高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题1追本溯源突破阅读理解

高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题1追本溯源突破阅读理解

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 专题一 追本溯源 突破阅读理解 得阅读者得高分 阅读是语言文字学科最突出的特征之一，阅读理解是考查英语阅读能力的最基本方式。深入分析近几年的阅读理解题目可以发现有如下特点： 一、文章选取：体裁多元化，题材丰富化 体裁以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，以应用文为辅；选材多源于英文报刊、网络媒体等，以社会文化、科普知识、人物传记、时文报道、 史地常识、生态环保为主，间有饮食健康、广告宣传、文学作品、逸闻趣事、情感人生等主题，贴近实际生活。 二、语篇组织：结构复杂化，用词高级化 阅读理解所选文章的语篇结构都较复杂，考生不易把握，且高考对词汇运用的要求越来越高，活用词比比皆是，凡是能用构词法推断出词义 的单词都不视为生词，纯超纲词汇也屡有出现，一词多义、熟词生义现象更为常见。 三、试题设置：题型稳定化，考查复杂化 高考阅读理解的题型一直比较稳定，分为五大题型：一是细节理解题，考查范围最广；二是主旨大意题，包括主要内容(main idea)概括和标 题(title)归纳；三是推理判断题；四是词义猜测题，包括词义题、句意题和指代题；五是篇章结构题。 第一节 考点点拨话策略 1．带着问题，速读全文 首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题；其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行 扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 【典例】 (2016·高考全国乙卷阅读理解 A) Jane Addams ( 1860—1935 ) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据 Jane Addams 下的第一句话 Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任 何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢 Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams 以她的社会工作而出名，与 A 项相符。文中未提及 her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了 promoting education(促进教育)，故 B 项与文章不符； Jane Addams 获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，根本上还是因为她做的社会工作，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力， 故 C 项错误；是她的社会工作，以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名；D 项 Her community background.(她的社区背景)与此不相符。 2．找准主题句，确定中心思想 每篇文章均讲述一个主题，不管它有几个段落，它们都围绕着一个中心思想。确定了中心思想，即抓住了关键。随后搜寻关键词、主题句， 捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干、确定好 答案。 【典例】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解 B)[1]Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. … 28．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Is Your House Making You Fat? B．Ways of Serving Dinner C．Effects of SelfConsciousness D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 答案及剖析：A 通过首段最后一句可知整篇文章属于总分结构，第一段就是文章的主题段。段落中的关键词 Your house，pounds，diet 对 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 应了正确选项 A 中的 your house，fat。 3．精准推理，深层理解 深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(归纳中心思想、加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须 忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘 和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。 【典例】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 D)[2]A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more unFrench.But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening. 33．How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A．They are less frequently visited. B．They stay open for longer hours. C．They have bigger night crowds. D．They start to serve fast food. 答案及剖析：A 根据题干关键信息词 French lifestyle changes 可以定位到第二段。由 Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. 可知，这些年来，巴黎人的咖啡馆已经沦为受害者，因为法国人的生活方式发生了改变，例如工作时间的加长、快餐的出现以及年轻人渴望 在家里度过更多的时间。由此可以推断出人们来咖啡馆的次数减少了。故选项 A 正确。B、C 两项所述恰恰是咖啡馆人气更旺的表现，与文章内容 不符；D 项是对 a fastfood boom 的误解。 4．猜词悟义，清除阅读障碍 在做阅读理解题时，常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等。这时考生不要紧张，而应运用学过的语言知识，通过逻辑思维，去推断出 此单词和整个句子的含义。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义、句意。 【典例】 (2016·高考全国乙卷阅读理解 C) I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier．Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips—of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time. 29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? A．provider B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor 解析：选 B。词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的 I've done 89 trips 以及．..from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours ...可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故 B 项“送货员”与之相符合。其他三项的意思：provider 供应者；collector 收集者，收藏家；medical doctor 医生。 5．重叠选项，定位答案 通过题干返回原文，判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。注意要有选一个答案的理 由和不选其余三个的理由。 正确答案的特征： (1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。 (2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。 (3)正确答案经常运用的原则：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。 (4)从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。例如：can，may，might，possible，not necessarily，some。 (5)正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。 【典例】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解 D)Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace— ￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court，Henry Ⅷ's favourite palace.Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included)．With 500 years of history，Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.Visit the palace and its various historic gardens，which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost! 35．Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 A．It used to be the home of royal families. B．It used to be a wellknown maze. C．It is the oldest palace in Britain. D．It is a worldfamous castle. 答案及剖析：A 根据 Tour C 部分中的．..Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.Now，this former royal palace... 可知，这个地方曾经是四个国王和一个女王的宫殿，因此成为了主要的旅游景点。这与 A 项中的 royal families(皇室)吻合，故选 A。B 项中的 maze 应该是在宫殿的花园中，与 D 项都不是成为主要旅游景点的原因；C 项中的 oldest 的说法在文中没有信息依据。 A (2016·河北衡水点睛联考) When you get a job interview，it is the chance that you impress the employer and prove you really are the right person for the job.The following key points may be the important steps you can take to ensure you make a good impression from the beginning： Be Prepared Research the company thoroughly before the job interview.Read through the company website to gain a thorough understanding of what does its values，clients or audience and any technologies it uses.You should also Google the company and read any press releases.Note important issues or points you can discuss at the interview.Take copies of the job description with you to the interview.Don't be afraid of showing off，you can bet the other candidates won't be holding back! Interview Questions All this preparation work will go a long way to helping you for questions you might be asked during the interview.As well as preparing for the standard questions，you also need to come up with relevant questions to ask the interviewer about the company and your role.You may want to ask something along the lines of “What's it like to work here？”，“What are the career prospects I like？” Timekeeping Plan your route in advance and make a dry run to the interview location a few days beforehand to make sure you're clear on where you're going.Print out directions and maps from sites like Google Maps and make sure you should be there without any problems. After the Interview If you're unsuccessful，use it as an opportunity to improve.Ask for feedback from the interviewer.This will improve your future interview success chances; the interviewer might consider you for future vacancies at the company based on this action alone. 1．What should you do at a job interview? A．Recognize who is the right employer. B．Have a good impression of the employer. C．Find a chance to show your talent off. D．Impress the employer with good behavior. 2．Which question can you ask the interviewer? A．What interests you when you work? B．What is the information about your clients? C．What is the promising future of the company? D．What advice will you offer to the interviewees? 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ． A．the interviewer can help you through the back door B．a polite attitude can help you find a way out C．it is impossible to get a job at the first interview D．it is important to keep cautious about an interview 【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，属于社会知识类短文阅读。无论是求职还是面试，求职者一定要从心理上做好准备。作者就如何应对面 试提出了四条建议。 1．解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第一段末句“The following key points may be the important steps you can take to ensure you make a good impression from the beginning”：可知，在面试时，应该给老板一个好印象。故选 D。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 2．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，面试者也可以向面试的考官问几个问题，“about the company and your role”则定位了这 些问题是有关公司和你个人的。故选 C。 3．解析：选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，即使没有通过面试，你打电话询问面试的考官时，他会对你有好的印象，将来很可能给你 提供机会，因此礼貌的态度很重要。故选 B。 B For years，I thought that my mother would become a Centenarian (百岁老人)，but after 98 years and eight months，she recently died of old age.As it was with my father，her funeral took place in the most peaceful setting of the countryside of rural Washington County.Even after my father died，we continued to think of our parents as one．They were a team in the traditional sense.Church and family were their lifelines.They worked hard，never complaining.They expected to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow. Once during a conversation with Tom Brokaw，who wrote the bestselling book The Greatest Generation，I told him，“You left out my parents.” They didn't go off to war，but they belonged to the Greatest Generation.They，too，were part of the foundation that made America truly great.They kept the home fires burning. Our mother gloried in being a housewife and mother.Having been a teacher in her early adult years，when education was more important than anything else，she gave up her job to raise a family.She was an excellent cook，but she had to cook on a wood stove.There was no refrigerator，nothing electric.But nobody was ever better at making do.In addition to all the household chores and responsibilities， she went to the fields every day to help produce a crop to pay the rent and to provide for the family.She and my dad worked hard to save every penny possible. They saved every penny to buy a farm late in life.They also saved enough money to live out their respective lives with home care without taking up residency in a nursing home.They were fiercely independent.If you had suggested they accept a government transfer payment，they would have spit in your eye. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Mother played a great part in the family B．Mother died at the age of 98 years old C．Mother was buried by the side of father D．Mother survived father by many years 5．The underlined part “one” in the first paragraph means ． A．parent B．centenarian C．hero D．entirety 6．What do we know about Tom Brokaw? A．He is one of the author's parents' friends. B．He likes talking with the author's parents. C．He takes up a position as a writer. D．He is good at managing a home. 7．How does the author find his parents? A．Brave and hardworking. B．Modest and warmhearted. C．Economical and independent. D．Respective and satisfied. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，属于人生百味类短文阅读。母亲像众多的家庭妇女一样，为了家人的健康和生活无怨无悔地辛苦了一生， 和父亲一起为了这个家奉献了一生。 4．解析：选 A。主旨大意题。作者从母亲的离世谈起，谈到母亲为了家人，放弃了自己喜欢的工作，为了家人无怨无悔地奉献了一生。故选 A。 5．解析：选 D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Even after my father died，we continued to think of our parents as one.”可知， 家人总是把父母看作是一个整体。故选 D。 6．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第二段 Tom Brokaw 写的书 The Greatest Generation 很畅销，可知他是一名作家。故选 C。 7．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在作者眼中他的父母节约每一分钱过生活，不喜欢接受他人的施舍。故选 C。 C Great Yarmouth is an English seaside town situated at the mouth of the River Yare，about 120 miles to the northeast of London.Around 5 million people visit Great Yarmouth every year，making it one of Britain's most popular seaside resorts. Formerly the home of one of the most profitable fishing industries，Great Yarmouth is a busy and very popular seaside 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 resort.Undoubtedly，one of the most popular attractions is Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach，a historic freeentry pleasure park， which draws annually 1.5 million visitors. The two piers(突堤码头)，Britannia Pier and Wellington Pier，both contain familyorientated entertainment.As well as the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront，Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side，with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore. Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York，with heritage walks to help you discover this medieval (中世纪的)attraction along with several museums and houses dating back to many centuries.If ghost walks are more your cup of tea，Eerie Tales and Yarmouth Yarns is the tour for you. Great Yarmouth is also a centre for the North Sea oil and gas industry and increasingly for offshore wind power.The Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour is a huge development currently taking place which can see larger ships coming to the town.The Great Yarmouth Maritime (海上的) Festival in September each year celebrates Great Yarmouth's maritime heritage. Over the past few years，Great Yarmouth has seen significant construction spending to improve and modernise the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre.Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings and is now a lovely street leading from the town centre to the seafront area. 8．What can we infer about the tour of the heritage area? A．It must be thrilling. B．It is familyorientated. C．The visitors must love peace. D．You are advised to keep calm. 9．Which of the following is making rapid progress? A．The fishing industry. B．The oil and gas industry. C．The tourist industry. D．The wind power industry. 10．What can we know about Great Yarmouth from the last paragraph? A．Efforts are made to make it more convenient. B．Money is spent handling the traffic jams. C．The housing conditions are greatly improved. D．The service quality is being considered. 11．What's the best title for the passage? A．The rise of Great Yarmouth B．A fishing town into a modern city C．Main industries of Great Yarmouth D．A dreaming tourist place—Great Yarmouth 【解题导语】 本文为说明文，介绍了英国海滨小镇大雅茅斯。大雅茅斯因位于耶尔河的出口而得名，它拥有英格兰地区第二完整的中世纪 古城墙。每年 9 月举办大雅茅斯航海节。 【长难句解读】 Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York，with heritage walks to help you discover this medieval(中世纪的)attraction along with several museums and houses dating back to many centuries. 分析：本句是个复合句。that 引导从句作 know 的宾语；with heritage walks to help you discover...作状语；现在分词短语 dating back to many centuries 作定语修饰 several museums and houses。 译文：没有多少人知道大雅茅斯拥有仅次于约克的最完整的城墙，而穿越遗迹的徒步旅行可以帮助你探索这个中世纪的景点以及一些可追溯 到好几个世纪之前的博物馆和房屋。 8．解析：选 C。考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side，with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore”可知，大雅茅斯也有安静的一面，即遗迹区。由此可推知，去参观遗迹的游客应是喜欢平静的。 易错点拨：此题易误选 A 项或 B 项。根据第二段的“the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront”可知，滨海 区的景色会给游客激动兴奋之感，但 thrilling 并非 heritage area 之旅的特点，故 A 项错误。第二段中虽然提到了“contain familyorientated entertainment”，但是考生忽略了其主语——The two piers(突堤码头)，故 familyorientated 并不是 heritage area 之旅的特点，B 项错误。 9．解析：选 D。考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“increasingly for offshore wind power”可知，大雅茅斯的风能产业增长迅速。 10．解析：选 A。考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Construction spending to improve and modernise the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre.Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings...”可知， 为提升小镇旅游品质，政府打通交通，安装路灯，扮亮小镇。 易错点拨：C 项干扰性比较大，考生以为最后一段中的“construction”指的是房屋的建造，其目的是改善居住条件，但是“to ensure it is 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 linked to the town centre”直接说明了 construction 的目的，也就是改善交通状况，故可排除 C 项。 11．解析：选 D。考查标题判断。本文介绍了英国海滨小镇大雅茅斯的位置、景点、产业等，主要目的是做旅游宣传。故 D 项作文章标题最 佳。 D Growing up in Puerto Rico，our family was no different from so many others.My parents got married after my father came back when the war ended.Both of my parents were struggling with the hard economic realities of the time.But somehow，they found time to cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life. In our daily life，we celebrated together with our friends or family members every birthday，every graduation，and all holidays with music and dancing，typical foods.When we visited our family in the countryside－a trip that took about two hours in a car， with five children fighting as to who would get a window or the front seat－we would break into song，and somehow the trip would turn into one full of happiness and fun.We would sing not only interesting children's songs but also beautiful love songs－songs about the love of the country though we didn't understand the meaning of the words many times. I came to Philadelphia for the first time in 1973 to do a residency(实习)in family medicine.I remember the many hours of work.I was facing issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race.These were all aggravated by my feeling of cultural differences. An important turning point in my life happened one Saturday night when I attended a concert of Puerto Rican singer and composer Antonio Cabán Vale.The music showed my familiar rhythms，and the words spoke to my heart.I had found a space to express，celebrate， and share my culture in Philadelphia.Therefore，I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage.As a Puerto Rican，I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this. 12．What do we know about the author's parents? A．They lived a welloff life. B．They were famous in Puerto Rico. C．They had different cultural values. D．They took cultural values seriously. 13．Why does the author mention the trip in Paragraph 2? A．To prove her pride in her culture. B．To show fun brought by cultural values. C．To express their love for the country. D．To explain what her family values are. 14．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word“aggravated”？ A．Worsened. B．Appreciated. C．Criticized. D．Caused. 15．What did the concert make the author aware of? A．The possibility of celebrating her own culture. B．The right to share one's culture with others. C．The happiness of possessing unique cultural values. D．The right of cultures to coexist in society. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己家庭的文化价值观以及自己在文化差异中的经历等内容阐述了自己对文化差异的看法。 【长难句解读】 We would sing not only interesting children's songs but also beautiful love songs－songs about the love of the country though we didn't understand the meaning of the words many times. 分析：本句是复合句。not only...but also...连接两个并列宾语；songs about the love...是 love songs 的同位语；though 引导的是让 步状语从句。 译文：我们不仅唱有趣的儿童歌曲，而且还唱动听的抒情歌曲——有关热爱祖国的歌曲，尽管我们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思。 12．解析：选 D。考查细节理解。从第一段的“Both of my parents were struggling...cherish those cultural values that shaped our everyday life”可知，即使在困难时期，作者的父母也非常重视文化价值观。故答案选 D 项。 13．解析：选 B。考查推理判断。从第二段的内容可知，作者一家人一路欢歌，尽管他们很多时候还不懂歌词的意思，但他们享受其中的快 乐。再结合全文的内容可知，作者提及这一段旅程的目的是说明文化价值观带来的乐趣。故答案选 B 项。 14．解析：选 A。考查词义猜测。从第三段的“issues of life and death and suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race”可知，作者意识到了不平等、贫困、种族等社会问题，而当作者想到文化差异时，作者认为这些情况更严重了。故该词意为 “恶化，加重”，跟 A 项同义。 易错点拨：本题的易错项是 D，考生会误以为“这些是由我的文化差异的感觉引起的”，但 These 指的是“issues of life and death and 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 suffering the clearly social unfairness and issues of poverty and race”，这显然不是因文化差异的感觉而产生的，故排除 D 项。 15．解析：选 D。考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore，I believe diversity is seen as an advantage and not as a disadvantage.As a Puerto Rican，I am a mixture of races and I believe in my strength because of this”可知，Therefore 后面的内容是结果，而原因 自然是前面提到的作者听音乐会的经历，作者由听音乐会的经历受到启发，认为对社会而言，文化差异是优势而不是劣势，由此可推知，作者认 为不同的文化有权利共存。 第二节 拨云见日——巧解细节理解 《考试说明》指出：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括 文章中心思想的基础。 命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意 思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的 50%以上。 [设题方式——知方向] 细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage? 2．Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true according to the passage? 3．According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ． 4．The author mentions all of the following except ． 5．In the passage，the author states that ． 6．According to the passage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.)．.. 7．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 8．Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...? 9．Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...? [解题技巧——明方法] 1．直接/间接信息题：速读题干抓“关键”，“跳读”文章锁信息 2．信息排序题：先定排头后定尾 先确定第一个，然后确定最后一个，最后根据原文确定中间几个的排序。 3．正误判断题：题干原文静心觅 在解答时要带着原题回到原文中，看它们之间的吻合性。这类题目头绪繁杂，在解题时一定要避免急躁心理。 4．数字计算题：“加减乘除”巧破解 弄清询问数据与原文数据的因果关系，必要时进行加减乘除或单位换算。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 1．扩大或缩小范围 为了表达准确严密，文章对范围的限定很重视。通常是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及数量时常用 many，almost all，nearly，more than， over，only a few，normally 等限制。而干扰项是改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。 2．偷换概念 命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。 3．正误并存 在干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。只要选项局部有误或选 项不全面，都属应排除的干扰项。 下面这些线索词能够反映句子间的逻辑关系。如：because，since，for，as 等表示因果关系；after，first，next，later，meantime 等表 示时间关系；above，below，behind，in front of 等表示方位关系；but，on the contrary，on the other hand 等表示转折或相对关系；furthermore， what’s more 等表示递进关系；for instance，for example，such as 等表示例证关系。这些表示逻辑关系的词语能为考生解答细节题提供重要 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 的线索，考生要特别注意。 (2016·高考全国甲卷阅读理解 A) What's On? Electric Underground 7．30pm—1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who's playing in your area? We're bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so，come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer.He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 8．30pm—10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform.He's the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone， from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks (快餐)． Simon's Workshop 5．00pm—7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 8．00pm—11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD，with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta (面食)．Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇由四则广告组成的应用文。分别介绍了一个讲座、一个喜剧演员的演出、一个喜剧演员的工作室以及一个有爵士乐和美食的好去 处。 1．Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A．Jules Skye. B．Gee Whizz. C．Charlotte Stone. D．James Pickering. 解析：选 A。细节理解题。从题干的 have your music produced 判断本题的答案出处在第一则广告，该广告说，“你是否有兴趣成为音乐人， 得到录制唱片的合同？”然后说晚上 7 点半有 Jules Skye 的报告，因此选 A 项 Jules Skye。根据本广告最后一句话也可得出答案。 2．At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A．The Cyclops Theatre. B．Kaleidoscope. C．Victoria Stage. D．Pizza World. 解析：选 B。 细节理解题。带着题干的“不同年龄的人欢笑”这个信息，我们去这几则广告中寻找相关信息。答案在第二则广告里，该广 告说，Gee Whizz 是最滑稽的单口喜剧演员(standup comedian)，他的表演能够让所有人快乐，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest)。表演的地点是 Kaleidoscope，因此选 B 项。 3．What do we know about Simon's Workshop? A．It requires membership status. B．It lasts three hours each time. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 C．It is run by a comedy club. D．It is held every Wednesday. 解析：选 D。细节理解题。本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息。从 5.00pm—7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage 可以判断，该活动每个 星期三举办，故 D 项正确。每次两个半小时，排除 B 项；文章没有提到需要有会员资格，排除 A 项；也没有提到喜剧俱乐部，排除 C 项。 4．When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A．5.00pm—7.30pm. B．7.30pm—1.00am. C．8.00pm—11.00pm. D．8.30pm—10.30pm. 解析：选 C。细节理解题。从题干可知解本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上 8 点到 11 点，因此选 C 项。 [语篇脉络] 答案：1.What's on 2.Electric Underground 3.Charlotte Stone 4.Gee Whizz A (2016·山东济宁模拟)Many comic books have characters that challenge everything we know about physics and biology.A man who heals from bullet wounds in seconds.A hero brought to his knees in the presence of a mysterious element.A heroine who carries a rope that forces someone to tell the truth.While it can be fun to imagine how such abilities could exist，most comic book heroes resist science； they don't teach it.The American Physical Society is trying to change that with Spectra. Lucy is an ordinary middle school student at Nikola Tesla Middle School.She likes to spend science class with friends.Then one day，she discovers a very personal connection with physics.She's a human laser! When the girl's friends go missing，Lucy becomes the superhero Spectra.To save her friends，she uses her laser powers to fly，cut through walls and appear in many places at once. Spectra's adventures also show important physics lessons.Each comic book provides science projects that go along with the story.Melting Hershey Kisses suggests how different metals conduct heat.Stirring ketchup into water shows what different viscosities －or the “thicknesses” of fluids—look like.Numbers and other data from each experiment provide the information that Spectra and her friends can use to save the world from the villain of the week. The concepts might be confusing，however，without the aid of a lesson plan.Spectra saves the world with her laser powers.But the comic book never fully explains what a laser is，how diffraction works or why different wavelengths of light appear as different colors.The comic also refers to products that use lasers.Yet it never actually shows how these products (such as iPods) make use of that technology.Having a teacher around to provide definitions and details will help readers glean the most from Spectra's tales and the recommended experiments. The American Physical Society developed the series，and produced the first issue in 2009.There are now five issues to choose from.Spectra's tales are free on its website.Teachers can also download a special (and free) edition. 1．The first paragraph implies that heroes in comic books ． A．find magic power on science B．make full use of physics or biology C．challenge the power of science D．don't show respect for science 2．According to the text，Spectra focuses on ． A．spreading science in Spectra's adventures B．providing the victory of the beauty over the ugly C．telling the wide use of laser in our life D．encouraging kids to learn from heroes 3．The fourth paragraph is mainly about ． A．whether the teachers can use Spectra in class B．what shortcomings Spectra has 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 C．why the concepts are confusing in Spectra D．how laser is defined in Spectra 4．We can infer that the text is ． A．an ad for products using lasers B．a description of a girl hero C．an introduction to a new book D．an explanation of the science of law 【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了美国物理学会出版的一系列科幻小说，它们主要用来介绍科学知识。 1．解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据第一段的 most comic book heroes resist science；they don't teach it.可知，这些科幻小说虽然描 写了科学等方面的知识，但是它们却不传授科学知识。 2．解析：选 A。细节理解题。结合第二段和第三段前两句话 Spectra's adventures also show important physics lessons.Each comic book provides science projects that go along with the story.可知，这本书通过 Spectra 的冒险历程来传授科学方面的知识。 3．解析：选 B。段落大意题。结合第四段的 The concepts might be confusing...Spectra's tales and the recommended experiments. 可知这本书没有解释什么是激光，以及一些产品如何利用这些技术等，所以选 B 项。 4．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的 The American Physical Society developed the series，and produced the first issue in 2009...Teachers can also download a special(and free)edition.可知，这是一篇介绍新书的文章。 B The English proficiency of Chinese women is much better than that of men ， according to a study released in Shanghai yesterday.Chinese women scored three points higher than men in the English Proficiency Index (英语水平指数) released by EF Education， a language training company，mainly English.Worldside，women scored one point higher than men on average. “This shows that Chinese women are more used to the Chinese education mode，the report said.Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success.” However，Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked second to last in Asia，despite the great time and effort that many people invest in learning the language，the report said.China's mainland is ranked the 36th in the index of 54 countries and regions where English is not the native language.That's down by seven places comparing with that last year. The Chinese mainland belongs to the lowproficiency tier(低水平层次) and is ranked just above Thailand in Asia.This year's index has increased the weight of listening tests，while decreasing the importance of grammar and vocabulary exams，which partly caused the ranking change，researchers said.Moreover，testoriented (以考试为目的) and rotebased (死记硬背) learning methods often used in China hurt the language skills of Chinese students，education experts said. The study compared test scores of more than 1.7 million adults in the 54 countries and regions.Sweden，Denmark and the Netherlands have the best command of English，while Libya has the lowest English proficiency level.European countries generally performed well.But Italy，Spain and Portugal，some of the countries at the heart of the euro zone crisis，are being dragged down by poor English， according to the report.Singapore is 12th，the best in Asia，followed by Malaysia and India，South Korea，at 21st，and Japan， at 22nd，performed disappointingly low despite their focus on education，the report said. One in every four people frequently uses English at work on China's mainland，nevertheless nearly 15 percent said they never use English，lower than the world average level，according to the study. 5．What is EF Education? A．It is a language test organization. B．It is an English teaching school. C．It is a language training company. D．It is an organization studying human. 6．By what do Chinese women gain success in English learning? A．Cheating. B．Gift. C．Learning by heart. D．Asking for help. 7．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked second in the index of 54 countries and regions. B．Chinese mainlanders' English proficiency ranked 29th last year. C．The Chinese mainland belongs to the midproficiency tier. D．This year's index has increased the weight of grammar and vocabulary exams. 【解题导语】 昨日，上海发布的一项调查结果显示，中国女性的英语水平比男性高很多。EF 教育公司发布的英语水平指数中，女性比男性 得分高，世界范围内女性的英语水平也比男性平均高一个百分点。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 5．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段．..EF Education，a language training company，mainly English.“EF 教育，一个主要业务为 英语的语言培训公司。”可知答案为 C。 6．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段 Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success.“中国女性运用她们的天赋获得 成功。”可知答案为 B。 7．解析：选 B。主旨大意题。根据第三段 China's mainland...comparing with that last year.“中国大陆在把英语作为第二语言的 54 个国家和地区中排名 36 名，与去年同期相比下降了 7 位。”可知，中国大陆去年的排名是 29 位。故选 B。 C Here are some of the movies that inspire you to travel. The Lord of the Rings The story is about Frodo，his friends and their adventurous journey through Middleearth.Filmed in about 150 locations all over New Zealand，this travel movie shows its beauty.From the rolling hills of Matamata to the volcanic region of Mt Ruapehu，this is the best movie to see New Zealand.Also，this travel movie might have the only distinction of being inspired by travel.The director of the movie Peter Jackson first read the novel on a train going from Wellington to Auckland when he was just seventeen. Indiana Jones：The Complete Adventure Collection Indiana Jones and travel are inseparable.Everyone remembers the red line on the world map that shows up on screen when he flies.The Egypt scenes in Raiders of the Lost Ark were filmed in Tunisia.Temple of Doom was filmed mostly in Sri Lanka and Macau.Last Crusade was filmed in Italy，Spain and Jordan including an excellent view of Petra.Unlike the other films，Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was filmed almost entirely in the United States.However，their shots of Iguazu Falls are amazing. Romancing the Stone and The Jewel of the Nile This movie series focuses on a romantic writer Joan and her adventures with a soldier of fortune named Jack.In Romancing the Stone Joan goes to Colombia to save her sister who is kidnapped.In the sequel(续集)Joan goes to the fictional kingdom of Kadir in the Middle East.Romancing the Stone’s scenes were shot mostly in Mexico.For The Jewel of the Nile，the scenes were mostly shot in France and Morocco. The Talented Mr.Ripley Tom Ripley is a working class young man.Through a case of mistaken identity，he is asked to go to Italy to convince a wealthy businessman’s son to come home.This travel movie starts in New York and heads to the fictional resort of Monticello.The last section of the movie was filmed mostly in Rome and Naples.The locations were beautiful.They also did a good job of showing Italy as it looked in the 1960s. 8．If you are interested in Europe，you probably watch the film ． A．Temple of Doom B．Last Crusade C．Raiders of the Lost Ark D．Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 9．What can we learn by reading the paragraph of The Lord of the Rings? A．It is the best movie made in New Zealand. B．It was shot from Wellington to Auckland. C．It has increased tourism in New Zealand. D．The novel about it caught the director’s attention long ago. 10．The movie The Talented Mr.Ripley tells us a story of a man who ． A．owns a large amount of fortune B．helps a father persuade his son to come home C．goes sightseeing in Rome and Naples D．becomes wealthy by always working hard 11．What happens to the writer Joan? A．She is kidnapped to Colombia. B．She travels with her sister. C．She is so brave to save her sister. D．She is asked to write the movie series. 【解题导语】 这是一篇应用文。文章简单介绍了几部电影以及它们的拍摄地点。 8．解析：选 B。细节理解题。依据 Indiana Jones：The Complete Adventure Collection 部分中的“Last Crusade was filmed in Italy， Spain...”可知，这部电影部分是在意大利、西班牙拍摄的。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 9．解析：选 D。细节理解题。依据文章 The Lord of the Rings 这一部分的尾句可知，这部电影的导演 17 岁时第一次读到这本小说，被这 个故事吸引住了。 10．解析：选 B。细节理解题。依据文章尾段的“he is asked to go to Italy to convince a wealthy businessman’s son to come home” 可知选项 B 正确。 11．解析：选 C。细节理解题。依据文章中的“This movie series focuses on a romantic writer Joan and her adventures with a soldier of fortune named Jack.In Romancing the Stone Joan goes to Colombia to save her sister who is kidnapped.”可知，Joan 是电影中的 人物，是一个喜欢冒险的人，她到哥伦比亚去营救被绑架的妹妹。 D Windows 8，apart from Windows 95，is the biggest surprise and the only version of Microsoft’s operating system that has been changed from the core(核心)when compared to its former one.However，a recent study has shown that under 20% of business owners would be willing to upgrade to the new version of Windows.The reason for this remains to be discussed and debated，and we will try to throw light on this research by providing you with some of the most common advantages and disadvantages of Windows 8. Generally speaking，there are a great number of plus sides related to upgrading from Windows 7 to Windows 8. Speed—this is the biggest advantage to mention.Boot time has been reported to be up to nine times shorter than that with Windows 7. New passwords—instead of typing your passwords，Windows 8 will let you use gestures on your favorite photos to enter your passwords.This is not only practical but also extremely cool! Windows 8 experience—apart from computers，Windows 8 will be used on all devices，including smartphones，tablet PC’s and so on.Also，owing to the fact that it has been specifically designed with touch screen users in mind，Windows 8，besides using the keyboard and mouse，will offer a whole new user experience. However，there are still some disadvantages. The first one that has to be mentioned is that there is no Start menu from Windows.Yes，there is no Start button in the lower left corner，and this might be a real puzzle of many Windows users.Also，many users have had a problem to get used to the new interface(界 面)introduced by Windows 8.The biggest problem that is worth noticing is that Windows 8 was originally designed for touch screen users，and this may have a bad effect on desktop users who have gotten used to doing everything with the help of their keyboard and mouse. 12．What do “plus sides” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Math symbols. B．Strengths. C．New rules. D．Messages. 13．According to the text the greatest advantage of Windows 8 is its ． A．complex passwords B．high speed C．unique experience D．new interface 14．From the text we can learn that Windows 8 ． A．no longer requires a password B．was upgraded from Windows 95 C．will be popular with desktop users D．can be used on more than computers 15．Many Windows 8 users face the problem that ． A．the Start menu is hidden in the lower left corner B．they have to use fingerprints instead of buttons C．the keyboard and mouse can’t be used any longer D．they don’t get accustomed to the new interface 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 Windows 8 的优缺点。 12．解析：选 B。根据 plus 这个词的本义和下文中提到的 Speed，New passwords，Windows 8 experience 这三个优点以及“However，there are still some disadvantages”可知，plus sides 在此应指“优点”。故选 B 项。 13．解析：选 B。根据第三段的“Speed—this is the biggest advantage to mention”可知，高速是 Windows 8 最大的优势。 14．解析：选 D。根据第五段的“apart from computers，Windows 8 will be used on all devices，including smartphones，tablet PC’ s and so on”可知，Windows 8 除了电脑之外，还可以在所有的设备上使用，因此选择 D。 15．解析：选 D。根据文章最后一段的“Also，many users have had a problem to get used to the new interface(界面)introduced by Windows 8”可知，Windows 8 的使用者面对的一个问题就是他们不习惯新界面。故选 D 项。 第三节 顺藤摸瓜——明辨词义猜测 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 《考试说明》指出：正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典 中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。 此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推 断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。 [设题方式——知方向] 词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．The word/phrase “...” in the passage means ． 2．The word/phrase “...” could be best replaced by ． 3．Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to ？ 4．The word/phrase “...” probably refers to ． 5．According to the passage，the word “...” is known as ． [解题技巧——明方法] 1．利用构词法猜词 英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。 2．利用语境及逻辑关系猜词 利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释、定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如 or，that is， in other words，including，although，but，even if，on the other hand，on the contrary，other than，rather than，more than，instead of 等。 3．利用同义解释猜词 同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用 or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同 位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。 4．利用常识及生活经验猜词 考生要运用非语言知识提示来提高分析能力，力图理解阅读中的生词，以明确把握作者的意图。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 1．对原相应表达方式的不正确改写 2．故意丢三落四，释意不完整 3．半对半错 4．曲解原意 考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答 案。 (2016·高考全国甲卷阅读理解 B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I'm just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you're asleep？” “Oh，sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？” “Nobody.I do it.” “Really—at night，when you're asleep？” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？” [语篇解析] 本文是一篇记叙文。作为一名教师，作者用一种玩具培养孩子们的创造性和动手能力，其中一个孩子的创造性引起了作者的注意。 5．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ． A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students' interest in art D．teach the students about toy design 解析：选A。细节理解题。从题干的 in order to 判断，本题询问作者在课堂使用这种玩具的目的，第一段提到as a test ...to find out something about my students，由此可知作者的目的是更多地了解自己的学生，因此选 A 项。B 项“让课程更激动人心”，C 项“提高学生们对艺术的兴趣”， D 项“教学生玩具设计”，均不是作者的目的。 6．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．He liked to help his teacher. B．He preferred to study alone. C．He was active in class. D．He was imaginative. 解析：选 D。推理判断题。第三段作者描述这个学生，说他特别有创造性(was an exceptionally creative mind at work)，因此选 D 项。 imaginative 有想象力的。作者在该段说他的创造力能够感染班上其他学生，这让作者意外地有了一个教学帮手，没有说他喜欢帮助老师(A 项错)， 文章没有提到他更喜欢独自一个人学习(B 项错)，也没有提到他在课堂上非常活跃(C 项错)。 7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mistake. B．Drawback. C．Difficulty. D．Burden. 解析：选 B。词义猜测题。前文提到作者很喜爱这个学生，说这个学生的创造性能够感染其他学生，下文说“冒着失去那些有不同的思考风 格的学生的风险”，根据语境前后的对比判断，downside 的含义应该是 drawback“不利条件，缺点”，而不是 mistake“错误”，difficulty“困 难”，burden“负担”。 8．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A．To help them to see their creativity. B．To find out about their sleeping habits. C．To help them to improve their memory. D．To find out about their ways of thinking. 解析：选 A。推理判断题。根据题干信息可知本题考查的是文章后半部分对话的信息。作者鼓励学生讲述他们最有趣的梦，然后鼓励学生说， “白天在课堂上也试一试做梦，好吗？”由此推断，作者让学生讲述他们的梦，是为了帮助学生看到自己的创造性，因此选 A 项。B 项“为了弄 清楚他们的睡眠习惯”，C 项“为了帮助他们提高记忆力”，D 项“为了弄清楚他们的思维方式”，均不是作者的目的。 [语篇脉络] 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 答案：1.find out something about students 2.reaction/performance 3.waited 4.checked the instructions and made something 5.out of their imagination 6.an exceptionally creative mind 7.How did the author encourage students A Journey to Mecca: In the footsteps of Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta is considered one of the world's greatest travelers.During the 14th century，he traveled about 75，000 miles in search of knowledge and for the love of travel.To share the learning and research so highly valued by Islamic(伊斯兰教的) culture， the ruler of Morocco，Abu Inan Faris， wanted Ibn Battuta's worldwide travels recorded and published when he returned home to Morocco after almost 30 years.Ibn Juzayy， a Moroccan Court Secretary，was appointed to write down Ibn Battuta's experiences.His travel journal，The Rihla，documents this extraordinary achievement.It gives us a firsthand account of life in the 14thcentury Muslim world.The original book，handwritten in Arabic，can be viewed today at the National Library in Paris. The early 14th century was a favorable age for a Muslim traveler.It was nearing the end of the Golden Age of Islam，one of the great explosions of scientific and cultural achievement in world history.Caravans(旅行队)and sea lanes created transportation and communication networks that stretched across continents，including Europe，Africa，Asia. Towns and cities were regularly visited by merchants，traders，doctors，artists，craftsmen，scholars and pilgrims(朝圣者)carrying goods and ideas.All of these promoted the exchange of goods and ideas on a scale not seen previously in world history.As an educated man with professional legal skills，Ibn Battuta enjoyed kindness，companionship and offers of employment throughout the Islamic world. Journey to Mecca describes the 5，000mile journey Ibn Battuta made in 1325 and 1326 from his hometown of Tangier，Morocco， to reach Mecca，in what is now the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia，to make the pilgrimage.During this dangerous and awesome 18month pilgrimage， he met many hindrances as he was attacked by robbers，troubled by thirst，and forced to retrace(折回)his route due to war along the Red Sea.Joining the legendary Damascus Caravan with thousands of pilgrims bound for Mecca，he completed the final leg of what would be his first of six journeys to Mecca. The goal of the film was to tell the remarkable story of Ibn Battuta and to promote a better understanding of Islam in the West， said the producers of Journey to Mecca. 1．Which of the following can be used to describe Ibn Battuta's time? A．The Golden Age of Islam just started. B．Economic development slowed down. C．International communication greatly improved. D．Misunderstanding arose around the Islamic world. 2．What does the underlined word “hindrances” in the third paragraph mean? A．Tricks. B．Friends. C．Opportunities. D．Barriers. 3．From the passage，we know that Ibn Battuta ． A．wrote The Rihla by himself B．first arrived in Mecca in 1326 C．was a successful businessman D．was a native of Saudi Arabia 1．解析：选 C。推理判断题。由第二段可知，在伊本·白图泰的时代，国际之间的交流水平得到了空前提高。 2．解析：选 D。词义猜测题。由 as he was...the Red Sea 可知，伊本·白图泰被强盗攻击，受到干渴的折磨，战争迫使他折返旅行路线。 可以推断 hindrances 应该是“障碍”的意思。 3．解析：选 B。细节理解题。由第三段开头 Journey to Mecca describes...to reach Mecca 可知，伊本·白图泰于 1325 年至 1326 年从摩 洛哥到达了麦加。由段末 he completed...to Mecca 可知，这是他第一次到达麦加。 B I'm a single mummy blogger.I had been unemployed since November 2011，and eventually started to cook for myself and my three yearold son on an extremely low budget last summer. I wrote on my blog back in July 2012，in a post titled Hunger Hurts，that poverty is the sinking and choking feeling when your twoyearold son finishes his one bowl of porridge and says，“Can I have some more please，Mummy？” With only ￡6 a week，I started to work out my meals.A carrot and bean soup，the carrot，cumin(土茴香籽) and bean hamburger， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 16 and onion pasta sauce(意大利面酱)．I began to post the recipes on my blogs.Then the Sure Start Children's Centre referred me to my local food bank for help.As a result，I could write more recipes with 4 more pounds a week to buy more materials.The response was unbelievable.People struggling financially said how much it helped to see recipes made using basic ranges from supermarkets. There was also criticism.People called my costings dishonest，because “you can't buy half an onion”．I've explained that I'll use one half for lunch in a soup，and the other half for dinner.Then there's the ￡3.48 bottle of red wine I put in my dishes.In fact that bottle lasted well over a month.Apparently，that's still extravagant(奢侈的)． I've never sold it as an ideal life－simply how I dealt with mine.Something had to change，so I changed it，and I wrote about it. Life has taken unexpected turns.I have spoken in Parliament(议会) on food poverty，and been interviewed for an Oxfam report on food banks.Penguin has signed me to write a book.Readers keep asking if I will still live on such a tight budget.Surely yes because I will never forget the tears and happiness I have gone through. 4．What kind of person is the author? A．Positive and smart. B．Humorous and energetic. C．Practical but extravagant. D．Skillful but dishonest. 5．What makes the author's blog attractive to so many readers? A．Articles dealing with an ideal life. B．The way of feeding her son. C．Practical recipes posted on her blog. D．The terrible feeling of being poor. 6．What does the “food bank” in the third paragraph probably do? A．Sell food to local people. B．Post blogs of creative food recipes. C．Educate hungry children. D．Offer financial help to poor people. 7．We can infer that the author's book will probably focus on ． A．how to get rid of poverty B．how to be an honest blogger C．how to avoid being extravagant D．how to live on a tight budget 4．解析：选 A。推理判断题。通读全文可知作者虽贫困但对生活的态度是积极的；她能在经济拮据时想出一周只花 6 英镑的食谱说明她很精 明，故答案为 A 项。 5．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知答案为 C 项。 6．解析：选 D。词义猜测题。根据第三段的“As a result，I could write more recipes with 4 more pounds a week...”可知 food bank 是一家向穷人提供经济帮助的机构，故答案为 D 项。 7．解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知作者要写的那本书主要内容是如何靠低预算生活，故答案为 D 项。 C Facebook(脸谱网) friends cannot replace the real thing，say psychologists(心理学家)． People are happier and laugh 50% more when they talk face to face with friends or via webcam(web camera)than when they use social networking sites，a study has found. Dr.Roberts ，a famous lecturer at the University of Chester， said such websites don't appear to help people make true friendships.Based on two questionnaires(调查表)，he found there was no link between Facebook use and people with larger groups of friends. Dr.Roberts，whose work will be presented at the British Psychological Society conference in Harrogate，said，“The bottom line conclusion is that our relationships are not dependent on the quantity of our communication.They depend on quality，and even Skype (一种网络即时语音沟通工具) is better at increasing the quality of our communication than time spent on Facebook.” Even talking on the phone or texting does not make people feel as good as sharing a smile，the research says.The studies suggest quality，not quantity，of communication is the most important for keeping friends for life. People find the most satisfying relationships come from a small number of close friends，with an outer “ring” of 10 significant others.With these people，it doesn't matter what type of social media you use for communication.But people who want to “contact 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 17 the world at large” using Facebook can be disappointed because they spread themselves too thinly，claim researchers. In a third study，Dr.Roberts asked people to communicate with friends face to face or via Skype and keep a 14day diary.This was compared with communicating via phone，text messages or social networking sites.People communicating face to face or on Skype were 50% more likely to laugh，and they rated themselves as significantly happier. 8．Dr.Roberts's finding that there was no connection between Facebook use and people with many friends was ． A．based on questionnaires B．based on conversations C．through instant messages D．through social media 9．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Most people contact each other online. B．Keeping a friend for life is not easy. C．The quality of communication is important. D．Skype is better at understanding us than Facebook. 10．What does the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably suggest? A．They are too excited to express themselves. B．They limit their social circle to a small range. C．They spread their information at a low speed. D．They lack information to introduce themselves. 11．What is Dr.Roberts's attitude towards the use of Facebook? A．Positive. B．Casual. C．Responsible. D．Unsupportive. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇研究报告。随着科技的发展，脸谱网也走进了人们的生活，人们更多地使用网络媒体进行交友，但专家认为我们 的友谊取决于交流的质量而非数量。另一份调查研究也发现：面对面地或用网络即时语音沟通工具与朋友交谈的人会比用社交网站的人更加快乐， 且笑容也会比他们多出 50%。 8．解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Based on two questionnaires(调查表)，he found there was no link between Facebook use and people with larger groups of friends.”可知，这一调查发现是建立在两份调查表的基础之上的。故选 A。 9．解析：选 C。段落大意题。根据第四段中的“...our relationships are not dependent on the quantity of our communication.They depend on quality...”以及“The studies suggest quality，not quantity，of communication is the most important for keeping friends for life.”可知，该段主要强调交流质量的重要性。故选 C。 10．解析：选 B。句意理解题。根据第五段画线部分之前的“But people who want to‘contact the world at large’using Facebook can be disappointed”可知，想通过脸谱网广交天下朋友的人，会感到失望。因为使用脸谱网的人不是扩大了交友范围而是受限于较小的社交圈内， 所以他们才会感到失望。故选 B。 11．解析：选 D。观点态度题。根据第四段中的“...our relationships are not dependent on the quantity of our communication.They depend on quality...”和第五段中的“But people who want to ...can be disappointed”可知，Dr.Roberts 对 Facebook 的态度是不支持的。 故选 D。 D What could be cuter than your puppy giving his doggy friend a kiss on the nose? Nothing，really.But is your dog actually planting a kiss on his friend? Yes，but that's only one of the reasons your dog may lick another dog's nose.Here are some other reasons why your dog may lick another dog's nose. During an introduction，a shy and lowerranking dog will lower his head，avoid direct eye contact and gently extend his tongue to lick the nose of a more confident and highranking dog.The first dog licks the nose of the second dog to simply make it know that he comes in peace. Dogs who are already friends will also trade kisses.Two strongly bonded dog pals will lick and clean each other.They give each other “dog kisses” showing friendship. Puppies also “kiss” their mothers，but it's not a gesture of love.When puppies stop suckling(吸吮) their mothers' tits for milk and start to eat semisolid(半固体)food instead，they lick their mothers' mouths and noses in the hope of getting the mother to regurgitate(反哺)some semidigested food. So how to help your bashful dog make friends with other dogs? You can carefully select confidentbutfriendly and goodtempered dogs to play with your shy dog，to help him develop his social skills.Also consider taking him to a special training class that focuses on socialization and positive training technique. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 18 Do not disturb them when your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other.Sit back and enjoy this display of friendship.Then call them over and have them do a command such as “sit” or “shake paws”．Offer them treats as a reward for being good to each other. 12．We know a shy and lowerranking dog licks the nose of a higherranking dog to ． A．ask the dog for help B．show he is friendly C．show his anger D．show his respect for him 13．What can we know about two dogs who are already friends? A．They seldom give each other kisses. B．They usually avoid direct eye contact. C．They like keeping their friendship a secret. D．They show their friendship by “dog kisses”． 14．What does the underlined word “bashful” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Shy. B．Honest. C．Lovely. D．Little. 15．The writer wrote this passage to ． A．tell us about a study he did recently B．explain why a dog kisses other dogs C．tell us how to raise dogs D．help us to make friends with dogs 12．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，那条狗那样做是为了表示它是友好的。 13．解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，它们会通过亲鼻子来表示它们的友谊。 14．解析：选 A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的 You can carefully select confidentbutfriendly and goodtempered dogs to play with your shy dog，to help him develop his social skills.可知，作者在讲如何帮助“羞怯的”小狗。 15．解析：选 B。目的意图题。通读全文可知，作者主要是讲为什么狗会亲鼻子。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 19 第四节 字斟句酌——理解推理判断 《考试说明》指出：阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索 进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。 这类旨在考查考生透过文章的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力的题目，属深层理解题。 [设题方式——知方向] 推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．We can infer from the(first/last)passage that ． 2．The passage/author implies/suggests that ． 3．It can be concluded from the passage that ． 4．The main purpose of the passage is ． 5．Where does this passage probably come from? 6．The passage is probably taken out of ． 7．The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ． 8．The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ． [解题技巧——明方法] 1．根据事实细节，合理推断信息 在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，进行判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用 自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。 2．推断作者观点态度 全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想，注意能够表达作者思想倾向和感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，如 doubt，appreciate， hate，against 等。 3．推测写作目的 (1)根据文体类别推断，如 to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)常见于故事类的文章；to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观 点)常见于广告类的文章；to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。 (2)根据写作手法推断。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题。 4．解题时应注意以下几点： (1)直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 (2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。 (3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 1．颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反 2．照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断 3．推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化 4．无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断 这类试题的题干中常含 infer(推断)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。 (2016·高考全国甲卷阅读理解 D) A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 20 Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇记叙文。1914 年到 1916 年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临 死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。 13．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A．They were made last week. B．They showed undersea sceneries. C．They were found by a cameraman. D．They recorded a disastrous adventure. 解析：选 D。细节理解题。由题干中的 the photos taken by Hurley 定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳 作，故 A 项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故 D 项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，故 B 项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有 说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故 C 项错误。 14．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton. C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander. 解析：选 C。推理判断题。由题干中的“第一个到达南极”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比 Robert Falcon Scott 船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在 1912 年就到达了南极。由此推断 Robert Falcon Scott 是最先到达南极的人，故选 C 项。 15．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research. C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting. 解析：选 C。细节理解题。题干的 Alexander 在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage 指本文谈到的 Endurance 这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个 作家在她的小说 The Endurance 中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此 1914 年航行的目的是赚钱 (money making)，故选 C 项。A 项“艺术创作”，B 项“科学调研”，D 项“寻宝”，均未体现。 [语篇脉络] 答案：1.A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic 2.Introduction 3.to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done 4.commercial business A You may have heard that a young man named Abner Doubleday invented the game known as baseball in Cooperstown，New York，during the summer of 1839.Doubleday then went on to become a Civil War hero，while baseball became America's beloved national pastime.Not 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 21 only is that story untrue，it's not even in the ballpark (place for baseball)．Doubleday was still at West Point in 1839，and he never claimed to have anything to do with baseball. In 1907，a special commission (委员会) created by the sporting goods merchant and former major league player A．J.Spalding used weak evidence－namely the claims of one man，mining engineer Abner Graves—to come up with the Doubleday origin story.Cooperstown businessmen and major league officials would rely on the myth's lasting power in the 1930s，when they established the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in the village. As it turns out，the real history of baseball is a little more complicated than the Doubleday legend.References to games resembling (相似) baseball in the United States date back to the 18th century.Its most direct ancestors appear to be two English games: rounder (a children's game brought to New England by the earliest colonists) and cricket.By the time of the American Revolution，variations (演变) of such games were being played on schoolyards and college campuses across the country.They became even more popular in newly industrialized cities where men sought work in the mid19th century.In September 1845，a group of New York City men founded the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club.One of them would make a new set of rules that would form the basis for modern baseball. Cartwright's changes made the game fasterpaced and more challenging from older games like cricket.In 1846，the Knickerbockers: played the first official game of baseball against a team of cricket players，beginning a new，uniquely American tradition. 1．What can we know according to the first paragraph? A．Baseball was really invented by Abner Doubleday. B．Abner Doubleday fought against slaves in the Civil War. C．Doubleday stayed at West Point for some reason. D．Doubleday said he had much to do with baseball. 2．Why did the Doubleday origin story come up? A．Because a special commission was founded. B．Because Doubleday provided false evidence. C．Because Abner Craves told a Doubleday story. D．Because Abner Craves worked with Doubleday. 3．The real history of baseball is ． A．much simpler than the Doubleday legend B．that baseball comes from two English games C．that a children's game came from New England D．more interesting than rounder and cricket 4．It can be inferred from the passage that ． A．Doubleday is the most respected in the USA B．Doubleday must have been an army officer C．Doubleday in fact came from Britain D．Doubleday invented rounder and cricket 【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，属于社会类短文阅读。现代棒球运动的起源说法不一。据有关专家考证：棒球运动起源于英国的板球 (Cricket)和圆场球(Rounder)，美国人亚历山大·乔伊·卡特赖德(Alexander Joy Cartwright)为统一名称和打法，制定了有史以来第一套棒球 竞赛规则。 1．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Doubleday was still at West Point in 1839，and he never claimed to have anything to do with baseball.”可知，在 1839 年 Doubleday 在西点。故选 C。 2．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，最早是采矿工程师提出了关于 Doubleday 的传说。故选 C。 3．解析：选 B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知，棒球的真正历史远远比 Doubleday 传说要复杂，棒球运动源于英国的板球和圆场球。故选 B。 4．解析：选 B。推理判断题。根据第一段末句可知，Doubleday 曾经在美国著名的西点军校呆过，那么他很可能是一名军人。故选 B。 B Fort Scott High School English teacher Emily Rountree has been working this semester to raise money for Charity Water，a nonprofit organization，which uses 100 percent of public donations to help fund water projects in places without access to clean drinking water.Her goal was to motivate her students to use their writing in class to make a real world difference.Twelve students got top grades on the project and their articles will be published in the Tribune and online.The money from their writing is of great help. “Did you know that there are many countries around the world that don't have access to safe drinking water? Just think，that could be your someone in your family，in my English three classes，we are trying to raise money for Charity Water.“Charity Water is the organization that helps people get water in countries where there is no safe drinking water”，said Tanner Johnson，a student attending Fort Scott High School. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 22 In developing countries，780 million people don't have access to clean drinking water.In Africa alone，people spend 40 billion hours every year just walking for water.Women and children are the ones that mainly do the walking.They could be attacked，or get hurt.Whenever they get home the water that they have brought home is unsafe water that，has been in swamps，ponds，or rivers.If they had safe drinking water they wouldn't have that to worry about and they wouldn't be wasting hours of their day.Unsafe drinking water causes many different kinds of diseases that could lead to death. You could help save someone's life by donating $20 so you could help get them some safe drinking water.You can easily donate online at，mycharitywater，org/fshsenglish，or you can send a check payable to Fort Scott High School to Emily Rountree.If you don't help these people then who will? 5．Emily Rountree is working for Charity Water ． A．to set up a nonprofit organization about water B．to help discover where clean drinking water is C．to find access to using the public donations D．to encourage her students to help those in need 6．How can the students bring differences to the world? A．By donating all their pocket money. B．By collecting money in their spare time. C．By giving away their money from writing. D．By conducting themselves well in class. 7．What does the third paragraph imply? A．Africa is lacking in water resources. B．Women do nothing but getting water. C．People in Africa live a hard life. D．Rivers in Africa have been polluted. 8．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ． A．only a few people participate in the donation B．it is easy to lend a hand to those in need C．staff at the website will collect money D．it is convenient to pay off your check 【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，属于社会类短文阅读。在发展中国家，还有 7.8 亿人口得不到洁净的饮用水。伸出你的手，捐出 20 美元 帮助全世界那些缺少洁净饮用水的人们。 5．解析：选 D。细节理解题。第一段中的“Her goal was to motivate her students to use their writing in class to make a real world difference.”可知，老师的目标是激励她的学生在课堂上用他们的文章给世界带来变化。故选 D。 6．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Twelve students got top grades on the project and their articles will be published in the Tribune and online.The money from their writing is of great help.”可知，学生在老师的鼓励下开始写作，他们的文章已经正式 发表并通过捐出所得的稿费帮助这项慈善事业。故选 C。 7．解析：选 C。推理判断题。第三段谈到在非洲人们很难得到洁净的饮用水，为了取水，需要付出很大辛苦。故选 C。 8．解析：选 B。推理判断题。最后一段谈到你仅仅捐出 20 美元就能拯救一个人的生命，对于你来说则是举手之劳。故选 B。 C Everest 121 min Adventure |Biography|Drama Storyline：A group of climbers start their final climb to the summit of Mount Everest，the highest point on Earth.With little warning，a violent storm strikes the mountain，swallowing the adventurers... Director：Baltasar Kormákur Stars：Jason Clarke，Ang Phula Sherpa，Thomas M．Wright Add to Watchlist War Room 120 min Drama Storyline: Tony and Elizabeth Jordan，seemingly have it allgreat jobs，a beautiful daughter，their dream home.In reality，their marriage has become a war zone.With guidance from Miss Clara，an older， wiser woman，Elizabeth discovers she can start fighting for her family instead of against them. Director: Alex Kendrick 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 23 Stars: Priscilla C．Shirer，T.C.Stallings，Karen Abercrombie Add to Watchlist Straight Outta Compton 147 min Biography | Drama | Music Storyline: In 1987，five young men，using honest rhymes，put their frustration and anger about life into the most powerful weapon they had: their music.Straight Outta Compton tells the true story of how these cultural rebels(叛逆者) stood up to the authorities that meant to keep them down and formed the world's most dangerous group，N.W.A. Director: F．Gary Gray Stars: O'Shea Jackson Jr.，Corey Hawkins，Jason Mitchell Add to Watchlist A Walk in the Woods 104 min Adventure |Biography| Comedy Storyline: After spending two decades in England，Bill Bryson returns to the US，where he decides the best way to connect with his homeland is to hike the Appalachian Trail.He travels with Katz，one of his oldest friends.The trouble is that the two have a completely different definition of the word，“adventure”．The real fun begins... Director: Ken Kwapis Stars: Robert Redford，Nick Nolte，Emma Thompson Add to Watchlist 9．If you prefer familythemed movies，which one should you see? A．Everest. B．War Room. C．Straight Outta Compton. D．A Walk in the Woods. 10．What is N．W.A.according to the passage? A．A movie club. B．A music group. C．An adventure team. D．A charity organization. 11．Why does Bill Bryson hike the Appalachian Trail? A．To accompany his friend Katz. B．To exercise and keep himself fit. C．To strengthen his bond with the US. D．To have an adventure in the woods. 【解题导语】 本文为应用文，简单介绍了四部影片的相关情况。 【长难句解读】 After spending two decades in England，Bill Bryson returns to the US，where he decides the best way to connect with his homeland is to hike the Appalachian Trail. 分析：本句为主从复合句。where 引导一个定语从句，修饰 the US。decides 后面是一个省略引导词 that 的宾语从句。 译文：在英国生活了 20 年以后，Bill Bryson 回到了美国，他认为与祖国建立良好关系的最好的办法就是徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚山道。 9．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据 War Room 的故事情节介绍，尤其是其中的“fighting for her family”可知答案选 B。 10．解析：选 B。推理判断题。根据 Straight Outta Compton 部分中的“five young men，using honest rhymes...the most powerful weapon they had：their music”和“formed the world's most dangerous group”可知，这五个人组成的 N.W.A.是一个音乐团体。 11．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据 A Walk in the Woods 中的“After spending two decades in England，Bill Bryson returns to the US，where he decides the best way to connect with his homeland is to hike the Appalachian Trail”可推知，Bill 在阿巴拉契亚山道 上徒步旅行是为了加强自己与祖国之间的联系。 D When we walked into Papillion Bleu，a Chinese restaurant around the corner from NotreDame Basilica in Montreal's Old Port， the sole waiter on duty looked surprised to see us.At 7：45 on a Saturday night，at the height of tourist season，just one young white family sat in the dining room.We walked past them to a table in the back，Chopin drifting quietly from the speakers into the certain shade of dim light that only Chinese restaurants seem to have.At our seats，bright yellow napkins，folded into fans，rested on a blue tablecloth next to cutlery(餐具)．Sometime in the last 18 years of operation，Papillon Bleu stopped bothering with chopsticks. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 24 “How did you find out about us？” our waiter politely asked.I told him that my family used to own a Chinese restaurant that served peanut butter dumplings and I wanted to taste them again.Papillon Bleu came up when I googled “Best Peanut Butter Dumplings in Montreal”．He shook his head and told us that while it might have been the case a few years ago，they had switched peanut butter brands to cut costs. But the significance for me wasn't which brand they used，it was that they served peanut butter dumplings.Commonly known as Hunan dumplings，this specialty exists neither in China，nor anywhere else in North America.Instead，Hunan dumplings are a unique Quebecois tradition，and a slowly dying one，found in the secondgeneration Chinese family restaurants. Peanut butter dumplings taste exactly how they sound，but also unlike anything else.It is a kind of dumpling that coats your mouth with a distinct storebrand quality，a little too sweet，but buttery，and luxuriously(十分舒适地) warm，perfectly suited to resist the bonechilling effects of the Montreal winter. 12．What can we infer about the restaurant? A．It still uses chopsticks. B．It is well decorated. C．The business hour is long. D．The business is not promising. 13．How did the author find the restaurant? A．By coincidence. B．By frequent visits. C．By searching online. D．By others' recommendation. 14．What does the author think of the Montreal winter? A．Freezing. B．Mild. C．Cool. D．Warm. 15．How does the author sound when telling the story? A．Humorous. B．Curious. C．Disappointed. D．Affectionate. 【解题导语】 本文为记叙文，记叙了作者探寻儿时美味之旅。作者忘不了儿时花生酱饺子的味道，特意来到 Papillon Bleu 饭店重温儿时 的记忆，而魁北克独有的花生酱饺子正走向灭亡。 12．解析：选 D。考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“At 7：45 on a Saturday night，at the height of tourist season，just one young white family sat in the dining room”以及第二段中的“they had switched peanut butter brands to cut costs”可知，饭店经营很不景 气。 13．解析：选 C。考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Papillon Bleu came up when I googled‘Best Peanut Butter Dumplings in Montreal’” 可知，作者是通过网上搜索获取这家饭店的信息的。 14．解析：选 A。考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“luxuriously(十分舒适地)warm，perfectly suited to resist the bonechilling effects of the Montreal winter”，关键词 bonechilling 虽然是生词，但是根据“luxuriously(十分舒适地)warm，perfectly suited to resist”可 知，温暖抵挡的自然是寒冷了，由此可推知 Montreal 的冬天特别寒冷。 15．解析：选 D。考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“it was that they served peanut butter dumplings”以及第四段中的“Peanut butter dumplings taste exactly how they sound，but also unlike anything else”等内容可知，作者对儿时的味道充满了依恋和怀旧之情。 易错点拨：C 项的干扰性很大，虽然根据第三段中的“a slowly dying one”可知，魁北克独有的花生酱饺子正走向灭亡，但是这传达出的 是作者对此的伤感之情，并不能表明作者在叙述自己的经历时很失望。 第五节 高瞻远瞩——锁定主旨大意 《考试说明》指出：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，通过这一段 或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从 文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。 [设题方式——知方向] 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 25 主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．The best title/headline for this passage is ． 2．The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about ． 3．What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? 4．Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 5．The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ． 6．Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 7．The passage mainly tells us that ． 8．The main idea of the first/second/third...paragraph probably is ． 9．What’s the first/second/third...paragraph concerned with? 10．What does the writer try to express in Paragraph...? [解题技巧——明方法] 1．归纳要点抓大意。适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。 2．从段落中抓大意。适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。 3．读首句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。 4．读尾句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在段/篇尾的文章。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 1．概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小) 2．过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围) 3．以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意 找主题句的四个小窍门 ①段落中出现表转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast 等)时，其后的句子很可能是主 题句。 ②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。 ③作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 ④表示总结或结论的词语常有 therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion 等。 (2016·高考全国乙卷阅读理解 D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗 示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 26 can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化里的具体含义。沉默有时表示思考，有时表示无话可说……不同的文化，人们对沉默有不同 的理解。沉默也可以用在医院中，它还有治疗功效呢。 32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culturespecific. D．It is contentbased. 解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.以及下文给出的不同文化里沉默 代表不同含义的例子可知，选项 C 与之相符合，沉默有特定的文化内涵。选项 A、B、D 在文中都没有提到。 33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating ...just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.以及．..silence is a call for reflection.可知，许多美国本土人、一些传统的中国人 以及泰国人都把沉默看作是仔细思考的象征，故选 A 项，a call for reflection 与 a call for careful thought 是同义表达，大家做题时要学 会锁定关键词。 根据第三段中的．..Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement ...可知，法国人和俄罗斯人用沉默表 示同意，故 B、D 两项错误；由第三段中的．..Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority ...可知， 墨西哥人在权威人士给出指示，但心里不赞同时，他们会选择保持沉默，故排除 C 项。 34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文中最后一段中的 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.可知，作者建议护士们利用沉默的治愈效果来关爱病人，D 项 与此吻合，use 与选项中的 make use of 是同义表达。根据最后一段中的...a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. 可知，不要过早打破沉默，也不要让沉默没有必要地一直持续下去，A 项“只要病人喜欢，让沉默一直持续下去”和 B 项“治疗病人时，打 破沉默”的表述与此不符，故排除。文中没有提到沉默对病人有害处，故排除 C 项。 35．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold 解析：选 B。标题归纳题。整篇文章都在说，沉默在不同的文化和领域具有不同的含义，这与 B 项(沉默的含义)的表述相符。A 项中的 sound 没有提到；C 项只是文章一个方面的内容；D 项“雄辩是银，沉默是金”强调了沉默的价值，与文章内容不符，故错误。 [语篇脉络] 答案：1.The meanings of silence varies among cultural groups 2.native Americans，some traditional Chinese，and Thai persons 3.in other ways 4.The fuctions of the possible meanings of silence A Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to pile on the pounds，new research has revealed. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 27 The study found a link between blue light exposure (blue light is produced by smartphones and computers) and increased hunger.It found that exposure to blue light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels after eating a meal.Blue light exposure has also already been shown to cause decreased sleepiness in the evening，increasing the risk of sleeplessness. The leading researcher，Ivy Cheung，from Northwestern University in Chicago，said，“A single threehour exposure to blueenriched light in the evening greatly affected hunger and metabolism (新陈代谢)．These results are important because they suggest that controlling environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel approach of influencing food intake patterns and metabolism.” The study group consisted of 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules.They completed a fourday trial under dim (昏暗的) light conditions，which involved exposure to less than 20 lux (勒克斯，照明单位) during 16 hours awake and less than 3 lux during eight hours of sleep.On the third day they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux，blueenriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up，and the effects were compared with dim light exposure. Ivy Cheung said more research is needed to determine the functions involved in the relationship between light exposure，hunger and metabolism. 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How blue light exposure affects hunger. B．Why blue light exposure influences sleepiness. C．What is the link between blue light exposure，hunger and sleepiness. D．Who has found the effects of blue light exposure on hunger and sleepiness. 2．The underlined word “novel” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”． A．unusual B．unforgettable C．temporary D．controversial 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Blue light exposure can make us lose weight at night. B．Blue light exposure has no effect on sleeplessness. C．The researchers drew their conclusion by comparison. D．Ivy Cheung has found the relationship between light exposure and hunger. 4．Where would you be most likely to find the passage? A．On a notice board. B．In a health magazine. C．On a business website. D．In a college newspaper. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。文章介绍了一个科学试验的结果，晚上用智能手机和电脑会让人长胖。因为智能 手机和电脑所产生的蓝色光会增加人的饥饿感和失眠的情况。 1．解析：选 C。段落大意题。研究发现蓝色光照射(智能手机和电脑所产生的蓝色光)会增加人的饥饿和失眠的情况。与 C 选项的意思一致。 故选 C。 2．解析：选 A。词义推测题。该词所在的句子的意思是：这些结果表明，人为地控制周围的光照可能代表食物摄入量模式和对代谢有影响的 一种新方法。unusual“不同寻常的”；unforgettable“难忘的”；temporary“暂时的”；controversial“有争议的”。 3．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的试验内容和方法，尤其是最后的“...and the effects were compared with dim light exposure” 可知，研究者是通过对比的方法来得出结论的。 4．解析：选 B。推理判断题。本文与人的健康有关，最有可能在一本关于健康的杂志上找到这样的报道。on a notice board 通告板；on a business website 商务网站；in a college newspaper 一张大学的报纸。结合常识可知，选 B。 B Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games after beating Kazakhstan's Almaty to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics. Following a closeddoor vote by International Olympic Committee(IOC) members，President Thomas Bach announced that Beijing is the winner of 2022 Winter Olympics during the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur on Friday afternoon. With a fullyprepared final presentation by an allstar team，Beijing has successfully convinced the committee members that the 2008 Olympics host city is a more favored candidate for the Winter Games. The highpowered delegation assured IOC members that Beijing was the safe choice because it had already proved it could stage the Games and said it would take winter sports into the backyard of the world's most populated country. Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a letter of appreciation to President Thomas Bach on Friday evening，expressing thanks 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 28 to IOC for its trust and support in selecting Beijing together with Zhangjiakou as the host of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. The British Olympic Association (BOA) congratulated Beijing on winning the bid and believed the Chinese capital will host a “great” Winter Olympics. The capital promises a sustainable(可持续的) Olympics by taking full advantage of existing venues.And it will take a series of measures to deal with air pollution for a successful 2022 Games. Bid officials said winning the hosting rights for the 2022 Winter Olympics will fuel regional integration between Beijing， Tianjin and Hebei Province，especially on transportation，air pollution control and tourism. 5．Which of the following is right according to the passage? A．Beijing is the only city to host 2022 Winter Olympics. B．Beijing is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. C．Beijing is the winner of 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Kuala Lumpur. D．IOC members held an opendoor meeting to vote for the winner to host the Winter Olympic Games. 6．What is the meaning of the underlined word “stage” in the third paragraph? A．Floor B．Level C．Celebrate D．Organize 7．What will Beijing do in order to host a successful 2022 Games? A．Beijing will prepare an allstar team to welcome the guests all over the world. B．Beijing will fuel regional integration between Beijing，Tianjin and Hebei Province. C．Beijing will make full use of the existing stadiums and deal with air pollution. D．Beijing will make itself more beautiful to attract the tourists all over the world. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Beijing wins both Summer and Winter Games. B．BOA congratulated Beijing on winning the bid. C．Allstar team helps Beijing. D．Beijing wins 2022 Winter Games bid. 5．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知正确选项为 B。 易错提醒：本题易误选 A：北京是举办 2022 年冬奥会的唯一城市。此选项错在“唯一”上，因为北京在举办 2022 年冬奥会的时候，还有张 家口协办。 6．解析：选 D。词义猜测题。根据句子 The highpowered delegation assured IOC members that Beijing was the safe choice because it had already proved it could stage the Games and said it would take winter sports into the backyard of the world's most populated country.可知此处的 stage 是动词“组织”的意思。 7．解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知选项 C 符合题意。 8．解析：选 D。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了北京申办 2022 年冬奥会成功的事。故选 D。 易错提醒：本题易误选 A。北京确实是成功申办夏季和冬季奥运会的国家，但本文重点讲述的是成功申办了冬奥会。 C Fall air temperatures have climbed to record levels in the Arctic due to major losses of sea ice as the region suffers more effects from a warming trend dating back decades，a report released on Thursday showed. The annual report issued by researchers at the U．S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other experts is the latest to paint a dire picture of the impact of climate change in the Arctic.It found that fall air temperatures are at a record 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees C) above normal in the Arctic because of the major loss of sea ice in recent years that allows more solar heating of the ocean.That warming of the air and ocean impacts land and marine life and cuts the amount of winter sea ice that lasts into the following summer，according to the report. In addition，wild reindeer and caribou herds appear to be declining in numbers，according to the report.The report also noted melting of surface ice in Greenland.“Changes in the Arctic show a domino effect(多米诺效应) from multiple causes more clearly than in other regions，” James Overland，an oceanographer at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle one of the authors of the report，said in a statement.“It's a sensitive system and often reflects changes in relatively fast and dramatic ways.” Researchers at the National Snow and Ice Data Center，part of the University of Colorado，reported last month that Arctic sea ice melted to its secondlowest level this summer.The 2008 season，those researchers said，strongly reinforces a 30year downward trend in Arctic ice extent－34 percent below the longterm average from 1979 to 2000，but 9 percent above the record low set in 2007.Last year was the warmest on record in the Arctic，continuing a regionwide warming trend dating to the mid1960s.Most experts 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 29 blame climate change on human activities spewing socalled greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 9．According to the passage the following can be affected by the warming of the air and ocean EXCEPT ． A．land life B．marine life C．the amount of winter sea ice D．rising of the world's population 10．We can infer from the third paragraph that ． A．climate changes in the Arctic are the worst B．few wild animals suffer the effect of changes C．Arctic sea ice melted to its secondlowest level D．effects of climate changes are reflected quickly 11．The passage mainly talks about ． A．Arctic air temperatures B．melting of sea ice C．global climate warming D．the domino effect 9．解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知。 10．解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知 D 项正确。 11．解析：选 A。主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句便告诉我们主题：北冰洋的空气气温达到记录水平。 D Even the hardest days contain lessons that will help you be a better person.Feeling down？Consider these things to remember when you're having a bad day. No one promised life would be perfect.If you look for perfection，you'll never be content.Don't condition your happiness on meeting every expectation you set for yourself.It is good to be ambitious，but you'll never be perfect.If you expect otherwise， your life will be filled with disappointments. Success doesn't happen overnight.Trees that are slow to grow bear the best fruit．Don't kid yourself into thinking success will come quickly.It isn't easy to be patient，but anything worth doing requires time.If you get frustrated，remind yourself why your goal is important. There is a lesson in every struggle.And once the storm is over，you won't remember how you made it through or how you managed to survive.But one thing is certain.When you come out of the storm，you won't be the same person who walked in.That's what this storm's all about.Don't complain about how terrible your life is.If you search for the lesson in your present struggle，you'll be able to make positive changes that would prevent similar situations in the future. Without hard times，you wouldn't appreciate the good ones.Strength does not come from winning.Your struggles develop your strengths.When you go through hardships and decide not to give in，that is strength.It is hard to find much to smile about when you fail，but how else would you improve yourself？If you look at failure as a part of your evolutionary process，you'll stay positive and pursue your goals for as long as it takes. 12．Which of the following is the best title of this passage? A．Every person has to go through hard times B．We can learn a lot from our struggles C．We should accept the fact that life is not perfect D．Things to remember when you are having a bad day 13．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Success will come quickly. B．Hard work leads to success. C．Success calls for patience. D．Confidence is the first step to success. 14．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ． A．lessons from struggles make us stronger B．all things are difficult before they are easy C．we should forget how we managed to survive D．similar situations in the future will never appear 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 30 15．What can we infer from Paragraph 5? A．Hard times make us lose heart and be short of courage. B．Perseverance in time of hardships develops our strengths. C．Smiles when you fail will not help to improve yourself. D．We should try to avoid failures in the evolutionary process. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。人在失意时要记住几件事：1.生活本来就不完美；2.成功不是一蹴而就的；3.困 难让我们成长；4.没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。 12．解析：选 D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Consider these things to remember when you're having a bad day.”可知，本段的最 佳题目是告诉我们当我们在不愉快的日子里要记得去考虑下面的这些事。故选 D。 13．解析：选 C。句意推测题。本段的大意是 Success doesn't happen overnight.意为“成功不是一朝一夕的事，但值得去做的任何事情都 需要时间，要有耐心。”故选 C。 14．解析：选 A。段落大意题。本段的意思是：要从困难挣扎中吸取教训，做积极的改变，就是让我们变得强大。故选 A。 15．解析：选 B。推理判断题。本段的意思是：没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。困难才能让人学会坚强，不是成功。Perseverance in time of hardships develops our strengths.“困难时期毅力激发我们的力量。”故选 B。 第六节 画龙点睛——勾勒篇章结构 《考试说明》：指出考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主 题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段 与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类 比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。 [设题方式——知方向] 1．结构识辨：此类题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 常见的题干表述方式如下： How is the text organized? The author develops the passage mainly by ． The text is mainly developed in the order of ． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 2．组织结构功能：此类题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能和作用。 其常见的题干表述方式如下： The author quoted...words in the...paragraph in order to make the article ． The first paragraph serves as a(n) ． The example of...is given to show/illustrate that ． 3．结构推测：此类题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。 其常见的题干表述方式如下： What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? [解题技巧——明方法] 1．记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序(开端、发展、高潮、结局)等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以 不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。 2．议论文总体上可以分为四类： 第一类，“提出论点→分论点一→分论点二→分论点三……→结论”； 第二类，“引入段→导出论点→分点论述→结论”； 第三类，“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”； 第四类，“提出反面观点→批驳反面观点→提出正面观点”。 3．说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清 晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 31 4．了解文章结构的组织形式。 从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独 立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 1．结构的推进不按同一线索 2．人为拆解同一意群的句子、段落 3．按次要线索分析文章脉络 篇章结构与文章主旨相辅相成，为了抓住文章主旨，有必要弄清文章结构；同理，抓住了文章主旨，有利于文章结构的梳理。 (2016·高考北京卷阅读理解 D) Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades，however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media，have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community (群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community. Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and selfregulation, of the necessary tension between safety and selfdiscovery. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇议论文。大学生走出了家门，还没有进入社会，因此他们的大学时期应该是从受家庭庇护到拥有自主性和承担起成年人的职责的 一个过渡时期。但是随着手机等社交传媒的应用，大学生依旧受到家庭的管制和庇护。作者针对这一问题发表了自己的看法，探讨了校方应该如 何处理。 67．What's the author's attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 32 解析：选 B。推理判断题。第一段中作者提到大学期间应该让学生培养自主性，让他们向成年人的身份转变，但是如今的大学生没有肩负起 成年人的职责；第二段中作者分析了原因，指出这是因为家长在孩子读大学之后还通过手机、邮件等方式帮助上大学的子女，结果，大学就成了 与家庭一样的环境。由此可推知，作者对于这种现象是不赞成的，故选 B 项。 68．The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ． A．change B．choice C．text D．extension 解析：选 A。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的前后语境可知，此处指把大学阶段作为从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人职 责的“转变”，故选 A 项 change。 69．According to the author，what role should college play? A．To develop a shared identity among students. B．To define and regulate students' social behavior. C．To provide a safe world without tension for students. D．To foster students' intellectual and personal development. 解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大学教育应该尝试新的方法培养学生在思维方面和个性方面的发展，故 D 项正确。由第四 段内容可知，学生如果依靠管理方来规范他们的社交行为和思维模式，就不能面对在一个更大和复杂的社交环境中寻找自己的身份带来的挑战， 故排除 A 项(应该是鼓励他们 finding an identity)；由第五段内容可知，大学监管和塑造学生的行为表现会引起学生的反感，故排除 B 项； 最后一段说，大学在社会价值、风尚和行为规范方面的讨论应该包括对学生自治和自我规范的发展的重要性的认识、对安全和自我发现之间 必要的紧张关系的认识，故排除 C 项。 70．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Subpoint(次要点) C: Conclusion 解析：选 C。文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一、二段起到以目前大学教育现状导入的作用，第三段是第一个主要点(大学教育应该尝试新的 方法培养学生在思维方面和个性方面的发展)，第四段是第二个主要点(培养学生的社会实践能力)，第五、六段是第二个主要点的次要点，第七段 是结论(大学探讨应该包括意识到培养学生自主性、自我规范等方面的重要性)。 A A month after Hurricane Katrina，I returned home in New Orleans.There lay my house，reduced to waisthigh rains，smelly and dirty.Before the trip，I’d had my car fixed.When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill，she noticed my Louisiana license plate.“Are you from New Orleans？” she asked.I said I was. “No charge，” she said，and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet.The next day I went for a haircut，and the same thing happened. As my wife was studying in Florida，we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage(抵押贷款)on our ruined house.We looked at many places，but none was satisfactory.We’d begun to accept that we’d have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while，when I got a very curious email from a James Kennedy in California.He’ d read some pieces I’d written about our sufferings for State， an online magazine and wanted to give us(“no conditions attached”)a new house across the lake from New Orleans.It sounded too good to be true，but I replied，thanking him for his exceptional generosity，that we had no plans to go back.Then a poet of the University of Florida offered to let his house to us while he went to England on his oneyearpaid leave.The rent was rather reasonable.I mentioned the poet’s offer to James Kennedy，and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 33 Throughout this painful experience，the kindness of strangers backs my faith in humanity.It’s almost worth losing your worldly possessions to be reminded that people really want to be kind when given a chance. 1．Which one shows the right time order? ①James Kennedy sent us a check. ②A poet offered his house to us. ③Our home was reduced to ruins. ④The garage employee charged us nothing. ⑤James Kennedy offered a new house from New Orleans. A．④③⑤①② B．③④⑤②① C．④③⑤②① D．③④⑤①② 2．What do you know about James Kennedy? A．He was a friend of the writer. B．He offered the writer a house in California. C．He worked for an online magazine. D．He was concerned about the writer’s sufferings. 3．It can be inferred from the passage that ． A．the mortgage on the ruined house didn’t need to be paid off B．the house rents in New Orleans were reasonable after the hurricane C．the writer rebuilt his faith in humanity by losing his worldly possessions D．the writer made it through the painful period with people’s kindness 4．How is the passage developed? A．By showing contrasting facts. B．By making classification. C．By giving examples. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 1．解析：选 B。可以通过确定③和④以及②和①的先后顺序来确定答案。 2．解析：选 D。根据第三段中的 He’d read some pieces I’d written about our sufferings for State，an online...可知选 D。 3．解析：选 D。根据最后一段可知选 D。 4．解析：选 C。作者是列举了飓风之后发生的一系列事实来叙述的。 B You signed up for soccer，and played every game of the season.Sure，you’re not the best player on the team，but most days you gave it your all.Do you deserve a trophy(奖杯)? If the decision is up to Carol Dweck，the answer would likely be no.She’s a psychology professor at Stanford University， California.She says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy.But those who receive an award should have to work for it.She suggests trophies go to the most improved player，or the one who contributed most to the team spirit，as well as to those who play the best. “The trophy has to stand for something，”Dweck told TFK.“If we give a trophy to everyone，then the award has no value.” Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons，such as improving in a sport，teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best. Others say that there’s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport，regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved. “I think we should encourage kids’participation in sports，” says Kenneth Barish，a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College，in New York City.“A trophy is one way to encourage kids’efforts.” Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy，we are teaching kids the wrong lesson.We are sending the message that winning is everything.“Winning is only part of the equation(等式)，” Barish told TFK. “Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.” “There will be plenty of opportunity for kids to learn about competition as they get older，”says Barish.They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl.For now，he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners.That means trophies for everyone. 5．According to Carol Dweck，which player should receive a trophy? A．Tony，the most attractive player of the soccer team. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 34 B．David，a soccer player who is both clever and funny. C．Peter，who is ready to help his partners to score goals. D．Jim，a soccer player who tries his best to win the game. 6．The underlined phrase “single out” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ”． A．honour B．choose C．value D．stress 7．Which shows the correct structure of the text? 【解题导语】 如果孩子参加体育比赛，那么是不是每个人都该得到奖杯呢？文章就这个问题给出了两种不同的看法。 5．解析：选 C。根据第二段可知，斯坦福大学的心理学教授 Carol Dweck 认为，获奖的运动员未必是最好的运动员。她认为，进步最大的、 对团队精神贡献最多的和表现最佳的运动员都应获奖。故 C 项正确。 6．解析：选 B。根据第六段可知，Barish 认为，当我们挑选出最佳球员或进步最大的球员并授予他们奖杯的时候，我们给孩子们传递了一个 错误的信号：获胜就是一切。因此画线的短语“single out”意为“挑出”。 7．解析：选 B。本文的第一段为导语，导入讨论的话题。第二、三段陈述了斯坦福大学的心理学教授 Carol Dweck 的主要观点：反对人人获 奖。下文(第四段至第七段)陈述的是纽约市威尔康乃尔医学院的心理学教授 Kenneth Barish 的观点，即赞成人人获奖。因此 B 项清晰地展示了本 文的结构。 C According to a new US study，couples who expect their children to look after them in old age should hope they have daughters because daughters are twice as attentive as sons overall. The research by Angelina Grigoryeva，from Princeton University，found that，while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage，men do as little as they can get away with and often leave it to female family members. Her analysis of the family networks of 26，000 old Americans concluded that gender (性别) is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents. In a paper presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco，she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care. Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study，a study which has been tracking a crosssection of over 50s for the last decade，she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5.6 hours. “Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister，while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.” “This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters.” In the UK，the 2011 Census showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities，a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade. But many are doing so at the risk of their health.The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a fulltime job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts who are not carers. 8．According to the passage，what's the most important factor to predict if people will actively care for the elderly? A．Education. B．Gender. C．Career. D．Income. 9．The US study finds that ． A．having a sister makes men less likely to look after their parents B．sons are twice as likely as daughters to care for parents in old age C．sons and daughters seem to give equal care to their parents D．sons are unwilling to leave caregiving responsibilities to their sisters 10．What does the author stress in the last paragraph? A．People should give up their job to care for the elderly. B．Many care providers work longer hours than others. C．Many care providers have potential health problems. D．People shouldn't pass on caring responsibilities to others. 11．The author develops the text by ． A．explaining social networks of careers 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 35 B．describing people's experiences C．comparing different gender behavior D．analyzing various researches and data 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在照顾年迈的父母方面，性别差异影响着子女照顾父母时间的长短。其中，女儿比儿子更愿 意付出时间照料年迈的父母。家中有姐妹的男士常常将照看老人的责任推给其姐妹。但是很多承担照顾老人的责任的子女自身都有潜在的健康问 题。 8．解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...concluded that gender(性别)is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.”可知，预测人们是否会主动照顾老年人的最主要因素是性别。故选 B。 9．解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据第四段“In a paper...in San Francisco，she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care.”可知，美国社会学家 Angelina Grigoryeva 得出结论，家中有姐妹的男士对父母的照顾可能会更少，与 A 项内容一致，故 A 项正确。 10．解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段主题句“But many are doing so at the risk of their health.”及下文可知，在最后一段 作者着重指出很多护理提供者都有潜在的健康问题。故选 C。 11．解析：选 D。写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者在第三、五、八段给出了研究的数据，接着在相应数据段落的下一段分析得出结论。由 此可推知，这篇文章是以分析各种研究和数据得出相关结论的写作手法展开的。故选 D。 D Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence－and a notsogood influence－on this generation of American teenagers.More than 2，000 teachers took an online survey.Threequarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a “mostly positive” effect on their students' research habits and skills.But 64 percent said the technologies “do more to distract (使……分心) students than to help them academically.” And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an “easily distracted generation with short attention spans.” The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project.Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a coauthor of the report.Ms.Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster.“Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging.Young people favor these tools.The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content，and not just sort of consumers.” But one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacy.They trust too much of the information they find on the Internet.Judy says these students haven't developed the skills to determine the quality of online information. “It's something that really has to be taught and paid attention to，because in a world in which things happen quickly，you do need to step back， reflect and analyze the information you have.” Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online.Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers.They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries. Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities. 12．The text mainly tells us ． A．all the students use digital tools B．the Internet is playing a key role C．teachers encourage using digital tools D．digital tools bring about benefits and problems 13．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①＝Para.1，②＝Para.2，③＝Para.3，④＝Para.4，⑤＝Para.5) 14．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means ． A．students do not have the right digital tools B．students do not always have access to the Internet C．students haven't the ability to adjust themselves D．students can't judge online information properly 15．Some students don't tend to work hard because ． 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 36 A．they can get answers on the Internet quickly B．printed books and libraries around aren't enough C．the Internet can't make students concentrate D．they can copy each others' work without being punished 12．解析：选 D。主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了调查的结果“Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence－and a notsogood influence－on this generation of American teenagers.”然后在下文再进行详细的叙述，故答案选 D。 13．解析：选 A。篇章结构题。文章开门见山提出主题，然后在第二段讲述电子产品所带来的好处，而其余三段都是介绍电子产品可能造成 的问题，故 A 选项正确。 14．解析：选 D。句意猜测题。根据后面的句子“It's something that really has to be taught and paid attention to，because in a world in which things happen quickly，you do need to step back，reflect and analyze the information you have.”可知画线句子的意 思是：学生对于在线信息没有很好的判断能力。故答案选 D。 15．解析：选 A。细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，学生们不努力学习是因为他们可以很快从网上找到答案。故答案为 A 。 第七节 瞻前顾后——妙解阅读填空 《考试说明》对七选五阅读填空题命题目的的表述为：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 该题型不同于常规阅读题型的考查形式。它是一篇 240～340 词的文章，文中留有 5 处空白，文章后面设置 7 个选项，其中有 2 个选项为多余 选项。选项中常常包含文章标题或段落标题，段落主题句和总结句以及文段内的顺承句、递进句式或者因果句。 [设题方式——知方向] 1．体裁以说明文为主，话题贴近考生生活 2．突出对“篇章结构”的整体理解 重在理解文章整体结构、确定逻辑关系和关联结构。 3．侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力 要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，以及辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力。 [解题技巧——明方法] 六大解题步骤 1．步骤一：快速浏览七选项，初步确定位置 通常有四个位置：标题、句首、句中、句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中排除， 以降低难度。 2．步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁 一般为说明文或议论文。 (1)说明文：常采用总——分——总的结构形式。第一段介绍要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多 是平行关系，经常运用举例说明的写作手法。 (2)议论文：先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。 3．步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出主题句 (1)分析整篇文章的段落层次。说明文和议论文每段的第一句多是主题句。所选句子必须和该段主题一致。 (2)分析段落内部层次。要真正体会句际间关系，把握作者思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。 4．步骤四：寻找句中衔接标志词 文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义词表达，用总称指代具体事 物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。 5．步骤五：比对相似项。 七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空白处的选择构成干扰，要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和解答阅读理解时区分相 似选项一样。 6．步骤六：检查答案是否合理 将所选答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思 路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。 [干扰特点——晓陷阱] 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 37 1．未能把握文章中心 2．对段落的起承转合理解不清 3．抓不住语句的关键之处 4．不能理解句际间的关系 5．对语句之间的关联词认识不清 解题三要素 ①分析篇章结构。把握全篇文脉是七选五的关键所在。对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，理出文章的中心，搞清楚句与句、段与 段之间的逻辑关系。 ②把握写作思路。从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。根据句子意思分出层次，如承接、并列、层进关系等。 ③理解句际间含义。重点关注句际间的关联词、逻辑性插入语，结合段落中的连接语作出判断。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 38 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2016·高考全国乙卷)[1]Secret codes (密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer. [2]People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. [3]There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” [4] 38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” [5]A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 39 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message“Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”． 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language，some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。文中作者给我们介绍了三种 主要类型的密码学，让我们一起来领略这门神秘科学的魅力吧！ 36．解析：选 D。解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了”，空格后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”， 由此语境可知选 D 项“只要有过的密码，人们就试图破解”。本设空类型为过渡句类。 37．解析：选 E。解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空格后举例中的 the first letters 可锁定 E 项中的 the first letters。代入后，E 项“你 可以隐藏一条信息，通过每个单词的首字母来把它拼写出来”符合语境，故为答案。本设空类型为过渡句类。 38．解析：选 G。解本题可用关联逻辑法。前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二 种，故锁定 G 项中的 Another way to ...。本设空类型为段落主题句类。 39．解析：选 F。解本题可用词汇锁定法。空格前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，由 a code book 可锁定 F 项中的 With a code book。F 项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。本设空类型为过渡句类。 40．解析：选 A。解本题可用词汇锁定法。分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此可锁定 A 项“没有密码本很难破解密码”， 这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确定为答案。本设空类型为过渡句类。 [语篇脉络] 答案：1.Secret codes keep messages private 2.have a long history 3.There are three main types of cryptography A When you want to learn something，it's likely that you're going to find the learning process to be much harder than you imagine.So you're going to be disappointed about yourself.However，you can't let the disappointment keep you from your end goal. 1. The following tips will help you. It won't last. If you continue to push yourself，despite the disappointment，you're going to find you get through things quite quickly.2. The more you ignore it and continue to persevere，the sooner the emotion disappears，which will get 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 39 replaced with a sense of accomplishment. 3． It's easy to look at some people who start to learn a new skill at the same time when you do and think that they're picking things up so much faster than you，and regard this as a sign that you're not meant to pick up that skill.You shouldn't have this thought.Maybe the person who you admire has dealt with difficulty of their own.Instead，you should continuously remind yourself that everyone learns at their own pace and encourage yourself not to quit. Look for other possible methods.Sometimes there's an alternative way of doing something.If you've been working on something， such as learning to ride a horse，for a long period of time，try changing some instructions of disciplines.If you're writing a book， join a different club，or start a new project.4. There's no shame in using a back door to get through the front after you've been struggling with a situation for an extended period of time. Learn to love the process.Life is about the journey，not just the end result.Next time you set out to learn something new， don't only remember the idea of being a success and mastering whatever skill you want to develop.Instead，focus on each stage and appreciate the whole learning process.5. A．Don't judge yourself against others. B．Never be afraid of turning to others for help. C．This will reduce the amount of disappointment you experience. D．And you need to learn how to overcome it. E．In general，disappointment exists for a short period. F．This way，you'll find yourself living a very narrow life. G．Then see if that helps. 1．解析：选 D。从下文的 It 可知，要代指选项中的单数或不可数名词。此处指代上句的 disappointment。 2．解析：选 E。下句的 it 代指选项中的 disappointment。另由下句意义可知失望存在的时间不长。 3．解析：选 A。选项中的 others 代指后句的 some people 和 they。 4．解析：选 G。选项中的 that 代指前面提到的 If 所在句子的两件事之一。 5．解析：选 C。选项中的 this 代指前句句意，同时上句的 appreciate 和选项中的 reduce the amount of disappointment 相呼应。 B Instagram(抓拍神器)is a game.Getting likes and followers is no easy task.My sister routinely breaks 150 likes on Instagram， no sweat，because she just gets it.6. Here's what to do and，more importantly，what not to do. 1．7. You can't post photos optionally.Think of it like stealing grapes at the grocery store when a clerk isn't watching.So when do you actually post？Sunday evening is “prime time” for likes，because “everyone is bored and not doing homework.” I guess that applies to the real world too! When not to post? Mornings! The likes are “strange and sporadic(零散的)．” 2．Also，don't post too much. I don't care how much you're feeling your look. 8. This isn't a buffet; we want a very small piece of your life.Remember，“You can't give the people too much or they will pass their eyes over it quickly.” If you're posting three to four times a week，others may “reevaluate your life”．I see no lies！！！ 3．But if it is a big week in your life，feel free to post more than usual. Of course，there's always the exception to the rule. 9. The social media shouldn't punish you for having a lot going on! Just remember to take it easy after. 4．10. •Be “natural and fun”． •Selfies are “not to be taken seriously”． •Selfies should only be when you have a good one. A．Selfies have strict rules. B．Wait a while before Selfies again. C．Timing is everything. D．No one needs to see eight pictures from your date night out. E．After all，Instagram was meant to record important moments in your life. F．Just make sure you post afterwards and let the people want more. G．Thankfully she was able to take time out of her busy schedule and break down the science of Instagram for us “old” folk. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 40 6．解析：选 G。上句的 My sister 和选项中的 she 和 her 指的是一个人。 7．解析：选 C。段首句，注意与本文其他段首句格式一致。从本段中的 Sunday evening is“prime time”可知，“时机就是一切。” 8．解析：选 D。上句的 your look 和选项中的 your date 一致。 9．解析：选 E。选项中的 after all 表示让步。 10．解析：选 A。从下面的 selfies 可知。故选 A。 C A strong vocabulary helps develop understanding，communication，and reading ability.11. Consider the following tips on helping your child develop an impressive vocabulary： Let Your Child Tell the Story Perhaps you read nightly to your child or take turns doing so.Of course，this is an excellent way to expand reading and vocabulary skills.12. Then，let your child charge the end of the rope of his imagination wherever his imagination leads. 13． In short，you need to take an active role.If you want your children's language skills to improve，take their vocabulary questions seriously.When they express curiosity about a word，be sure to teach the correct definition and pronunciation. Correct Mistakes with Care 14． However，it's essential not to scold them when they make such mistakes.Rather，point out what they got right， and then review the proper way to use and or speak the word.The more fun and positive an experience，the more interested and able your children will be in expanding their vocabulary. Do Be Patient You may need to repeat words and meanings many times before your child fully grasps the concept.This is completely normal.15. Children develop at their own paces.The most important thing is to honor and balance their needs so that learning doesn't become struggle.While you want them to get ahead，you don't want them to develop pressure with trying to do so. A．Try Your Best to Correct Them B．Pay More Attention to Your Kid's Vocabulary C．It's natural for children to mispronounce or misuse new words. D．It's important for children to mispronounce new words while learning. E．That's why parents should do what they can to help kids learn new words. F．Further，if your neighbor's child has twice the vocabulary yours does，it's not worth stressing over. G．However，on occasion，feel free to put the book down and ask your child to create a story to tell you. 【解题导语】 本文主要对如何丰富孩子的词汇量提出了一些建议。 11．解析：选 E。根据后句 Consider the following tips on helping your child develop an impressive vocabulary 可知是关于父母帮 助孩子记忆词汇方面的。故 E 符合上下文。 12．解析：选 G。根据小标题 Let Your Child Tell the Story 和后句 Then，let your child charge the end of the rope of his imagination wherever his imagination leads.可知答案为 G。 13．解析：选 B。根据下段中 If you want your children's language skills to improve，take their vocabulary questions seriously. 可知答案为 B。 14．解析：选 C。根据后句 However，it's essential not to scold them when they make such mistakes.的提示可知答案为 C。 15．解析：选 F。根据前句 You may need to repeat words and meanings many times before your child fully grasps the concept.This is completely normal.可知答案为 F。 D Some people get pleasure from picnics and tours.Others like to discuss various topics and find pleasure in it.But the reading of books provides us with such pleasure as we do not get from any other activity. Books are written by learned people.They contain the best experiences and thoughts of their writers.Writers put in their books not only their own ideas and feelings，but also what they observe and find in society. 16. If we are in a cheerful mood，our joy is increased by reading. 17. They provide us with the best advice and guidance in our difficulties.Indeed，books are our best friends as they help us in our hour of need. 18． They entertain us in our spare moments. Good novels，books on poetry and short stories，give us great enjoyment.At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important arrangements.Loneliness is no trouble for a reader. 19． They give us sound moral advice.It is through the reading of books that we learn what to love and what to hate.The reading of good books develops and improves our character. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 41 It was the English author Bacon who said that reading makes a full man.No one can question the truth of this saying. 20. Some books are such that instead of doing any good，they do harm to the readers.So it is the reading of good books alone that presents us the greatest benefit. A．Books keep us wellinformed. B．Books contain grains of wisdom. C．When we are alone，books are our best friends. D．Books enable us to know the best of the colorful world. E．When we are in a depressed mood，books comfort our troubled minds. F．But we cannot get full advantage from reading，if our choice is not good. G．By reading books written by great thinkers，we come in contact with their minds. 【解题导语】 一些人从野餐和旅游中获得乐趣，另一些人喜欢讨论不同的话题并从中找到乐趣，但是读书能让我们获得无与伦比的快乐。 16．解析：选 G。由空前的“Books are written by learned people”“Writers put in their books not only their own ideas and feelings， but also what they observe and find in society”可知 G 项“通过阅读伟大的思想者写的书，我们能与他们的思想交流”符合语境。 17．解析：选 E。根据上文中的“If we are in a cheerful mood，our joy is increased by reading”及下文中的“They provide us with the best advice and guidance in our difficulties”“help us in our hour of need”可知，接下来要说的是一种与前面相反的情况，故 E 项“When we are in a depressed mood，books comfort our troubled minds.”符合语境。 18．解析：选 C。本段中的“Loneliness is no trouble for a reader”暗示本空选 C 项“当我们独自一人时，书是我们最好的朋友”。 19．解析：选 B。空后讲的都是读书的好处，总结起来就是：读书能给人以智慧，故选 B。 20．解析：选 F。空前说的是读书的好处，空后说的却是一些书对读者有害，故空处要填一个能起承上启下作用的句子，只有 F 项符合语境。