2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(四)　如何理清句间结构之假设

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(四)　如何理清句间结构之假设

2020 届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(四)　如何理清句间结构之假设 假设复合句，即前一个分句假设存在或出现了某种情况，后一个分句说出假设情况一旦实现 产生的结果。常见的标志性词句：含有 if 虚拟条件句，assume, suppose 等。 [高考典例 1]　2018•北京卷•完形填空 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)．But the __16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17(even) more remarkable. After spotting a 18(wallet) on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19(owner) to return. 16．A.hope　　　　　　　　　B．aim C．urge D．effort [分析]　由空后的 if 可知，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么 钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。 [高考典例 2]　2015•江苏卷•D 篇 [5]Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self­dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. Q: What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Athens would continue to be free. B．Athens would cease to have freedom. C．Freedom would come from responsibility. D．Freedom would stop Athens from self­dependence. [分析]　由本段内容可知，该句是论点，接下来是论证，最后是总结。论证部分运用 if 从句 进行假设，最后总结出“she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again”，所 以只有 B 项的内容符合。 [高考典例 3]　2013•江苏卷•C 篇 [4]When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury. Q: Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4 ________. A．confirmed his assumption B．speeded up his research process C．disagreed with his assumption D．changed his research objectives [分析]　该段开始部分使用动词 assumed 提出假设情况，然后用“Instead”转折；由转折后 的内容，可以看出 Rothschild 研究的结果与他之前的假设相反。故选 C。 [课下语篇提能练]　　　 30 分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs.But sometimes I play brain games.Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test. Real Chess Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste.It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world. You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more.The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well. Juice Cubes Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels.There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550＋levels to keep you addicted. It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels. WordBrain 2 A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space. And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck.Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it. Puzzlerama Puzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers.It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more.There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance. The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play. 语篇解读：最好的智能手机游戏能用来测试你的大脑。本文介绍了四种能测试你的大脑的游 戏。 1．What is special about Real Chess? A．It is a light and colorful game. B．It is a funny word game. C．It is a 3D virtual chess game. D．It has hundreds of levels. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据 Real Chess 中的“It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.”可知，Real Chess 是一个 3D 虚拟象棋游戏。故选 C。 2．If you're good at guessing words, which game is the best choice? A．Real Chess.　　　　　　　 B．Juice Cubes. C．WordBrain 2. D．Puzzlerama. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据 WordBrain 2 中的“A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就 是 WordBrain 2。故选 C。 3．Which games are likely to have bright and different colors in the interface design? A．Real Chess & WordBrain 2. B．Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2. C．WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama. D．Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据 Juice Cubes 中“Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels.”和 Puzzlerama 中“The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play. ” 可 知 Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes 的用户交互界面色彩鲜明。故选 D。 B (2019•郑州第三次质量预测)US student Vanessa Tahay stands out from the other teenagers in her school.Her skin is dark and her accent is thick.If you ask her, she will tell you these are the things she is proudest of.Tahay is a poet, and at 18 she was considered among the best in Los Angeles. When she is on the stage, audiences often go silent.They also laugh, shout and cry.But this doesn't come easily for someone who comes from a village that sits at the base of a huge mountain range in Central America.When she first appeared at school, she was teased by others for being short and different.She never spoke, so they called her “mouse”． “How do I defend myself？” Tahay thought.“I don't know how.” “Keep going，” her mother would tell her.“At some point, you'll learn.” She spent hours after school and on weekends watching the same DVD: English Without Barriers. Tahay's elder brother, Elmer, persuaded her to go to the after­school poetry club.In the last six years, her English teacher Laurie Kurnick has turned Cleveland Charter High School's poetry program into one of the most respected in the city.Her team draws from the likes of D．H.Laurence, Pat Mora and Kendrick Lamar to create poems about their own lives.The poems focus on many things — some funny, some painful. The first time Tahay read the group's poems, she was wild with joy.“I wish I could write like that，” she thought.“I want to say something.” She wrote her first poem about her first year in America.She called it Invisible.The day her turn came to recite poems in front of the team, she broke down crying.She cried for 15 minutes.“I had so much held in，” Tahay said.“I couldn't even finish it.” But she kept at it despite her less­than­perfect grammar, spelling and diction (措辞)．Still, she wouldn't tell her friends about her poetry because she worried they would make fun of her. But with time, her poems changed her.“They gave me pride，” Tahay said.“They told me that I'm worth something.” “She had this innocence，” Kurnick said.“This willingness to be genuine shows you things you don't ever see.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国学生 Vanessa Tahay 的故事：她通过自己的 努力战胜了别人的嘲笑，并找到了自己的人生价值。 4．What did Tahay's mother suggest she do when she was teased by others? A．Fight with them bravely. B．Report them to her teachers. C．Ignore them and keep going. D．Try hard to make friends with them. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Keep going，’ her mother would tell her.”可 知，C 项符合题意。 5．What are the themes of Laurie Kurnick and her team's poems? A．Their admiration for the great poets. B．Their appreciation of natural beauty. C．Their expectations of a better future. D．Funny and painful stories about their lives. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“to create poems about their own lives.The poems focus on many things — some funny, some painful.”可知，他们的诗歌主题是他们生活中有趣 的和痛苦的故事，故选 D。 6．How did Tahay probably feel when she first read the group's poems? A．She was cold. B．She was excited. C．She was nervous. D．She was frightened. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“she was wild with joy.‘I wish I could write like that，’ she thought.”可知，她很兴奋，她希望她能像他们一样写诗，故选 B。 7．How did Tahay benefit from writing poems? A．She felt more confident about herself. B．She won many national poetry competitions. C．She became the first student poet in the city. D．She improved her grammar and spelling greatly. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，随着时间的流逝，诗歌改变了她，给 了她信心，告诉她她是有价值的。故选 A。 C When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange. As a result of that, I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study psychology. On arrival at the university, I was disappointed to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy. I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards. Later, I expanded the study by inventing a system called “the experience sampling method”. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager (传呼机) for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they wrote down where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard. I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration. This must be the main reason why activities such as music, art, literature, sports and other forms of leisure have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability. The way to remain continually happy, therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经过研究发现人的幸福感来源于做事情的专注度。 8．What led the author to study psychology? A．His determination to become rich. B．His observation of adults. C．His unhappy childhood. D．His interest in strangers. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总 是快乐的，因而决定找到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学 习心理学。 9．Who were the author's study subjects at the start of his career? A．People having deep affection for their career. B．People very aware of their personal life. C．People successful in acquiring wealth. D．People with more freedom. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。由第二段中的“I started out by studying ... who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人。 10．The author used his system to show that ________. A．people's happiness depends on who they are with B．people are happier when they focus on an activity C．creative people are happier than ordinary people D．ordinary people find it hard to concentrate 解析：选 B　细节理解题。由第三段中的“as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一 样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。 11．According to the text, people concentrate more when they are doing ________. A．something strange and enjoyable B．something difficult but possible C．things appropriate to their ages D．many things at the same time 解析：选 B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“intense concentration”及“challenge that matches your ability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 China has been the birthplace of many of the world's greatest inventions.It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.___1__This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (以物易物)． ___2__ In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells (贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country. In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same.___3__ The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.___4__ By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire. About 1000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.___5__ A．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs. B．However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical. C．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe. D．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling. E．As time went by, trade between countries increased. F．During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together. 语篇解读：本文讲述了货币在中国的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属圆硬币，最 后发明了纸币——中国成为世界上第一个制作纸币的国家。 1．选 F　结合文章语境可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖，F 项就是对那个时代物物交 换的一个举例说明。 2．选 B　根据下文的内容可知，在公元前 1200 年使用贝壳作为货币，很容易携带到远的地 方。由此可见，上文应该提到随着经济发展，之前物物交换的方式不方便、不实用。分析选 项可知 B 项符合题意。 3．选 D　根据上句内容，在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做， 即也使用贝壳来作为货币。D 项符合题意。 4．选 G　根据本空的上下文内容可知，这时货币出现了新的发展，即出现金属币。分析选 项可知，G 项指出最早的硬币上常有洞与本段 coins 同词复现，符合题意。 5．选 C　结合本段内容可知，纸币最早出现在中国。选项 C 项中提到了 paper currency (纸 币)，且说明了中国纸币比欧洲纸币出现得更早，符合题意。