ________.‎ A．introduce a topic　　　 　B．present an argument C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose ‎43．In the author’s opinion, it ________.‎ A．gives them a feeling of pleasure B．helps them to make more friends C．makes them better at telling stories D．enables them to meet important people ‎45．What does the author give in the passage?‎ A．Never become a gossiper.‎ B．Stay away from gossipers.‎ C．Don’t let gossip turn into lies.‎ D．Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎[答案]　41.A　43.A　45.D ‎41．用对话第1、2段第3段的论点，由此便知答案。‎ ‎43．原因“影响2”，比对可得出答案。‎ ‎45．建议第七段得出答案。‎