【英语】2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2　Workingtheland单元学案（18页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2　Workingtheland单元学案（18页）

Unit 2　Working the land单元学案 一、单词—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1.decade n．　　　　十年；十年期 ‎ ‎2.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 ‎3.regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔 ‎ ‎4.focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎5.reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎6.summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 ‎7.comment n．评论；议论 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 ‎8.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎9.hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的 ‎10.freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的 ‎11.production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产→producer n．生产者；制片人 ‎12.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者 ‎13.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)‎ ‎14.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj ‎1.On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other hand they don't want to give up their freedom (free)．‎ ‎2.With this problem solved, this kind of medicine is now in regular production(produce)．‎ ‎3.In some poor African areas, many children die of_hunger (hungry) every year.‎ ‎4.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)‎ ‎5.He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎6.The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover)‎ ‎7.Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)‎ ‎.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的 ‎15.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.扰乱的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰 ‎⇩ ‎1.“因此”家族 ‎①therefore adv.　因此；所以 ‎②so conj. 因此；所以 ‎③thus adv. 因此；于是 ‎④consequently adv.所以；因此 ‎⑤as a result 结果；因此 ‎2.“评论”名词知多少 ‎①comment评论；意见；批评 ‎②remark　 评论 ‎③review　 回顾；复习；评论 ‎3.“扩展”动词全接触 ‎①expand　 扩展；扩张；膨胀 ‎②enlarge　 扩大；放大 ‎4.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观①equip→equipment装备 ‎②develop→development发展 ‎③argue→argument　 争论 ‎④establish→establishment建立 ‎⑤employ→employment　雇用 ‎⑥improve→improvement提高 二、短语—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.thanks_to　　　 　　幸亏；由于；因为 ‎2.rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去 ‎3.be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎4.would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎5.build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎6.lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎7.focus_on 集中(注意力等)于 ‎8.be_rich_in 盛产 ‎1.A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness.‎ ‎2.To be mentally healthy, you need to build_up good relationships with each other.‎ ‎3.We asked all our customers if they were_satisfied_with the service they had received.‎ ‎4.Thanks_to these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can ‎9.keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎10.in_addition 另外 ‎ live a long and active life.‎ ‎⇩ ‎“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦 ‎①be satisfied with　对……满意 ②be content with　对……满意　③be pleased with　对……满意 ‎④be familiar with 对……熟悉 ⑤be bored with 对……厌烦 ⑥be busy with 忙于……‎ ‎⑦be popular with 受……欢迎 ⑧be patient with 对……耐心⑨be strict with 对……严格要求 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.If so, what did you do to grow them？‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。‎ 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。‎ Will you be free this Sunday？If_so,_let's go camping.‎ ‎2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ the first/last/best ... ＋n.＋to do sth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物”。‎ 她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。‎ She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave,_which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly.‎ ‎3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ ‎“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构。‎ 他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。‎ His dream was that the Olympic ‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。‎ Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.‎ ‎4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ would rather do sth.“宁愿做……”。‎ 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。‎ Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.‎ 语境认识词汇I would like to make comments on the situation of the Africa simply. As we know， most of the people there struggle against natural disasters， like drought. What's worse， to our regret， they are poorly equipped； as a result， the crop output is greatly reduced. A large number of people suffer hardships for lack of food.Fortunately， some experts from developed countries plan to go to Africa to help them learn advanced technology and build up the food supply. If so， I believe they will achieve success and all these measures will lead to a great improvement in their life.‎ ‎1．comment n．评论；议论 vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 ‎(1)comment on/upon sth.　　　　对……发表评论 comment that ... 评论……‎ ‎(2)make comments on/about ... 对……加以评论 no comment　 无可奉告 ‎①The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are.‎ ‎→The teacher often makes_comments_on/about how different the two boys are.‎ 老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。‎ ‎②—Can you say something about the present situation?‎ ‎—Sorry, no_comment!‎ ‎——你能对当前的形式说说自己的看法吗？‎ ‎——对不起，无可奉告！‎ ‎2．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎 struggle for　　　　　　　　　　　为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb./sth.　　　 与……做斗争 struggle to do sth.　　　 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet　　　 挣扎着站起来 ‎①Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead_(lead) an active life. ‎ 海伦·凯勒在19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。‎ ‎②To get an education, he was struggling against/with many difficulties.‎ 为了获得受教育的机会，他正跟很多困难做斗争。‎ ‎③Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.‎ 玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。‎ ‎3．regret v．可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔 ‎(1)regret　　　后悔做了某事 regret to say/tell/inform ...that ... 遗憾地说/告知……‎ ‎(2)with great regret 非常遗憾 to one's regret　　　 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 ‎①Li Ping did not regret giving/having_given(give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.‎ 李萍并不后悔提出自己的意见，但是她感觉她本来可以换种方式表达的。‎ ‎②We regret_to_inform (inform) you that your application has not been successful.‎ 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。‎ ‎③Much_to_our_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next week.‎ 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们下周不能去拜访你了。‎ ‎4．equip vt.& vi.装备；配备 ‎ (1)equip ...with ...　　　　　用……装备……‎ equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备 be well/poorly equipped　 设备精良的/较差的 ‎(2)equipment n．[U]　　　 装备；设备 a piece of equipment　　　 一件设备 ‎①As far as I know, he_is_equipped (equip) with much experience in teaching.‎ 据我所知，他具有丰富的教学经验。‎ ‎②It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak_(speak)．‎ 人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。‎ ‎③My mother bought a useful piece of equipment_(equip) for the kitchen yesterday.‎ 昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。‎ ‎5．reduce vt.减少；减缩 reduce ... by ...　把……减少了……‎ reduce ... to ...　　 把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态 be reduced to　　　 陷入某种境地 ‎①She takes exercise every day, and she has reduced her weight by_10% to 50 kilos.‎ 她每天锻炼身体，体重减少了10%，还有50公斤。‎ ‎②Believe it or not, the rich man should be_reduced_to begging for a living.‎ 信不信由你，那个富人竟然沦落至乞讨为生。‎ ‎[联想发散]　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to ...表示增减的结果，接by ...表示增减的幅度。‎ ‎6．build up 逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；积累 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中build up 的含义 ‎①Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.增强……的体质 ‎②I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.逐渐增强 ‎③It's said that she's built up a very successful business.建立；创办 ‎④Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.积累 stay up　　　　不睡觉；熬夜 wake up　　　　 醒来 take up　 拿起，占用；开始从事 pick up　 捡起；偶然学会；收听；(用车)接人 use up　 用完；花光 mix up　 混淆；弄乱；搅匀；拌和 ‎⑤The night before Dad's birthday, my sister and I stayed_up late, putting everything together with some envelopes.‎ 爸爸生日前的一天晚上，我和姐姐熬夜到很晚，把一切东西都收在一起并放进一些信封里。‎ ‎7．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ lead sb. to do sth.　　　　　　使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life　　　 过……样的生活 lead the way　　　 引路；带路 ‎①Questioning can lead to searching (search) for an answer.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)‎ 质疑可以导致寻找答案。‎ ‎②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practise (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.(天津高考书面表达)‎ 在课堂上我会把学生分成小组，用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。‎ ‎③He decided to lead/live_a_new_life after the unusual experience.‎ 在这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。‎ ‎[名师指津]　lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to, bring about等。‎ ‎8．if so如果是这样的话 If_so,_what did you do to grow them? ‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。‎ ‎①Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If_so,_write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.‎ 你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。‎ ‎②I might see you tomorrow._If_not,_then it'll be Saturday.‎ 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。‎ if ever　　　　　　　　如果有过/发生过的话 if any　　　 如果有的话 if possible　　　 如果有可能 if necessary　　　 如果有必要 ‎③The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _if_ever,_reaching 30 ℃ in summer. (2014·福建高考单选)‎ 这里的气候宜人，即使曾经发生过，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度的情况。‎ 语境认识词汇 ‎　For a time, my classmate Li Hua would rather sleep in class than listen to the teacher and no matter how hard he worked, he couldn't focus his mind on his studies. To keep himself free from his parents' punishment, he went to his teacher for help. Thanks to the teacher's help, he finally rid himself of this bad habit.‎ ‎9．focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦点；中心点 ‎(1)focus on　　　　　集中于……‎ focus one's attention/eyes/energy on ... 集中注意力/目光/精力于……‎ ‎(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点 ‎①If we find those materials interesting, we'll_focus_our_attention_on them for long.(2013·四川高考书面表达)‎ 如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。‎ ‎②With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. ‎ 有那么多人在盯着自己，他感到很紧张。‎ ‎③Health and environmental problems have become increasingly the_focus_of_attention.‎ 健康和环境问题日益成为人们瞩目的焦点。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有：‎ concentrate one's attention on, fix one's attention on, pay attention to等。‎ ‎10．rid ... of ...摆脱；除去 rid oneself of　　　　　　使某人自己摆脱……‎ be rid of　　　 摆脱；除去(状态)‎ get rid of　　　 摆脱；除去；扔掉(动作)‎ ‎①Maybe we should rid_ourselves_of_modern technology and return to simpler times.‎ 也许我们应该摆脱现代技术，回归更为简单的时代。‎ ‎②The part of his job was dull, and he was glad to be_rid_of it.‎ 他的那部分工作枯燥乏味，摆脱了之后他很高兴。‎ ‎③We're moving, so we have to get_rid_of a lot of our furniture.‎ 我们要搬家了，所以我们得扔掉许多家具。‎ ‎[名师指津]　在rid ... of ...短语中，rid为动词，后跟sb.或somewhere作宾语，指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。‎ ‎11．would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做……‎ He would_much_rather_keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ ‎(2) ‎①Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay in the library_than_go_to_see_a_movie.‎ ‎→Jane is a quiet girl，who prefer to_stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.‎ 简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。‎ ‎②We would rather our daughter_stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.(2014·陕西高考单选)‎ 我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩了。‎ ‎[课堂练牢基础]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Dina, having_struggled_(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎2．The high cost of equipment (equip) prohibits many people from taking up this sport.‎ ‎3．I regret to_tell (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power. You'll have to turn to some other one, I'm afraid.‎ ‎4．With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.‎ ‎5．Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%, we can't afford it either.‎ ‎6．I'd appreciate it if you can make helpful comments on/about my work.‎ ‎7．He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else's occupation (occupy)．‎ ‎8．His recent discoveries (discovery) have added to his reputation in the field of science.‎ ‎9．His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.‎ ‎10．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being_caught (catch)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs. equipments→equipment ‎2．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.waste→wasting ‎3．Nowadays most of the people are living happy life. happy前加a ‎4．I would rather sleep all day than to play computer games for a long time.去掉to ‎5．Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year. for→to ‎6．As he was getting onto the stage, Dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid ‎ him of his fears.him→himself Ⅲ.根据提示词或结构补全句子 ‎1．(2013·福建高考书面表达)这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。(focus)‎ It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the_focus_of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.‎ ‎2．我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。(regret)‎ I regret_to_tell_you_that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.‎ ‎3．开始你可能有些困难，如果是这样，请给我们打电话。(状语从句的省略)‎ You may have some difficulty at first. If_so,_please ring us.‎ ‎4．你愿意待在家里还是和我们一起出去野餐？(would rather do sth.)‎ Would_you_rather_stay_at_home or go out to have a picnic with us?‎ ‎5．当你情绪低落时，如果想一想美好的事情，就会没有烦恼。(free)‎ When you are in a bad mood, you will be_free_from/of_worry if you think of something nice.‎ ‎6．大雨使我们更难按时到达那里。(make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...)‎ The heavy rain made_it_harder_for_us_to_get_there on time.‎ Ⅳ.根据括号内的要求完成下面各题 ‎1．因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法，现在，他们可以使用更少的农田进行耕种。(一句多译)‎ ‎①They_are_equipped_with new scientific farming methods, so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(equip)‎ ‎②Equipped_with_new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎2．他们宁愿尝试后不成功也不愿放弃这个计划。(一句多译)‎ ‎①They would_try_and_fail_rather_than give up the plan.(would do ... rather than do ...)‎ ‎②They prefer_to_try_and_fail_rather_than give up the plan.(prefer to do ... rather than do ...)‎ ‎③They would_rather_try_and_fail_than give up the plan.(would rather do ... than do ...)‎ ‎3．Some of you may have finished Unit One. If you have done so, you can go on to review Unit Two.(句型转换)‎ ‎→Some of you may have finished Unit One. If_so,_you can go on to review Unit Two.‎ ‎4．How can I clear the bad smell in the room？(句型转换)‎ ‎→How can I_get_rid_of the bad smell in the room?‎ ‎→How can I rid the room of the bad smell?‎ ‎[课下练熟高考]‎ 阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·河南省普通高中毕业班高考适应性测试)‎ Last Friday, 6yearold Landon Johnson went to the RiverTown Crossings Mall in Grandville with his family. While there, the boy and his cousins took turns chatting with Santa, sharing their Christmas desires.‎ ‎ After telling the man in red he wanted a Wii, a toy dinosaur and a remote control car, Landon hopped off Santa's lap to rejoin his family. But a few moments later, he raced back to Santa's side: he'd forgotten to tell him something important. Specifically, Landon shared his worry with Santa that his autism (自闭症) would land him on the “naughty list”．‎ His mom, Naomi Johnson, explained to WOODTV this week that Landon is often told he's “naughty” by people who mistake his autism for bad behavior. “You get the stares when you're at the grocery store if he's too loud，” Johnson said. “He's been told by other people before, ‘You don't need to be so naughty，’ or ‘Why are you ‎ naughty？’．”‎ Johnson says Santa took the time to listen to Landon's worries, and held the boy's hands all the while. “Santa sat him next to him and took Landon's hands in his and started rubbing them, calming them down. Santa asked Landon if it bothered him, having Autism? Landon said yes, sometimes. Then Santa told him it shouldn't. It shouldn't bother him to be who he is，” Johnson said.‎ Landon told Santa that he sometimes “gets in trouble at school and it's hard for people to understand that he has autism”， but that he's “not a naughty boy”．‎ ‎“You know I love you and the reindeer love you and it's OK. You're a good boy，” Santa told WOODTV about the chat with Landon. “You're a good boy, you know.”‎ Johnson said she was incredibly moved by Santa's thoughtful words. “This stranger in a red suit told my son the same message I've been trying to get through to him for a while now — that he's special and I love him just the way he was made，” the mom told Today.com. “Seeing Landon's face light up in that moment was just incredible. I couldn't stop crying. He was the real Santa Claus.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Landon是个患有自闭症的孩子，于是经常被认为是“淘气的孩子”，他因此很苦恼。在一次和圣诞老人聊天时，圣诞老人告诉他不必烦恼，要做自己。Landon听后面露喜色。‎ ‎1．What did Landon do after he raced back to Santa?‎ A．He shared Christmas desires with Santa.‎ B．He checked if he was the real Santa Claus.‎ C．He told Santa how his autism had bothered him.‎ D．He asked for a toy dinosaur and a remote control car.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Landon飞奔到圣诞老人那里，和他分享了自己的烦恼，即他的自闭症。故选C。‎ ‎2. What did Santa tell Landon to do?‎ A．Avoid those who mistake him.‎ B．Remain what he is.‎ C．Try to change the way he behaves.‎ D．Tell others about his autism.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，圣诞老人告诉Landon不必烦恼，要做自己。故选B。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Every child is quite possible to be bothered by autism.‎ B．Chatting with Santa was a special Christmas gift for Landon.‎ C．Santa Claus are always popular with children and their parents.‎ D．Naughty boys are hard to understand because of their bad behaviors.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段最后三句可知，圣诞老人的话使Landon的脸上露出了喜色。由此可推知，和圣诞老人聊天对Landon来说是一份特殊的圣诞礼物。故选B。‎ ‎4．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．It's OK to be you B．Autism is really a problem C．Find time to chat with Santa D．Don't stay with naughty boys 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，患有自闭症的孩子Landon在一次和圣诞老人聊天时，圣诞老人告诉他不必烦恼，要做自己。Landon听后面露喜色。A项“做自己很好”揭示了本文的主旨，适合做标题。故选A。‎ B ‎(2017·广州综合测试二)The United States of America was founded in 1776 after the 13 independent American states rose up against the ruling British, defeated them in the American Revolutionary War, and signed the Declaration of Independence, the document which declared the creation of the new country.‎ The men who led the revolution, drafted the Declaration of Independence, and wrote the first American laws are known as “founding fathers”. Benjamin Franklin, whose picture is on the US 100dollar note, was appointed to prepare the Declaration that was eventually signed by the other founding fathers.‎ Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston to a soap maker named Josiah Franklin. His father could not afford full schooling for all his children, but Benjamin loved books and worked in his elder brother's printing business before starting a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729. He wrote and drew cartoons for the newspaper. In addition, he worked to improve living conditions in the city: introducing street lights, cleaning the roads and building libraries. In the 1740s, Franklin retired from his newspaper and turned to science with great success. He was a very smart man and his work on electricity, including the “kite experiment” which confirmed the nature of lightning, made him famous throughout the world.‎ Franklin earned the title of the “First American” for his efforts to unite the 13 American states, and to win their independence. This part of the story starts in London. He was sent to the city to persuade the British to treat the American states more fairly. It was here that he began interacting with important political thinkers and activists of the time and developing his own political ideas.‎ Following his return to America in 1761 he became much more active in American politics and in the battle against British rule.‎ After the United States of America was established, Franklin held several important positions such as the first United States Postmaster General, Ambassador to France and President of Pennsylvania. He is also famous today for his wise sayings, including “a penny saved is a penny earned” and “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”．‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了美国开国元勋之一Benjamin Franklin一生中的重大事件，尤其是他对美国社会政治发展方面所做出的杰出贡献以及在其他领域取得的成绩。‎ ‎5．What is the article mainly about?‎ A．The American Declaration of Independence.‎ B．Franklin's contributions to American society.‎ C．The American War of Independence.‎ D．Benjamin Franklin's early life.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国开国元勋Benjamin Franklin对美国社会发展所做出的巨大贡献。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．How did Franklin begin developing his own political thinking?‎ A．By discussing ideas with political activists in Britain.‎ B．By persuading the 13 American states to unite.‎ C．By fighting against British rule in America.‎ D．By writing articles for his own newspaper.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Franklin被派往伦敦以劝服英国人更公平地对待美国；结合关键句可知，Franklin通过在伦敦和政治思想家、积极分子交流形成了自己的政治理念。故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred about Franklin from the article?‎ A．His most important contribution was in science.‎ B．He was the leader of the “founding fathers”．‎ C．He was successful in many different areas.‎ D．He came from a very wealthy family.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，Franklin在文化、科学、政治等诸多领域都取得了成功。故C项正确。‎ ‎8．What is the correct order for the following events from Franklin's life?‎ a．He started a newspaper business.‎ b．He carried out the kite experience on electricity.‎ c．He worked for his brother in a printing company.‎ d．He was appointed the Ambassador to France.‎ e．He helped write the Declaration of Independence.‎ f．He visited England to discuss independence.‎ A．e，c，a，b，f，d　　　　　　　　B．c，a，b，f，e，d C．a，c，f，b，d，e D．f，d，a，b，c，e 解析：选B　事件排序题。根据第三段可知，他最先在哥哥的印刷厂工作，然后于1729年创建了一份报纸；接下来在18世纪40年代(1740s)成功完成风筝实验；而后在美国独立之前他被派去英国谈判；之后帮助起草《独立宣言》；在美国独立之后成为驻法国大使，所以正确顺序应为c，a，b，f，e，d。故B项正确。‎ C ‎(2017·江西省百校联盟高三第一次联考试题)‎ ‎“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，” says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. “Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure.” The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink — it's a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years.‎ ‎“Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country，” he says, “and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year's Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it's not every day.”‎ Some people think French food life may be a performance,_adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University. “They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants (羊角面包) are factorymade, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”‎ ‎ In Italy, as in France, takeout is still relatively rare. “Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，” says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child's first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。‎ ‎9．How have things about French food changed?‎ A．People prefer to cook at home.‎ B．More people choose to eat out.‎ C．Traditional food is less frequently cooked.‎ D．People eat faster than before.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受到冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并不是每一天，故选择C。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “performance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．A bother. B．A play.‎ C．A hobby. D．A routine.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。‎ ‎11．Why is Italian food compared with French food in the last paragraph?‎ A．To show the advantages of Italian food.‎ B．To prove the differences between them.‎ C．To reflect the customs of Italian food.‎ D．To indicate the common points of the two.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由本段中的“In Italy, as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。‎ ‎12．What's the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Food as identity. B．Food as pleasure.‎ C．Food as survival. D．Food as status.‎ 解析：选B　文章大意题。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”，“Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure.”以及“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知答案。‎ D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding — undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism — if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一名摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。‎ ‎13．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A．They were made last week.‎ B．They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C．They were found by a cameraman.‎ D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句可知，这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险，故选D项。‎ ‎14．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton.‎ C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。‎ ‎15．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.‎ C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2017·潍坊4月模拟)‎ Tips for Teaching Kids Responsibility Your best friend has a teenager who helps with housework without being asked. Your cousin has a oneyearold child that puts her bottle in the sink when she finishes the milk, but no reminders are needed. __1__ Raising helpful, good kids who know how to make a sandwich is not a fantasy! The following tips can give you a better chance of raising a ‎ responsible child who then grows into a responsible adult.‎ ‎__2__ You can't suddenly spring responsibility on a teenager and expect he will know how to follow through. He needs time to practice and totally understand what responsibility means.‎ Let kids help you. Don't complain when it's time to do housework. Smile and invite your son to help. __3__ He will take these good feelings and learn to take ownership of his home and feel pride in keeping it up.‎ ‎__4__ Make responsibilities ageappropriate. You can show how to complete small tasks in daily life and perform them at a child's skill level. For example, if your kid wants a snack, show him where the apples are and how to wash one off.‎ Teach your child consequences. Learning to take care of his things also helps a child develop a sense of responsibility for his actions. Get your son to clean up after an art project, and inform him that he won't be able to play with his crayons the next day if he leaves a messy table. __5__ The more you carry out the rules, the more likely he is to clean up without being asked.‎ A．Have a sense of responsibility.‎ B．Why do they make a sandwich for kids?‎ C．Show kids how to perform responsibility.‎ D．Where do these wonderful children come from?‎ E．Teaching responsibility to kids needs to start early.‎ F．When your child is invited to participate, he feels valued.‎ G．Then take away his supplies if he does not take his responsibility.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对如何让自己的孩子变得有责任感给出几点建议。‎ ‎1．选D　根据上文可知，你最好朋友的孩子不用告诉就知道做家务；你堂兄一岁的孩子知道喝完奶之后把奶瓶放在水槽里。下文接下来叙述的是几条能够帮助你的孩子有责任感的小建议。D项“那么这些完美的孩子都是从哪来的呢”紧密联系上下文，符合题意。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．选E　根据本段的内容可知，青少年不会突然就表现得有责任感，也不要期待他自己会学会。他需要一个练习的过程才能完全知道责任的含义。E项“需要早点开始教会孩子有责任感”能够概括整段内容，适合做这一段的主旨句，符合题意。故E项正确。‎ ‎3．选F　根据本段第一句“Let kids help you.”可知，本段的主题是“让孩子来帮助你”。F项“当你的孩子被邀请加入帮忙的时候，他会觉得自己有价值”与主题紧密联系，符合题意。故F项正确。‎ ‎4．选C　根据下文可知，你可以以孩子的技能水平向他们展示如何在日常生活中完成小任务。例如，如果你的孩子想要零食，那么就先告诉他苹果放在哪里并且怎样洗苹果。C项“教会孩子如何表现得有责任感”能概括本段内容，适合做这一段的主旨句，符合题意。故C项正确。‎ ‎5．选G　本段主要讲的是教会你的孩子不管做什么事情都要想到后果，并且上文举了一个例子，即告诉你的孩子如果他把桌子弄得凌乱而不去整理，那么第二天他就不能再玩他的蜡笔。G项“如果他没有履行他的责任，那么就拿走他的东西”是对该事例的一个总结，符合题意。故G项正确。‎