【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词的时态与语态（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题动词的时态与语态（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题动词的时态与语态 一般时态 一般时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态 过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作 所谓一般时态，表示既不“进行”，又不“完成”。‎ He is always ready to help others.‎ 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)‎ When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.‎ 我小时候常去那个公园玩。(过去的习惯)‎ ‎1．一般现在时 ‎(1)一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加s或es，其变化规则如下表所示：‎ 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加s helps, eats, rises, reads 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词 加es discuss→discusses teach→teaches 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ies carry→carries fly→flies ‎(2)一般现在时的用法 一般现在时除了可以表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态外，还可表示：‎ ‎①客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用 一般现在时。‎ The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。‎ ‎②用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。‎ ‎2．一般过去时 ‎(1)一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：‎ 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加ed pack→packed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ied carry→carried marry→married 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加ed plan→planned chat→chatted 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加d like→liked provide→provided ‎(2)一般过去时的用法 一般过去时除了可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：‎ ‎①want, hope, think, intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原……”之意。‎ I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。‎ ‎②wonder的一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为，但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉、客气。‎ I wondered if you could do me a favour.‎ 我不知道你能否帮我一个忙。‎ ‎3．一般将来时 ‎(1)一般将来时的构成 ‎①shall＋动词原形(第一人称)‎ ‎②will＋动词原形(各种人称)‎ ‎(2)一般将来时的用法 一般将来时除了可以表示将来的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：‎ ‎①will＋动词原形 will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。will表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。‎ Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。‎ ‎—Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?‎ ‎—No. I will go and visit him right now.‎ ‎——你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？‎ ‎——不知道。我现在就去看他。‎ ‎②be going to＋动词原形 ‎“be going to＋动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。‎ He is going to speak on TV this evening.‎ 他今晚要在电视上讲话。‎ Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.‎ 看这些乌云，要下雨了。‎ ‎③be about to＋动词原形/be on the point of＋动名词 ‎“be about to＋动词原形”及“be on the point of＋动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when(＝and at that time)引出的分句连用。‎ The train is about to start/is on the point of starting.‎ 火车就要开了。‎ ‎④有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。‎ I'm leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我要去北京。‎ ‎⑤某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、作息安排表等内容。‎ We must hurry up. The first class begins at eight o'clock.‎ 我们必须快点。第一节课将在八点开始。‎ ‎⑥be to＋动词原形 用法 例句 表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事”‎ She is to get married next month.‎ 她将于下个月结婚。‎ 表示“按照职责、义务、规定等应该做某事”，相当于should, ought to You are to report it to the police.‎ 你应该报警。‎ 表示注定要发生的事情 Your plan is to be a failure. ‎ 你的计划注定要失败。‎ ‎4．过去将来时 ‎(1)过去将来时的构成 should/would＋动词原形 ‎(2)过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ He said he would be here at nine o'clock.‎ 他说他将在九点钟到这里。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ 解析：managed　此处讲的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school ________(come) first.”‎ 解析：comes　此句是直接引语，陈述客观事实，根据前面句子的谓语可知，动词come应该使用一般现在时。‎ ‎③(2017·浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband _______ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.‎ 解析：searched　根据后面的“but turned up nothing”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。‎ ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 解析：goes　此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。‎ ‎⑤(2014·北京高考改编)—What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea.But just a minute, I______(check)it for you.‎ 解析：will check　句意：“几点了？”“我不知道。等等，我给你查一下”。根据句意可知，看表的动作还没有发生，因此应用将来时态。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.‎ 解析：goes→went　此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!‎ 解析：came→comes　此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.‎ 解析：become→became　此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语，形式上应保持一致，故become应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that ...‎ 解析：had→have　根据前面的is与后面的tells可知此处要用一般现在时。‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ 解析：thought→think　根据语境可知，我认为这是一个好主意。由后面的does, can still learn 可知此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.‎ 解析：tell→told　根据前面两句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑦(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.‎ 解析：telling→told　句子的主语为“A woman”，谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语，and连接的是两个并列谓语，而不是两个宾语补足语，所以telling改为told。‎ 进行时态 ‎1.进行时态的构成 ‎(1)考纲对进行时态要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时，它们的形式分别为：‎ ‎(2)现在分词的构成形式：‎ 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加ing try→trying 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加ing regret→regretting ban→banning 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加ing hate→hating date→dating ‎2．进行时态的用法 ‎(1)进行时态表示某一时刻或阶段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，具有暂时性和未完成性的特点。‎ I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.‎ 我并不在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。(暂时性)‎ I am reading the book; I will finish it in a week.‎ 我正读那本书，一周后我就会读完了。(未完成性)‎ ‎(2)表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，但此时此刻动作不一定正在进行，常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。‎ We are making model planes these days.‎ 这些天我们在制作飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定在做)‎ ‎(3)表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。‎ He is always thinking of others first.‎ 他总是先想到他人。‎ ‎(4)有些动词的进行时态可以表示将来。(见一般将来时的用法)‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·天津高考改编)I ________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ 解析：was driving　句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing ... when ...“正在做……，这时突然……”。‎ ‎②(2014·重庆高考改编)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he_______(come) until yesterday.‎ 解析：was coming/would come　句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是我直到昨天才知道他要来。根据句意可知，昨天才知道他将要来，所以要用过去将来时，此处既可以用进行时表示将来，也可用would come。‎ ‎③(2014·北京高考改编)—Hi, let's go skating.‎ ‎—Sorry, I'm busy right now.I_______(fill) in an application form for a new job.‎ 解析：am filling　句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰吧。”“抱歉，我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”此句表示说话时正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。‎ 完成时态 ‎1．现在完成时 ‎(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(‎ 在过去的几天/年里)，since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。‎ In the past few years, many new railways have been laid down.‎ 在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。‎ ‎(2)表示过去发生已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在造成的影响上。常用的状语有：already, just (刚刚), yet, before等。‎ He has turned off the light.(＝The light is off now.)‎ 他已经关掉灯了。‎ ‎(3)在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is＋the first/second ... time”之后的定语从句中，谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ This is the first time (that) I have come here.‎ 这是我第一次来这里。‎ This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk.‎ 这是我喝过的最好的茶了。‎ ‎(4)瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语；若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。‎ He has come to Beijing since last year.(×)‎ He has lived in Beijing since last year.(√)‎ 部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)之间的转换：‎ 买buy→have 　　　　　　　　 借borrow→keep 结婚get married→be married 认识get to know→know ‎ 离开leave→be away 回来come back→be back 生病fall ill→be ill 死亡die→be dead 关闭turn off→be off 打开turn on→be on 动身leave for →be off to 变成become→be 返回return→be back 开始begin→be on 睡觉go to bed→sleep 穿put on→have on/wear 来/去come/go→be in/away 参加join→be a member of 感冒take/get/catch a cold→have a cold 入睡go to sleep→be asleep 到达get to/arrive in (at)/reach→be in/stay ‎2．过去完成时 ‎(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即表示“过去的过去”)。‎ She had learned some English before she came to the institute.‎ 她在来这个机构前已学过一些英语了。‎ ‎(2)表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去的另一时间，还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of＋“表示过去的某一时间”。‎ By then he had learned English for 3 years.‎ 到那时，他已学了三年英语了。‎ ‎(3)表示愿望、打算的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。‎ I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.‎ 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)‎ ‎(4)用于某些固定句型中：‎ ‎①Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely ... when ...和No sooner ... than ...句型中， when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。‎ Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.‎ 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。‎ ‎②It was/had been＋一段时间＋since从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.‎ 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。‎ ‎③That/It/This was the first/second ... time＋that从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。‎ It was the third time (that) he had left the key at home.‎ 那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。‎ ‎3．将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为 ‎“by＋将来的某个时间”。‎ By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.‎ 到明年的这个时候，你们就都成为大学生了。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　 　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句改错/单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.‎ 解析： had→have　根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句应该使用现在完成时。‎ ‎②(2016·北京高考改编)I_______(read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ 解析： have read　句意：这本英文小说我已经读了一半了，我会尽量在周末把它读完。根据句意和情景可知，read的动作已经完成，故应该使用现在完成时。‎ ‎③(2015·安徽高考改编)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I_______(leave) my book in the cafe.‎ 解析： had left　句意：就在我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把我的书落在咖啡馆里了。句中as引导的时间状语从句和主句的时态都是一般过去时，空格处的句子是realize的宾语从句。结合句意可知，宾语从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，且已完成，故用过去完成时态。‎ ‎④(2015·北京高考改编)In the last few years, China______(make) great achievements in environmental protection.‎ 解析： has made　句意：在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据句意和时间状语“In the last few years”可知，应该使用现在完成时态。‎ ‎⑤(2014·浙江高考改编)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she_______(see) most of the guests before.‎ 解析： had seen　句意：索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。根据谓语动词looked, had和时间状语before可知，是过去的事情，而“以前见过”应该发生在这些动作之前，即“过去的过去”‎ ‎，故用过去完成时。‎ 完成进行时态 ‎1．考纲对完成进行时态要求掌握的时态为现在完成进行时，其形式为：have/has＋been＋doing。‎ ‎2．现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时的组合，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作或表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，如：它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”的特点。‎ He has been learning English for 6 years.‎ 他学英语已经六年了。(从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学)‎ It has been raining for 3 days.‎ 已经下了三天雨了。(强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)‎ 被动语态 被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。‎ 被动语态与时态结合，形成各种时态下的被动语态：‎ 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 am/is/‎ are done was/‎ were done will/shall be done would/‎ should be done 进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done 完成式 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/‎ should have been done ‎1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 ‎(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ ‎→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.‎ ‎→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.‎ ‎(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。‎ The boss made him work all day long.‎ ‎→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．‎ ‎(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ The children were taken good care of (by her)．‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎(4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。‎ We can repair this watch in two days.‎ ‎→This watch can be repaired in two days.‎ ‎(5)当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。‎ People say he is a smart boy.‎ ‎→He is said to be a smart boy.‎ ‎→It is said that he is a smart boy.‎ People know paper was made in China first.‎ ‎→Paper was known to be made in China first.‎ ‎→It is known that paper was made in China first.‎ ‎[名师指津]　类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...‎ ‎2．不能用被动语态的几种情况 ‎(1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。‎ ‎(2)表示归属的动词或短语，如have, own, belong to等。‎ ‎(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。‎ ‎(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎3．主动形式表示被动意义 ‎(1)当连系动词feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容词时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始，结束，关，停，转，启动”等意义时。‎ The flowers smell sweet.‎ 花儿散发着芳香。‎ This kind of cloth washes easily.‎ 这种布料容易洗。‎ ‎(2)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。‎ The lamps on the wall turned off.‎ 墙上的灯熄灭了。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　 考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ 解析： are removed　根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fat and salt”与remove之间是被动关系，所以填are removed。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines_______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ 解析： were used　此处讲的是过去的事情，主语“Steam engines”和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah ________(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ 解析： has been told/was told　句意：有人告诉过萨拉，她可能成为英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元。根据句意可知句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。再由从句中的谓语动词“could be”可知，此处也可使用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the ‎ notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ 解析： was allowed　根据空格前一句的时态及allow sb.to do sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might________(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ 解析： be made　根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。‎ ‎⑥(2016·北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________(reward) with success in the end.‎ 解析： will be rewarded　句意：学生们一直刻苦学习功课，他们的努力最终将会获得成功作为回报。根据句意和语境可知，前一分句使用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续到现在；后一分句应该使用一般将来时，且动词reward与主语efforts之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应该使用被动语态。‎ ‎⑦(2016·四川高考)The giant panda ________(love) by people throughout the world.‎ 解析： is loved　大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ ‎⑧(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.‎ 解析： 去掉 been　studies与show之间为主动关系，不用被动语态。‎ ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·山东淄博一中模拟)During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils were_allowed (allow) to visit him in his prison.‎ ‎2．(2018·陕西西安中学模拟)In a word, mass media will_be (be) all the more important in the future and their function will enormously expand.‎ ‎3．(2018·河南鹤壁高中模拟)In American high schools, subjects are_divided (divide) into different levels.‎ ‎4．We've got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is_being_used/is_used (use) in the classroom.‎ ‎5．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are_suffering (suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.‎ ‎6．Though the interview went(go) well, it was impressed on him again that compared with the other candidates he didn't have the ability to get the job.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·山东淄博一中模拟)They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and think we might do the same. had→have ‎2．(2018·河南洛阳一中模拟)I am a member of the English Club, which is set up by the Student Union three years ago.is→was ‎3．(2018·江西玉山一中模拟)I believe I would improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.would→will ‎4．When we were walking past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention.去掉_was ‎5．(2018·山东桓台二中模拟) In order to make my dream come true, I worked parttime to save money while I was studied at college. studied→studying ‎6．There is no doubt that more than one change has been taken place in my school.去掉been ‎7．(2018·湖南石门一中模拟)I have told that one more volunteer will be needed this year and I think you are suitable for the job.have后加been ‎8．(2018·湖南衡阳八中模拟)As an archaeology student, I have already knew something about the Qin Tomb and the Terracotta Warriors. knew→known Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 ‎1．如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(go, a key college, excellent)‎ If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.‎ ‎2．我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里待了一个月。(cousin, go back, stay)‎ My_cousin_has_gone_back_home._He_went_home_last_week._He_has_been_away_for_a_week._He_stayed_here_for_a_month.‎ ‎3．他2017年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move, live)‎ He_moved_here_in_2017_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.‎ ‎4．过去几年中国发展得很快。(develop)‎ China_has_developed_rapidly_in_the_past_few_years.‎ ‎5．我没有听懂我们的老师说的什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。(catch, think about, something else)‎ I_don't_catch_what_our_teacher_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.‎ ‎6．你不必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。(develop, the newest model, out of date)‎ You_needn't_buy_that_expensive_a_cellphone._As_technology_is_developing_very_rapidly,_even_the_newest_model_will_be_out_of_date_soon.‎ ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·深圳调研)The question was once asked of a __1__ (success) businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I have dreamed. I have turned my mind loose __2__ (imagine) what I wanted to do. Then I went to bed and __3__ (think) about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that, and it is __4__ (possible). I was well on my way to __5__ (achieve) what I wanted, as Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of __6__ US said: ‘We grow great by dreams.’”‎ All big men are dreamers. Some of us let these dreams die, __7__ others protect them and take care __8__ them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who __9__ (sincere) hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too unrealistic.“Sing your __10__ (song), and dream your dreams; hope your hope and pray your prayer.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章用成功商人的例子告诉我们要拥有梦想并要坚持自己的梦想。‎ ‎1．successful　修饰名词应用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．to imagine　作目的状语应用动词不定式短语。‎ ‎3．thought　此处叙述的是过去的事情，且和“went to bed”并列，因此用thought。‎ ‎4．impossible　根据上文“You can't do that”可知用impossible作表语。‎ ‎5．achieving　句中的to为介词，因此此处应使用动名词形式。‎ ‎6．the　此处指美国，故用the US。‎ ‎7．but/while　空格前后两个分句之间为转折或对比关系，故用but/while。‎ ‎8．of　take care of“照顾”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎9．sincerely　修饰动词hope应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．songs　song为可数名词，根据句中的“dreams”可知此处应用复数形式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·揭阳模拟)The best advice I received in my childhood was from my dad. He always gives me some advice, but I seldom took them seriously. One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition. So I signed up and after the competition, I did my best to be full prepared. But the moment I stood on the stage, I was too nervous that my mind completely went blank.‎ The experience of lose a competition was really painful. Then, my dad said，“My son, life is like battlefield. You have to lose many time to win the final victory.”Thanks for his advice, I never give up when I do anything.‎ 答案：第二句：gives→gave; them→it 第三句：去掉was 第四句：after→before; full→fully 第五句：too→so 第六句：lose→losing 第七句：like后加a 第八句：time→times 第九句：for→to