专题05介词短语-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题05介词短语-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题 05 介词短语 关键词：介词短语搭配，介词短语辨析，常见介词的搭配。‎ 难度系数：✱✱✱✱‎ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳： ‎ 介词短语也是高考的必考考点之一，常见的考查方式主要是：‎ ‎1.对介词短语句法功能的考查。介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词短语有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。‎ ‎2. 对常用介词短语的辨析。介词常与动词、形容词、名词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词短语要重点进行区别整理。]]‎ ‎3. 对介词短语搭配的考查。介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义，这类题目应该不是太难。‎ 基础必读：‎ 一. 介词与某些词类的搭配 ‎1.名词与介词的固定搭配 ‎(1)常与to搭配的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，etc.‎ ‎(2)常与in搭配的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert, etc.‎ ‎(3)常与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation, etc.‎ 名词与介词搭配的常见短语有：‎ attention to对……的注意；devotion to 对……的奉献；a visit to 对……的访问；interest in对……的兴趣；comments on对……的评论；application for 对……的申请；an influence on对……的影响；confidence in对……的信心；contact with 与……取得联系 He should be admired for his devotion to improving education.‎ 他对改善教育做出的贡献应该得到赞扬。‎ ‎2.形容词与介词的固定搭配 ‎(1)与at搭配的形容词：afraid，angry，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened，etc.‎ ‎(2)与of搭配的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy，etc.‎ ‎(3)与with搭配的形容词：angry，strict，careful，busy，popular，etc.‎ ‎(4)与in搭配的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested， successful，etc. ‎ ‎(5)与to搭配的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，close，similar，due，etc.‎ ‎(6)与for搭配的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，etc.‎ ‎(7)与from搭配的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired，etc.‎ ‎(8)与about搭配的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful， sure，certain，etc.‎ 形容词与介词搭配的常见短语有：‎ nervous about 因……不安；successful in 在……方面很成功；dependent on依赖于……；responsible for 对……负责；absent from 缺席……；proud of 因……自豪；famous for 因……闻名；ashamed of 对……感到愧疚；loyal to 忠诚于……；harmful to 对……有害；popular with 受……欢迎 ‎3. 动词与介词的固定搭配 ‎1) rob her of her wallet / clear the road of snow(“夺去, 除去”意义的动词与of连用) ]‎ ‎2) supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用) ‎ ‎3) make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作, 制造”意义与of，from，into连用)‎ ‎4) 介词 ＋ the ＋ 部位与动词的关系(＝动词 ＋ sb.’s ＋ 部位)‎ strike him on the head (“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)‎ catch him by the arm (“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)‎ hit the boy in the face (“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用)‎ 动词与介词搭配的短语比较多，需要在平时的学习中慢慢积累。如：dream of 梦想；insist on 坚持；depend on 依靠；belong to 属于；lead to导致；deal with 处理；argue about 争论；call on 拜访；refer to 提到 The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.‎ 即使我告诉他我住在附近，那个人坚持要给我找一辆出租车。‎ 二. 常见介词to，at，on，in，from和for的常见搭配 ‎1. to的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + … + to …‎ A. 动词 + to：‎ adjust to“适应”， attend to“处理；照料”，amount to“加起来达……”， belong to“属于”， come to“达到”，drink to“为……干杯”，get to“到达”，happen to“发生在……”，hold to“紧握”， lend to“借给”，listen to，occur to“想起”，object to“反对”，point to“指向”，see to“照料， 料理”，respond to“回复；反应”， refer to“查阅”，reply to“回答”，stick to“坚持”，turn to“求助”，etc.‎ B. 动词（+sth）+ to + sb：‎ announce to“通知某人”，describe to“向某人描述”，explain to“向某人解释”， express to“向某人表达”，mention to“对某人提起”，nod to“对某人点头”，report to“向某人报告”，say to“对某人说”， shout to对某人喊叫，suggest to“向某人建议”，speak to“对某人说”，talk to“告诉某人”， whisper to“和某人低声耳语”，etc.‎ C. 动词 + sth / sb + to + sth / sb：‎ add to“加到……”，compare to“比作”， devote to“致力于”， introduce to“介绍给”，invite to“邀请参加”，join to“连接到”，leave to“委托给”，reduce to“下降至”，sentence to“判处”，etc.‎ ‎② be + 形容词 / 过去分词 + to：]‎ be alive to“觉察；晓得”， be awake to“知晓”，be blind to“缺乏眼光”， be close to“紧挨着”，be common to“对某人来说很普通”，be contrary to“违反；反对”，be devoted to“致力于”，be deaf to“不愿意听”，be exposed to“暴露；遭受”，be fair to“对……公平”，be familiar to“为……所熟悉”， be grateful to“对某人心存感激”，be good to“对……有好处”，be harmful to“对……有危害”，be important to“对……重要”，be kind to“对……好心”， be known to“为……所熟知”，be married to“嫁给某人”， be necessary to“对……有必要”，be opposite to“在对面”， be opposed to“反对”，be pleasant to“合某人之意”， be proper to“专属”， be polite to“礼貌待人”，be rude to“粗暴对待”，be relative to“与……有关”，be strange to“不习惯”，be similar to“类似”， be suitable to“适合”， be thankful to“对……心存感激”，be useful to“对……有用”， be used to“习惯于”，etc.‎ ‎③ to + 名词：‎ to a degree“在某种程度上”，to date“到现在为止”， to one’s feet“跳起来”， to one’s mind“照……看来”，to one’s surprise“令某人惊奇”， to one’s taste“符合胃口”，to oneself“独自享用”，to order“订做”，to the letter“不折不扣地”，to the point“中肯地”，etc.‎ ‎2. at的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + at：‎ arrive at“到达”, call at“访问某地”，catch at (it)“当场抓住”， fire at“瞄准”, glance at“瞥一眼”, glare at“怒视”, grieve at“忧伤”， knock at“敲门”, laugh at“嘲笑”, look at“看”, pull at“拉扯”，rejoice at“因……高兴”， smile at“朝……微笑”, shoot at“朝……射击”, stare at“盯着看”, thrust at“刺向”，tear at“撕”，tremble at“颤抖”， wonder at“对……感到吃惊”，etc.‎ ‎② be + 形容词 / 过去分词 + at：‎ be angry at, be alarmed at“对……保持警觉”， be astonished at“对……感到惊讶”, be bad at“对……有害”, be clever at“对某事很灵巧”， be delighted at“高兴”， be disgusted at“厌恶”， be disappointed at“对……失望”， be good at“擅长”， be impatient at“对……不够耐心”， be mad at“狂热于”， be pleased at“对……感到高兴”， be present at“出席”， be satisfied at“满意”， be surprised at“对……感到惊奇” be shocked at“对……感到震惊” be terrified at“对……感到害怕”，etc.‎ ‎③ at + 名词：‎ at a distance（of）“在多远的地方” ， at a loss“不知所措; 困惑”， at a time“依次；每次”， at all“根本; 简直”， at any cost“无论如何; 不惜代价” ， at best“最多，充其量”， at first“首先”， at hand“手头”， at heart“在内心里”， at home“在家”， at last“最后”， at least“至少”， at most“最多”， at once“立刻”， at present“现在”，etc.‎ ‎3. on的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + … on …‎ A. 动词 + on：‎ act on“对……有作用”， bring on“使出现; 使发作”， call on“号召，拜访”, count on“依赖，依靠”, carry on“继续”, depend on依赖, feed on“以…为食”, figure on“料想；推断”，go on“继续”, insist on“坚持”, keep on“继续”, lean on“依赖”， live on“以……为生”， pull on“迅速穿上”， put on, switch on“接通（电源）”， turn on“接通（电源）”， work on“从事于”, wait on“侍侯”，etc.‎ B. 动词 + sb（sth） + on + sb（sth）：‎ base on“以……为基础”, congratulate on“祝贺”, fix on“固定”， have mercy on ‎“对……同情”, have pity on“同情某人”, keep watch on“监视”, spend on“花费”，etc.‎ ‎② be + 形容词 + on：‎ be dependent on“依赖”，be hard on严格对待某人, be impressed on“对……印象深刻”， be keen on“渴望”， be strict on“对……严格”，etc.‎ ‎③ on + 名词：]‎ on board“乘（车、飞机）”， on call“听候召唤”， on duty, on earth, on fire“着火”， on foot“步行”, on guard“站岗; 防备”, on hire“受雇”， on holiday“度假”，etc.‎ ‎4. in的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + … + in …‎ A. 动词 + in：]‎ believe in“相信”, break in“闯入，打断”， bring in“引起；产生；带来”， call in“下令收回”， fill in“填写/满”, get in“收获”， hand in“上交”, involve in“涉及”， lie in“位于”, result in“导致”, share in“共享”， succeed in“成功”, take in“吸收；理解”, turn in“上交; 归还”‎ B. 动词 + sb / time / money + in：‎ help sb in“帮助某人”, spare time / money in“空出时间/金钱做……”, spend time / money in“花时间或金钱做……”,waste time / money in“浪费时间或金钱做……”‎ ‎② be + 形容词 + in：]‎ be active in“对……热心、积极”, be absorbed in“专心致志于”, be busy in“忙于”, be born in“出生于”, be concerned in“与……有关”, be clothed in“穿着”， be disappointed in“对……很失望”, be diligent in“勤于”， be experienced in“……方面有经验”, be employed in“任职于”， be engaged in“忙碌”， be expert in“在……很擅长”, be excellent in“在……很优秀”, be interested in“对……感兴趣”, be lacking in“缺少……”, be rich in“某方面很富足”, be successful in“某方面很成功”, be skilled in“某方面很娴熟”, be strict in“对……要求严格”, be weak in“某方面很差劲”，etc.‎ ‎③ in + 名词：‎ in advance提前, in all总共, in bed卧床, in body“亲自”， in bried“简明扼要”， in case“万一”， in charge“主管”， in danger“危险”, in debt“负债”, in despair“绝望”, in force“大量地；有效”， in full“全部地”， in flower“开花”， in general“总之”, in itself“本身”, in love“恋爱”, in order“井然有序”, in person“亲自”, in public“‎ 公开地”, in progress“有进展”， in practice“在实践上”， in rags“衣衫褴褛”, in return“作为回报”, in ruins“一片废墟”， in short“总之”， in theory“理论上”， in trouble“陷入麻烦”, in tears“哭泣”, in time“及时”, in turn“依次，轮流”, in vain“徒劳，白费”, in view“看得见”，etc.]‎ ‎5. from的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + … from …‎ A. 动词 + from：‎ come from“来自于”, date from“追溯到”, depart from“违背”， die from“死于”, escape from“从……逃跑”, fall from“跌落; 落下”, hang from“悬挂; 吊在…”, hear from“听说”, learn from“从……学到”, rise from“从……升起”, result from“由……引起”, suffer from“遭受”，etc.‎ B. 动词 + sth / sb + from + sth / sb / a place：‎ borrow from“从……借”, choose from“从……选择”, keep from“远离”, prevent from“阻止”, protect from“保护”, receive from“从……收到”, remove from“从…中移开”, save from“从…中救出，使免受”, separate from“从……分离”, stop from“停止”，etc.‎ ‎② be + 形容词 + from：‎ be absent from“缺席”, be different from“与……不同”, be far from“远离”, be hidden from“隐藏”, be made from“产于”, be tired from“因……而疲倦”，etc.‎ ‎③ from … to …：‎ from bad to worse“越来越糟”, from beginning to end“从头到尾”, from cover to cover“从头到尾”，from China to Peru“到处”， from day to day“天天，日复一日”, from first to last“自始至终; 原原本本”, from hand to mouth“仅能糊口”, from head to foot“从头到脚”, from mouth to mouth“广泛流传”, from start to finish“从头到尾”，from top to toe“从头到脚”， from time to time“不时地”， from top to bottom“彻底地” ，etc.‎ ‎6. for的常见搭配 ‎① 动词 + … + for …]‎ A. 动词 + for：‎ account for“说明（原因、理由等）”, answer for“对…负责”, apply for“申请”, apologize for“道歉”, beg for“祈求”, call for“要求”， care for“照料”, enter for“‎ 报名参加”， fight for“为……而战”, hope for“希望”, inquire for“查询；求见”， leave for“去……”, look for“寻找”, long for“渴望”, mistake for“错在……”, plan for“……的计划”, prepare for“为……做准备”, provide for“为……提供”， run for“竞选”， stand for“代表”, search for“寻找”, send for“派人去叫”, speak for“陈述意见、愿望”， take for“当作”， wait for“等待”，etc.‎ B. 动词 + sb + for + sth：]‎ ask for向某人请求……, blame for“因……责怪某人”, excuse for“因…原谅某人”, forgive for“原谅某人”, pardon for“原谅某人”, pay for“买”, praise for“因……赞赏某人”, punish for因……惩罚某人, push for“催逼”，reward for“因……奖励某人”, thank for“因感谢某人”，etc.‎ ‎② be + 形容词 + for：‎ be anxious for“对……担忧”, be eager for“渴望……”, be bad for“对……有害”, be convenient for某人方便, be good for“对……有好处”, be famous for“因……而出名”, be fit for“适合于”， be grateful for“对……心存感激”， be impatient for“对……没有耐心”, be late for“迟到”, be necessary for“对……有必要”, be ready for“为……做准备”, be sorry for“对……感到遗憾”, be responsible for“对……负责”, be suitable for“适合……”, be unfit for“不适合……”, be useful for“对……有用”，etc.‎ ‎③ for + 名词：‎ for all“尽管， 虽然”, for a song“非常便宜地”， for certain“确切地”， for company“陪着”， for ever“永远”, for example“举例”, for fear“以免”， for fair“肯定地”， for free“免费”， for fun“为了好玩”, for instance“举例”, for luck“祝福”， for life“终身”， for nothing“徒劳”, for once“有生第一次”， for oneself“替自己”， for pleasure“为了消遣”， for sale“供出售”， for shame “真丢脸”， for short“简称”， for sport“好玩”， for sure“确切地”，etc.‎ ‎④ 动词 + 副词/ 名词 + for：‎ be in for“将遇到”， make up for“弥补，补偿”, go in for“参加; 从事”, look out for“小心……”, take sth for granted“认为…理所当然”, have an ear for“对……听觉灵敏”， have a gift for“某方面有天赋”，etc.‎ 三. 一些常见介词短语辨析。‎ ‎1. in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：‎ in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。‎ e.g.：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.]‎ ‎2. in the end, at the end of, by the end of：‎ in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。‎ e.g.：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.‎ ‎3. in charge of和in the charge of：‎ 两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。‎ e.g.：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer. ‎ ‎4. in front of 和in the front of：‎ in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思（在某物内）。‎ e.g.：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car. ‎ ‎【技能方法】]‎ 介词短语是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的重点。‎ 解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：‎ ‎1. 熟记常见的介词短语。一定要多读多记，也可以通过做题进行巩固。‎ ‎2. 对常见的介词短语搭配要进行归纳，整理，最后熟记于心。‎ ‎3. 介词短语的辨析最重要的就是要比较，分类，然后再使用的过程中去理解记忆。‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎1．________ all her effort, she failed to reach her aim.‎ ‎【答案】In spite of ‎2．It's great fun to go hiking in the valley, but ________ we shouldn't turn a blind eye to the potential risks.‎ ‎【答案】on the other hand ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：去山谷徒步旅行是很大的乐趣，但是，另一方面我们不应该对潜在的风险视而不见。根据句意可知填on the other hand另一方面。‎ ‎3．Granny filled the hole with oil ________ water in order to put the key into the lock easily.‎ ‎【答案】instead of ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：奶奶为了把钥匙容易地插进锁里用油灌洞而不用水。根据句意可知填instead of而不是，代替。‎ ‎4．You said you took away the dictionary without his permission. ________, you stole it.‎ ‎【答案】In other words ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：你说未经他的允许你就拿走了字典，也就是说你偷走了字典。根据句意可知，前后两句表示相同的含义，属于同位语关系。in other words换句话说（通常连接同位语）。‎ ‎5．An excellent teacher is believed to be one who cares about his students but asks for nothing ________.‎ ‎【答案】in return ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：一位优秀的老师被认为是关爱学生却不求回报。根据句意可知，in return作为回报。‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ ‎1. (2016·北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due________ heavy snow.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎2. (2016·安徽教研素质测试)In the final，we narrowly won the game. ________ be honest，I didn’t expect we had a chance of winning at first.‎ ‎【答案】To ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：最后，我们勉强赢了比赛。说实话，最初我没想到我们有赢得比赛的机会。To be honest说实话。‎ ‎3. (2016·福建莆田质检)________ view of the shortage of time， the chairman decided that each candidate should finish the speech within 5 minutes.‎ ‎【答案】In]‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：考虑到时间不够，主持人决定每个参与者的演讲限定在5分钟内。in view of鉴于，考虑到。‎ ‎4.(2016·云南四模)The dress is very nice, but not_______ the girl’s taste, for she is somehow particular.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这条连衣裙很漂亮，但不适合这个女孩子，因为她有点特别。to one’s taste适合某人的口味。‎ ‎5.(2016·福建漳州八校联考)—I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.‎ ‎—Many people think there is nothing apart ________ice and snow.‎ ‎【答案】from ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——我很惊讶看见阿拉斯加有野花。——很多人认为那里除了冰雪什么也没有。apart from除了。此处表示“除了冰雪以外没有别的东西”。‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ ‎1. (2015·全国Ⅰ) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I __1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. ‎ A few hours __2__，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with __3__ (it) choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.‎ I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5__ (painting)．Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away __6__ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.‎ Yangshuo __7__ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers __8__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it __9__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1．arrived 2．before/earlier　3．its　4. that/ which　5．paintings　‎ ‎6．by　7．is　8．conducted　　9．regularly　10．living　‎ ‎3．its　考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎4. that/ which　考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。‎ ‎5．paintings　考查名词的复数。“so many＋复数名词”为一常用短语。‎ ‎6．by　考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。‎ ‎7．is　考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。]‎ ‎8．conducted　考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted ‎ by...意为“由……所做的”。‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎2.（江西省上高县第二中学2017届高三上学期）‎ 假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。]‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I was in the college when my father passed away. One evening, a man visited me and after a while, he asked of my studies. I told him I could not go to college so I did not want to study anymore. He reminded how my father had sent me to the best college in our city. Did I want to fulfill his father's dream or did I want to be calling a failure? I wept and said I do want to do my best and I just couldn't concentrate. He gave me all the encouragements I needed to be able to carry on. His calming, gently voice did wonders and I decided to study harder and complete my graduation early.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. the 去掉 ‎2.of改成about ‎3.so 改成because ‎4.how前加me ‎5.his 改成my ‎6.calling 改成called ‎7.do改成did ‎ ‎8.and 改成but ‎9.encouragements改成encouragement ‎10．gently改成gentle ‎4.how前加me考查代词。根据句意此处是指他提醒我，我做宾语，用宾格代词me。‎ ‎5.his 改成my考查代词。此处是指我的，故用my。‎ ‎6.calling 改成called考查语态。此处根据句意是用被动语态，我被称为，用called。‎ ‎7.do改成did 考查助动词。此处是过去时态，助动词应用did。‎ ‎8.and 改成but考查连词。此处前后句之间是转折关系，用but。‎ ‎9.encouragements改成encouragement考查名词单复数。encouragement是不可数名词，只能单数，故将encouragements改成encouragement。‎ ‎10．gently改成gentle 考点：语篇理解以及语法知识。‎