【英语】2018届书面表达二轮复习话题：漫画形式教案（12页）

【英语】2018届书面表达二轮复习话题：漫画形式教案（12页）

‎ 2018届 书面表达二轮复习“谈图说画”类议论文写作指导 ‎“谈图说画”类议论文指的是对图、表或漫画进行发挥形表述的议论文。最开始仅仅出现于上海市高考英语试卷中，近几年在各个省份的命题中也纷纷出现，如2006年江西卷“中秋节的等待”和山东卷“谁丢失了公民道德”及2009年福建卷“I Want to Smile”。本文主要就此类议论文作一具体指导。‎ ‎ 要写好议论文，首先要明确议论的中心和范围，这对于只给出标题和文字提示的议论文来说，是较好把握的，而对于只给出图画让考生去理解并写作的议论文来说，则并不容易，要想吃透图画并且把握其主旨，就要做到以下几点：‎ 第一，要通过图画的表面内容去把握本质，即要“悟意”，深刻领悟图画的深刻寓意。一方面要理解画面含义，正如阅读文字材料一样要读懂文字的表现意义一样，审读图画同样要摸清画了什么内容，梳理有效信息，概括要点；另一个方面联系现实生活进行思考，看看图画有哪方面的隐含含义。图画的画面意义与现实生活是直接联系着的，即使不是日常生活常有的，但相类似的事件肯定不少见，只不过需要加以挖掘才可以体会得出而已。同时要用好过渡词汇，使文章结构紧凑；写好过渡句，做好记叙和议论的连接和过渡。‎ 第二，要确定写作的立意点，即要“选点”，不是泛泛而议，面面俱到，而是抓住一“点”，深入钻探，谈深讲透。在审读的时候理解的角度固然越多越好，以便打开思路；但在确定中心的时候，就必须选取一个角度而“不及其余”了。否则就会出现“废话一大堆，尚未入主题”。‎ 第三，由此及彼加以联想与引申，在画面意义的基础上联想到另一层新的内容，即“引发”。这样写出的文章在思想内容上才能胜人一筹，否则就事论事，只能做表面文章，意义不大。‎ 上述三点是相辅相成的。另外，要注意结构的完整性。议论文一般有三部分组成：第一，提出问题，解释其重要性；第二，分析问题，呈现论证；第三，解决问题，做出总结。‎ 对于根据图画写作的议论文，首先要解释画面内容，并进行联想，提出问题，这也就是“悟意”、“选点”、“引发”的过程；然后剖析问题：通过摆事实、讲道理、辩是非以确定某种观点的正确与错误，树立或否定某种主张；最后提出问题的解决办法，做出总结。当然文章的结构并非千篇一律，但只有掌握了基本规律才能够适时变通。‎ ‎【典题演示】‎ ‎ 请根据下面的图画，以“Protecting Your Eyesight”为题写一篇100字的议论文。文章内容包括以下三点：‎ ‎①.Many students have poor eyesight.‎ ‎②.As is known to us all, short-sightedness causes many incoveniences.‎ ‎③. To protect our eyesight, we should…‎ 参考词汇：short-sighted adj.近视的；estimate vt.估计；‎ ‎【审图构思】画面内容很直观，提醒大家要坐姿端正，注意光线，保护视力。这也就是画面要表达的主题，文章要围绕这一中心展开论述。写作时要注意的内容是：‎ ‎1.图片部分的描述可以用一般过去时和过去进行时，但是为了加强故事的感染力给人身临其境的感觉亦可用一般现在时和现在进行时；‎ ‎2.兼顾两头，写好记叙和议论，注意详略得当，是以记叙为主还是议论为主关键要看题目的要求，从而分配好记叙和议论的笔墨及表达方式。‎ ‎3.用好过渡词汇和过渡句式，不仅要重视意合还要重视形连。‎ ‎4.注意长短句结合，穿插使用地道习语、高级句式、和复杂句型，从而提高文章档次。‎ ‎【范文展示】‎ Many students have poor eyesight. It is estimated that nearly three in every ten students are wearing glasses. Many of them often keep reading for long under dim light with the book too near, which gradually makes them become short-sighted.‎ As is known to us all, short-sightedness causes many incoveniences. For example, a short-sighted person has to wear glasses when doing sports, watching Tvor doing some reading.Besides, a short-sighted person’s career choices are limited.For instance, he or she can’t serve in the army.He or she can’t be a professional in some kinds of sports fields. As a result, it is important to protect our eyesight.‎ To protect our eyesight, we should read under soft light with the book about 30 centimetres from our eyes. In addition, doing eye exercises is believed to be an efficient way of improving eyesight.‎ ‎【范文点评】‎ 本文围绕图画中的寓意---保护视力这一中心展开了议论。文章一开始提出问题---指出不少学生的视力不好，接着论述问题---论证保护视力的必要性，最后解决问题---提供保护视力的两种方法。全文结构完整，论点鲜明，论证逻辑性强，层次分明，过渡自然。‎ ‎【原创试题】‎ 简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。 ‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎ 2.首句已给部分，但不计入总的字数之内；‎ ‎2.参考词汇：外在美 skin deep beauty 内在美 inner beauty 香蕉皮 a banana peel 残疾的 disabled 垃圾桶a garbage bin One day in summer, a young well-dressed lady……‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ One day in summer,a young well-dressed lady was eating a banana while walking in the street.Suddenly she threw a banana peel onto the ground,ignoring the garage bin nearby.However, a disabled man behind her picked it up with difficulty and threw it into the garbage bin at once.‎ The picture reminds me of what happens in our real world,which makes me think more.Who do you think is more beautiful?No doubt beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eyes. However, beauty also refers to what appeals to the mind.True beauty comes from one's actions rather than one's appearance.While most of us enjoy pretty appearances, it is more important to develop a clean and beautiful soul.‎ ‎(107words)‎ ‎ ‎ 下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。你的短文应包含以下内容：‎ ‎1. 描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作，等等；‎ ‎2. 结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；‎ ‎3. 举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象。‎ ‎2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。‎ ‎3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。‎ The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.‎ 书面表达 ‎　　此次的书面表达是一篇漫画类作文,是考纲中一直出现,但是首次露面的题型。这篇漫画类作文的话题很传统，体现的是学生所熟悉的“感恩”‎ 的内容，但是图中的提示，与其他省市以往的中文提示不同，这次使用了英文提示，但是英文提示不难。本文将从谋篇，遣词，造句，逻辑四方面展开。‎ ‎　　(一)谋篇——三步走 ‎　　学生拿到漫画类作文，首先精读文字部分，确定写作主题是”感恩”，感情是“褒义”的，其次根据中文提示，按照“描述图片”“联系生活”“个人见解”三步走战略来谋篇。‎ ‎　　1.“描述图片”应该包括何人，何事和何感受。‎ ‎　　何人：a little girl and her working mom ‎　　何事：A little girl comes to greet her working mom happily. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work ,the little girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder .Meanwhile,her mom kneels down .‎ ‎　　何感受:The mom is thankful and delighted .Seeing this ,we are all touched .‎ ‎　　所以第一段可以写成：The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom happily. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work ,the little girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder .In response ,the mom kneels down to show how thankful and delighted she feels . ‎ ‎2.“联系生活”段落中，可以写两方面。一：反应了何种人，二是该人的做法是什么。以“感恩”为主题的作文，学生可以结合自身实际，说一下，自己有没有做到给父母减负。所以：‎ ‎　　何人： my mom and I ‎　　该人的做法（一般是贬义）:Totally engaged in my study ,I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels ,and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return.‎ ‎　　3.“个人见解”则是根据“该人的做法”给出相应的解决方式。这边可以说一下自己将来准备怎么给父母“减负”‎ ‎　　可以参考：I will spare no effort to help with the everyday washing ,bedroom cleaning.In addition ,I’ll try my best to prepare breakfast myself ,so as to share mother’s daily burden .‎ ‎　　最后来一个升华句：“Being a good daughter outweighs being a good student.”‎ ‎　　（二）遣词———三原则 ‎　　高考写作中的遣词可以遵循三原则：复杂原则，多变原则和温暖原则。复杂原则是指可以用一些“牛词”来代替一些“土词“比如说，“忙于做某事”，一般的说法是：be busy doing sth,使用复杂原则后，我们可以用be engaged in doing sth.;be absorbed in sth;be buried in sth 等。多变原则就是当文章中要写两处相同中文意思的词时，善于用不同的词或者词组代换，比如最后一段，两处写到“努力”就可以使用不同的短语“spare no effect”和“try one’s best”。温暖原则就是，任何一个名词都可以用一个形容词，或者定语从句，或者是同位语从句来修饰，比如这边的working mum,就比“mum”形象得多;任何一个动词或者形容词都可以由一个副词来修饰，如：“a little girl comes to greet her working mom happily”中的happily 就对该剧中的come这个动词起到了温暖的作用。‎ ‎　　（3）造句——三套路 ‎　　书面表达中的句子也很讲技巧，可以遵循三套路：适当拉长，英式思维，闪光句式。首先适当拉长，可以运用定语从句，并列结构，插入语等方式使得句子变得更加的丰满。“In response ,the mom kneels down to show how thankful and delighted she feels .”这边的“in response”就是一个插入成分。其次是英式思维，要做到不是一直以人作为主语，宁否定不肯定以及宁被动不主动等。如 “Being a good daughter outweighs being a good student.” 就用了动名词做主语。最后是闪光句式，就是用一些比较出彩的句式，比如“Totally engaged in my study ,I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels”。这个句式中，运用到了非谓语动词，分词作状语的形式。‎ ‎　　（四）逻辑——八联系 ‎　　好的文章除了合理的篇章，出彩的字词，还离不开好的逻辑，这个时候，新东方课堂上总结的八大逻辑词就派上了用场。比如说表示让步我们可以用but, yet, however,转折 although, though, despite, in spite of;表示并列我们可以用both…and, as well as, neither…nor,递进：in addition, besides, moreover,因果：because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of等词。‎ ‎　　很多同学提到高考英语写作都会谈虎色变,因为有无数的高考猛士都惨败在它的手下,失分很严重。其实高考英语英语写作并没有想象中的那么难，只要我们细心品题，精准的使用词和短语，恰到好处的套用句型，合理的安排篇章，高分也不是特别的遥远。当然高考英语写作想有质的飞跃，还是需要大家在平时不断积累的。‎ The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has been received little attention, especially from their own children.‎ The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show happy and thankful she feels.‎ All this reminds me of my mother who has been working doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels, and always thinks studying well is the only thing I could in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mother’s daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.‎ 附：‎ ‎ 2009 福建卷 某英语报社拟成立"微笑俱乐部"，现向癸未征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为"I want to Smile"的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　1. 根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎　　2. 词数：120左右 ‎　　I Want to Smile 学校即将举行以“Turning a bad mood（心情）into a good one”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求写一篇100词左右的记叙文或议论文。‎ 议论文 记叙文 1. 发生的具体事件。 Ks5u 2. 对你的心情有何影响？‎ 3. 你如何应对？‎ 1. 好心情的重要性。 Ks5u 2. 产生坏心情的原因。 Ks5‎ 3. 应该如何调整心情。‎ ‎2006年江西卷“中秋节的等待”‎ ‎200年山东卷“谁丢失了公民道德”‎ 请仔细观看右边漫画，结合自己的实际生活，写一篇关于“节能环保”的英语短文，字数120个左右。‎ ‎ 要求：‎ ‎ 1）简要描述图中的现象；‎ ‎ 2）分析产生这种现象的原因（如：没有良好的习惯等）；‎ ‎ 3）提出你的建议。‎ ‎ 提示：图中在睡觉的是小明，妇女是小明的母亲。‎ It was midnight.Xiaoming was sleeping soundly in the sofa. With TV on, when his mother came and turned it off for him, blaming him for not having turned off TVagain.‎ ‎ This is often the case in our daily life. Many people are used to doing everything with TV on,not actually watching it at all. Such a habit can cause a waste of much energy and do harm to our environment.‎ ‎ To have an eco-friendly life, we must strengthen the sense of energy-saving and environment protection and polurarize the idea of energy –saving life from every detail in our daily life. I think only in this way can we help to reach harmony between development of the society and health of the nature.‎ 某大学教授称，高学历者的贫穷意味着耻辱和失败，并对大学生提出要求，“当你40岁时，没有4000万身价不要来见我，也别说是我的学生。”对此，凤凰网进行了调查。多数人持反对态度，认为教师不应用金钱来衡量学生。有少数人则认为这是一种激励。还有极少数人说不清楚。请你根据漫画并结合饼状图(pie chart)用英语写一篇短文。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.适当地发挥想象，增添细节使行文连贯；‎ ‎2.字数150左右；‎ ‎3.文章开头已给出，不记入总词数；‎ ‎4.作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。‎ A survey has been conducted by ifeng.com about whether a teacher should judge his students’ success by the money they have earned.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________‎ 六、写作部分(25分)：‎ A possible version:‎ A survey has been conducted by ifeng.com about whether a teacher should judge his students’ success by the money they have earned. ‎ It is true that some teachers judge their students’ success by money. As can be seen from the picture, a teacher says that a student without 40 million yuan at the age of 40 means shame and that wealth means success. ‎ But opinions are divided among the surveyed people. Just as the pie chart shows, 70% of them oppose the teachers’ view. They think that teachers shouldn’t judge their students’ success by money. However, 25% of them think this is a good way to encourage students to make more money. There are also a few people who are not clear about how to measure students’ success. ‎ In my opinion, we should understand success in a reasonable way. Money is certainly one way to measure success, but it is not the only way. People with higher education provided by our country should be devoted to the construction of our motherland, rather than only think about making more money. (157 words )‎ 下图描绘的是现在人类面临的窘境。请你根据对下面这幅画的理解用英语写一篇短文，描述这种现象，说明其产生的原因及后果，并发表你的看法。‎ If only I could keep a real bird!‎ 参考词汇： 经济(n)：economy环境(n): environment,环境保护：environmental protection词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。‎ 提示：1.简要描述图片，阐述这种现象。2.分析说明产生这种现象的原因及后果。3.谈谈你对砍伐树木以及环境保护的看法。4.仔细品味图中的幽默，适当发挥想象。5.注意人称，时态和段落。不得提及所在学校和本人姓名。‎ ‎ Nowadays, human beings are faced with an embarrassing situation. ‎ As can be seen from the cartoon, ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文 Nowadays, human beings are faced with an embarrassing situation. ‎ As can be seen from the cartoon, we see a man talking to a paper bird kept in his cage and beside him is a vast desert dotted with endless tree roots. Obviously, birds have lost their homes as people have cut down all the trees. As a result, humans have lost their animal friends.‎ The scene may seem ridiculous and unbelievable to us, but it may become a reality in the future if we go on developing economy regardless of the damage caused to the environment. Now in some places, trees have been cut down without limits. Some scientists say that there will be no vast forests in 20 or 30 years and many species will die out. It is really a terrible thing. ‎ As far as I am concerned, we should realize the importance of environmental protection and live in harmony with our animal friends. …‎ 请根据下面提供的漫画所反应的现象和问题，写一篇短文。 你的短文应该包含：‎ ‎1. 漫画描述和反映的问题是什么？‎ ‎2. 面对这样的问题，你有什么样的想法？‎ ‎3. 在我们的日常生活中应该怎样正确地解决这样的问题？‎ 要求：‎ ‎1. 可参照图及所给提示，作必要的发挥想象。‎ ‎2. 词数150 左右。‎ 写作 We can see in the picture that two men are trying to make a bench. Both of them are working hard, sweating a lot. But obviously they are nailing the legs on different sides. ‎ Seeing the picture, I can’t help thinking how ridiculous it is. They work as a team and both of them do make their efforts. But unfortunately they mind their own business without communicating with each other. Cooperation needs effective communication, without which we’ll do things blindly. As a result, before taking action, we should plan things carefully and communicate well with your partners. Otherwise all the efforts will be in vain, just like what the two men are doing in the picture.‎ In our daily life, in order to achieve our goals, we students should learn to cooperate with each other, study together and help solve any problem concerning our studies. Moreover, since everyone is a social person, we should unite as one with our partners rather than work individually to build our society more sufficiently. ‎ 学生的任务不仅仅是在学习上取得满分，请根据对下面这幅漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文，并发表你的看法。‎ 注意：1、词数150左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。‎ ‎2、参考词汇；心理素质psychological quality 品德morality As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, a student is trying his best to reach the full score of important subjects______________________________________________________________‎ As is vividly betrayed in the drawing above, a student is trying his best to reach the full score of important subjects including English, maths, physics, and Chinese while neglecting the more important aspects such as psychological quality and moral standards. This drawing mirrors a common social phenomenon, which has aroused our social concern and is in fact thought-provoking.‎ To begin with, academic achievements are not all that a student needs. In order to survive in our society, students must be first of all trained to possess fine psychological quality. Otherwise, we can not bravely face ups and downs in our life, work, and study. What’s more, high moral standards are also a must for every student. Without high moral standards, students will lose the orientation of learning. Most often, even though a student possesses profound academic knowledge, he can not find himself a right place in our society and make contribution to his motherland due to his low moral standards.‎ 你叫李浩，你美国的笔友Jack在网上发现这样一幅漫画，他写信询问你这幅漫画的意思。请你用英文给Jack写封信，解释一下这幅漫画反映的社会现象。内容要点包括：‎ ‎ 1．据报道70%的火锅店都向火锅里添加化学添加剂；‎ ‎ 2．火锅店这样做的目的是降低成本、节约时间，让火锅更诱人；‎ ‎ 3．向火锅里添加化学物质对人体的危害；‎ ‎ 4．如何解决这一危害大众健康的问题。‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1．参考词汇：漫画cartoon;火锅hotpot;化学添加剂chemical addictives;食品安全food safety ‎ 2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ 3．词数100左右，信的开头、结尾和格式已给出。‎ Dear Jack,‎ I’m glad to hear from you again. .‎ It is a great pity that I may not be able to treat you to a delicious hotpot when you come to visit me in China one day, isn't it?‎ 请你根据下面这幅漫画用英语写一篇短文。短文内容应该包括以下三个方面：‎ ‎1. 描述这幅漫画的内容。‎ ‎2. 是否同意他们的教育方式, 并陈述理由。‎ ‎3. 对家庭教育提出建议。‎ 注意：1. 词数：150左右。 2. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。‎ ‎3. 参考词汇： 溺爱 spoil v. ‎ As can be seen in the cartoon, the young couple educate their child in different ways. ____‎ As can be seen in the cartoon, the young couple educate their child in different ways. Father educates their child with a ruler but Mother with a bar of chocolate. What is illustrated in the picture is that Father is too hard on their child while Mother spoils him. They adopt strikingly inconsistent methods, which makes their child confused.‎ I subscribe to neither of their education methods. If we always give children severe punishment, they will become nervous and lack self-confidence or become violent and aggressive, following in the father’s footsteps. If we always love children too much, they will turn ‎ out to be self-centered and dependent, tending to do whatever they want to.‎ So far as I am concerned, it is better to use appropriate methods based on children’s individual personalities. Since praise and criticism both play vital roles in children’s education, it is essential that parents should try to maintain the balance between love and strictness. Only in this way can children benefit from proper family education and achieve all-round development. (157 words)‎