【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十二（15页Word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十二（15页Word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十二 ‎[一]‎ People hold different views on what or how much homework should be. It is partly due to the fact that people can’t seem to agree on the purpose of homework.‎ Some teachers think that homework is necessary to reinforce (巩固)what is learned in school. And so they ask their students to memorize what was discussed in class through homework. Some teachers think the point of homework is to cover material that the class didn’t have time to get to, so their homework is to let students learn additional things. Other teachers like homework simply because they want students to form work habits and still others believe homework is necessary because it’s the best way for parents to learn what their children do in school.‎ However, many parents seem to have different ideas. Elisa Cohen, who has twins at Lafayette‎ ‎Elementary School, doesn’t like the fact that third-grade students in DC elementary schools are asked to write about 25 book summaries a year. She said,“They do the same thing over and over without really getting into alternate (交替的) ways of thinking about books, reading and writing.”‎ Some education reformers (改革者), such as Howard Gardner, a Harvard University professor well-known for his theory on multiple intelligence, think that Cohen is on the right track. But it’s often hard to persuade overworked teachers to give much thought to homework tasks.‎ ‎37. How many opinions do the teachers have on “homework”?‎ ‎ A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.‎ ‎38. According to the experts’ opinions, ___________.‎ ‎ A. what Cohen’s thinking about is correct ‎ B. teachers shouldn’t work too hard or too long ‎ C. teachers should give necessary work to the students ‎ D. teachers should let the students repeat what they didn’t have time to get in class ‎39. What’s the problem with Elisa Cohen’s twins in writing about their book report?‎ ‎ A. They find homework really hard.‎ ‎ B. They simply copy one repeatedly.‎ ‎ C. They get different ways of thinking about their work.‎ ‎ D. They aren’t given much thinking about what they read.‎ ‎40. Some education reformers think we should improve our school education by_____.‎ ‎ A. increasing homework B. changing schools ‎ C. changing teachers D. reducing homework 参考答案：37--40 BADD ‎[二]‎ Gus Wenner runs Rollingstone.com; his father gave him the job. But Jann Wenner, the magazine's cofounder and publisher, was quick to assure critics of the appointment process that his son is terribly talented and had to prove himself before being given the post. Apparently Gus worked his way up from more junior positions with the company, and demonstrated, according to his father, the “drive and discipline and charm, and all the things that show leadership.” Gus Wenner is 22 years old.‎ He is certainly not the only kid out of college, or even out of high school, working at daddy's firm. Family contacts are a common way of finding both temporary internships and longtime careers. Opportunities for the children of top 1 percent are not the same as they are for the 99 percent.‎ This is hardly a shock, but it is precisely the type of inequality that reveals the hardtodefine promise of the “Just Do It” version of the American dream and deepens our cynicism(愤世嫉俗) about how people get ahead. As a consequence, it weakens support for public policies that could address the lack of upward mobility among children born at the bottom, who ought to be given priority. A strong tie between adult outcomes and family background annoys Americans. When an organization conducted a nationally representative survey asking about the meaning of “the American dream”， some typical answers included: “Being free to say or do what you want” and “Being free to accomplish almost anything you want with hard work.”but also “Being able to succeed regardless of the economic circumctances in which you were born.”‎ This is exactly the reason that “the American dream” is not only ‎ a defining metaphor for the country, but also why Americans have long been willing to tolerate a good deal more economic inequality than citizens of many other rich countries. A belief in the possibility of upward mobility not only morally justifies inequality as the expression of talents and energies, but also extends a promise to those with lower incomes. After all, why would you be a strong advocate for reducing inequality if you believe that you, or eventually your children, were likely to climb the income ladder?‎ Hard work and perseverance(毅力) will always be ingredients for success, but higher inequality has made having successful parents, if not essential, certainly a central part of the recipe.‎ The belief that talent is something you are born with, and that opportunities are open to anyone with ambition and energy, also has a dangerous consequence. When the public policy is focused on the difficult situation of the poor, this belief can help the concept resurface that the poor are “undeserving” and are the authors of their own situation. Yet we actually know a good deal about why children of the poor have a higher chance of being stuck on poverty as adults.‎ The recipes for breaking this intergenerational trap are clear: a nurturing(培养) environment in the early years combined with accessible and highquality health care and education promote the capacities of young children, heighten the development of their skills as they grow older, and eventually raise their chances of upward mobility.‎ Talent is nurtured and developed, and even genes are expressed differently depending upon environmental influences.‎ The 1 percent are the goal for these uppermiddleclass families, who after all have also experienced significant growth in their relative standing. The graduate and other higher degrees that they hold, for which they put in considerable effort, have put them on the upside of the wave of globalization and technical change that has transformed the American job market.‎ An age of higher inequality gives them both more resources to promote the capacities of their children, and more encouragement to make these investments since their children now have all the more to gain.‎ For them, an American dream based on effort and talent still lives, and as a result they are less likely, with their considerable cultural and political influence, to support the reshaping of American public policy to meet its most pressing need: the future of those at the bottom.‎ ‎66. What do we know about Gus Wenner?‎ ‎ A. He will prove himself competent in the future.‎ ‎ B. He has some work experience in the company.‎ ‎ C. He is the cofounder and publisher of the magazine.‎ ‎ D. He is too young to be in charge of the company.‎ ‎67. The phenomenon illustrated by the appointment of Gus Wenner ________．‎ ‎ A. stops people from dreaming the American dream ‎ B. encourages the government to carry out public policies ‎ C. reduces the level of people's tolerance of economic inequality ‎ D. narrows the possibilities of people at the bottom moving upward ‎67. By saying “Being able to succeed regardless of the economic circumstances in which ‎ you were born，” the respondents of the survey ________．‎ ‎ A. showed their upset about the inequality　 ‎ ‎ B. expressed their gratitude for the fairness ‎ C. indicated their determination to succeed　 ‎ ‎ D. gave their satisfaction with the circumstances ‎ 69. We can infer from the passage that the public policy for the poor faces opposition ‎ from ________．‎ ‎ A. the lower class B. all classes of society ‎ C. the top one percent D. the upper middle class ‎70. What is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. How old are you? B. What is your talent?‎ ‎ C. Who is your daddy? D. Where is your future?‎ 参考答案：66---70.BDADC ‎ [三]‎ If a diver surfaces(浮出水面) too quickly, he may suffer the bends（减压病）. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated（释放）by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.‎ Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙). That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.‎ Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic(三叠纪) period and from the later Jurassic(侏罗纪) and Cretaceous(白垩纪) periods.‎ When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution（进化）of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.‎ If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution ‎ in other animals that caused the change.‎ Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.‎ ‎ 62. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?‎ ‎ A. A twisted body. B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.‎ ‎ C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D. A drop in blood pressure.‎ ‎ 63. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.‎ ‎ A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends ‎ B. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression ‎ C. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies ‎ D. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones ‎ 64. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ______.‎ ‎ A. confirmed his assumption B. speeded up his research process ‎ C. disagreed with his assumption D. changed his research objectives ‎65. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.‎ ‎ A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means ‎ B. gradually developed measures against the bends ‎ C. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles ‎ D. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it 参考答案：62-65.ABCA ‎[四]‎ Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性） and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ‎ “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually（在思维方面）and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community （群体） differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎58. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ ‎ A. Sympathetic B. Disapproving ‎ C. Supportive D. Neutral ‎59. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means________.‎ ‎ A. change B. choice C. text D. extension ‎60. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ ‎ A. To develop a shared identity among students.‎ ‎ B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior ‎ C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.‎ ‎ D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.‎ ‎61. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage.‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案：58-61.BADC ‎[五]‎ Did you ever look up at the moon and think you saw a man’s face there? When the moon is round and full, the shadows(影子) of the moon mountains and the lines of the moon valleys sometimes seem to show a giant nose and mouth and eyes. At least, some people think so.‎ ‎　　If there were a man on the moon—instead of mountains and valleys that just look like the face of a man—what would he be like?‎ ‎　　He would not be like anyone you know. He would not be like anyone anybody knows.‎ ‎　　If the man on the moon were bothered by too much heat or cold the way Earth people are, he could not stay on the moon.‎ ‎　　The moon becomes very, very hot. It becomes as hot as boiling water. And the moon becomes very, very cold. It becomes colder than ice.‎ ‎　　Whatever part of the moon the sun shines on is hot and bright. The rest of the moon is cold and dark.‎ ‎　　If the man on the moon had to breathe to stay alive, he couldn’t live on the moon because there’s no air there. He’d have to carry an oxygen tank, as astronauts do. There’s no food on the moon, either. Nothing grows—not even weeds（grass）.‎ ‎　　If the man on the moon liked to climb mountains, he would be very happy. There are many high places there, such as the raised land around the holes, or craters(火山口), of the moon. Some of these rims are as tall as Earth’s highest mountains.‎ ‎　　But if the man on the moon liked to swim, he would be unhappy. There is no water on the moon—just dust and rock.‎ ‎　　When you think of what it’s like on the moon, you may wonder why it interests our scientists. One reason is that the moon is Earth’s nearest neighbor—it is the easiest place in space to get to.‎ ‎　　Going back and forth between the moon and Earth, astronauts will get a lot of practice in space travel. Things learned on moon trips will be of great help to astronauts who later take long, long trips to some of the planets.‎ ‎　　Scientists are also interested in the moon because it has no air. The air that surrounds Earth cuts down the view of the scientists who look at the stars through telescopes. A telescope on the moon would give them a clearer, closer view of the stars.‎ ‎29. What is the reason why our scientists are interested in the moon?‎ A．The moon is beautiful.‎ B．The moon is different from the earth.‎ C．The moon is the easiest place in space to get to and it has no air, unlike Earth.‎ D．The moon is Earth’s nearest neighbor—it is the easiest place in space to get to.‎ ‎30. The underlined word “rim” in the Paragraph 8 means _________.‎ A．ball B．hill C．height D. round edge ‎ ‎31. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. The climate on the moon is quite different from that on the earth.‎ B. Traveling between the moon and Earth will do much good to astronauts.‎ C. There is some food and weeds on the moon, even though there’s no air.‎ D. It is clearer to look at the stars through telescopes on the moon than on earth.‎ ‎32. What is the main thought of the passage?‎ A. .A telescope on the Moon would help scientists have a clearer, closer sight of the stars.‎ B. There may be human beings on the moon.‎ C. If there were a man on the Moon, there would be many similarities between the man on the Moon and on the Earth.‎ D. We can learn much from research on the Moon 参考答案：29-32. CDCD ‎[六]‎ Every day, we are moving closer to some kind of artificial intelligence(人工智能). Progress in big data, machine learning and robotics are going to give us a world where computers are effectively intelligent in terms of how we deal with them. Should you be scared by this? Absolutely, but not in the usual “robot overlords” (机器人帝国) kind of way. Instead, the real fear should be about getting human beings wrong, not getting AI right.‎ The key to the technology is the ability of computers to recognize human emotions based on the ‘‘activation” of muscles in the face. A computer can identify the positions of facial muscles and use them to infer the emotional state of its user. Then the machine responds in ways that ‎ take that emotional state into account.‎ One potential application of it is to provide “emotional robots” for the elderly. Having a machine that could speak in a kind way would comfort a lonely older person. That is a good thing, right? But that won’t also relieve us from questioning how we ended up in a society that takes care of the elderly because we don’t know what else to do with them? Can’t we have more humane solutions than robots?‎ ‎“Emotion data” aren’t the same thing as the real and vivid emotional experiences we human beings have. Our emotions are more than our faces or voices. How can they be pulled out like a thread, one by one, from the fabric(组织) of our being?‎ Research programs can come with much philosophical(哲学的) concern, too. From the computers’ point of view, what the computing technology captures are emotions, but at its root is a reduction of human experience whose outward expressions can be captured algorithmically (计算上). As the technology is used in the world, it can reframe the world in ways that can be hard to escape from.‎ The technology will clearly have useful applications, but once it treats emotions as data, we may find that it is the only aspect of emotion we come to recognize or value. Once billions of dollars floods into this field, we will find ourselves trapped in a technology that is reducing our lives. Even worse, our “emotion data” will be used against us to make money for someone else. And that is what scares me about AI.‎ ‎32. Why does the author feel scared of the development of artificial intelligence?‎ A. The technology is developing much too slowly.‎ B. Computers can’t recognize human emotions.‎ C. Robots would get control of human beings.‎ D. People may use artificial intelligence improperly.‎ ‎33. Why does the author dislike the idea of providing “emotional robots” for the elderly?‎ A. The aged people will find it hard to live with them.‎ B. What elderly people need is much more than that.‎ C. It can’t relieve us of the pressure from modern society.‎ D. It’s impossible to use them to keep the elderly healthy.‎ ‎34. Which of the following statements is Not true?‎ A. A computer can make out the position of facial muscles.‎ B. It is a good thing for the elderly to use AI.‎ C. Our emotions are our faces and voices.[]‎ D. “Emotion data” are different from the real emotional experiences humans have.‎ ‎35. How does the author feel about “emotion data” according to the last paragraph?‎ A. worried B. curious C. confused D. essential 参考答案：32-35 DBCA ‎[八]‎ You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模拟) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it’s long been used for training airlines pilots and doctors and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules. Then how does it work?‎ Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired(用线连接) into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What makes ‎ VR different from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors(传感器) that find out how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback(反馈) as well.‎ VR has been generally used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the army for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a jump from an airplane, or carrying out a brain operation? All these things are obvious applications of virtual reality.‎ Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always warn that people may be addicted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their real-world lives—but that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.‎ ‎33. What equipment do we need for virtual reality?‎ A. a keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.‎ B. a headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.‎ C. A headset, data gloves and a speech recognition.‎ D. A keyboard, a mouse and a speech recognition.‎ ‎34. According to the passage, which is NOT the applications of VR?‎ A. Entertainment B. Operations C. Scientific experiments D. School education ‎35. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?‎ A. The advantages of virtual reality.‎ B. The influences of virtual reality.‎ C. The importance of virtual reality.‎ D. The applications of virtual reality.‎ 参考答案：33-35BDD ‎[九]‎ Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old, and could not read until he was seven? His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability.‎ Beethoven's music teacher said about him, “As a composer (作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it?‎ When Thomas Edison was a young boy, his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything. He once said, “I remember I used to never be able to get along at school. I was always at the foot of my class ... My father thought I was stupid, and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.” What if young Thomas had believed what they said about him?‎ When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young, he had difficulty learning to read and write. Today, we may say he had a learning disability. His father said of him, “I have an idiot (白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed. “He's uneducable，” he said. What if Rodin had doubted his ability?‎ Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”. Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher, “You can't sing. You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal.‎ What if these people had listened and become discouraged? Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven, the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said, “It's not what you are but what you don't become that hurts.”‎ You have great potential. When you believe in all you can be, rather ‎ than all you cannot become, you will find your place on earth.‎ ‎28．How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?‎ A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine.‎ ‎29．Which of the following statements is RIGHT?‎ A．When he was young, Thomas Edison always got good grades at school.‎ B．Levant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn't write any popular works.‎ C．Only Auguste Rodin's uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability.‎ D．Both Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music.‎ ‎30．What's the meaning of the underlined sentence “He's uneducable”？‎ A．He can't be taught. B．He is very clever.‎ C．He is different. D．He is a late success.‎ ‎31．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Working Hard for Success B．Having Dreams C．Believing in Yourself D．Selfchallenging 参考答案：28-31 BDAC ‎[十]‎ It is a live celebration of the lasting power of letter writing!‎ Letters Live, which started in December 2013, was held at the Freemasons' Hall in London from March 10 to 15. The show invited various great performers who read remarkable letters that had been written around the world over the centuries.‎ ‎“Bringing letters alive through outstanding performances is one of the most powerful ways in which the joy and pain and humor and tragedy of being human can be shared，” Jamie Byng, managing director of Canongate Books publishing firm, told the Nowness video channel.‎ British actor Benedict Cumberbatch agreed. “Letters are windows into the love, beauty, pain and humor of their creators and receivers，” he told The Guardian. “Letters Live makes us stop and imagine the lives ‎ behind the letters read and where they came from. It's a privilege to read this most ancient of communications live to an audience.” ‎ This year, the movie Sherlock star treated the audience by playing the part of a 17year Tom Hanks. He put on the young actor's voice when he read his letter to the Hollywood director George Roy Hill, a letter that urged Hill to “discover” him. The letter revealed that twotime Oscar winner Hanks' teenage dream was not to “be a bigtime Hollywood superstar” but to one day own a Porsche car and call his favorite US actor Robert Redford his nickname “Bob”．‎ Other famous faces at the event included Carey Mulligan, who played a fictional laundry worker, a female activist fighting for women's rights in the 2015 movie Suffragette. The British actress once again played the role of a suffragette, when she read a very enthusiastic letter demanding the vote for women. The suffragette sent a precious 1913 note to The Daily Telegraph newspaper.‎ ‎“Everyone seems to agree upon the necessity of putting a stop to Suffragist anger, but no one seems certain how to do so，” Mulligan read out. “There are two, and only two, ways in which this can be done. Both will be effectual. One, kill every woman in the UK. Two, give women the vote.” ‎ ‎24．What was Cumberbatch's attitude towards Jamie Byng's opinion?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Optimistic. D．Cautious.‎ ‎25．Which of the following was a dream of Tom Hanks as a child?‎ A．To become an actor. B．To call himself “Bob”．‎ C．To win Oscar Awards. D．To have a famous car.‎ ‎26．A “suffragette” is a woman who ________.‎ A．sends a valuable note to newspaper B．reads out a letter to the audience C．advocates women's right to vote D．plays a famous role in a movie ‎27．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Famous People Gathering B．Letters of Great Performers C．Letters Brought to Life D．Rights Given to Women 参考答案：24-27 BDCC