话题14+语言与学习（Language+Learning）-备战2018年高考英语必考话题分类解析

话题14+语言与学习（Language+Learning）-备战2018年高考英语必考话题分类解析

‎＂语言与学习＂是高中英语新课标话题之一，也是高考常考的话题之一。本话题包括英美英语的差异、英语和文化、语言学习的困难和策略、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解西方语言的特点及其语言背后的文化差异，研究学习方法和策略，激发学生学习外语的热情，促进他们的身心健康。‎ 近几年高考英语中＂语言与学习＂话题常以听力、阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式来进行考查，例如2017年新课标卷I完形填空和书面表达，2017年江苏卷阅读理解B篇，2017年天津卷阅读表达，2016年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇，2016年四川卷完形填空；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C、D两篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解A、D两篇；2016年江苏卷阅读理解A篇和天津卷阅读理解A篇；2015年天津卷阅读理解C篇；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2012年四川卷书面表达等。‎ ‎【相关词汇】‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注；吸引(注意)‎ ‎2.approach v.接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径 ‎3.course n.课程；过程 ‎4.difficulty n.困难，困境 ‎5.explain vt.解释，说明→explanation n.解释；讲解；说明 ‎6.express v.表达；表示 ‎7.gradually adv.逐渐地→gradual adj.逐渐的 ‎8.master vt.精通，掌握；n.大师；主人 ‎9.overcome v.克服，解决 ‎10.practice n.& v.练习 ‎11.request v.& n.请求；要求 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎12.accent n.口音；腔调；重音 ‎13.accumulate vt.& vi.积累；积聚→accumulation n.积累，积聚 ‎14.accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accuracy n.精确，准确 ‎15.classify vt.分类 ‎16.consult v.咨询 ‎17.correction n.改正 ‎18.effective adj.有效的→effect n.效果，作用 ‎19.dialect n.方言，土语 ‎20.enlarge vt.扩大 ‎21.enrich vt.丰富 ‎22.excellent adj.极好的，优秀的→excellently adv.极好地；优秀地 ‎23.expression n.表达；表示；表情；词语，措辞 ‎24.grasp vt.领会；掌握 ‎25.fluently adv.流利地 ‎26.frequently adj.频繁地→frequent adj.频繁的 ‎27.memorize v.记忆 ‎28.pronunciation n.发音→pronounce vt.& vi.发音 ‎29.recognize v.辨认出；承认；识别 ‎30.scan vt.& vi.扫读；浏览 ‎31.sentence n.句子 ‎32.shortcoming n.缺点，短处 ‎33.shortly adv.不久；简单地，扼要地 ‎34.skim vt.& vi.跳读；略读 ‎35.spelling n.拼写；拼法 ‎36.standard n.& adj.标准(的)‎ ‎37.straight adj.笔直的；正直的；adv.直接地；坦率地 ‎38.stress n.重音 ‎39.term n.术语；条目 ‎40.usage n.使用；用法 ‎41.vocabulary n.词汇 ‎42.wonderful adj.精彩的；了不起的 ‎1.at present目前；现在 ‎2.attach importance to重视 ‎3.because of因为；由于 ‎4.come up提出；走近 ‎5.form the habit of养成……的习惯 ‎6.have a good command of精通 ‎7.have a good knowledge of通晓 ‎8.insist on坚持 ‎9.keep/bear...in mind记住……‎ ‎10.look up查阅；向上看 ‎11.make progress取得进步 ‎12.make full use of充分利用 ‎13.pick up(偶然)学得；拾起，捡起；接收 ‎14.put...to use使用……‎ ‎15.such as例如；像 ‎ 读得快才能买得快：文字会慢慢消失的书！ ‎ ‎＂The Book That Can’t Wait＂ seeks to strengthen bonds between first-time writers and their readers by getting their books read quickly.‎ ‎＂等不起的图书＂这一发明催促人们尽快阅读图书，从而加强了新人作家和读者之间的联系。‎ Argentinean independent publishers Eterna Cadencia are publishing an anthology of new Latin authors using special ink that disappears once it comes in contact with sun and air, completely disappearing within 2months time after opening the book. This makes for an interesting approach to motivate book buyers to read books more promptly, giving first-time authors the attention they need to survive: ‎ 阿根廷独立出版商Eterna Cadencia使用了新型油墨，出版了拉美新人作家的文集。这种新型图书一旦打开，接触到阳光和空气，它的文字就会在2个月后完全消失。这样的变化促使读者购买书籍后立刻阅读，从而给予新人作者更多关注。‎ ‎＂The Book That Can’t Wait＂ tackles an important problem for new authors. The innovative independent publishers teamed up with DRAFTFCB Buenos Aires to develop this initiative.‎ ‎＂等不及的图书＂这项发明解决了新人作者面临的重要的市场化问题。这些具有创造思维的独立出版商们已与布宜诺斯艾利斯DRAFTFCB广告公司合作，继续推广这一创意产品。‎ Books are very patient objects. We buy them, and then they wait for us to read them. Days, months, even years. That’s OK for books, but not for new authors. If people don’t read their first books, they'll never make it to a second.‎ 图书都是非常耐心的。我们购买了它们，接着它们就静静等我们去翻阅。分秒流逝，乃至经年累月。图书当然等得起，可新人作家就不行了。要是人们没有读过他们的第一本书，下一本就基本无望了。‎ That’s why Eterna Cadencia, an independent publisher and book store, decide to create something different to launch their new authors into the market. The ‎ books can't wait. How’s that? We developed the unique kind of ink, an ink that starts to disappear when it comes in contact with light and air. Then we printed an anthology of the best new American Latin author, using this ink, to create a new kind of book. A book that lasts only two months once you open it.‎ 既是独立出版商又是书店的Eterna Cadencia 才会因此决定剑走偏锋，采用新方法来推出新人作家。图书等不得，那怎么办呢？他们创造了一种新型墨水，之后用它来出版的拉美新人作家的一本文集。这种油墨一旦接触阳光和空气，就会慢慢消失。也就是说，这本书只能放2个月，否则文字都会消失。‎ We presented ＂The book can't wait＂ for the critics and the press. The invention is a success. Hundreds of people came to the bookstore to pick up their book. We gave away the entire first edition. The very same it was released. We received thousands of requests for the book. ‎ 他们向评论家和出版社展示了＂等不起的图书＂这一发明。事实证明，它是成功的。成百上千的人来书店购买这种图书，乃至全线售罄。同样的图书一经出版，订单就纷至沓来。‎ And the best results? This time we had the guarantee that our new authors were read. Then when to use the book as a platform for other different titles, because there’re a lot of literatures out there that doesn't deserve to wait on the shelf. And ours won’t wait at all.‎ 这就是最好的结果。新人作者的作品都得到了阅读。接下来，他们将以此为平台，延伸到其他类型的作品。还有很多其他的文学作品不能默默地在书架上蒙尘，它们的作者再不能等待时间的消磨。‎ 教育已成奢侈品!月薪3万还撑不起孩子一个暑假?‎ What’s the latest luxury status symbol in China? It’s not a handbag by Louis Vuitton or Gucci. According to Chinese parents, it’s their children. Shelling out a small fortune for their children’s schooling, summer vacations, and extracurriculars is the latest trend for Chinese parents looking to distinguish themselves.‎ 中国最新的奢侈品的标志是什么？不是路易威登或古驰的手提包。中国父母们表示，是他们的孩子。对中国父母而言，拿出一大笔钱用于孩子的学校教育、暑期和课外活动是他们彰显自己的最新趋势。‎ This summer, an article titled, ＂A Monthly Salary of 30,000 RMB ($4,493) is Not Enough for My Child’s Summer Vacation＂ went viral on WeChat Moments. Written by a high-paid executive mom, it tells the story of how she can hardly keep up with the extravagant overseas summer programs that she lines up for her daughter.‎ 今年夏天，一篇名为＂月薪3万，还是撑不起孩子的一个暑假＂的文章在微信朋友圈疯传。这篇文章的作者是一位高薪的高管母亲，文章称，她为女儿安排了奢侈的海外暑期课程，但她的工资几乎满足不了这些课程的费用。‎ The mother says the total cost of her daughter’s education for the summer is 35,000 yuan, including 20,000 yuan for a 10-day US study tour and other tutoring classes that cost up to 10,000 yuan.‎ 这位母亲表示，她女儿的暑期教育总共花费了35000元，其中为期10天的美国学习之旅需要20000元，而其他辅导课程的费用共计达10000元。‎ Immediately after the post was published, Chinese netizens responded furiously, with many Weibo users asking, ‘Can an expensive summer vacation really make your kids ‘better’ than others?＂‎ 这篇帖子一经发出就引起了中国网民的激烈回应，许多微博用户问，＂昂贵的暑期课程真的就能让你的孩子比其他人‘更优秀’吗＂？‎ Other internet users wondered about the intentions of parents making such a sacrifice. ＂Is this to fulfil the parents’ vanity or to make the children happy?＂‎ 其他网友质疑父母们做出如此牺牲的目的。＂这是为了满足父母的虚荣心还是为了让孩子开心？＂‎ Linda Xu strongly oppose such criticism. Xu, who works as an Operations Manager in an international automobile company in Beijing, said that she spent less than that of the mom in the post, though the cost of different tutoring classes that she selected for her eight-year-old son to take during the summer ＂definitely exceeded 20,000 RMB.＂‎ 琳达·徐强烈反对了这样的指责。徐女士在北京一家跨国汽车公司担任运营经理，她表示，虽然与帖子中的母亲相比，她的支出要少一些，但在暑假期间，她也为自己8岁的儿子选择了不同的辅导班，而所有的费用＂肯定超过了20000元＂。‎ She rationalized her decision by saying, ＂This is the luxury I didn’t get to enjoy when I was young, and I hope to start early on my kid’s elite education so that he can stand out among his peers as he grows older.＂‎ 她解释了自己的决定，称＂这是我小时候没有享受到的奢侈，我希望我的孩子可以早早地接受精英教育，这样随着他慢慢长大，他就可以从同龄人中脱颖而出。＂‎ According to a report on global education expenses, 93 percent of Chinese parents have been paying for kids’ private schools, a figure surpassing that of the United States (46 percent), France (32 percent), and the United Kingdom, respectively, by at least 40 percent.‎ 一份关于全球教育费用的报告指出，93%的中国父母会为孩子支付私立学校的学费，而这一比例分别超过了美国（46%）、法国（32%）和英国（至少40%）。‎ The strong emphasis placed by Chinese parents on education has fueled the growth of the children’s education market in China lately. What’s more, there has been a myth among Chinese mothers that the quality of education is positively correlated with the price they pay. However, the loosely regulated education market means that the correlation is not always true.‎ 近来，中国父母对教育的重视刺激了中国教育市场的增长。而且在中国妈妈之间还有一个说法，那就是教育质量与他们支出的学费呈正相关。然而，监管松散的教育市场意味着这种相关性并不总是如此。‎ ‎＂This irrational phenomenon is unique to the middle class in China ,＂ writes Yu Xiulan, the Professor of Education at Nanjing University .‎ ‎＂这种不合理的现象是中国中产阶级特有的，＂南京大学教育学教授余秀兰写道。‎ She reasons that the country’s elite class doesn’t have to worry about changing the social status through education, whereas for lower-class households, they simply cannot afford it. China’s middle class comes in between, whose anxiety about keeping their current social status urges them to spend a great deal of money ‎ in education, even at the expense of their quality of life, in order to make them feel secure.‎ 她解释道，中国的精英阶层不必担心教育会改变他们的社会地位，而对于平民阶层的家庭来说，他们根本就负担不起这样的教育支出。中国的中产阶级处于两者之间，他们对保持自身当前社会地位的担忧使他们在教育上投入了大量的资金，为了让自己觉得踏实，甚至不惜牺牲自己的生活质量。‎ 高考试题一（2017年·新课标卷I）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 完形填空 记叙文 ‎ 大学期间学习手语 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎17分钟 ‎ While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language(美式手语).‎ I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all ‎ my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.‎ The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 . This newness just left me ___51___ more.‎ After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.‎ The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.‎ ‎41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal ‎42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion ‎43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create ‎44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken ‎45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request ‎46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task ‎47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed ‎48. A. idea B. amount C. dream ‎ ‎ D. reason ‎49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted ‎50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance ‎51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting ‎52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain ‎53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count ‎54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious ‎55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize ‎56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for ‎57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated ‎58. A. Lastly     B. Thus    C. Instead   D. However ‎59. A. required   B. caused    C. allowed   D. expected ‎60. A. easy    B. popular    C. quick     D. new ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲的是与语言学习有关，文章讲述了作者在大学期间学习手语的经历。刚开始作者认为自己没有必要学习手语，直到有一次看到手语俱乐部的表演，作者深深地为之吸引，从而产生了学习手语的渴望。‎ ‎41.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。searching寻找的，探索的；planning计划的；natural自然的；formal正式的。句意：我自己经历了这个探索的过程。根据前文While high ‎ school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration可知大学为探索提供了舞台，所以这里指的是作者＂探索＂的过程。故选A。‎ ‎42.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。progress进步；experience经历；major主修科目；opinion观点。句意：我发现有些东西改变了我的大学生活经历。故选B。‎ ‎43.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。choose选择；read看，读；learn学习；create创造。句意：我以前从没有过学习手语的冲动。故选C。‎ ‎ 45.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。love热爱；concern关心，顾虑；goal目标；request请求。句意：我没想过我会发现自己对美式手语的热爱。前文中I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before表明作者以前从未想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语。故选A。‎ ‎46.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。meeting会议；trip旅行；story故事；task任务。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第一周。 分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情，故选C。‎ ‎47.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。record记录；perform表现，表演；recite背诵；discuss讨论。句意：我观看他们在ASL俱乐部表演一首歌的翻译。分析语境可知ASL 俱乐部是手语俱乐部，因此他们应该是在用手语表演一首歌。故选B。‎ ‎48.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。idea想法；amount数量；dream梦想；reason原因。句意：手的动作和不用语言进行交流的想法吸引了我。分析语境可知作者当时在看手语表演，而手语就是为了帮助人们交流而设计的手势。故选A。‎ ‎49.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。disturb打扰；support支持；embarrass使……难堪；attract吸引。分析语境可知ASL俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会主动去学习手语。故选D。‎ ‎50.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。end结束，末尾；past过去；course课程；distance距离。句意：我所看到的和我在过去经历的事情完全不同。in the past在过去。故选B。‎ ‎ 52.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。exercise锻炼；explore探索；express表达；explain解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉到想要探索更多(关于手语的东西)，于是我决定参加ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。‎ ‎53.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。print打印；write写；sign签名，打手语；count数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。故选C。‎ ‎54.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。slow缓慢的；steady平稳的；normal正常的；obvious明显的。句意：我并没有因为自己进步缓慢而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。因为作者只学会了打字母表的手语，所以进步是很慢的。故选A。‎ ‎55.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。chair主持，使……入座；sponsor赞助；attend参加；organize组织。句意：之后我下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议，学习我能学习的一切。attend a meeting参加会议。故选C。‎ ‎56.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。miss错过，想念；pass通过；give up放弃；register for报名，注册。句意：接下来的一个学期，我报名上了一个手语班。故选D。‎ ‎57.A 【解析】考查动词辨析。prohibit禁止；welcome欢迎；ignore忽视；repeat重复。句意：教授的耳朵听不见，任何口语交流都是禁止的。根据后文if there had been any talking可知在课堂上禁止用口语交流。故选A。‎ ‎58.C 【解析】考查副词辨析。lastly最后，终于；thus因此，如此；instead反而，相反地；however然而。句意：反而，如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少。根据前文I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.可知作者很快意识到安静并不是令人不愉快的，反而有口语交流会影响他们学习手语。故选C。‎ ‎ 60.D 【解析】考查形容词辨析。easy简单的；popular受欢迎的；quick快速的；new新的。句意：现在我很感激当时的安静，并且享受它带来的一种新的交流方式。分析语境可知手语对于作者来说是一种新的交流方式，故选D。‎ 高考试题二（2017年·新课标卷I）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 书面表达 应用文 ‎ 告知下次上课的计划 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎18分钟 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：‎ ‎（1）时间和地点；‎ ‎（2）内容：学习唐诗；‎ ‎（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Leslie，‎ I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. ‎ Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【思路点拨】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的文档次。‎ 高考试题三（2017年·江苏卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 鸟儿胎教 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular ＂feed me!＂ call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary ‎ inference can then be drawn. ＂As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?＂ Kleindorfer asks. ＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means＂____________＂.‎ ‎ A. be the worst B. be the best ‎ C. be the as bad D. be just as good ‎59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ ‎ A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ ‎ B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ ‎ C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.‎ ‎ D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ____________.‎ ‎ A. can receive quality signals ‎ B. are in need of training ‎ C. fit the environment better ‎ D. make the loudest call ‎【话题解读】文章大意：文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。‎ ‎58. B【解析】根据第二段＂when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers＂可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。‎ ‎59. A【解析】根据第三段＂the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.＂可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段中的＂A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.＂可知，A项正确。‎ 高考试题四（2016年·北京卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 ‎ 大学并不是温暖的家，也不能成为学生的家 ‎★★★★☆‎ ‎6分钟 Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on ＂ new ways of thinking about oneself bother intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a ‎ sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving.‎ C. Supportive. D. Neutral.‎ ‎68. The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means _________.‎ A. change B. choice C. text D. extension ‎69. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ A. To develop a shared identity among students.‎ B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior.‎ C. To provide a safe world without tension for students. ‎ D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.‎ ‎70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion ‎ 67.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段＂The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However...＂可知，作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的＂家＂，说明作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子，故选B。‎ ‎68.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据＂from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility＂可知，从受家庭的庇护到有自主性和肩负成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选A。‎ ‎ 70.C 【解析】篇章结构题。根据第四段＂Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.＂中的＂equally important＂和第五段的＂Moreover＂可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选C。‎ 高考试题五（2012年·四川卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 书面表达 应用文 ‎ 告知下次上课的计划 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎18分钟 假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初，你的英语老师Ms. Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况，并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。‎ ‎1．对英语学习的认识；‎ ‎2．自己目前的英语水平；‎ ‎3．自己英语学习存在的主要问题；‎ ‎4．对英语教学的两点建议。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 第一步　明确要求 本篇属于书信类的应用文，要求是根据所给信息，给英语老师Mr.Li写一封信，内容包括4点：对英语学习的认识；自己目前的英语水平；自己英语学习存在的主要问题；对英语教学的两点建议。时态应以一般现在时为主，人称要用第一人称。‎ 第二步　确定段落 写这篇文章时，可分两段来写：‎ 第一段：对英语学习的认识；‎ 第二段：自己的英语水平、英语学习存在的问题及英语教学的建议。‎ 第三步　提炼要点 ‎1．地球村global village ‎2．掌握英语master/grasp English ‎3．透过新窗口看世界see the world through a new window ‎4．发现/感觉做某事困难find/feel it difficult to do sth.‎ ‎5．记单词learn words by heart ‎6．给某人提出……建议give sb.advice on...‎ ‎7．在……方面取得进步make progress in...‎ 第四步　句式升级 ‎1．世界正在成为一个地球村，因此英语变得越来越重要。‎ ‎(一般表达)The world is becoming a global village and English is getting more and more important.‎ ‎(句式升级)As the world is becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important.‎ ‎2．我的英语水平一般，我的英语学习主要存在两个问题：一是我感觉记单词难，二是我说英语时感到紧张。‎ ‎(一般表达)My English is just so so.I have two main problems in my study：one is that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart；another is that I often feel nervous when speaking English.‎ ‎(句式升级)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.‎ Dear Ms.Li，‎ I’m very happy to have you as our English teacher.‎ As the world is becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important，so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.‎ My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words. Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking. I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.‎ Thank you!‎ Li Hua I.阅读理解 A 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎ If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you understand a topic. Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information. Not being able to retrieve (数据检索) new ideas could happen on a test or even in a conversation.‎ Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. She adds that self-testing improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words.‎ Lynn is not the only expert who recommends self-testing. A paper in Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition says one benefit of testing practice is that it improves retrieval. Retrieving information once makes retrieving that information easier in the future. In addition, the paper says, when students test themselves as part of studying, they learn what they do not know. When students know what they do not understand, they can pay attention to overcoming their weaknesses. Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying. Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned. She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something. Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it. This will allow learners to test what they know.‎ Next time you are studying English, try to test yourself. But do not just assume that you can read something once or twice and fully understand it. Even if you highlight important points or take notes in a class, you probably do not fully understand what you learned. After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years. They often compete in races to test their skills.‎ ‎1.What’s the common situation faced by English learners?‎ A. They fail to come up with new ideas.‎ B. They are not familiar with a certain topic.‎ C. They don’t learn as well as they think.‎ D. They don’t know how to improve their test-taking skills.‎ ‎2.Which is the advice given by Lynn about self-testing?‎ A. Recall what’s learned with the book closed.‎ B. Remember what’s learned by repetitive reciting.‎ C. Question your teachers on what you doubt bravely.‎ D. Challenge yourself to learn from videos.‎ ‎3.Why are Olympic athletes mentioned?‎ A. To show how to be successful athletes.‎ B. To make people confident of learning.‎ C. To warn English learners not to be proud.‎ D. To stress the significance of practice.‎ B 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better. 　 1 　Below are some great ways of learning as much as you can without getting too stressed.‎ Find the right place to study.‎ The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions(分散注意力的事物) while studying.　2 　You should keep away from television sets and phone calls. Get all of your study materials together, so you will not be interrupted in the middle of your session.‎ Break down the tasks into smaller parts.‎ When you have gotten everything ready, list the items you need to study, and arrange them across several hours or days, depending on how big your load is. As a general rule, assign(分配) at least one hour to each subject. 　 3 　By doing this, you will be able to know more easily how long you need for each topic.‎ Schedule study breaks.‎ When you have listed all of your tasks and made a schedule, you should ‎ arrange(安排)study breaks. 　 4 　This will give your eyes some time to rest, and yourself a chance to go to the bathroom or have some coffee. Scheduled breaks will reduce the need for you to interrupt yourself to the lowest level during the study session.‎ ‎ your tasks in the order of importance.‎ ‎　 5 　Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order.‎ A. Learn to arrange the subjects in the order of importance.‎ B. Each break may take about 15 minutes every two hours.‎ C. This means going to one place that will give you peace and quiet.‎ D. The key to efficient studying is following the schedule strictly.‎ E. You can find a way to test your knowledge by having a study partner.‎ F. If you have a broad subject, you will need to break it down into smaller parts.‎ G. To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently (高效地).‎ II.完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎ When I began high school, I wasn’t the most confident kid. I didn’t believe I could 　1　a college. I did well at school and took part in many after-school activities. I was able to 　2　many leadership roles there. ‎ Many teens 　3　that age went through things during their high school years, and I wasn’t an 　4　. My teachers guided me through so many 　5　things and made sure I always stayed 　6　. The time to apply to a university came and I didn’t have any 　7　. They encouraged me to get a degree. Because they saw 　8　in me, they encouraged me to try. But I didn’t think that I was 　9　enough to attend a four-year university. ‎ While I studied in DePauw University, I 　10　culture shock. When I came home for a break, I would go and visit my 　11　. They were always willing to ‎ listen and provide me with a space to 　12　my experiences with them. They always gave me the best advice that they 　13　. Perhaps they didn’t realize it, but by providing me with a space to tell about my experiences, they were 　14　me. Every word of encouragement helped me. I knew that they believed in me, and I didn’t want to 　15　them down. ‎ If it hadn’t been for them, I wouldn’t have 　16　from DePauw University. While in high school, they offered me so much 　17　in my study, but they guided me more in my personal life. Their advice has 　18　an important part in shaping who I am today. They believed in me so much that I 　19　to believe in myself. It is because of the teachers like them 　20　students gain confidence. ‎ ‎1. A. visit B. build C. take D. attend ‎2. A. take on B. take down C. come out D. come up ‎3. A. on B. for C. at D. in ‎4. A. expert B. educator C. exception D. example ‎5. A. intelligent B. interesting C. diligent D. difficult ‎6. A. mysterious B. positive C. innocent D. honored ‎7. A. confidence B. prejudice C. expression D. opinion ‎8. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything ‎9. A. foolish B. passive C. smart D. common ‎10. A. earned B. established C. evaluated D. experienced ‎11.A. parents B. teachers C. colleagues D. classmates ‎12. A. talk about B. care about C. bring about D. set about ‎13. A. must B. should C. dare D. could ‎14. A. rescuing B. helping C. training D. demanding ‎15. A. run B. take C. put D. let ‎16. A. come B. escaped C. graduated D. separated ‎17. A. guidance B. complaint C. reference D. consideration ‎18. A. made B. set C. mixed D. played ‎19. A. started B. wanted C. tried D. expected ‎20. A. who B. which C. when D. that III.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Working in another country can be a great way of broadening your horizons. It is important to remember from 　1　start, however, that finding a job in another country will require 　2　(determine) and careful thought and planning in advance.‎ If you have made the decision that you want to work outside the EU, you will have to take 　3　account some important issues you may not have to consider when in the EU. For example, you may require a work visa or work permit before you can work in your 　4　(choose) country. It is also useful to bear in mind other 　5　(different), such as language, culture and climate.‎ Once you 　6　(decide) on a particular country, you should research the work opportunities and possibilities to find out 　7　you will require a visa or work permit. You can check all this information 　8　(thorough) in advance by getting in touch with the embassy of the country where you will be travelling. You can check the Internet and the local papers for information about jobs and accommodation. If you have an opportunity for the 　9　(far) education, you can find out if your qualifications 　10　(recognize) abroad.‎ IV.书面表达 假如你是李华。你的英国笔友Mike对中国文化非常感兴趣，请给他发一封电子邮件，介绍你校暑期将为外国学生举办的汉语夏令营活动。内容包括：‎ ‎1.目的：弘扬民族传统文化；‎ ‎2.时间：7月20日到8月8日；‎ ‎3.内容：学习日常汉语、举办派对、学习中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；‎ ‎4.报名时间和方式。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 提分检测 I.阅读理解 A ‎ 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Sarah Lynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。‎ 象中的那么好。故C项正确。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的＂Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying＂和＂Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it＂可知，Lynn建议人们脱离阅读材料或视频材料进行自我检测，故A项正确。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是＂Olympic athletes cannot learn ‎ how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years＂可知，作者提及奥运选手是为了说明英语学习也需要练习，即强调(在英语学习中)练习的重要性，故D项正确。‎ B ‎ 【文章大意】文章介绍一些好的方法可以提高学习效率。‎ ‎1.G 【解析】根据上文＂Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better.＂可知，下文介绍如何提高学习效率：To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently 和上文符合。故选G。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】根据上文＂The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions(分散注意力的事物) while studying.＂可知，学习的时候要避免分散注意力的事物，也就是找一个安静的地方。故选C。‎ ‎3.F 【解析】根据本段的小标题＂Break down the tasks into smaller parts＂可知，这里是将大的任务分成小的任务。故选F。‎ ‎ II.完形填空 ‎ 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。我上中学时，缺乏自信。但在老师的鼓励和帮助下，我不断进步，最终上了大学，我由衷地感激我的老师。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】考查语境选词。根据上下文和第二段中的关键信息＂to attend a four-year university＂可知，此处该填入动词attend。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。此处表示我能承担(take on)许多领导工作。故选A。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】考查介词的用法。根据语境可知，此处为固定搭配at that age＂在那个年龄＂。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】考查语境理解。此处表示许多那个年龄的青少年都经历了各种各样的事，我也不例外。所以用exception＂例外，一般情况以外的人(或事物)＂。‎ ‎5.D 【解析】考查语境理解。根据语境可知，此处表示老师指导我克服很多困难，故应用difficult＂困难的，艰难的＂。‎ ‎6.B 【解析】考查语境理解。 结合下文中的＂Every word of encouragement helped me. I knew that they believed in me＂和四个选项可知，此处表示老师指导我克服困难，并 确保我总是积极乐观的，故用positive。‎ ‎7.A 【解析】考查语境理解。结合上文中的＂ I wasn’t the most confident kid＂以及下文中的＂They encouraged me to get a degree＂可知，此处表示我对申请大学没有信心。故选A。‎ ‎8.B 【解析】考查语境理解。我对自己没有信心，但老师却鼓励我申请大学，这是因为他们发现我身上有某种特质。故选B， something表示＂想来重要(或值得注意)的事物＂。‎ ‎9.C 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我认为自己不够聪明，难以上完四年大学。故用形容词smart。‎ ‎10.D 【解析】考查上下文暗示。由下文中的＂provide me with a space to 　12　 my experiences with them＂可知，此处应用experience＂经历＂。‎ ‎11.B 【解析】考查上下文提示。由上文可知，在我对自己没信心的时候，是老师鼓励了我，再结合下文中他们对我的帮助可知，此处应选B，即当我回家休息的时候，我会去拜访我的老师。‎ ‎12.A 【解析】考查动词短语。由下文中的＂providing me with a space to tell about my experiences＂可知，此处应选A。talk about＂谈论＂。‎ ‎13.D 【解析】考查语境理解。由上文的＂gave me the best advice＂可知，此处表示他们总是尽可能地给出最好的建议。故用情态动词could。‎ ‎16.C 【解析】考查语境理解。此处表示要不是他们，我难以毕业。graduate from表示＂ 从……毕业＂。‎ ‎17.A 【解析】考查上下文提示。由下文中的＂but they guided me more in my personal life＂中的guided可知选A。‎ ‎18.D 【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配 play an important part in表示＂在……中起重要作用＂。故选D。‎ ‎19.A 【解析】考查语境选词。我本来对自己没信心，但＂They believed in me so much＂，所以我开始相信自己了。故用动词started。‎ ‎20.D 【解析】考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调结构＂It is+被强调部分 ‎+that/who+其他＂，被强调的部分是＂because of the teachers like them＂，故用that。‎ III.语法填空 ‎ 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了到国外工作、学习时需要注意的几个方面。‎ ‎1.the ‎【解析】考查冠词。start在此处是名词，意为＂开始，开端＂，from the start＂从一开始＂，是固定搭配，故填the。‎ ‎2.determination ‎【解析】考查名词。根据空后的＂and careful thought...＂可知，空处也应填名词，故用determine的名词形式determination＂决心＂。‎ ‎3.into ‎【解析】考查介词。take sth. into account是固定搭配，意为＂考虑到某事＂。‎ ‎4.chosen ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作定语修饰country，choose＂选择＂与country是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作前置定语。‎ ‎5.differences ‎ 6.have decided ‎【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，此处强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前，因此从句用现在完成时。‎ ‎7.whether/if ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。此处指＂查明你是否需要签证或工作许可证＂，空处引导的从句作find out的宾语，且表示＂是否＂，故填whether/if。‎ ‎8.thoroughly ‎【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词check，故用thorough的副词形式thoroughly＂彻底地＂。‎ ‎9.further ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级。假如你有深造的机会，那么你可以弄明白你的资格是否能得到国外的认可。far的比较级有两种，farther表示＂更远的＂，further表示＂更进一步的＂。根据句意可知，应填further，further education＂深造，进修＂。‎ ‎10.will be recognized/are recognized ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。此处既可理解为讲述将来的情况，也可理解为讲述现在的客观事实，故可用一般将来时或一般现在时。又因qualifications和recognize＂认可＂之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。‎ IV.书面表达 ‎ Dear Mike,‎ ‎ If you are interested, please sign up for it before May 20 at our school website:xinhuahighschool.com.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎