专题26新题型——语法填空（新课标、广东、湖南）-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题26新题型——语法填空（新课标、广东、湖南）-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 高考改革始终坚持“在稳定中求发展”的命题指导思想，命题的基本原则依然是“突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用”。基于此种原因，2014年高考全国卷样题中删除了历年高考英语的“单句型语言知识题”，取而代之的是英语语言知识运用的“语法填空题”。‎ 语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中4个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词（不多于3个单词）。这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，此次题型转变得更加灵活。‎ 考题的难易程度应该是有所下降的，刻板的单纯语法考题将逐渐消失，基础知识好的考生完成语法填空题应该不成问题。针对语法填空题如何复习，提醒考生，应继续进行语法知识的复习，加强对词汇本身用法，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 语篇语法填空试题特点：‎ ‎1.“把‘题’设在有一定语境和语义确定了的文段中”是高考命题的宗旨。以对话为载体的2014样题，其长度为173词+10空格。旨在考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。因此，只有读懂对话文段才能做好语法填空题。‎ ‎2. 从样题的设空特点来看，它不仅重视对语言基础知识--词法、句法的考查，考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。同时也考察了学生在没有给出任何提示，需要根据语篇逻辑填空的能力。考生既要能判断出不同的“部分”在句子中的“成分”，又要考虑该结构中用什么词、词性、词形、习惯搭配、拼写、大小写等一系列问题（出现任何错误都不给分）。‎ ‎3. 题型设置分三种类型。‎ ‎(A) 填实义词 -- 提示词4个（61.happen, 63. go, 64. early, 65. make) 。用括号内单词的正确形式填空，主要涉及动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等语法考点（与广东高考语法填空试题考察角度一致）。‎ ‎(B) 填功能词 --纯空格3个（62. when, 67. it, 68.the ) 。在空白处填入适当的内容。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个适当的词，包括连词、代词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、副词等（与广东高考语法填空试题考察角度一致）。虽然样题里没有体现对介词和其他功能词的考察，它也应该是考察知识点。‎ ‎(C)语境理解填空 -- 纯空格3个（66. Anyway，69. must have put，70. mind/memory)。在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）。空后无提示词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入适当的词（1-3个），从样题看这类题主要出现在对话的后半部分，并且以实义词为主（全国高考语法填空试题创新之处，需特别注意）。‎ ‎4. 答案词数有限定。‎ 试题要求已明确规定：在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。从样题判断“不多于3个单词”的空格，出现在对话的后半部分，这样的设置体现了语境的作用。而谓语动词时态与语态用法；非谓语动词完成体、进行体和被动形式；多音节形容词/副词比较级；定语从句的“介词+关系代词”等语言现象应该是“不多于3个”的重点考察项目。‎ 语篇语法填空解题技巧 解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。‎ ‎（1）词汇层面 方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。‎ ‎【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. ‎ ‎【解析】a 第一次提到的可数名词单数前用不定冠词，表示“一个”。‎ ‎【例2】I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had ______ amazing conversation. ‎ ‎【解析】an 短语搭配have a conversation“和……交谈”。‎ ‎【例3】But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row.‎ ‎【解析】the 特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。‎ 方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。‎ ‎【例4】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. ‎ ‎【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose……。‎ ‎【例5】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______. ‎ ‎【解析】him please him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。‎ ‎【例6】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”‎ ‎【解析】it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。‎ 方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。‎ ‎【例7】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.‎ ‎【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。‎ ‎【例8】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.‎ ‎【解析】is spent　money与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。‎ ‎【例9】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.‎ ‎【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。‎ 方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。‎ ‎【例10】She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．‎ ‎【解析】to please “be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎【例11】Film has a much shorter history，especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.‎ ‎【解析】compared　本句是when it is compared to …的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎【例12】But everyone added a little, always ______ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”‎ ‎【解析】thinking 因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。‎ 方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。‎ ‎【例13】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”‎ ‎【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。‎ ‎【例14】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.‎ ‎【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。‎ ‎【例15】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.‎ ‎【解析】harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。 ‎ 方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。‎ ‎【例16】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.‎ ‎【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。‎ ‎【例17】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.‎ ‎【解析】after/from　A.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。‎ ‎【例18】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.‎ ‎【解析】at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。‎ ‎（2）句子层面 方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。‎ ‎【例19】 He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher.‎ ‎【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。‎ ‎【例20】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”‎ ‎【解析】nor 并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。‎ ‎【例21】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.‎ ‎【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。‎ 方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。‎ ‎【例22】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.‎ ‎【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。‎ ‎【例23】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.‎ ‎【解析】that　引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。‎ ‎【例24】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.‎ ‎【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。‎ 方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。‎ ‎【例25】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎【例26】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.‎ ‎【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。‎ ‎【例27】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。‎ 方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。‎ ‎【例28】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.‎ ‎【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。‎ ‎【例29】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ ‎【解析】until/till 表示“一直到……”。‎ ‎【例30】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ ‎【解析】If 表条件。he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。‎ ‎（3）篇章意义层面 方法1：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。‎ ‎【例31】…, so he couldn’t have done it. ______, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so I’m sure it wasn’t him.（2014样题）‎ ‎【解析】Anyway “不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。‎ ‎【例32】--Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ______ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2014样题）‎ ‎【解析】must have put 考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“…and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。‎ ‎【例33】I attended a school prize-giving ______ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft.‎ ‎【解析】ceremony 考查搭配关系。形容词和名词、动词和副词、动词和宾语存 ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎18高考试题 ‎【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.‎ ‎【答案】61. longer ‎ ‎62. to see 63. dying ‎ ‎64. is 65. than ‎ ‎66. that which ‎ ‎67. causes 68. strengthen ‎ ‎69. energetic ‎ ‎70. it running ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。‎ ‎63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。‎ ‎66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎67. 考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎68. 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ ‎69. 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。‎ ‎70. 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。‎ 点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。‎ ‎【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ‎ ‎___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎【答案】61. has grown ‎ ‎62. the 63. actually ‎ ‎64. to improve ‎ ‎65. than 66. pollution ‎ ‎67. global 68. started ‎ ‎69. that/which ‎ ‎70. feeding ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。‎ ‎61. 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。‎ ‎62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。‎ ‎63. 考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。‎ ‎64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。‎ ‎65. 考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。‎ ‎66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。‎ ‎67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。‎ ‎68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。‎ ‎69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。‎ ‎70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。‎ 点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。‎ ‎【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ‎___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so ‎ he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).‎ My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.‎ ‎【答案】61. which ‎ ‎62. the 63. loudest ‎ ‎64. looking ‎ ‎65. challenged ‎ ‎66. scientist ‎ ‎67. for 68. them ‎ ‎69. meant 70. to stay ‎【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。‎ ‎64. 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。‎ ‎65. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。‎ ‎66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。‎ ‎67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。‎ ‎68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。‎ ‎69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。‎ ‎70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。‎ ‎【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。‎ ‎【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎ While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎【答案】56. dishes ‎ ‎57. who/that ‎ ‎58. it 59. visiting ‎ ‎60. was shocked ‎ ‎61. have become ‎ ‎62. affordable ‎ ‎63. higher 64. weight ‎ ‎65. for ‎【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。‎ ‎56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。‎ ‎60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。‎ ‎63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。‎ ‎65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ ‎17高考试题 语法填空 ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.________ (be)‎ ‎ full of fat and salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。‎ ‎61. as　考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects　考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎63. to process　考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”， require to do sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。‎ ‎64. are removed　考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知fat，salt和remove之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。‎ ‎67. is　考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ ‎68. eating　考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。‎ ‎69. careful　考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。‎ ‎70. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。‎ ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then ‎ building a strong roof over 64.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.‎ Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎61. crowds　考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。‎ ‎62. from　考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。‎ ‎63. laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。‎ ‎64. the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。‎ ‎65. were used　考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。‎ ‎66. fairly　考查副词。副词修饰形容词。‎ ‎67. it　考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。‎ ‎68. managed　考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。‎ ‎69. introduction　考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。‎ ‎70. successful　考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward ‎ to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 61.________ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York. ‎ Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44，wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．‎ She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture. ‎ Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modelling. It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”‎ ‎【文章大意】 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，长得漂亮，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。‎ ‎61. resting　考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。‎ ‎62. a　考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎63. has been told/was told　考查动词的时态和语态。 tell后接双宾语， 因此可判断此句用被动语态；再根据后面句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。‎ ‎64. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。‎ ‎65. to prove　考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎66. education　考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。‎ ‎67. invitations　考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎68. in　考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。‎ ‎69. comes　考查动词的时态。根据at the ‎ moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。‎ ‎70. certainly　考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed 58.________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59.________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.‎ Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一则小故事，主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。‎ ‎59. myself　考查反身代词。根据语意可知，此处填I的反身代词，意为“她认为‘我’伤到了‘我’自己”，故填myself。‎ ‎60. earlier　考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。‎ ‎61. to cook　考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。‎ ‎62. searched　考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。‎ ‎63. swept 　考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。‎ ‎64. where　考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎65. a　考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。‎ ‎16高考试题 ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).‎ ‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ ‎ On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when ‎66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。‎ ‎61. attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎62. was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。‎ ‎63. officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。‎ ‎64. to 考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。‎ ‎65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。‎ ‎66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。‎ ‎67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。‎ ‎68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。‎ ‎【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。‎ ‎70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。‎ 考点：语法填空 ‎【归纳总结】‎ 语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。‎ 如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。‎ 解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确）‎ ‎2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎ Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ ‎ Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.‎ ‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ ‎【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as ‎ 46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。‎ ‎41.greater 考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。‎ ‎42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。‎ ‎43.is 考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving.....tomorrow”在句中做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。‎ ‎44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。‎ ‎45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。‎ ‎46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。‎ ‎47.regularly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。‎ ‎50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题42】，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。【小题47】，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。‎ ‎ 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。‎ 技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。‎ 技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。‎ 技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。‎ 技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。‎ 技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 ‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎41. and ‎42. be made ‎43. to create ‎44. using ‎45. as/when ‎46. gradually ‎47. who ‎48. development ‎49. were ‎50. with ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。‎ ‎41. and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系，故填and。‎ ‎42.be made考查固定词组。sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由......制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。‎ ‎43. to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。‎ ‎44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。‎ ‎45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。‎ ‎46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。‎ ‎47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。‎ ‎48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。‎ ‎49. were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。‎ ‎50. with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。‎ 考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空的解题技巧 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：‎ ‎1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧 首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。‎ ‎2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。‎ ‎3. 词汇转换题解题技巧 这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。‎ ‎4.【2016·上海】(B)‎ Stress: Good or Bad?‎ ‎ Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.‎ ‎ In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good)‎ ‎ your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.‎ ‎ To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎33. has been regarded   34. that   35. better   36. a   37. you   38. annoyed   39. control   40. to get ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。‎ ‎34. that  考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。‎ ‎35. better  考查固定句式“The+比较级.....， the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.‎ ‎36. a  考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。‎ ‎37. you  考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。‎ ‎38. annoyed  考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。‎ ‎39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。‎ ‎ 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文【小题34】考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：‎ 强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：  ‎ It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。  ‎ It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。  ‎ 强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋ 句子的其它成份 。‎ 英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：  ‎ It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语) ‎ It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)‎ ‎ It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语)  ‎ 应注意的要点: ‎ ‎1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。 ‎ ‎2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。) ‎ ‎3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：  ‎ It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds． ‎ ‎4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。‎ 即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。‎ 如：  It was the way he asked that really upset me．  ‎ ‎5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。‎ 如：  It was in today's newspaper that we found the news． ‎ 去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper． ‎ 这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。  ‎ 常见考法: ‎ ‎1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：  ‎ It was for this reason that he left that school．  ‎ It was in this way that he solved the problem．  ‎ ‎2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：  ‎ It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty． ‎ ‎3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：  ‎ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star． ‎ It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began． ‎ ‎4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：  ‎ It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．  ‎ ‎5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如： ‎ Was it during the Second World War that he died？ ‎ When was it that the sports meeting began？‎ ‎ It was not Tom that stole the book． ‎ Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？ ‎ ‎6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外 ，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。‎ 如： It might be him that you met yesterday．‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ ‎【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies ‎ ‎46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。‎ ‎43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。‎ ‎44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。‎ ‎45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。‎ ‎46.When/If 句意：如果或当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动。故填When/If。‎ ‎47.for 句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。‎ ‎48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。‎ ‎50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎2015年高考试题 ‎1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ] ‎ The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎[解析]‎ 文章大意：土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。‎ ‎61. built 　build与前面的the adobe dwellings构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。 ‎ ‎62. the 　空格后面的most是形容词最高级，故前面使用the。‎ ‎63. ability 　结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。 ‎ ‎64. using　结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.ing的形式。‎ ‎65. slowly　根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。‎ ‎66. to cool 　结合空格前面的cold enough可知后面使用不定式形式，构成“be＋adj. enough to do sth”的句型。‎ ‎67. at 　此处是一个固定词组。at the same time与此同时。‎ ‎68. goes　此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。The cycle的谓语动词用单数，且为一般现在时。 ‎ ‎69. ‎ natural　结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，因此填natural。 ‎ ‎70. how　根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how，引导宾语从句，作figured out 的宾语。‎ ‎2.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ] ‎ Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。‎ ‎61．arrived 　考查动词的时态。天亮之前“我”到了阳朔，当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。‎ ‎62．before/earlier 　考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。‎ ‎63．its 　考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。‎ ‎64．that/which　 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。‎ ‎65．paintings 　 考查名词的复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词，注意用复数形式。‎ ‎66．by 　乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。‎ ‎67．is 　考查动词的正确形式。此句缺少谓语动词，根据句意和后句的时态，可知此处用一般现在时。阳朔真的很漂亮。‎ ‎68．conducted　 考查过去分词作定语。这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语表示被动关系。 ‎ ‎69．regularly 　考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎ 70．living 　考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。‎ ‎3.[2015·广东卷] ‎ Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __16__ farm, which looked almost abandoned. __17__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __18__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __19__ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she __21__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __22__ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __23__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __24__ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to __25__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临，他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了另一扇门。‎ ‎16. a　 考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎17. Luckily 　 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。‎ ‎18. for　考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知，用介词for。exchange for交换，兑换。‎ ‎21. fell 　考查动词的时态。根据句中的died可知用一般过去时。‎ ‎22. without　 考查介词。根据上文的“…she…over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living…”可知，没有了奶牛，约翰逊一家不得不另想办法谋生。‎ ‎23. to sell 　考查非谓语动词。砍树的目的是卖木头。不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎24. where 　考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。‎ ‎25. him 　考查代词。It occurred to sb that…某人突然想到……。这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生的故事，故填him。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 ‎【辽宁省辽南协作校2018届高三下学期第一次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom, ___41___ cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful. However, decades of economic ___42___ (grow) led to a huge flowing of cars in the city. Owning one became not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a requirement for marriage. As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,___43___ (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.‎ ‎___44___ (fortunate), now Beijing may he returning to its roots. Thanks to about 20 technology companies, brightly colored shared bikes ___45___ (flood) into Beijing in the last two years. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes ___46___ the flexibility and freedom they offer. They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop ___47___ off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.‎ Analyses in China say it is three factors that contribute to bikes ___48___ (increase) rapidly: a lot of cash looking for a home, a good idea and government support. “As the city s population ‎ grew, traffic jams got ___49___ (bad).” Cai, the Ofo spokeswoman, said, “Shared bikes could solve the ‘last mile’ problem in ___50___ environmentally friendly way.”‎ ‎【答案】41. where ‎ ‎42. growth 43. creating ‎ ‎44. Fortunately ‎ ‎45. have flooded/have been flooding ‎ ‎46. for 47. them ‎ ‎48. increasing ‎ ‎49. worse 50. an ‎【解析】 本题是语法填空。要注意所填的词在句子中所作的成份，尤其是在具体语境中的固定搭配，从而选择正确的词形词性。‎ ‎41. where ‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。分析Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom, ___1___ cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful可知，本句是一个定语从句。先行词为Beijing,在定语从句中作地点状语，放入后面的从句中为in Beijing，故为in which，表示地点时用where。‎ ‎42. growth ‎ 考查名词。分析句子decades of economic ___2___ (grow) led to a huge flowing of cars in the city.可知，本句的动词grow在句子中被形容词economic修饰，做介词of的宾语，因此要用其名词形式，故填growth。‎ ‎43. creating ‎ 考查非谓语作状语。分析句子As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,___3___ (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.由于经济的发展，汽车代替了自行车，从而造成了重大的污染和糟糕的交通。 汽车代替了自行车，自然而然地导致了后面的污染与糟糕的交通。前面的事情自解而然地产生了后面的结果，这种情况要用动词ing形式作结果状语，故填creating.‎ ‎44. Fortunately ‎ 考查副词作状语。幸运的是，现在北京可能会回到原来的状态。分析本句可知，形容词fortunate在本句中作状语修饰整个句子，修饰整个句子作状语要用副词形式，故填fortunately。‎ ‎45. have flooded/have been flooding ‎ 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去两年里，颜色明亮的共享自行车涌入北京。分析句子…brightly colored shared bikes ___5___ (flood) into Beijing in the last two years.可知，本句中含有现在完成时时态标志“in the last two years.”，根据句意可知共享自行车从两年前到现在一直在北京。动作从过去一直持续到现在，这个运用正在进行并有可能进行下去，可以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，故填have flooded/have been flooding。‎ ‎46. for ‎ 考查介词。句意：因为自行车提供的灵活性和自由，当地许多居民接受了共享自行车。介词for在此的意思为“因为”。(表示理由、原因)因为.My head aches for want of sleep.我因为睡眠不足而头痛。Thank you for your help。谢谢你的帮助。‎ ‎47. them ‎ 考查代词。分析句子They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop __7_anywhere they like，可知，上文说人们拿起自行车骑完后把自行车（它们）放在他们想放的地方。分析句子可知，本小题填them。‎ ‎48. increasing ‎49. worse ‎ 考查形容作表语。分析句子可知，本句中的bad在句子中作系动词got的表语，分析句意可知，本句中是说随着城市人口的增长，交通拥堵变得更糟，可知要用比较级，故填bad的比较级worse ‎50. an ‎ 考查冠词。本句的意思是以一种环保的方式解决最后一英里的路程问题。因此表示数量“一”，environmentally是以元音开头的，故填an。‎ ‎【辽宁省丹东市2018届高三一模】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ How long have you not written a character?‎ Popular TV program National Chinese Characters Contest has brought people's attention back to written Chinese.‎ The____41____(compete)is the Chinese version of a classic word game American Spelling Bee,‎ ‎ Pupils,____42____usually come from the fifth or sixth grade,____43____(divide)into different teams and try to write down every word according to Its pronunciation.‎ In less than two hours, the contestants need to solve dozens of questions____44____( concert) error- prone(容易出错的) characters. Many students keep up with the show. They refer to_____45_____as “the interesting Chinese lessons on TV”. Teachers and parents are also happy to see that children can learn and have fun at the same time.‎ The program has gone beyond the circle of primary school students. “It is ____46____(surprising) instructive. I have corrected a lot of my own mistakes by watching the show,” said____47____adult viewer.‎ Guan Zhengwen, chief director of the show, considers written Chinese___48___the root of Chinas___49___(culture)‎ heritage, “TV shows on Chinese language mean more than just a trend,” he said. “Mass media need to seek innovation(创新) in order to preserve our culture, We hope that National Chinese Characters Contest will get more people_____50_____(brush)up our written language.”‎ ‎【答案】41. competition ‎ ‎42. who 43. are divided ‎ ‎44. concerning ‎ ‎45. it 46. surprisingly ‎ ‎47. an 48. as ‎ ‎49. cultural ‎ ‎50. to brush ‎【解析】本文主要讲了汉字比赛的节目让人们受益匪浅。‎ ‎41. 考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，所以填competition。‎ ‎42. 考查非限制性定语从句。____2____usually come from the fifth or sixth grade作定语，修饰名词Pupils，所以____2____usually come from the fifth or sixth grade是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。‎ ‎43. 考查时态和语态。Pupils与divide之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且全文都用的一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，综上所述，用一般现在时的被动语态，所以填are divided。‎ ‎44. 考查非谓语动词。questions与concern之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填concerning。‎ ‎45. 考查代词。指代前面的competition，所以用it。‎ ‎46. 考查副词。修饰形容词instructive，用副词，所以填surprisingly。‎ ‎47. 考查冠词。泛指“一位成年观众”，且adult的首字母发音是元音，所以用不定冠词an。‎ ‎48. 考查介词。Guan Zhengwen认为汉字作为中国文化遗产的根源。表示“作为”，所以填as。‎ ‎49. 考查形容词。修饰名词heritage，用形容词，所以填cultural。‎ ‎50. 考查固定用法。get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事，是固定用法，所以填to brush。‎ ‎【辽宁省凌源市2018届高考三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ One of the most famous buildings in the United States in Carniege Hall, the home of classical and popular music concerts in New York. Carneige Hall is ____41____ (know) not just for its beauty and history, but also for its amazing sound. It has been said that the hall ____42____ (it) is an instrument.‎ Carniege Hall is named ____43____ Andrew Carniege, who paid for its construction. He was a ____44____ (wealth) man who also gave a lot of money to schools and public ____45____ (library). Construction on Carniege Hall began in 1890 ____46____ the official opening night was on May 5, 1891. The hall was owned by the Carniege family until 1924 when it was sold to Robert E. Simon. The building became very old and in 1960, the new owner made plans to destroy it and build an office block. Issac Stem led a group of people to fight ____47____ (save) Carniege Hall and finally, the city of New York bought it for $5 million. Then it ____48____ (fix) up between 1983 and 1995.‎ Because the best and most famous ____49____ (music) of all time have played at Carneige Hall, it is the dream of many people who want to be great to play there. This has led to ____50____ very old joke which is now part of Carniege Hall’s history. Question: “How do I get to Carniege Hall?” Answer: “Practise, practise, practise.”‎ ‎【答案】41. known ‎ ‎42. itself 43. after ‎ ‎44. wealthy ‎ ‎45. libraries ‎ ‎46. and 47. to save ‎ ‎48. was fixed ‎ ‎49. musicians ‎ ‎50. a ‎【解析】本文主要讲述了美国著名建筑卡内基音乐厅的发展史。‎ ‎41. known 考查动词语态 句意：卡内基音乐厅不仅以它的历史和美丽而出名，也因为它惊人的声音而闻名。 be known for以﹍而闻名，固定词组，故填known。‎ ‎42. itself 考查代词 句意：据说卡内基音乐厅本身就是一个乐器。此处用it的反身代词itself表示卡内基音乐厅本身，故填itself。‎ ‎43. after 考查介词。句意：卡内基音乐厅以安德鲁·卡内基的名字命名，卡内基音乐厅的建设费用是安德鲁·卡内基支付的。be named after﹍以﹍名字命名，固定词组，故填after。‎ ‎44. wealthy 考查形容词 句意：他是一个很富有的人，经常给学校和图书馆大量的资金。此处修饰名man，需要用形容词，故填wealthy。‎ ‎45. libraries 考查名词复数 句意：他是一个很富有的人， 经常给学校和图书馆大量的资金。此句中and表示并列，前边的学校用了复数，此处的library也应该用复数，故填libraries。‎ ‎46. and 考查连词 句意：科内基音乐厅1890年开始建设，1891年五月五号正式开幕。前半句讲的是建设的时间，后半句讲的是开幕的时间，表示动作的先后，故填and。‎ ‎47. to save 考查非谓语动词 句意：斯特恩带领一群人拼命拯救卡内基音乐厅，最后，纽约市政府以500万美元的价格买下了它。fight to do拼命做某事，努力做某事，故填to save。‎ ‎50. a 考查冠词 句意：这已经成了一个古老的笑话，这个笑话已经是卡内基音乐厅历史的一部分。此句中joke是单数可数名词，故填a,表示数量“一个”。‎ ‎【辽宁省瓦房店市2018届高三下学期第一次模拟】语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ Last summer, as soon as school was over, I thought maybe I could spend the summer ___41___ a way different from previous ones. But how? Perhaps I could take ___42___ part-time job and make some money. I ___43___ (offer) an interview soon after I filed my application to Kentucky Fried Chicken. The interview was three days ahead.___44___ (prepare) for it, I went through Interview Skills, a book.___45___ prepares readers for job interviews. My mom and dad tried to help by ‎ ‎___46___ (give) me simulated (模拟的) interviews one after ___47___. I was all ready the day before the interview.‎ I answered all of the manager’s questions ___48___ (perfect). After all, my mom and dad had expected all of them and I just needed to repeat the answers I had prepared. Besides, I had carried myself well through the interview. My facial ___49___ (express), my voice, my...…all were excellent. I felt the job was already mine. That night I calculated how ___50___ money I would make, and I planned the ways I would like to spend it ‎【答案】41. in 42. a ‎ ‎43. was offered ‎ ‎44. To prepare ‎ ‎45. which /that ‎ ‎46. giving 47. another ‎ ‎48. perfectly ‎ ‎49. expression(s) ‎ ‎50. much ‎【解析】去年暑假作者度过一个不同以往的暑假，做了一份临时工作。本文叙述了打工的经历。‎ ‎41. 句意：或许我用一种不同于以前的方式度过暑假。根据句意可知此处用in。‎ ‎42. 句意：或许我能找一份临时工作。job是可数名词，故在前面加a。‎ ‎43. 句意：我向Kentucky Fried Chicken提供申请后不久我就被提供了一次面试。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was offered。‎ ‎44. 句意：为了准备面试。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为To prepare。‎ ‎45. 句意：一本为读者准备面试的书。这里是一个定语从句，a book做先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，故答案为which /that。‎ ‎46. 固定搭配：by doing sth.故答案为giving。 ‎ ‎47. 固定搭配：one after another一个接一个，可知此处答案为another。‎ ‎48. 副词修饰动词，故答案为perfectly。‎ ‎49. 句意：我的面目表情，我的声音。根据句意可知此处用名词，故答案为expression(s)。‎ ‎50. money是不可数名词，故答案为much。‎ ‎【辽宁省葫芦岛市2018届高三下学期第一次模拟】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “new four great ___41___ (invent)”—high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the ___42___ (fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high-speed rail, China ___43___ (improve) people’s lives in many other innovative (创新的) ways over the last decade.‎ Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made ___44___much more convenient and popular both in China ___45___overseas. Leading Chinese bike-sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.‎ And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop ___46___ (buy) and eat whatever you want ___47___ (simple) with a tap of your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by ___48___ (scan) the seller’s QR code. Cashless payment has grown into a ___49___ (choose)for Chinese people—even a pancake seller is using Alipay.‎ Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing ___50___youths from 20 countries participating in the Belt and Road innovation, and they wish their countries would emulate(仿效) China in terms of technological achievement ‎【答案】41. inventions ‎ ‎42. fastest ‎ ‎43. has improved ‎ ‎44. it 45. and ‎ ‎46. to buy 47. simply ‎ ‎48. scanning ‎ ‎49. choice 50. to ‎【解析】文章主要介绍了影响中国的新四项发明：高速列车，电子支付，共享单车，网上购物。‎ ‎41. 句意：中国用新四大发明再次展示了改变世界的能力。前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，作宾语，故这里用名词形式invention，且可数，用复数。‎ ‎42. 句意：中国的新一代高速列车是世界上最快的列车之一。用最高级。‎ ‎43. 此句中over the last decade提醒要用现在完成时，所以用has improved。‎ ‎44. 此处用made it convenient and popular，此句中it 作形式宾语。‎ ‎45. both in Chian and oversea国内外。‎ ‎46. 此处表示停车去买，stop to do sth停下来做某事。‎ ‎47. 此处表示简单地按一下手机即可，此处用副词修饰状语。‎ ‎48. 介词后用doing，只需要用智能手机即可支付。‎ ‎49. 此处表示非现金支付已经变成了一种选择，冠词后用名词。‎ ‎50. appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”。 ‎ ‎【辽宁省大连市2018届高三第一次模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male and a female, are ___41___ (common) seen in front of the gates of traditional buildings.‎ The lion ___42___ (regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of . ___43___ (official).‎ It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted ___44___ the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) with ___45___ introduction of Buddhism into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion, ___46___ can protect the Truth and keep off evils, is considered a holy animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ___47___ (brave), power and good luck.‎ It was also popular ___48___ (decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason. The ___49___ (well)known of this is the Lugouqiao (also as Marco Polo Bridge), ___50___ (build) from 1189 to 1192. A famous proverb says, “The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountable.”‎ ‎【答案】41. commonly ‎ ‎42. is regarded ‎ ‎43. officials ‎ ‎44. at 45. the ‎ ‎46. which 47. bravery ‎ ‎48. to decorate ‎ ‎49. best 50. built ‎【解析】文章讲述了石狮子的象征、历史和用途。‎ ‎41. commonly 考查副词。句中修饰动词see用副词，指通常被看到，故填commonly.‎ ‎42. is regarded ‎43. officials 考查名词。此处表示石头狮子被用来表明官员们的等级，of后用名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填officials.‎ ‎44. at 考查介词。表示“在……的开始”是at the beginning of，介词用at, 故填at.‎ ‎45. the 考查冠词。此处特指佛教在中国古代的引进，表示特指，用定冠词the，故填the.‎ ‎46. which 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，补充说明先行词the lion，是非限制性定语从句用which引导，故填which.‎ ‎47. bravery 考查名词。用于of后，和后面的power and good luck并列，表示勇敢的象征，用名词。故填bravery.‎ ‎48. to decorate 考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语，此处是不定式做真正主语，故填to decorate.‎ ‎49. best 考查最高级。此处指最有名的狮子是卢沟桥，由the限定，表示范围中最有名的，用最高级。故填best.‎ ‎50. built 考查过去分词。句中Lugouqiao和动词build是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填built.‎ ‎【四川省德阳市2018届高三“二诊”】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡上的相应位置。‎ Day after day, a small blue truck speeds along the streets of Funen. A dog sits beside the driver, looking at him as if ___41___ (listen) to his order. Whenever the truck goes by, the people of Funen tum and stare, some in wonder, others in admiration; for on its sides ___42___ (print) the words TRACKER DOC and a telephone number.‎ Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dog that ___43___ ( be) used to find lost things or follow the tracks of persons and animals. Within seven years, the dog and his ___44___ (own)‎ ‎ Anderson have found lost things worth nearly $400,000，among ___45___ are watches, jewelry, money, cows, pigs, and other dogs. Of course, the secret of the dog is his sensitive nose.‎ Each year the dog and Anderson answer about 700 calls ___46___ help. Four out of five times they find what they are asked to look for. Whenever the phone rings in Anderson’s house, the dog is ___47___ (immediate) excited. He quickly runs to the truck, eager to be off in search of the ___48___ (lose).‎ On the way, Anderson repeats again and again the names of ___49___ they are looking for. So by the time they arrive, the dog is ready ___50___ (get) to work. He circles here and there until he picks up the smell of an object in a place where it doesn’t belong.‎ ‎【答案】41. listening ‎ ‎42. are printed ‎ ‎43. is 44. owner ‎ ‎45. which 46. for ‎ ‎47. immediately ‎ ‎48. lost 49. what ‎ ‎50. to get ‎【解析】本文主要讲了一只小狗和它的主人帮助人们寻找丢失的东西的故事。‎ ‎41. 考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语A dog之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填listening。‎ ‎42. 考查语态。its sides 与print之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填are printed。‎ ‎43. 考查主谓一致。that ___3___ ( be) used to find lost things or follow the tracks of persons and animals.作定语，修饰名词a dog，所以that ___3___ ( be) used to find lost things or follow the tracks of persons and animals.是一个定语从句，that指代a dog，所以谓语动词用单数，填is。‎ ‎44. 考查名词。作句子主语，用名词，所以填owner。‎ ‎45. 考查非限制性定语从句。among ___5___ are watches, jewelry, money, cows, pigs, and other dogs.是一个介词 + 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，指物，只能用which。‎ ‎46. 考查固定用法。call for help呼救，寻求帮助，是固定用法，所以填for。‎ ‎47. 考查副词。修饰形容词excited，用副词，所以填immediately。‎ ‎48. 句意为它渴望离开去寻找丢失的物品。表示“丢失的物品”，所以填lost。‎ ‎49. 考查宾语从句。___9___ they are looking for.作介词of之后的宾语，所以___9___ they are ‎ looking for.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作look for的宾语，所以填what。‎ ‎50. be ready to do准备好做，是固定用法，所以填to get。‎ 名师点睛：小题5考查介词 + 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如：Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? 使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. (2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如：The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist. (3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如：The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside. (4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如：I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer. (二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。例如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) (三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。例如：‎ The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.＝The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired. (四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。例如：All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem. (五)in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。例如：She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill. 二、“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化 (1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。例如：I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.＝I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty. (2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。例如：We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.＝We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week. (3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。例如：‎ Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school? ＝Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?‎ ‎【四川省泸州市2017届高三四诊】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A team of engineers___41___(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.The team developed the revolutionary new material,___42___is very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight.The material does not need energy to work___43___does it need water to help keep things cool.The engineers say___44___new material could provide an answer to air conditioners,which are expensive___45___(run).The material is unlike anything___46___(find) in nature.It is just 50 micrometers thick.That's slightly___47___(thick) than the aluminum foil（锡箔纸）we use for cooking.‎ The engineers explained how their new material works.They said when it is put on top of something,two things happen.It cools the object underneath by___48___(reflect) the sun's rays back into space.At the same time,the material removes the object's own heat and sends that into the air.An engineer said:"We're excited about the opportunity to explore potential uses in different scientific___49___(field)."Another researcher said:"Just 10 to 20 square meters of this material on the rooftop could___50___(nice) cool down a house in summer."‎ ‎【答案】41. has created ‎ ‎42. which 43. nor/neither ‎ ‎44. the 45. to run ‎ ‎46. found 47. thicker ‎ ‎48. reflecting ‎ ‎49. fields 50. nicely ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了一种比锡箔纸稍厚的可以保持建筑物凉爽的新材料。‎ ‎41. “A team of engineers___1___(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.”句意为一个团队的工程师创造了一个超薄的材料，可以使建筑物保持凉爽。讲的是过去发生的事对现在产生的影响，故应该用现在完成时，故填has created。‎ ‎43. 句意为“这种材料不需要能量来工作，也不需要水来帮助保持凉爽。”此题考查固定搭配。Not ....nor ...，not...neither...意为不...也不...，符合语境，故填nor/neither 。‎ ‎44. 句意为“工程师们说这种新材料可以为空调提供答案。”考查定冠词，这种材料就是文中前面所提到的，是特指，故填the。‎ ‎45. 句意为“这是昂贵的运行”。在“be + 性质形容词 + to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意。故填to run 。‎ ‎46. 句意为“这种材料与自然界中发现的任何东西都不一样。”这种发现是指过去发现的一切，所以应该用过去式，故填found。‎ ‎47. 句意为“这比铝箔稍厚（锡箔纸）我们用来煮饭。”由than可知此题考查形容词的比较级，故填thicker 。‎ ‎48. 句意为“它通过反射太阳光线回到太空使物体冷却。”by doing sth,意为通过做某事，故填reflecting。‎ ‎49. 句意为“我们很高兴有机会在不同的科学领域探索潜在的用途。”不同的科学领域，different scientific fields，所以应该用名词的复数形式，故填fields。‎ ‎50. 句意为“只有10到20平方米的屋顶上的这种材料可以在夏天很好地冷却一个房子。”nice用来修饰动词cool（冷却），意思应该用副词形式，故填nicely。‎ ‎【四川省绵阳市2018届高三第三次诊断】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ You probably ___41___ (hear) that all legends have a basis in fact. That may not be true, but this bizarre legends is.‎ Recently, the people of Switzerland began telling stories about a ___42___ (mystery)figure who walked through the Maules Forest ___43___ (wear)camouflage (伪装)and a gas mask. For ten years, there was no evidence ___44___this figure existed; just a few eye witness accounts in the newspapers. According to those ___45___ (account), he didn’t show any signs of being dangerous or malicious, but he sure was creepy. With no concrete evidence of his existence, the figure remained in the realm of folklore. People began calling him"the ghost of Maules" or"Le Loyon. ‎ ‎" In 2013, ___46___，his existence was proven when ___47___pedestrian took the photograph of Le Loyon. A few months later, his gas mask and camouflage coat appeared in the woods, ___48___a strange note hinting that he was harmless and could no longer stand ___49___ (view)as some kind of monster. Whether Le Loyon actually committed suicide or simply abandoned his persona and wandering habits ___50___ (remain) unknown. These are some of the most bizarre unsolved mysteries of all time.‎ ‎【答案】41. have heard ‎ ‎42. mysterious ‎ ‎43. wearing ‎ ‎44. that 45. accounts ‎ ‎46. however ‎ ‎47. a 48. with ‎ ‎49. being viewed ‎ ‎50. remains ‎【解析】本文主要讲述了瑞典关于Le Loyon的传说。‎ ‎41. 考查时态。表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，用现在完成时，所以填have heard。‎ ‎42. 考查形容词。修饰名词figure，用形容词，所以填mysterious。‎ ‎43. 考查非谓语动词。wear与其逻辑主语a figure之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填wearing。‎ ‎44. 考查同位语从句。___4___this figure existed作evidence的同位语，所以___4___this figure existed是一个同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有什么实际意义，所以填that。‎ ‎45. 考查名词单复数。被those修饰，所以用名词复数，填accounts。‎ ‎46. 考查副词。在2013年，然而，有一位行人拍到了Le Loyon的照片，他的存在被证实。表示“然而”，所以填however。‎ ‎47. 考查冠词。泛指“一位行人”，且pedestrian的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。‎ ‎48. 考查介词。这里表示“带着一个奇怪的注解，暗示他无恶意的并且不能再忍受被看作某种怪物”，所以填with。‎ ‎49. 考查现在分词的被动式。stand doing忍受做某事，是固定用法，且“他”和“看作”之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式，填being viewed。‎ ‎50. 考查主谓一致。句子主语Whether Le Loyon actually committed suicide or simply abandoned his persona and wandering habits是一个从句。从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以填remains。‎ ‎【四川省广安、眉山、内江、遂宁2018届高三第二次诊断】阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There's no place in the world like Venice, Italy. Situated in the Adratic Sea ,the city of Water is made up of 118 tiny islands. However, it___61___ (be) in danger of sinking now. Because___62___city was built on soft soil, it has been sinking under the pressure of its own weight. Scientists say that Venice sinks ___63___ a rate of nearly two inches every 100 years. Mean while, rising sea levels could make Venice go under even faster. Earth's temperature is slowly increasing, ___64___ is causing sea ice to melt and makes the world's waters rise.‎ Experts___65___(rush) to save Venice now because of its rich culture. ¨Many famous artists and opera singers have come from Venice. Some of the world's greatest ___66___(paint) can be found on the city's museum walls," explains Melissa Conn.‎ ‎___67___ (keep) the city afloat, experts want to pump about 40 billion gallons of sea water beneath Venice. While scientists work to get their plan ___68___ (approve), people in Venice live their normal life. When the tide rolls in the locals have ways of keeping everyone dry. Café owners move tables to___69___ (high) ground, and hotels pass out high boots to guests. ___70___( fortune) ,dealing with the rising water does not make the natives discouraged.‎ ‎【答案】61. is 62. the ‎ ‎63. at 64. which ‎ ‎65. are rushing ‎ ‎66. paintings ‎ ‎67. To keep ‎ ‎68. approved ‎ ‎69. higher 70. Fortunately ‎【解析】本文介绍“水城”Venice。‎ ‎61. 句意：然而，它现在有下沉的危险。句子用一般现在时态。主语是it，故答案为is。‎ ‎62. 此处特指Venice，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎63. 固定用法：at a rate of---，以---的速度。‎ ‎64. 根据Earth's temperature is slowly increasing, ___4___ is causing sea ice to melt and makes the world's waters rise.‎ 中间是逗号，后半句没有主语，所以不可能是并列句，这里是前面整个句子做先行词，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，答案为which。‎ ‎65. 句意：由于其丰富的文化，专家们现在正急于拯救威尼斯。句子用现在进行时态，主语是Experts，可知，答案为Experts。‎ ‎66. 根据Some of可知后面的名词用复数形式。答案为paintings。‎ ‎68. 句意：当科学家们努力使他们的计划得到批准的时候，威尼斯的人们过着正常的生活。固定结构：get+宾语+过去分词，此处their plan 和approve之间是被动关系，故答案为approved。‎ ‎69. 句意：餐厅老板把桌子搬到地势较高的地方，酒店会向客人们分发高筒靴。此处用比较级，答案为higher。‎ ‎70. 句意：很幸运，处理上升的水并不会使当地人气馁。此处用副词修饰整个句子，答案为Fortunately。‎ ‎【东北三省三校（哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2018届高三第二次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ People today take lots of photos. Some photographs are really memorable. They either capture important events, such as birthday parties or weddings, ___61___ show beautiful places. Years later, people may look at these special photos to remember ___62___ past.‎ However, how did people record important moments without cameras long ago? Some people told ___63___ ( story) about old times, and others wrote down ___64___ they remembered. There were also a lot of people ___65___ (make) special drawings to help them recall important moments. Among those people were Native Americans of the Lakota tribe.‎ Every year, Lakota leaders decided which event was most important. A Lakota ___66___ (art) was then asked to draw a special picture of that event. Because each year ’ s picture was decided on during the winter, the drawings became ___67___ ( know) as winter counts.‎ For a long time, winter counts were drawn on animal skins. Later, the drawings ___68___ (do) on paper. The pictures told the history of the tribe. Each year, the newest winter count was added ___69___ the Lakota collection of pictures from ___70___ (early) times. That helped people keep track of the years. Today，winter counts are important records of the Lakota’s past.‎ ‎【答案】61. or 62. the ‎ ‎63. stories ‎ ‎64. what 65. making ‎ ‎66. artist 67. known ‎ ‎68. were done ‎ ‎69. to 70. earlier ‎【解析】今天的人们拍很多的照片。有些照片是真的令人难忘。那以前没有相机的日子人们如何来记录重要时刻呢？‎ ‎61. 考查连词。照片或者记录重大时刻或者展现美丽风光。短语either…or，表示或者…或者...。故填or。‎ ‎62. 考查冠词。照片可以纪念过去。表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎63. 考查名词。关于过去的故事，是很多的故事，用名词复数形式。故填stories。‎ ‎64. 考查连词。介词后是宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，故填what。‎ ‎65. 考查非谓语动词。句子有谓语动词were，第二个动词用非谓语动词，制作和人们是主动关系。故填making。‎ ‎66. 考查名词。根据A Lakota得知这里在说一位艺术家。故填artist。‎ ‎67. 考查形容词。以…而著名be/become known as。故填known。‎ ‎68. 考查动词时态语态。这里主语缺少谓语动词，绘画和进行是被动关系，讲述以前的事情。故填were done。‎ ‎69. 考查介词。短语add…to，表示增添。故填to。‎ ‎70. 考查形容词。表示比现在更早些的时期，用形容词比较级。故填earlier。‎ ‎【东北三省三校2018年高三第一次联合模拟】‎ The Great Wall of China is a series of walls made of stone,brick, and other materials,built along the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires.Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC;these, later joined together and___41___(make) bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220-206 BC. Little of that wall___42___(remain).The Great Wall has been rebuilt over various dynasties,the majority of___43___is from the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).‎ Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls,the___44___(encourage) of trade and___45___control of immigration.The Great Wall ‎ stretches___46___Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west,along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. An archaeological (考古) survey,___47___(use) advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km. Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its___48___(branch) measures 21,196 km. Today, the Great Wall is___49___(general) recognized as one of the most___50___(impress) architectural wonders in history.‎ ‎【答案】41. made ‎ ‎42. remains ‎ ‎43. which 44. encouragement ‎ ‎45. the 46. from ‎ ‎47. using 48. branches ‎ ‎49. generally ‎ ‎50. impressive ‎【解析】本文介绍中国的万里长城。‎ ‎41. 此处是过去分词做后置定语，与joined并列，故答案为made。‎ ‎42. 句意：那堵墙现在几乎没有了。句子用一般现在时态，故答案为remains。‎ ‎43. 句意：长城在各个朝代都重建了，大部分都是明朝时期的。此处是非限制性定语从句，介词of后面用which，指物。‎ ‎44. 句意：除了防御，长城的其他目的包括边境控制、贸易的鼓励和对移民的控制。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为encouragement。‎ ‎45. 句意：除了防御，长城的其他目的包括边境控制、贸易的鼓励和对移民的控制。此处表示特指，故答案为the。‎ ‎46. 固定结构：from---to---，从---到---，故答案为from.‎ ‎47. 此处是现在分词做伴随状态，表主动关系，故答案为using。‎ ‎48. 句意：另一项调查发现，整堵墙包括所有分支是212196公里。根据all可知用名词复数形式，故答案为branches。‎ ‎49. 副词修饰动词，故答案为generally。‎ ‎50. 句意：这是历史上最令人印象深刻的建筑奇迹之一。形容词修饰名词，故答案为impressive。‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【东北三省四城市联考暨沈阳市2018届高三质量监测(二)】‎ The lion is a special animal to Chinese people. A pair of stone lions, a male and a female, are ___41___ (common) seen in front of the gates of traditional buildings.‎ The lion ___42___ (regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of ___43___ (official).‎ It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally. The earliest stone lions were sculpted ___44___ the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty (25~220 AD) with ___45___ introduction of Buddhism into ancient China. In the Buddhist faith, the lion,___46___ can protect the Truth and keep off evils, is considered a holy animal of nobleness and dignity. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of ___47___ (brave), power and good luck.‎ It was also popular ___48___ (decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason. The ___49___ (well) known of this is the Lugouqiao ( also as Marco Polo Bridge ),___50___ (build) from 1189 to 1192. A famous proverb says, “The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountable.”‎ ‎【答案】41. commonly ‎ ‎42. is regarded ‎ ‎43. officials ‎ ‎44. at 45. the ‎ ‎46. which 47. bravery ‎ ‎48. to decorate ‎ ‎49. best 50. built ‎【解析】文章讲述了石狮子的象征、历史和用途。‎ ‎41. commonly 考查副词。句中修饰动词see用副词，指通常被看到，故填commonly.‎ ‎42. is regarded ‎43. officials 考查名词。此处表示石头狮子被用来表明官员们的等级，of后用名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填officials.‎ ‎44. at 考查介词。表示“在……的开始”是at the beginning of，介词用at, 故填at.‎ ‎45. the 考查冠词。此处特指佛教在中国古代的引进，表示特指，用定冠词the，故填the.‎ ‎46. which 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，补充说明先行词the lion，是非限制性定语从句用which引导，故填which.‎ ‎47. bravery 考查名词。用于of后，和后面的power and good luck并列，表示勇敢的象征，用名词。故填bravery.‎ ‎48. to decorate 考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语，此处是不定式做真正主语，故填to decorate.‎ ‎49. best 考查最高级。此处指最有名的狮子是卢沟桥，由the限定，表示范围中最有名的，用最高级。故填best.‎ ‎50. built 考查过去分词。句中Lugouqiao和动词build是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填built.‎ ‎【吉林省百校联盟2018届高三TOP20十一月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in China’s history. As a visitor or guest in ___40___ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!‎ It is really an ___41___ (admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests ___42___(include) while taking good care of children. Meanwhile, ___43___ practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless ___44___ (generation), In ancient times the common people ___45___ (lead) a needy life but they still tried their best b=to support the elder mother or father who took it for granted.‎ Although the hosts in China are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. Before ___46___(start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says, “Everybody, please enjoy ___47___ (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.‎ When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes ___48___ (prepare) ‎ in a decorative form either by cut or other means they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, ___49___ also represents virtue.‎ ‎【答案】40. either 41. admirable 42. included 43. the 44. generation 45. led 46. starting 47. yourself 48. are prepared 49. which ‎【解析】本文介绍了餐桌礼仪在我们日常生活中的表现。‎ ‎41. admirable令人敬佩的风俗admirable custom，故填admirable。‎ ‎42. included在餐桌上尊重老人，老师和客人包括照顾孩子，故填included。‎ ‎43. the实践展示the practice of presenting，名词前用冠词，故填the。 ‎ ‎44. generations以及观察了无数代，generations。‎ ‎45. led由时间状语in ancient time可知应该用过去时态，故填led。‎ ‎46. starting在吃完饭之前，before时间状语从句中主语与主句主语the host一样，可以省略，用动词ing形式表示主动，故填starting。‎ ‎47. yourself尽情享受，enjoy yourself，故填yourself。‎ ‎48. are prepared主要的菜肴被准备，用被动语态，故填are prepared。‎ ‎49. which，which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句，故填which。‎ ‎【东北师大附中2015级高三第二次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last week, our class was on duty in the cafeteria for student self-management. On the first day, I ___41___(shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. What ___42___ waste! Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a ___43___ (heat) discussion on how ___44___(solve) the problem. Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food. Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be ___45___(good) choice.‎ The next day, we put our idea into ___46___(real). Towards lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, ___47___(call) on students not to waste food. Many students gathered around to read and ___48___(express) their support. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty ___49___ any leftover. Food ‎ saved and the dining hall was cleaner. Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of ____50____ we had done.‎ ‎【答案】41. was hocked ‎ ‎42. a 43. heated ‎ ‎44. to solve ‎ ‎45. the best ‎ ‎46. reality ‎ ‎47. calling ‎ ‎48. expressed ‎ ‎49. without ‎ ‎50. what ‎【解析】从文章体裁分析，本文是一篇记叙文的写作，写的是在学校食堂值班时看到一些学生浪费食物的现象，根据图画内容叙述帮助减少这种现象，减少食物浪费。‎ ‎41. 根据Last week，可知此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，I是句子主语，故答案为was hocked。‎ ‎42. 句意：what a waste of food 的意思是： 真浪费食物啊！这个句式是省略句，很明显是由what 引导的一个感叹句，一般的形式都是what + 冠词 + 形容词+名词，可知答案为a。‎ ‎43. 句意：我的同学和我关于怎样解决这个问题进行了一次激烈的讨论。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为heated。‎ ‎44. 句意：我的同学和我关于怎样解决这个问题进行了一次激烈的讨论。how to do sth.怎样做某事，故答案为to solve。‎ ‎45. 句意：我们都同意墙报是最好的选择。此处用形容词最高级，故答案为the best。‎ ‎46. 句意：我们的想法变成现实。put---into reality变成现实，故答案为reality。‎ ‎47. 句意：我们在学校自助餐厅外面贴了一份报纸，呼吁学生不要浪费食物。此处是现在分词做伴随状态，答案为calling。‎ ‎48. 句意：很多学生聚在四周朗读，表达他们的支持。根据句意可知此处是表示过去的并列的谓语，可知答案为expressed。‎ ‎49. 句意：午饭后我发现托盘都空了，没有剩下的。根据句意可知此处应填介词without。‎ ‎50. 这里含有一个宾语从句，关系词即引导宾语从句，又在从句中做宾语，所以填关系代词what。‎ ‎【湖北省八校2018届高三第二次联考】‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ___61___ (hold) chopsticks. In fact, I’m pretty sure that my technique looks clumsy at times. I tend to hold ___62___ (I) in the middle, more beginner than expert.‎ Still, since I eat almost every meal with the eating utensil(器皿)of choice in China it’s not uncommon for a new friend or acquaintance to come to a simple ___63___ (conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must ___64___ (show) me how to use them.‎ They are wrong. I’ve used chopsticks ever since I was a teenager, a time when my sister and mother were both fond of Chinese cuisine and introduced me ___65___ many new dishes, along with the ___66___ (prefer) utensils in China. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our ___67___ (knife), forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner. It was my closest family ___68___ observed my first mistakes I made in using chopsticks.‎ Plus, I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I ___69___ (expect) to use chopsticks in almost every restaurant, stand and bar. Trust me, when you’re hungry you figure out pretty fast what it takes to down(咽下) ___70___ meal with these utensils.‎ ‎【答案】61. holding ‎ ‎62. mine 63. conclusion ‎ ‎64. have shown ‎ ‎65. to 66. preferred ‎ ‎67. knives 68. who/that ‎ ‎69. was expected ‎ ‎70. a ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者本人学会用筷子的点点滴滴。‎ ‎61. 考查动名词。在when it comes to …这一固定句型中，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。句意：说到拿筷子，我不会称自己为最有成就的人。故填holding。‎ ‎62. 考查动词。根据上下文可知，这里是指“握住我的筷子”。句意：我往往握住筷子的中间。故填mine。‎ ‎63. 考查名词。固定短语come to a conclusion得出结论，故用名词形式。句意：得出了一个简单的结论。故填conclusion。‎ ‎64. 考查情态动词。本题考查情态动词must表推测的用法，因为是对过去行为的推测，故用have done。句意：一定会向我展示怎么用它们。故填have shown。‎ ‎65. 考查介词。短语introduce sb. to sth.向某人介绍某物。句意：并向我介绍许多新菜。故填to。‎ ‎66. 考查非谓语动词。这里为过去分词作定语，意思为“为中国人所偏爱的”。句意：以及中国人所偏爱的器皿。故填preferred。‎ ‎67. 考查名词。根据前面的our和后面的forks and spoons,可知，这里用其复数形式。句意：一起的还有刀叉和调羹。故填knives。‎ ‎70. 考查冠词。这里meal为可数名词，单数，非特指。句意：用这些器皿咽下一顿饭。故填a。‎ ‎【湖南省2018届高三十四校联考第二次考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chopsticks are shaped pairs of equal-length sticks that have been used in the kitchen and on the table in almost all of East Asia for over 6, 000 years. First ___41___ (use) by the Chinese, chopsticks later spread to other locations ___42___ (include) Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.‎ In ancient China, chopsticks signified far more than tools ___43___ take food to the mouth, and they also signified status and rules “can” and “can’t”. During the Northern Song Dynasty,___44___ official named Tang Su once had dinner with the emperor. He was not well informed in noble table manners and ___45___ (lay) down his chopsticks horizontally on the table before the emperor did. As a result, he was sent to a frontier area as a ___46___ (punish).‎ Actually, there were over a dozen taboos concerning chopsticks. For example, they could not be placed ___47___ (vertical) into a dish, as this was a way of making sacrifices to the dead. Diners could not tap ___48___ push a dish with chopsticks, nor use a chopstick as a fork. When taking food, they could not let their chopsticks go from one dish to another or cross over ___49___ of others. When diners wanted ____50____ (put) down their chopsticks during a meal, they would place them lengthways on a chopstick holder or on the plate on their right-hand side. Many of ‎ these chopstick taboos are valid to this day.‎ ‎【答案】41. used ‎ ‎42. including ‎ ‎43. that 44. an ‎ ‎45. laid 46. punishment ‎ ‎47. vertically ‎ ‎48. or 49. those ‎ ‎50. to put ‎【解析】文章介绍了筷子的历史，对地位的象征以及使用筷子的禁忌。‎ ‎41. used 考查过去分词。句中主语chopsticks和动词use是被动关系，此处是过去分词作状语，故填used.‎ ‎42. including 考查介词。此处指其他地区包括日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国和越南。表示“包括”，故填including.‎ ‎43. that ‎ 考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，that起引导作用。故填that.‎ ‎44. an 考查冠词。此处指一个叫唐肃的官员，official开头音标是元音音标，用an表示“一个”，故填an.‎ ‎45. laid 考查动词时态。此处叙述过去发生的事，与句中was时态一致也用一般过去时，故填laid.‎ ‎46. punishment 考查名词。此处由a修饰用名词，指作为一种惩罚，故填punishment.‎ ‎47. vertically 考查副词。此处修饰动词place用副词，指垂直地放置，故填vertically.‎ ‎48. or 考查连词。此处指用餐者不能用筷子敲打或用筷子推菜，表示或者，故填or.‎ ‎49. those ‎50. to put 考查动词不定式。动词want后加动词不定式，表示想要做某事，故填to put.‎ ‎【湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2018届高三第三次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Hutong is a kind of ancient typical city 5lrccl in Beijing. ___41___ (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing ___42___ (dynasty). In order to establish the strongest power for emperors, the royal family planned the city and arranged the residential areas (住宅区). The Forbidden City- ___43___ center of the Beijing city, was the royal palace.‎ At the end of the Qing dynasty, after ___44___ (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost ___45___ (they) former neat (灵巧的) arrangement.‎ After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the conditions of hutong ___46___ (improve). But in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled ___47___ and then replaced by modem buildings. And the hutong today is fading into the shade for both tourists ___48___ local people.‎ However, in the urban district of Beijing, hutongs still occupy one ___49___ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs ___50___ (survive) these years. In this respect, we see Beijing as an ancient yet modem city.‎ ‎【答案】41. Surrounding ‎ ‎42. dynasties ‎ ‎43. the 44. closed ‎ ‎45. their 46. were improved ‎ ‎47. down 48. and ‎ ‎49. third 50. have survived ‎【解析】胡同是北京古老的典型象征。本文介绍了北京胡同的古今历史。‎ ‎42. 句意：在紫禁城周围，许多都是在元、明、清王朝时期修建的建筑物。根据句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为dynasties。 ‎ ‎43. 句意：紫禁城，北京市的中心。此处表示特指，故答案为the。‎ ‎44. 句意：封闭的中国。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为closed。‎ ‎45. 句意：在清朝末年，封闭的中国受到国外的影响之后，许多老胡同都失去了以前的整洁安排。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为their。‎ ‎46. 句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，胡同的条件得到了改善。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were improved。‎ ‎47. 句意：最近这些年，很多老胡同被拆。pull down拆毁，拉倒，故答案为down。‎ ‎48. 句意：今天的胡同正在逐渐消失在游客和当地居民的阴影中。此处表示并列，故答案为and。‎ ‎49. 句意：胡同仍然占面积的三分之一。分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过“一”，分母用复数形式。故答案为third。‎ ‎50. 句意：到目前，很多胡同已经幸存。根据句意可知用现在完成时态，故答案为have survived。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎ [2017·江西省九江市十校高三第二次联考]‎ In 1990, over 100 countries signed 1.________ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewellery. Most ivory is made from the tusks (长牙) of African elephants. These tusks are 2.________ (terrible) valuable—one pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.‎ Hunting elephants was so profitable 3.________ from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in African fell from 1.3 million to 600，000.It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none 4.________ (leave)．However, thanks to the international agreement, there 5.________ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ But considering 6.________ (vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens (野生动物保护区看守人) must be hired to protect them; land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must 7.________ (pay) compensation.‎ Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population 8.________ (stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that 9.________ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say 10.________ is wrong is to kill elephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项国际协议，协议规定买卖象牙是非法的。‎ ‎1．an　考查冠词。句意：……签了一个国际协议。international以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎2．terribly　考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填terribly，表示“非常”。‎ ‎3．that　考查状语从句。句意：猎杀大象是如此有利可图以至于从1979年到1989年非洲大象的数量从130万下降到了60万。此处是so…that…引导结果状语从句，故填that。‎ ‎4．left　考查非谓语动词。句意：人们担心到了2000年，将没有一头大象被剩下。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填left。‎ ‎5．has been　考查动词的时态。根据since 1990“自从1990年以来”，可知用现在完成时，illegal hunting是句子主语，故填has been。‎ ‎6．varieties　考查固定词组。a variety of / varieties of意为“各种各样的”，根据句意可知填varieties。‎ ‎7．be paid　考查动词的语态。句意：农民一定要被支付赔偿金。根据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态，故填be paid。‎ ‎8．stable　考查形容词。句意：……帮助保持象群总数稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语，故填stable。‎ ‎9．making　考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语，故填making。‎ ‎10．what　考查主语从句。此处是what引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ ‎[2017·湖南省邵阳市高三大联考]‎ ‎ My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 1.________ (enter) the class, we would all sit 2.________ (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate (辩论), 3.________ made me take part in all debate competitions.‎ ‎ 4.________ same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 5.________ (experiment) and would give me excellent marks.‎ ‎ My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 6.________ (absence)．My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 7.________ the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. ‎ I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers.‎ ‎ Today I often see the terrible punishments 8.________ (give) to students on TVs.I feel very sad.‎ ‎ I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 9.________ (be) so excellent and 10.________ (forget)．‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师和朋友们对作者的帮助。‎ ‎1．entered　考查动词的时态。上文是一般过去时，所以这里需用过去式。‎ ‎2．quietly　考查副词。这里应该用副词修饰动词sit，表示安静地坐着，quiet为形容词，此处应用quietly。‎ ‎3．which　考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句，又是指代前面一整句话的，所以只能用关系词which。‎ ‎4．The　考查固定搭配。“The same is true of…”为固定表达。‎ ‎5．experiments　考查名词复数。由上文可知，这里的experiment应该用复数形式。‎ ‎6．absent　考查形容词。be absent意为“缺席，不在”，这里需用形容词。‎ ‎7．on　考查介词。pat on the back“拍打背”，为固定搭配，所以这里用介词on。‎ ‎8．given　考查非谓语动语。punishments与give之间为被动关系，see sth done表示“看见某物被……”，所以这里需用过去分词。‎ ‎9．have been　考查虚拟语气。该句是虚拟语气，并表示对过去的虚拟，所以主句需用would have done。‎ ‎10．unforgettable　考查形容词。forget是“忘记”的意思，这里的意思是学校生活是精彩的，是无法忘记的，所以需用unforgettable。‎ ‎[2017·四川省乐山市高三一调]‎ ‎ One winter day in 1891, 1.________ class of training school in Massachusetts, USA, went into the gym for their 2.________ (day) exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time.‎ ‎ But their teacher, James Naismith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game which would have the 3.________ (excite) of American football. Naismith showed the men a basket he 4.________ (hang) at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball 5.________ the basket no ‎ matter where he was standing.“Pass! Pass！” Naismith kept shouting, 6.________ (blow) his whistle to stop the excited players.‎ ‎ Slowly, they began to understand 7.________ was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”，8.________ (be) getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket 9.________ (score)．It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball 10.________ (fall) through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了篮球这项运动是如何产生的。‎ ‎4．had hung　考查动词的时态。句意：Naismith向队员们展示了他在体育馆两端挂的篮子。“悬挂”这个动作明显靠前，可知用过去完成时，故填had hung。‎ ‎5．into　考查介词。句意：把球扔进篮子里。throw…into…意为“把……扔进……里”，故填into。‎ ‎6．blowing　考查非谓语动词。blow与主语Naismith为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填blowing。‎ ‎7．what　考查宾语从句的引导词。understand后面的宾语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故填what起双重作用。‎ ‎8. was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。the problem是句子主语，根据句意可知用一般过去时，故填was。‎ ‎9．was scored　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：每当有篮子进球时，总得有人爬起来。a basket是从句中的主语，根据句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was scored。‎ ‎10．fall　考查固定结构。let … do sth为固定结构。故填不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎ [2017·云南师范大学附属中学高三高考适应性考试 (六)]‎ ‎ As it's easy to cultivate and it contains most of the vitamins necessary for health, potatoes are popular in cultures worldwide. Originating 1.________ South America, potatoes have been part of South American diet for hundreds of years. With multiple potato 2.________ (variety) in the market, they are fried, baked, freezedried to form many beloved dishes. In Ireland, from its ‎ introduction in the 16th century, potatoes 3.________ (hold) a central place in the Irish diet and been considered as the primary Irish crop. In the US, potatoes are one of the most 4.________ (wide) consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fastfood restaurants and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US 5.________ Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during 6.________ presidency from 1801—1809.‎ For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered a vegetable.7.________ in the future, this will no longer be the case.“A programme to add potatoes to China's list of food, joining rice, wheat and corn, will 8.________ (expand) to diversify the Chinese menu and meet increasing food demands，”agricultural experts and authorities with the Ministry of Agriculture said in 9.________ conference on Jan.6.Specifically, potato powder will be mixed into bread and noodle to suit Chinese consumers' taste and 10.________ (eat) habit.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了土豆在不同国家饮食文化的普及情况，在不久的将来，它还会成为中国家庭餐桌上的主食之一。‎ ‎1．in/from　考查介词。originate in/from是“起源于”的意思。‎ ‎2．varieties　考查名词。此处指土豆的多样性，故用复数形式。‎ ‎3．have held　考查动词的时态。根据上文说自16世纪被引进以来，土豆至今一直都占据着爱尔兰饮食的核心地位，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．widely　考查副词。副词修饰consumed，故填widely。‎ ‎5．when　考查连词。该从句和前面主句存在时间上的逻辑关系。‎ ‎6．his　考查代词。该句子的意思是：当Thomas Jefferson 在他1801—1809执政期间。presidency为名词，意为“总统的任期”。‎ ‎7．But　考查连词。该句和上文存在转折关系，故填But。‎ ‎8．be expanded　考查动词的时态和语态。句子的主语programme和expand为被动关系，所填词跟在助动词will之后，故用be expanded。‎ ‎9．a　考查冠词。a conference 表示“一次会议”。‎ ‎10．eating　考查非谓语动词。v.ing形式作定语，表性质、特征。‎ ‎ [2017·湖北省黄冈市新联考高三第三次联考]‎ The Great Wall of China is more than 6，000 kilometres long. It winds 1.________ (it) way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the ‎ sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3.________(build)during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6.________ top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, 7.________ soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.‎ It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done 10.________ hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国长城的有关情况。‎ ‎1．its　考查代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎2．till/until/and　考查连词。此处表示并列或者是“直到最后到达海边”，故填till/until/and。‎ ‎3．was built　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它的第一部分是在春秋时期建成的。根据句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。‎ ‎4．to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to keep。‎ ‎5．joined　考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动关系，故填joined。‎ ‎6．the　考查冠词。句意：长城的顶部足够宽。此处表示特指，故填the。‎ ‎7．where　考查定语从句。此处watchtowers是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎8．warning　考查名词。句意：作为一个警告。用名词形式，故填warning。‎ ‎9．extremely　考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。‎ ‎10．by　考查固定词组。by hand手工。故填by。‎ ‎【东北师范大学附属中学2017届高三下学期第三次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Recently I have found many of us students spend too much time sending text messages or 　　　41　　　(play) games on cell phones, which has negative effects on our students and also does them to our eyes. Worse still, it is　　　42　　　waste of time. We have little time to ‎ communicate 　　　43　　　our parents and friends. 　　　44　　　do we have time for physical exercise.‎ What shall we do 　　　45　　　(improve) the situation? All of us should be 　　　46　　　(full) aware of the harmful effects of frequent use of cell phones. To begin with, let’s limit our time 　　　47　　　(spend) on cell phones and start other hobbies. And we should spend more time playing sports, which is 　　　　48　　　　(benefit) to us. besides, talking with friends is also a good choice to help us relax and get rid of the　　　　49　　　　(addict). I hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.‎ Let’s put down our cell phones and focus on 　　　　50　　　　is happening around us!‎ ‎【答案】41.playing42.a43.with44.Nor/ Neither45.to improve46.fully47.spent48.beneficial49.addiction50.what ‎【解析】请在此填写整体分析!‎ ‎44.Nor/Neither do sb.某人也不……。根据上文的little可知是否定句，此处表示我们几乎没有时间与家人和朋友交流，也没有时间进行锻炼。故填Nor/Neither。‎ ‎45.不定式表示目的，为了改善这种情况我们应该怎么办？故填to improve。‎ ‎46.aware是形容词，应该用副词来修饰，故填fully。‎ ‎47.此处考查过去分词做定语。句意为首先让我们控制用在手机上的时间，开始培养其他的兴趣。spend与time之间是被动关系，故填spent。‎ ‎48.系动词后用形容词，be beneficial to sb.对某人有益。故填beneficial。‎ ‎49.介词of后应该加名词作宾语，故填addiction。‎ ‎50.介词on后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 提示性填空的解题技巧 ‎1.    若提示词为动词，则从两个方面来判断。‎ ‎1）若句中无谓语动词，说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致 ‎2）若句中已经有一个谓语动词，而且没有连词，则所给提示词为非谓语动词，需考虑非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。例如第1小题，这里是固定短语，ing形式做宾语。第7小题是ed形式做定语。‎ ‎2. 若提示词为名词，则需考虑：(1)可数名词或是不可数名词;(2)可数名词单数或复数。‎ ‎3. 若提示词为形容词，副词则需考虑：(1)形容词修饰名词;(2)副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子;(3)形容词和副词的比较级、最高级。‎ ‎4. 若考查括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分(修饰什么词)，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。‎ ‎【湖北省黄冈中学2017年高三5月第三次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。‎ S. T. Harvey wrote a children’s book Miracle, a fictional story about trying to fit in when you stand out. Since it was released earlier this year, the book 　　　1　　　 (appear) in classrooms and libraries 　　　2　　　 the country, bringing with it 　　　3　　　powerful message about the importance of kindness.‎ ‎　　4　　 (base) on a true story, the book tells about a boy named Auggie, 　　5　　 was born with a misshapen face that has required many 　　6　　 (operate) in the 10 years since his birth. 　　7　　 being homeschooled since kindergarten, he starts fifth grade at a public school. It isn’t easy being the new kid, especially since Auggie looks different from everybody 　　8　　. The book takes readers on a journey, as Auggie and his community learn about 　　　9　　 (friend) and acceptance.‎ Harvey worked as an art director and graphic designer for more than 20 years before she 　　　10　　 (inspire) to write Miracle. Now she is using the book to promote the impact of kindness.‎ ‎【答案】1.has appeared2.across/throughout3.a4.Based5.who6.operations7.After8.else9.friendship10.was inspired ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了《Miracle》这本书。‎ ‎1.这是由since引导的句子，从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时，故填has appeared。‎ ‎2.根据句意：这本书已经出现在全国的课堂和图书馆里了。across/throughout the country“全国”，故填across/throughout。‎ ‎3.message是可数名词，又因其前没有冠词，此处表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎4.句意：这本书建立在一个真实故事的基础上，讲了一个叫做Auggie的故事。句子结构完整，可知这里的base应用非谓语动词的形式，又因base与book是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，故填based。‎ ‎5.句意：Auggie生来就是畸形脸。这是一个修饰Auggie的非限制性定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who作定语从句的主语，同时作为非限制性定语从句的引导词。‎ ‎6.many后跟可数名词复数，故填operations。‎ ‎7.句意：自幼儿园在家里学习后，他开始在一家公立学校上五年级。after在……之后，故填After。‎ ‎8.句意：Auggie看起来和其他任何人都不同。everybody else意为“其他任何人”，故填else。‎ ‎9.句意：Auggie和他周围的圈子学习友谊和接受。这里用名词作介词about的宾语，故填friendship。‎ ‎10.句意：在她被激发灵感写出 Miracle之前，Harvey担任艺术总监和平面设计师超过20年。这里的inspire应用被动，故填was inspired。‎ ‎【湖北省沙市中学2017届高考冲刺第九次考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个 单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Once upon a time, there was a man from the State of Chu who loved his sword very much. One day, he was sitting in a boat   preparing to cross a river　　　41　　　 he accidentally dropped his sword into the water. 　　　42　　　  the ship moving fast on and the water running, the people on board reminded that he should go into the water to find his beloved sword back. The man felt in great  　　　43　　　 ( anxious) too. However, he turned a deaf ear to that and instead, he 　　　44　　　   (immediate) took out a knife and made a notch（刻痕） on the side of the boat  　　45　　   his dear sword fell. The people wondered why he did so. He said proudly the notch could help 　　　46　　　 (get) his sword back. Shortly after the 　　47　　   (arrive) at the shore, he entered the water just beneath the notch he made. Though  　　48　　  (spend) rather a long time, he returned empty-handed. Without doubt, he was laughed at in public and his story became 　　49　　  well-known joke in China.‎ Today the idiom  　　　　50　　　　  (relate) to the story is used to describe a person who stick to rigid rules without considering a changing environment or describes an action made pointless by changing circumstances.‎ ‎【答案】41.when42.With43.anxiety44.immediately45.where46.(to) get47.arrival48.having spent49.a50.related ‎【解析】本文叙述的故事是刻舟求剑。这个故事形容只会刻板地遵守规则，不懂变通的人。‎ ‎41.固定句式：was/were  doing sth. when 主语+过去式+其他，正在做某事这时候―――，根据句意可知此处填ｗｈｅｎ。‎ ‎42.此处考查ｗｉｔｈ的独立主格结构，ｗｉｔｈ＋宾语＋ｄｏｉｎｇ　ｓｔｈ．句意：随着船的快速移动和水的流动，根据句意可知填Ｗｉｔｈ，注意大写开头。‎ ‎48.句意：尽管他花费了相当长的时间，但是徒手而归。此处是现在分词的完成式做让步状语，故答案为having spent。    ‎ ‎49.句意：他的故事在中国变成了一个著名的笑话。根据句意可知填ａ。‎ ‎50.此处是过去分词做后置定语，be related to与---有关，根据句意可知填related。‎ ‎【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2017届高三5月押题】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Impression West Lake is a grand evening show of music, light, and dance. Directed by Zhang Yimou, Impression West Lake 　　　41　　　 (update) since 2015. Included in the new version are 70 percent of elements from Hangzhou G20 Summit evening gala.‎ Impression West Lake, 　　　42　　　 (feature) the local culture of Hangzhou and unique charm of West Lake, is one of China’s Top Seven Shows. It 　　　43　　　 (vivid) presents the ‎ history and culture of West Lake by exploring the  　　　44　　　 (story) based on the Legend of White Snake and Butterfly lovers.‎ Besides being a charming show, Impression West Lake also highlights the beautiful 　　　45　　　 (nature) landscape of West Lake. The whole performance is staged entirely upon the lake 　　　46　　　 (it) with hills as the background. 　　　47　　　 is even more amazing is “the Rain of West Lake”, which is artificially recreated 　　　48　　　 (bring) out the charm of West Lake in the rain.‎ Impression West Lake is also a feast of music. 　　　49　　　 is reported, the background music is made by Kitaro, a famous Japanese musician and the theme song is performed by Zhang Liangying, a popular Chinese singer　　　50　　　 a heavenly voice. All these bring the audience into the dreamlike environment of romantic Hangzhou.‎ ‎【答案】41.has been updated42.featuring43.vividly44.stories45.natural46.itself47.What48.to bring49.As50.with ‎【解析】本文为一篇记叙文主要讲述了做折造访西湖时的所见所闻，对西湖景物的描述，以及游玩其间的联想。‎ ‎41.根据句中的 since 2015.可以确定该句为现在完成时，所以该空填has been updated  。‎ ‎42.因为该剧中已经有谓语，故处应当为非谓语，因为此处动作发生于主句动作之前故该空填featuring ‎43.因为此处的动词用来修饰presents故此处应当为一个副词，故该空填vividly。‎ ‎44.通过分析上下文可知西湖的故事不止一个故此处的名词应当为复数故填stories。‎ ‎45.由于该空后面为landscape景色，景物，故该空应当作其landscape的定语为一个形容词，故填natural。‎ ‎46.通过联系上下文可以得知该处应当填反身代词 故该空填itself。‎ ‎47.该处为一个主语从句看，一般情况下用what和it来做形式主语来引导主语从句，由于需要在剧中做成份故该空填what。‎ ‎48.根据文章中的句子“which is artificially recreated ___8___ (bring) out the‘charm of West Lake in the rain.”该句为一个非限制性定语从句which用来指代上文中的the rain of west lake ,该句意为“通过重建西湖之雨来再现，雨中西湖的美景。To bring 在剧中做目的状语，故本题填to bring .‎ ‎49.as......据.....的意思，例如as the  data suggested 据数据显示....在本文中as it reported 意为据...报道，因而该空选择as比较符合题意，故本题填as.‎ ‎50.singer with a heavenly voice 声音醇厚的歌手 在该句中with ...做伴随状语，故该空填with,‎ ‎【河北省衡水中学2017届高三下学期二模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book called "The Classic of Tea", 　　　41　　　is honored as "The Bible of Tea". The book gives a detailed　　　42　　　(explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.‎ However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 　　　43　　　(it). Take green tea for instance, the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80℃. If the water is too hot, nutrients（营养）in the tea　　　44　　　(destroy). On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea 　　　45　　　(leaf) won't open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. So Chinese people are accustomed 　　　46　　　drinking hot tea. When you visit a Chinese friend, your friend will 　　　47　　　(constant) add hot water to your emptying cup of tea. It is polite　　　48　　　(offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands. Of course, the guests should pay respect as well　　　49　　　(take) over the cup with both hands.‎ Talking about adding water to the tea cup, there is　　　　50　　　　saying: wine full, full cup. Tea half, half cup. For wine, full cup symbolizes whole heartiness. For tea, half, it means modesty.‎ ‎【答案】41.which42.explanation    43.itself44.will be destroyed45.leaves46.to47.constantly48.to offer49.taking50.a ‎【解析】本文介绍中国的茶文化。‎ ‎41.考查定语从句。句意：1200年前，陆羽写了一本叫做"The Classic of Tea"的书，这本书被认为是《茶经》。根据结构可看出，这里构造了非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which指代上句中的"The Classic of Tea"，在定语从句中充当主语，故用which。‎ ‎42.考查名词。句意：这本书详细介绍了茶的起源，茶的处理技术以及茶的种类。这里用名词作宾语，故用explanation。‎ ‎43.考查反身代词。句意：然而，中国的茶文化远远超过了茶本身。根据句意可知，这里需要反身代词，故用itself。‎ ‎44.考查被动语态。句意：如果水太热，茶中的营养就可能会被破坏。根据句意，这里构造了条件状语从句，故主句用will be destroyed。‎ ‎45.考查名词。句意：相反如果水温不够，茶叶泡不开，就喝不到茶的香味。这里用“叶子”的复数，故用leaves。‎ ‎46.考查固定搭配。句意：因此，中国人习惯喝热茶。此句考查固定搭配be accustomed to（习惯于），故用to。‎ ‎47.考查副词。句意：当你到中国朋友家做客，你的朋友会不断地为你空了的茶杯添热水。这里要用副词修饰动词add，故用constantly。‎ ‎48.考查不定式。句意：用双手给客人递茶杯是礼貌的。此句it作形式主语，真正的主语用不定式，故用to offer。‎ ‎49.考查现在分词。句意：当然，客人也应该用双手接过茶杯表示尊重。这里用现在分词作伴随的状语，故用taking。‎ ‎50.句意：说起倒茶，中国有句俗话，叫做“酒满茶半”。酒倒满杯表示全心全意，茶倒半杯表示虚心诚恳。这里用不定冠词a泛指一句俗话，故用a。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词作伴随状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别：‎ ‎1.首先，伴随状语的位置是可以在句首或者是句末；其次，它所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生，只不过谓语动词动作为主要动作，分词动作为次要动作。‎ 如:Singing a song, he walked home.‎ He walked home, singing a song. 他唱着歌回家去了。‎ 如本题的第9小题所在的句子Of course, the guests should pay respect as well___9___(take) over the cup with both hands.当然，客人也应该用双手接过茶杯表示尊重。此句中，动作take over和谓语动词的动作pay respect是同时发生的，且与主语是主动关系，故我们用现在分词taking做伴随的状语。‎ ‎2.结果状语的位置通常只能在句末，表示谓语动作所产生的结果。‎ 如:A terrible earthquake happened in China in 2008, causing thousands of deaths.‎ ‎2008年中国发生了一场大地震，造成了上万人死亡。‎ The teacher passed away, making all the students very sad.‎ 老师去世了，这使得所有学生非常难过 注意：现在分词做结果状语时，一般表达的是自然而然引起的结果，若是意料之外的结果，一般用only to do sth结构做结果状语。‎ 如：He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.‎ ‎【广东省惠州2018届高三第一次调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Recent months have seen a return of bike across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 　　　41　　　(drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.‎ The bikes 　　　42　　　(equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 　　　43　　　 effective solution in places 　　　44　　　 it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike-sharing is a 　　　45　　　(green) method of transportation and　　　46　　　(provide) a more friendly experience However, the programs have also led to problems such as 　　　47　　　(legal) parking, deliberate (蓄意的) damaging and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people ‎　　48　　(return) the bikes to stations 　　　49　　　 rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems,too. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with 　　　50　　　(point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5-1 yuan.‎ ‎【答案】41.driving42.are equipped43.an44.where45.greener46.provides47.illegal48.to return49.by50.points ‎【解析】本文讲述了共享单车的事情。共享单车的出现收到的大众的欢迎，但是随着共享单车的迅速普及，也出现了很多问题。为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也提出了一些方法。‎ ‎43.effective是以元音字母开头的单词，故填an。‎ ‎44.句意：它们在许多中国人中受到欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种运输转变到另一种运输的地方提供有效的解决方案。本句是地点状语从句，从句对 places进行补充说明。故填where。‎ ‎45.句意：自行车分享是一种绿色的交通方式。本句后半句中more friendly采用比较级，前后一致，本空也应用比较级。故填greener。‎ ‎46.句意：自行车分享是一种绿色的运输方式并且提供更友好的体验。提供的主语是Bike-sharing，要用单数，故填provides。‎ ‎47.句意：然而，这些方案也导致了……（法律）停车，蓄意的破坏和盗窃等问题。本句讲的都是一些问题，所以不可能是合法停车，只能是非法停车。故填illegal。‎ ‎48.encourage sb to do sth固定搭配，意为鼓励某人做某事。故填to return。‎ ‎49.句意：为了解决这些问题，公司提出了通过奖励他们下一次乘车的空闲时间将自行车返回车站。结合句意可知要填一个介词。by又通过的意思。故填by。‎ ‎50.句意： 例如，摩拜为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，在不良行为的情况下采取了积分。100分的信用评分是复数，故填points。‎ ‎【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2017届高三第三次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents 　　　　41　　　　(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.‎ After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on 　　　　42　　　　 face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. 　　　　43　　　　, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished 　　　　44　　　　 (eat), he went back to his room, without a word. 　　　　45　　　　 no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time day after day while the mother tried to understand 　　　　46　　　　 was happening.‎ Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card, 　　　　47　　　　 he quietly put on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it. To her surprise, little Tommy got 　　　　48　　　　 A in math. She could no longer hold ‎ her 　　　　49　　　　 (curious). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns?”‎ Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man 　　　　50　　　　(nail) the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking.”‎ ‎【答案】41.had tried42.his43.Instead44.eating  45.In46.what47.which  48.an49.curiosity50.nailed ‎【解析】本篇是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩因为数学成绩十分差被父母送去天主教学校学习，去了天主教学校之后，他突然开始认真学习并取得了优异的成绩。他的妈妈对此感到十分惊讶，最后小男孩说出来原因，原来他是被钉在十字架上的耶稣吓到了，害怕自己不听话也会变成那样。‎ ‎41.“ His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of”和“His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.” 根据句意分析该句，try everything这个动作发生在“Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had tried。‎ ‎42.“After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on ____2____ face”分析该句， face是名词，而横线后句子指代不明，应补充代词成分，该句主语是little Tommy，故填his。‎ ‎43.根据前文“He didn’t kiss his mother hello.” 他没有亲吻他的妈妈，以及后文“ he went straight to his room and started studying”他径直走向房间，开始学习。两句的动作具有相互替代性，故填Instead。   ‎ ‎44.    动词finish后只能跟名词、代词或动词ing形式，意为完成做某事。故填eating。‎ ‎45.   in no time意为马上、立即； 根据“he was back hitting the books as hard as before”马上他又像以前那样努力地读书了。故填In。‎ ‎46.   “the mother tried to understand ____6____ was happening.”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，此处需要what来做宾语从句的主语，故填what。‎ ‎47.   “____7____ he quietly put on the table and went up to his room and hit the books”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，结合前句“Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card”因此应使用连接词代替前文，中间有逗号，因此使用非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎48.“little Tommy got ____8____ A in mat”中A为名词，因此，横线处应使用冠词修饰名词。故填an。‎ ‎49.“She could no longer hold her ____9____ (curious)”分析该句，横线前为物主代词，故横线部分应为名词，故填 curiosity。‎ ‎50.“when I saw that man ____10____ (nail) the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking”分析该句，句子主语为the man 与nail钉住  之间是被动关系，故填nailed。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 动词常见的变化形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。‎ 本题的第一小题“ His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of”和“His parents____1____(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.” 根据句意分析该句，try everything这个动作发生在“Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had tried。‎ ‎【福建省漳州市2017届高三5月质量检查】阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The art of paper-cutting in China may date back to the second century, since paper　　　41　　　(invent)by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. As paper became more affordable, paper0cutting became one of the most important　　　42　　　(type) of Chinese folk art. Later,　　43　　 different regions adopting their own cultural styles, this art form spread to other parts of the world.  　　44　　(usual), the artworks are made of red paper, as red is associated with　　　45　　　(happy) in Chinese culture, but other colors are also used.‎ With　　　46　　　(it) long history, paper-cutting,　　　47　　　originated in China, has been very popular among the ordinary Chinese people. People put up papercuts on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals 　　48　　(strengthen) the cheerful atmosphere.‎ Chinese papercuts are rich in content. The auspicious（吉祥的）designs symbolize good luck and the avoidance of evil. The child, lotus and bat designs suggest a family with　　　49　　　large number of children and grandchildren. Birds, livestock, fruit, fish and worms are also familiar objects　　　50　　　(accept) by Chinese farmers. In a word, papercuts used in different occasions have different meanings.‎ ‎【答案】41.was invented42.types43.with44.Usually45.happiness46.its47.which48.to strengthen49.a50.accepted ‎【解析】本文主要介绍了中国的剪纸艺术。‎ ‎44.考查副词。此处为副词做状语，通常来说，用usually。‎ ‎45.考查名词。红色和幸福有关系，介词后接名词，故填happiness。‎ ‎46.考查代词。此处填形容词性的物主代词，意为它的，故填its。‎ ‎47.考查连词。此处是定语从句，空格所指的意思是paper-cutting，又需充当主语，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎48.考查不定式。此处为动词不定式表目的，故填to strengthen ‎49.考查冠词。此处为固定短语：a large number of：许多，大量。‎ ‎50.考查非谓语动词。此句中已有谓语动词，故填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是前面的名词objects，和accept之间是被动关系，又有关键词by的提示，就更可确定为过去分词，填accepted。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空的解题技巧 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：‎ ‎1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧 首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第7题，考查连词，此处为定语从句，此处指代前文中的paper-cutting，物体，因为是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，故用which。‎ ‎2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如第10‎ 题，本题考查非谓语动词。首先你要确定此处为非谓语动词，因为已经有了谓语动词，其次找accept的逻辑主语，为objects，根据意思可知两者是被动关系，又有关键词by的提示，就更可确定为过去分词，故填accepted。‎ ‎3. 词汇转换题解题技巧 这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据该词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如第5题，此题考查名词。此处意为幸福，介词后应接名词，故改为happiness。‎ ‎【福建省厦门市2017届高三第二次（5月）质检】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ 题号：1711756432596992‎ When I was a university student, I 　　　41　　　(attract) by the Chinese. So I got a job as a teacher in ‎ Wuhan three years ago. 　　　42　　　(think) back, I realize it was the students I met in the first year and ‎ Chinese university life in general 　　　43　　　 gave me the deepest impression.‎ During my school days, I would rarely give up my spare time to any activity 　　　44　　　(connect) with study. Unless exams were approaching, my weekends were devoted to having fun or perhaps a part-time job. My Chinese students,　　　45　　　 the other hand, seemed to spend their entire waking hours studying. I understand that competition in Chinese universities is extremely fierce. Nonetheless, their energy and motivation put 　　　46　　　(I) to shame.‎ My first year in China was also my first year as a teacher. It was both challenging 　　　47　　　 rewarding. One thing I know for certain is that my year in Wuhan changed me for the 　　　48　　　(good). Thanks to the politeness and 　　　49　　　(warm) of Chinese students, I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more self-confident. Most 　　　　50　　　　(important), I met dozens of nice people and made many excellent friends.‎ ‎【答案】41.was attracted42.Thinking43.that44.connected45.on46.me47.and48.better49.warmth50.importantly ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在作为一名大学生时，被中国文化深深吸引，从而在武汉当老师的经历，这段经历给作者留下了深刻的印象。‎ ‎41.这件事情发生在过去，所以用过去时态。“被……吸引”的表达为be attracted by sth.，故填was attracted。‎ ‎42.现在分词作伴随状语表示主动含义，think的主体是我，是主动含义，故填Thinking。‎ ‎43.强调句it is/was … that…，前面出现了it was结构，故填that。‎ ‎44.定语从句省略了关系词和系动词，原句应为"I would rarely give up my spare time to any activity （which is）___4___(connect) with study."，省略了which is，be connected with意为“与……相关联”。故填connected。‎ ‎45.on the other hand意为“另一方面”。故填on。‎ ‎46.人称代词作宾语要应用其宾格形式。故填me。‎ ‎47.both…and…意为两者“既……又……”。故填and。‎ ‎48."One thing I know for certain is that my year in Wuhan changed me for the ___8___(good). "（我可以确定的一件事是在武汉的这一年让我变得更好了）。既然是改变，就有一个比较的过程，变好或是变坏，根据题意，此处是说我变得更好了，故填better。‎ ‎49.and前后连接两个并列成分时，并列成分应用相同的形式。此处and前为名词，其后也应该是名词，故填warmth。‎ ‎50.most importantly“更重要的是”，用副词修饰整个句子，故填importantly。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Outdoor air pollution 61 (grow) by 8% around the world in the last five years. Some of the world’s biggest cities have significantly high pollution levels.‎ Now, a New York City-based 62 (design) thinks he might have the solution, to the awareness problem, 63 least. Nikolas Gregory Bentel recently released a new line of shirts called Aerochromics, 64 change colors according to pollution levels in the air. The shirts are priced starting at $500. They are available in three black-and-white designs and took Bentel one year 65 (develop). ‎ ‎“Aerochromics is a statement on the rapid deterioration(恶化) of 66 (we) world’s air quality,” Bentel said. ‎ While countless smartphone apps can tell you pollution levels, Bentel argued that rather than ‎ turning to phones and computers that have to 67 (carry) around, Aerochromics could do more than just be a fashion statement. The shirt forces the user to be aware of pollution levels 68 (constant). ‎ Bentel said he had a “stream of customers” 69 refused to provide any more information, or access to them. However, he promised the cost of the shirts would fall in the future, 70 (make) them more reasonably priced.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新研制的、通过变化颜色来显示空气污染程度的衣服，设计者称这种衣服可以引起人们对空气污染的持续关注。‎ ‎64. which 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，指代先行词shirts，故填which。‎ ‎65. to develop 考查不定式。固定短语：take sb some time to do sth. “花费某人时间做某事”。‎ ‎66. our 考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎67. be carried 考查被动语态。根据句意判断电脑、电话等是被人们携带，用被动形式。‎ ‎68. constantly 考查词形转换。修饰动词用副词形式。‎ ‎69. but 考查连词。根据句意判断前后句之间是转折关系，填but。‎ ‎70. making 考查现在分词。非谓语短语作状语，动词make和句子主语 he之间是主动关系，故填making。‎ ‎2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who 61 (study) the effects of the Big 5 personality (个性) features on online 62 (addict) now, said a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系) can help people — and particularly parents — keep away 63 the dangers.‎ ‎“We need to teach people to have 64 (much) self-control,” Roberts said. “Our brains are being prepared for fast and exciting activities online, 65 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder. We talk about our personality 66 (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also affects our personality. … We’ve seen a generation ‎ or two 67 (be) crazy about the Internet so that they’re used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow interactions (相互影响).”‎ David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware and 68 (avoid) addiction. 69 (note) that there are apps that can count people’s daily smart phone use, he said, “Most people don’t realize they unlock their phone 200 times 70 day.”‎ ‎【文章大意】从事个性特点与网络成瘾之间关系研究的Roberts教授说：更好地理解相互关系(个性和与媒体应用之间相互影响的关系)有助于使人们远离网络成瘾。‎ ‎61. is studying考查时态。虽然say用的是一般过去时态，但它只表达“说”的动作发生在过去。因这项研究还在继续，所以study用现在进行时态，本句中的now也暗示了这一点。‎ ‎62. addiction考查词性转化。此处需要介词的宾语，所以使用名词addiction。此处addicting动名词不可接受，在需要名词场合，恰巧该词既有名词形式，又有动词词性(study, work, explain, explanation等)时，确定使用该词的名词形式还是动名词形式的方法是：若该词后有状语、宾语，一定使用动名词形式；若该词前有形容词，一定使用名词形式(本题前面有online，因此暗示使用名词形式)。‎ ‎63. from考查介词。keep away from（远离）是固定搭配。‎ ‎64. more考查比较级。自控是人们与生俱来的能力。通过后天教育，人会有更多的自控，因此使用more。‎ ‎65. which考查定语从句。从“Our brains”到 “should shoulder”的句子含有三个谓语“are being prepared” “is making” 和“should shoulder”，根据原则，三个分句需两个连词连接；在第三分句中，修饰responsibility的定语从句的连词that/which省略了；第二个分句缺主语。通过逻辑和结构分析得知此分句为非限定性定语从句，先行词是第一个分句，因此使用which连接。‎ ‎66. affecting考查非谓语动词。短语“what about”中的“about”是介词，介词后使用动名词。‎ ‎67. are 考查主谓一致。or连接主语时谓语动词就近一致。此处是“a generation or two (generations必须省略)”。‎ ‎68. avoid考查非谓语动词。此处avoid是与become并列的省略to的不定式充当宾语补语。‎ ‎69. Noting考查非谓语动词。在最后一个句子中含有三个连词(, there are apps前、后的两个that,引号算作一个连词)和四个谓语(are, can count, said, don’t realize)，根据原则此处需要非谓语动词，he与note是主谓关系，所以使用现在分词。‎ ‎70. a / per考查冠词。表达频率的“每一”时，使用不定冠词a / an / per。‎ ‎3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A large-scale exhibition at the Shanghai Museum features 89 tomb-wall paintings 61__(collect) by the Shanxi Museum. Most of the 62__( exhibit) have never been displayed outside of Shanxi. ‎ Art buffs(爱好者） can see ancient tomb-wall paintings 63___ the Northern Dynasty , Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties－most of 64 have never been displayed outside of Shanxi province.‎ The exhibition, Ancient Wall Paintings from the Shanxi Museum, which 65___(run) through March 4, features 89 tomb-wall paintings divided into 12 groups. "It is the 66___(large) exhibition of ancient wall paintings in China," such paintings 67__( date) to the Sui and Tang dynasties and earlier are hard to find today. From these murals we can see that Chinese painting had reached 68_ very high 69__(art) level in terms of figure design, coloring and even perspective. Researchers and visitors can learn about hairstyles, clothing and music," says Yang Zhigang, 70___(direct)of the Shanghai Museum.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文讲述的是上海博物馆的一次以墓穴油画为特征的一次展览。‎ ‎61.collected 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海博物馆的大型展览展出了山西博物馆收藏的89幅墓碑壁画。collect和前面的名词paintings之间是被动关系；故填collected。‎ ‎62. exhibits 考查名词的数。句意：大部分展品都是没有在山西以外的地方展出过的。根据句意确定为复数，故填exhibits。‎ ‎63.from 考查介词。句意：艺术爱好者可以看到来自于北朝、宋、金、元时期的古代壁画。根据句意确定是介词from。‎ ‎64.which 考查关系词。句意：大多数从未展示山西以外的省份进行展览。这是一个非限制性定语从句，是对前面内容的补充说明。根据，先行词为paintings，且关系词在介词of之后，所以只能用which。‎ ‎65. runs 考查谓语动词。句意：大这次展览是山西博物馆的古壁画，从3月4日开始，展出了89幅墓碑壁画，分为12组。这是一个非限制性定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词由先行词。先行词为exhibition,单数，所以谓语动词用单数；故填 runs。‎ ‎68.a 考查冠词。句意：从这些壁画中我们可以看到，中国画在人物设计、色彩、甚至透视方面都达到了很高的艺术水平。根据后面名词level和句意确定应该用不定冠词，故填a。‎ ‎69.artistic 考查形容词。句意：从这些壁画中我们可以看到，中国画在人物设计、色彩、甚至透视方面都达到了很高的艺术水平。此处用形容词修饰名词level，故填artistic。‎ ‎70.director 考查名词。后面短语是对前面名词杨志刚的补充说明，即同位语，故填director。‎ ‎4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Over the last few years, learning Chinese 61 (become) popular among people all over the world. Last month, I received an email from my cousin Jack, 62 lived in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about Chinese and asked me to find him some books 63 (special) intended for Chinese beginners. 64 (feel) very happy, I couldn’t wait to find him some books. So I went from one bookstore to another to find something 65 (suit) for him. Finally I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among 66 (variety) of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have 67 (they) delivered by air without delay. Several days 68 (late), I received Jack’s email, in which he said that he really appreciated the books I had sent 69 him. I’m very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, but I know it may be 70 enjoyable challenge for him.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为国外计划学习汉语的外甥买书的事情。‎ ‎61. has become 考查动词时态。根据时间状语Over the last few years判断用现在完成时。故填has become。‎ ‎62. who考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，指代Jack，用关系代词。故填who。‎ ‎63. specially考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词形式。故填specially。‎ ‎64. Feeling考查非谓语动词。短语作状语，动词feel和I之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填Feeling。‎ ‎65. suitable考查词性转换。修饰不定代词应该用形容词形式。故填suitable。‎ ‎66. varieties考查名词复数。固定短语：varieties of“各种各样的”。‎ ‎67. them考查代词。空格处在句中作宾语，指代textbooks，应该用代词的宾格形式。故填them。‎ ‎68. later考查副词。固定短语：时间段+later “多久以后”。故填later。‎ ‎69. to考查介词。固定短语：send sth. To sb. “送给某人某物”。‎ ‎70. an考查冠词。challenge是可数名词，而enjoyable是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。‎ ‎5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Today, digital devices (设备) 61 (help) prevent the development of disease in the elderly, and often in a surprising manner. For example, research suggests that the devices 62 (use) to treat the 63 (lose) of hearing are also helping the onset of dementia (痴呆).‎ Fitness trackers such as Fitbit, are helping monitor their users’ activity levels and encouraging 64 to adopt more active and healthier lifestyles, which is having a positive effect on illnesses such as hypertension (高血压).‎ Devices such as the Amazon Echo, are giving back valuable independence to those suffering from the loss of movement, which, 65 it is taken away, can leave one feeling worthless, and shamed.‎ This artificial intelligence assistant allows 66 elderly to carry out a large number 67 tasks through voice control e.g. lighting, and heating. Therefore, it enables users not to rely on others for the 68 (small) task and gives back 69 (price) independence and pride.‎ These devices 70 (prove) to help overcome memory issues, too—a leading causes of independence loss in old age.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了数字设备正在诸方对老年人的帮助。 ‎ ‎61. are helping考查时态。每时每刻都发生的事情必须使用现在进行时态。Eg. The population in the world is increasing, The environment is being polluted, etc.‎ ‎62. used考查非谓语动词。本句含有两个谓语(suggests, are helping)和一个连词(suggests后的that),根据原则，此句不再需要谓语动词，而需要非谓语动词，use与devices是动宾关系，因此使用过去分词used充当devices的定语。‎ ‎63. loss考查词性转化 treat和 the都暗示此处需要名词，此处不可使用动名词losing (填动名词时，该词后面一般带有宾语或状语构成动名词短语或者它表达一个习惯的动作)。‎ ‎64. them考查代词。此处使用them指代前面的users。‎ ‎65. when考查状语从句。该段落由一句话组成，在这个句子中有三个已知的谓语动词(are giving，is taken. can leave)和一个连词which(shamed前的and链接并列成分不计)，根据原则，此处应使用连接从句的连词，从句中不缺主语，宾语，也找不到先行词，因此根据逻辑只能理解为时间状语从句，所以使用when。‎ ‎66. the 考查冠词。形容词与the连用表达一类人，the elderly老年人。‎ ‎67. of考查固定搭配。a number of是固定搭配。‎ ‎68. smallest考查形容词最高级。在两个以上范围内比较使用最高级smallest。‎ ‎69. priceless考查构词法。本句的意思是： 它(人造智能辅助设备)能使用户不再因为最小(smallest)的琐事依赖他人并且使他们重拾无价的priceless (金钱也买不到的)自立能力和自豪感。‎ ‎70. have been proved /proven考查时态、语态。此处的逻辑是从数字设备出现到现在为止已经证明，因此使用现在完成时态。prove + adj. / n. / to be时是系动词，不用被动语态。物做主语，并且与prove是动宾关系时要使用被动语态。此题属于第二种(使用被动语态)情况，因此填have been proved /proven。‎ ‎6.More than 80 percent of Chinese students returned to the country after completing their studies abroad, and the country sent 544,500 students in 2016 __41___(study) abroad.‎ China's Ministry of Education (MOE)（教育部） said at 42 news conference that most of the world's foreign students who study abroad are from China.‎ Over 90 percent of them attend schools in English-speaking countries, such 43 the US and Australia, and over 70 percent pursue at least a bachelor's degree.‎ It also said 98 percent of government-sponsored students returned to China. So far, Government-sponsored students who study abroad 44 (choose) to pursue disciplines most needed in China, 45 ( include) engineering, agriculture and medical science.‎ The government-sponsored students（公费留学生） have signed an agreement that says they 46 (require) to reimburse（偿还）the government if they do not return home after completing their studies.‎ China is trying to attract more students with an international background because of the country's involvement in 47 ( globle) cooperation.‎ ‎"Moreover, most Chinese 48 (family) only have one child, so many of us return to China 49 ‎ ‎(willing) because we want to stay close to our family and friends," said a student surnamed Su, 50 gave up his job in the UK and returned to take care of his mother in China.‎ ‎41. to study 42. a 43. as 44. have chosen 45. including ‎ ‎46. are required 47. international 48.families 49. willingly 50. who ‎41. 考查不定式的用法。句意是：2016年中国派了544500个学生到国外学习。此处表示目的。故填to ‎ study。‎ ‎42. 考查冠词的用法。句意是：教育部在一场新闻发布会上表示，全球大多数的留学生都是来自中国。a 表示泛指，意思“一场”。故填a。‎ ‎43. 考查介词的用法。such as用来表示列举事物。故填as。‎ ‎44.考查现在完成时态。根据句首的时间状语So far可判断用现在完成时。故填have chosen。‎ ‎45.考查非谓语的用法。此处是非谓语，表示主动关系。故填including。‎ ‎49. 考查副词的用法。此处应该填副词，因为它修饰动词“return”。故填willingly。‎ ‎50. 考查定语从句的关系代词。最后一句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a student surnamed Su，则关系词应该是who。故填who。‎ ‎7.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Kiyoto Saito is trying to change people’s opinion of agricultural work through his unusual attire( 打扮). Whether he’s driving a tractor 61 is standing in the fields, Kiyoto is always wearing an elegant suit.‎ Kiyoto’s family has been planting rice for around 400 years, but as a teenager he 62 (find) the tradition boring and moved to the city. He returned to his native town two years ago, 63 (determine) to get involved in the family business.‎ ‎ 64 idea of wearing a suit in the fields started as a joke. One day, his brother joked about farming in an elegant suit, but Kyioto took it 65 (serious). He viewed the idea as the perfect way to change public opinion of agricultural work. “Most people think of farmers 66 ‘dirty all day’. I want youngsters to think ‘ farming looks fun’” he said.‎ At first no one seemed 67 (understand) him. Even his family was surprised by his 68 (choose) of farming attire. His grandfather worried 69 (do) farm work in a suit would be dangerous. ‎ Now Kiyoto is famous and has been invited on various television shows. He also has a blog where he regularly 70 (post) his farming experiences and photos of himself all dressed up.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了青年农民Kiyoto Saito通过穿着来展现农民新形象的故事。‎ ‎61. or 考查连词。根据句意可知此处是whether…or…结构，“不管……还是”。‎ ‎62. found 考查一般过去时。根据as a teenager或者并列谓语moved判断用动词过去式found。‎ ‎63. determined 考查形容词。形容词短语作状语表示主语的状态，故填determined。‎ ‎64. The 考查冠词。此处是特指在田地里劳动时穿西服套装这个想法，填定冠词The。‎ ‎65. seriously 考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，take something seriously“认真看待”。‎ ‎66. as 考查介词。固定短语：think of sb as “把某人看作”。‎ ‎67. to understand 考查不定式。固定句型：sb seems to do something“某人似乎做某事”。‎ ‎68. choice 考查名词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填choice。‎ ‎69. doing考查动名词。宾语从句缺少主语应该用动名词，故填doing。‎ ‎70. posts 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境判断用一般现在时，主语是he，故填posts。‎ ‎8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Some teens dream of a new car or over-the-top party for their sweet 16, but one grandfather spent years 61 (make) a more thoughtful gift 62 his granddaughter.‎ When Rose was two, her grandpa started taking notes every time they spent time together. He kept 63 habit until she was five, filling up three notebooks over the three years.‎ On Rose’s 16th birthday, her grandfather decided she was old enough to 64 (full) appreciate the meaning behind the books, and 65 (give) them to her as a present. When Rose realized 66 the gift was, she was in total shock.‎ The notebook told of specific things Rose 67 (do) or said. Her grandpa recorded his 68 (memory) of them two laughing and playing games. “Throughout the stories he would repeatedly add how much he loved and cared for me,” says Rose.‎ ‎“The gift will forever be the 69 (great) gift I’ve received because of how much value and meaning it has behind it,” she says.‎ To my delight, today for my birthday, my grandpa gave me 3 books with stories of each time he hung out with me from the age of 2 to 5. I was so moved as to be 70 (speech).‎ ‎【文章大意】文章叙述说：一般来说人们买贵重物品或开派对来祝贺生日，但，Rose的爷爷给她一个不一样生日礼物——她和爷爷相互陪伴、共同玩耍的记录本。作者的爷爷也给了她相同的生日礼物。‎ ‎61. marking 考查非谓语动词。“spend time (in) doing”这个结构需要动名词。‎ ‎62. for 考查介词。“a gift for sb(给某人的礼物)”；“a gift from sb (某人给的礼物)”。根据语境，此处该用前者。‎ ‎63. the考查冠词。“keep the habit”是固定词组。‎ ‎64. fully 考查副词。此处用副词“fully”修饰动词“appreciate”‎ ‎65. gave 考查时态。decided后省略了引导宾语从句的that, 空前的and是连接与decided并列谓语的连词，因此，此空填gave。‎ ‎66. what 考查连词。该句有三个谓语(realized、was、was)，因此它需要两个连词(When和要填的连词)。由于充当realized的宾语从句 (___ the gift was)需要指物的名词做表语，所以填what。‎ ‎67. had done考查时态。此句含一个省略了连词that/which的定语从句。定语从句的谓语动词do与say由并列连词or链接。又因为定语从句的谓语do与say所表达的动作发生在told之前，所以使用had done or said。‎ ‎68. memories 考查名词。此处需要名词复数。‎ ‎69. greatest 考查形容词最高级。由于背后的巨大价值和深远的意义，这个礼物将永远是Rose收到的最好(greatest)礼物。‎ ‎70. speechless 考查形容词。激动得说不出话来(so moved as to be speechless)。‎ ‎9.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ About 3 billion trips were made during the 40-day Spring Festival travel rush, 61 (mark) a new record of human migration (迁移) during the Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Transport said on Wednesday.‎ ‎ 62 these, 2.52 billion trips were made by road, 357 million trips were made by railway, and 58.55 million trips were made by air.‎ Online ticket 63 (user) for train, bus and flight travel were 71.9, 56.6 and 71.9 percent. More than 80 percent of travelers booked tickets via mobile phone apps.‎ ‎ 64 (near) 71 percent of passengers were satisfied with their Spring Festival travel, 2 percent 65 (many) compared to last year. Eighty-nine percent of passengers said it 66 (be) more convenient to buy tickets. Ninety-three percent of passengers said 67 were satisfied with the cabin crew’s 68 (perform) on planes.‎ There were 357 million trips made by railway, a rise of 10.1 percent compared to last year, making a new record of train trips during the Spring Festival travel rush, China Railway Corp ‎ said on Wednesday.‎ Of these journeys, 51.4 percent of train trips 69 (carry) out by high-speed railway, 70 means that 180 million trips were made by bullet trains.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍说：我国今年春节期间旅客乘坐客车、火车、高铁、飞机流动的人数较往年有大幅度增加。‎ ‎61. marking 考查非谓语动词。本文第一段由一个句子组成，其中said的宾语从句(省略了连词that)前置了以示强调。根据＂在一个句子中谓语动词数量减一等于连词数量＂原则可知：由于此句已含有两个谓语were、said和一个连词that；这已符合上述原则，故mark此处不可再充当谓语，只能用marking现在分词充当结果状语。‎ ‎64. Nearly考查副词修饰数词。Nearly在此处与about和some修饰数词用法相同。‎ ‎65. more考查形容词比较级。根据整个文章＂今年春运旅客人数较往年多，流动也更方便＂可知：今年较往年又增加百分之二的旅客对春运满意，故使用more。‎ ‎66. is 考查时态。由于购票方式多样化、电子化、网络化，购票方便已成为常态，故此处使用一般现在时态。‎ ‎67. they 考查代词。此处they代替passengers。‎ ‎68. performance 考查构词法及名词用法。此处需要名词充当with的宾语，且performance(表现)在此是不可数名词，因此不可用复数形式(performances)。‎ ‎69. were carried 考查被动语态。此处需要被动形式的谓语动词。句意是：旅客的流动是由(被)高速铁路完成的。‎ ‎70. which考查非限定性定语从句。在此处，先行词是位于空白前面的一句子，它在从句中充当主语，故用which引导非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎10.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As the population grows and temperatures rise, 61 will become more difficult to grow enough food for everyone. 62 (luck), scientists are now exploring the planet for plants that do not need as much water as today's crops. The Mojave Desert in the U.S is home 63 some of these plants.‎ Scientist Heather Rose Kates of the University of Florida is in that desert. She is not collecting the coyote melon（瓜）, which she describes as terrible. ‎ Coyote melon may not taste good, but it can 64 (grow ) in places that have little rainfall by farmers. The desert 65 it grows gets just 15 to 20 centimeters of rain per year, or less. Other kinds of melons need at 66 (little )two and a half centimeters per week to grow.‎ Now scientists 67 （consider）combining coyote melon with other melons to see if they can make a tasty vegetable that doesn't need as much water to grow. That could be useful on a planet 68 ( become) warmer and more crowded every day.‎ Rose Kates says farmers will need 69 （produce）50 to 70 percent more food by 2050 to feed the world. So, he says, 70 ( research)are studying the wild versions of farm-grown crops.‎ 文章大意：随着人口的增长和全球气温的升高，为人类提供足够的粮食变得越来越困难。但幸运地是科学家们在研究培育一些新的不需要太多水的农作物，而且取得了一定的进展。‎ ‎61. it 考查人称代词。从结构可知句子主语是不定式短语， it作形式主语，填it。‎ ‎62. Luckily 考查副词。修饰整个句子应该用副词形式，位于句首，首字母要大写，填Luckily。‎ ‎63. to 固定短语：be home to “……的家、故乡、栖息地”，填to。‎ ‎64.be grown 考查被动语态。根据句意可知是被动关系，含有情态动词的被动形式为：情态动词+be +done，故填be grown。‎ ‎65. where 考查定语从句。定语从句是主谓结构，缺少关系副词，先行词为地点名词，故填where。‎ ‎66. least 考查形容词。固定短语：at least“至少”，填least。‎ ‎67. are considering 考查动词时态。根据now判断用现在进行时，表示目前科学家们正在做的事情，填are considering。‎ ‎68. becoming 考查非谓语动词。从结构判断此处是非谓语动词短语作定语，become和被修饰名词planet之间存在主动关系，用现在分词，填becoming。‎ ‎69. to produce 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：need to do sth“需要做某事”，填to produce。‎ ‎70. researchers 考查名词。根据主谓一致的原则可知此处是复数名词，填researchers。‎ ‎11.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Over the past decade, over 60 percent of primary and secondary school students in China ____41___( fail) to regularly get enough sleep, with excessive homework and supplementary after-school classes getting in the way of their health, a recent report suggested.‎ According to the report, which__ 42____(release) by China Youth and Children Research Center (CYCRC)on Jan. 20, there are 100 million sleep-deprived young people ___43___(current) living in China.‎ A great deal of homework, more hours spent studying at school and ___44____（increase）pressure to participate in supplementary after-school sessions are the main causes of sleep deprivation(睡眠不足) among Chinese students.‎ ‎_45___ average, primary school students in China spend 8.1 hours at school per day, which exceeds the government-approved six hours. Middle school students spend an average of 11 hours per day at school, __46___ is three hours more than the ___47____(nation) standard.‎ The evaluation standards for teachers mainly focus on students' academic Performance and enrollment rate, so we have no __48____(choose) but to deprive（剥夺） the students of __49__spare time. Primary and secondary school students are in a key period of physical __50____(develop), and they should sleep around nine to ten hours per day. ‎ 答案：41.have failed 42. was released 43. currently 44. increasing 45.On ‎ ‎46.which 47. national 48.choice 49. their 50 .development ‎ ‎41. have failed 考查现在完成时态。本句话中的时间状语是“Over the past decade”,应该用现在完成时态。故 填have failed。‎ ‎42. was released 考查被动语态的用法。根据时间状语“on Jan. 20,”可知用过去时态。谓语和主语之间是被 ‎ 动关系，故填was released。‎ ‎43. currently 考查副词的用法。修饰动词“living”的词应该是副词，current的副词是currently故填currently。‎ ‎44. increasing 考查现在分词的用法。spend time doing sth是固定词组，意思是“花费时间做某事”，故填increasing。‎ ‎45. On 考查固定短语。On average是固定短语“按平均”，故填On。‎ ‎46. which 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。本句话为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，定语从句缺少主语，故填which。‎ ‎47. national 考查形容词的用法。standard是名词，所以此处应该填形容词。nation的形容词是national，故填national。‎ ‎48. choice 考查名词的用法。have no choice but to do sth意思是“只好做某事”，故填choice。‎ ‎49. their 考查物主代词的用法。名词之前要用物主代词，前面的the students是三人称，故填 their。‎ ‎50.development 考查名词的用法。形容词之后应该用名词，develop的名词是development，故填development。‎ ‎12.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Take a tour of Monkey Park Situated between Jerusalem and the coastal city of Tel Aviv, Israel’s Monkey Park is home to more than 250 61 (difference) species of monkeys. ‎ Considered one of the country’s most popular animal 62 (attract), it offers a unique experience as it 63 (run) by the Israeli Primate Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to provide a rehabilitation(康复) center for monkeys while 64 (educate) the public about these lovely creatures.‎ Over the last two years the park 65 (receive) 650 monkeys from a breeding farm that shut down. Most monkeys in 66 park live in enclosures(圈地). Visitors are able to view them up close and, thanks to one 67 (special) designed section, are even able to interact with them. Right outside the visiting area is the rehabilitation center. That’s 68 monkeys who need care are being nursed back to health.‎ Among the family-friendly activities 69 (offer)at Monkey Park for human visitors are workshops, rides and wall climbing. There are also comprehensive guided walking tours, 70 last up to three hours.‎ One feature of the Monkey Park is the children’s playground. But it’s still the monkeys that attract people most.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了位于耶路撒冷和特拉维夫市之间的猴子公园。该公园是这个国家最受欢迎的动物景点之一，它给人们提供了一种全新的体验。‎ ‎64. educating 考查现在分词。此处是“连词+分词”结构，表示主动，用现在分词。‎ ‎65. has received 考查时态。根据时间状语Over the last two years 判断用现在完成时，此处表示主动，且根据主谓一致的原则判断填has received。‎ ‎66. the考查冠词。特指上文提到的park，故填 the。‎ ‎67. specially 考查副词。修饰过去分词designed用副词修饰，故填 specially。‎ ‎68. where 考查连词。从结构判断此处是表语从句，从句缺少状语，根据语境判断填表示地点的连词where。‎ ‎69. offered 考查过去分词。此处是非谓语短语作后置定语，offer和activities之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故填 offered。‎ ‎70. which 考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词，指代guided walking tours 用which。‎ ‎13.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ About 3 billion trips were made during the 40-day Spring Festival travel rush, 61 (mark) a new record of human migration(迁移) during the Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Transport said on Wednesday.‎ ‎ 62 these, 2.52 billion trips were made by road, 357 million trips were made by railway, and 58.55 million trips were made by air.‎ Online ticket 63 (user) for train, bus and flight travel were 71.9, 56.6 and 71.9 percent. More than 80 percent of travelers booked tickets via mobile phone apps.‎ ‎ 64 (near) 71 percent of passengers were satisfied with their Spring Festival travel, 2 percent 65 (many) compared to last year. Eighty-nine percent of passengers said it 66 (be) more convenient to buy tickets. Ninety-three percent of passengers said 67 were satisfied with the cabin crew’s 68 (perform) on planes.‎ There were 357 million trips made by railway, a rise of 10.1 percent compared to last year, making a new record of train trips during the Spring Festival travel rush, China Railway Corp said on Wednesday.‎ ‎ Of these journeys, 51.4 percent of train trips 69 (carry) out by high-speed railway, 70 means that 180 million trips were made by bullet trains.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍说：我国今年春节期间旅客乘坐客车、火车、高铁、飞机流动的人数较往年有大幅度增加。‎ ‎61. marking ‎ 考查非谓语动词。本文第一段由一个句子组成，其中said的宾语从句(省略了连词that)前置了以示强调。根据＂在一个句子中谓语动词数量减一等于连词数量＂原则可知：由于此句已含有两个谓语were、said和一个连词that；这已符合上述原则，故mark此处不可再充当谓语，只能用marking现在分词充当结果状语。‎ ‎62. Of 考查介词用法。表达限定范围内的人或物之中的多少常用of，此处of these相当于2.25 billion of the 3 billion trips或2.25 billion trips of these, 只是把of these前置以示强调。 ‎ ‎63. users 考查名词复数。根据本句谓语were判断，主语user使用复数形式。‎ ‎64. Nearly考查副词修饰数词。Nearly在此处与about和some修饰数词用法相同。‎ ‎65. more考查形容词比较级。根据整个文章＂今年春运旅客人数较往年多，流动也更方便＂可知：今年较往年又增加百分之二的旅客对春运满意，故使用more。‎ ‎66. is 考查时态。由于购票方式多样化、电子化、网络化，购票方便已成为常态，故此处使用一般现在时态。‎ ‎67. they 考查代词。此处they代替passengers。‎ ‎68. performance 考查构词法及名词用法。此处需要名词充当with的宾语，且performance(表现)在此是不可数名词，因此不可用复数形式(performances)。‎ ‎69. were carried 考查被动语态。此处需要被动形式的谓语动词。句意是：旅客的流动是由(被)高速铁路完成的。‎ ‎70. which考查非限定性定语从句。在此处，先行词是位于空白前面的一句子，它在从句中充当主语，故用which引导非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎14.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The two places I 61 (live) are very different, but they are the same in some ways. My village has only 20,000 people there. 62 the population of the city is very large. It is at least 50 times the population of the village. In my village we know most people but here they are mostly 63 (strange). Next, the climate 64 the village is hotter and wetter as we have 65 (second) seasons. They are called the rainy and dry seasons. This city has four seasons 66 are all different — spring, summer, fall and winter. Summer is the same as our dry season but our dry season is much 67 (hot). Winter is different. It is so cold and there is so much snow in the city. Another different thing is school. My village school only has 150 kids, but this city school 68 (double) the number. We just have classrooms, books and teachers at school in my village. Here there 69 (be) more computers and uniforms! The same thing is the family. The family may have just parents and kids or sometimes grandparents. Finally,‎ ‎ even though these two places are different, they are 70 my home.‎ ‎【文章大意】我住过两个不同的地方，它们有相同之处，也有不同之处。但是它们都是我的家。‎ ‎61. have lived 考查动词时态的用法。这里强调到目前为止我住过的两个地方，应该用现在完成时，所以填have lived。‎ ‎62. But 考查并列连词的用法。前面说我的村子里只有两万人。但是城里人很多，前后为转折关系，所以要填But。‎ ‎63. strangers 考查名词的用法。因为前面一句里说的是在我的村子里，我们认识绝大多数人。但是在这里大部分都是陌生人，空的后面给的是strange，所以要填strangers，表示“陌生人”。‎ ‎64. in/of 考查介词的用法。这里要表达的是村子的气候，故要在the village前面填in或of。‎ ‎65. two 考查数词的用法。从后面空中的second可以看出这里应该填该词的基数词形式作定语修饰seasons，所以填two。‎ ‎66. which/that 考查定语从句的关系代词的用法。此空后面是个定语从句，从句中缺主语，指物，所以此处要用which/that来引导定语从句，意思是“这四个是完全不同的季节——春、夏、秋、冬”。整句的意思：“这座城市有四个完全不同的季节——春、夏、秋、冬”。‎ ‎67. hotter 考查形容词比较级的用法。这里表示城市里的夏天和我们村子里的旱季是一样的，但是我们的旱季更热。所以此处填比较级hotter。‎ ‎68. doubles 考查动词第三人称单数的用法。本句的主语是this city school，为第三人称单数，且此处谓语应用一般现在时，所以动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填doubles。‎ ‎69. are 考查系动词的用法。因为此结构为there be形式，后面的名词computers and uniforms都是复数形式，所以此处用be动词的一般现在时的复数形式，故填are。‎ ‎70. both 考查不定代词的用法。这里作者是说：尽管两个地方不同，但是这两个地方都是作者的家。所以要填both。‎ ‎15.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ This season millions of Americans will celebrate with turkey on the table. But it can’t 61 (consider) to have changed American culture more than its cousin, the chicken. ‎ When English settlers arrived at Jamestown, they 62 (bring) some chickens. However, the popularity of chickens soon faded because of plenty of much 63 (taste) native animals. But slaves who were not allowed 64 (raise) horses, cattle or pigs benefited from the fact, especially those from West Africa, 65 raising chickens had a long history. Many slaves could ‎ make money 66 raising chickens. At that time black cooks were in a position to influence their masters’ 67 (choose)of dishes, and they 68 (natural)favored the meat raised by their friends and relatives. One of the West African dishes 69 (prefer) by white people was chicken pieces fried in oil — the meal that now, around the world, is considered American. ‎ Today chicken is cheap, and it has become America’s favorite meat. In the land of the hamburger, we eat more of it than beef. ‎ So as we celebrate 70 give thanks this season, take a moment to consider the chicken. The bird that gets little respect is the creature that has given us more than we know.‎ ‎【 文章大意】在庆祝节日时，美国人餐桌上都摆着火鸡。但是就对美国文化产生的影响来说，身份低微的家鸡的影响力更大。在本文中作者介绍了在美国家鸡从不被重视到成为美国人最喜欢吃的食物的历史。‎ ‎64. to raise考查非谓语动词。Be allowed to do sth被允许做某事，是固定短语，填to raise。‎ ‎65.where考查定语从句。从结构判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据先行词West Africa判断填where。‎ ‎66. by 考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示方式，填介词by。‎ ‎67. choice考查名词。名词所有格后面跟名词，填choice。‎ ‎68. naturally考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词，填naturally。‎ ‎69. preferred考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语短语作后置定语，prefer和被修饰名词dishes之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填preferred。‎ ‎70. and考查连词。根据句意可知此处表示并列关系，填and。‎ ‎16.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There is a change in the air at the Tea Factory in Kenya. Now it 61 (be) free of the dark smoke that rises from the boilers of Kenya’s tea factories.‎ The Makomboki company has begun to use a 62 (little) costly and more environmentally friendly fuel. Instead of burning wood, the tea maker is burning briquettes(煤砖) 63 (make) of plant and animal material waste. ‎ John Gitau is the manager of the factory. He expressed 64 (excite) about the change in ‎ fuel at the factory. He said Makomboki had not used any firewood in the last six months.‎ In 2010, the International Trade Center started a training project. It aimed 65 (teach) Kenyan tea makers new production methods that would help limit the release of climate change gases.‎ As 66 result, Makomboki company leaders decided to change 67 (they) fuel source from firewood to briquettes. Since then, the factory 68 (increase) its use of alternative fuels and stopped depending on firewood.‎ ‎ 69 trading firewood for sawdust(木屑), Makomboki alone will have saved 60,000 trees in one year. And, if all the factories in Kenya did this, a lot of trees would be saved.‎ Nowadays representatives from other factories have visited Makomboki to learn more about the alternative fuel.‎ ‎ 70 (hope), they will follow Makomboki’s lead.‎ ‎【文章大意】肯尼亚的茶制造商如今不再使用木材做燃料，而是开始燃烧由植物和动物粪便制成的砖坯，这样有效地减少了空气污染。‎ ‎61. is 考查谓语动词。从语境判断用一般现在时，根据主谓一致的原则可知用第三人称单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎62. less 考查比较级。and连接并列成分，根据more environmentally friendly判断此处用比较级，故填less。‎ ‎63. made 考查过去分词。句中缺少briquettes的后置定语，动词make和被修饰词briquettes之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故填made。‎ ‎64. excitement 考查名词。express后面缺少宾语，应该用名词形式，故填excitement。‎ ‎65. to teach 考查不定式。aim to do sth表示＂力求做某事＂，为固定用法，故填to teach。‎ ‎66. a 考查固定短语。固定短语as a result的意思是＂因此＂，故填a。‎ ‎67. their 考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填their。‎ ‎68. has increased 考查动词时态。根据时间状语Since then判断句子用现在完成时，根据主谓一致的原则可知应填has increased。‎ ‎69. By 考查介词。此处表示一种方式，用＂by+动名词＂，故填By。‎ ‎70. Hopefully 考查副词。所填词是作状语，用副词形式，故填Hopefully。‎ ‎17. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Most kinds of rose plants come from Asia. But roses are also native to other areas including ‎ northwest Africa, Europe and the United State. In ___61___ year 1986, the U.S. Congress ___62___ (choose) the rose as America's national flower.‎ Some people say roses are difficult ___63___(grow). But you have a good chance of success if you start with a few ___64___(suggest ) from experts. You should plant your roses ___65___they can get sunshine for about six hours on bright days. ^,9^y6kCX7KSome gardeners say potted roses are ___66___( easy) to plant than bare-root ones. ‎ QKhMWhen growing roses, the soil should feel damp deep down. Watering should ___67___( do)in the morning. That can prevent problems called black spot.‎ ‎,)rfyqAnt8t[Qw. But do not water too much. Experts advise pulling away mulch___68___ ( temporary) from around the roots after heavy rains or too much watering. This will help dry the soil. Ms+vY=xXi7ZU^%mfk(In normal conditions, ___69___ ( place)mulch around rose plants is a good idea. ‎ i))3XF%_s)2azk If your soil is very dry, you can add peat, __70___ returns nutrients to the soil. If insects invade your rose bushes, you may be able to force them off with just a strong spray of water.‎ 文章大意：在本文中作者介绍了玫瑰花的种植方法和一些注意事项。比如：应该将玫瑰种植在晴天能接收大约6个小时日照的地方；不要过多浇水等等。‎ ‎61. the 固定短语：in the year 1986“在1986年”，相当于 in 1986，填the。‎ ‎62. chose 根据时间状语可知应该用动词过去式，填chose。‎ ‎63. to grow 固定句型：be +adj. +to do ，在该句型中不定式作状语。‎ ‎64. suggestions a few修饰复数名词，填suggestions。‎ ‎65. where 此处是地点状语从句，意思是把玫瑰种在日照充足的地方，填where。‎ ‎66. easier 从上下文可知此处指盆栽的玫瑰比起裸根栽培要容易，信息提示词是than，用比较级easier。‎ ‎67. be done 从句意可知此处是被动意思，填be done。‎ ‎68. temporarily 修饰动词pull用副词形式，填temporarily。‎ ‎69. placing 此处是动名词短语作主语，填placing。‎ ‎70. which 从结构可知此处是非限制性定语从句，指代peat，用which。‎ ‎18.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Every year over 5,000 people 61 (injure) due to violence, most of 62 are young people in low-income neighborhoods. Job programs for teens done with school seem 63 (have ) little ‎ effect on violence.‎ But summer employment for kids still in school may be effective, according to a study 64 professor Sara Heller at the University of Pennsylvania. ‎ By the end of last month, Sara Heller 65 (follow)more than 1,500 young people taking part in a Chicago program called One Summer Plus. One group of kids worked 25 hours a week, with an adult mentor. Another group worked 15 hours and got 10 hours of social-emotional 66 ( educate).‎ A control group got nothing. 67 ( base)on school and police records, Heller found a 43 percent decrease in 68 ( violence) crime in the two groups that had jobs. This lasted long after the program ended.‎ The work 69 ( apparent)helps students learn to manage conflict and improve self -control.‎ Heller concluded that intervention programs could be low-cost and effective, “even for a problem 70 destructive and complex as youth violence.”‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎61. are injured 62. whom 63. to have 64. by 65.had followed ‎ ‎66.education 67. Based 68.violent 69.apparently 70. as ‎【文章大意】暴力行为不只是犯罪问题，同时也关系到公众的健康。宾夕法尼亚大学刑事学者萨拉.海勒的一项研究显示在校青少年暑期打工或许能帮助减少青少年的犯罪行为，有效制止暴力事件的发生。‎ ‎64. by 考查介词。By可以表示“由，被”，根据句意填by。、‎ ‎65.had followed 考查动词时态。根据时间状语By the end of last month,判断用过去完成时，填had followed。‎ ‎66.education 考查名词。形容词后面跟名词，填education。 ‎ ‎67. Based 考查固定短语。Be based on “根据，依据”，在句首做状语，用过去分词。‎ ‎68.violent 考查形容词。修饰名词crime用形容词形式，填violent。‎ ‎69.apparently 考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，填apparently。‎ ‎70. as 考查连词。此处是as……as结构，填as。‎ ‎19.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（原创）‎ A speaker was giving a lecture to his student on stress _____1_____(manage). He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, "_____2_____ heavy do you think this glass of water is?" The student' answers ranged from 20g to 500g. "It does not matter on the absolute weight. It depends on how long you hold _____3_____. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call____4____ ambulance. It is the exact same weight, but the _____5_____（long） I hold it, the heavier it becomes." If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will not be able to carry on, the burdens are becoming ______6______ (increasing)heavier." What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before _______7_______（hold） it up again."‎ We have to put down the burden periodically, so that we can ____8_____(refresh) and are able to carry on. So _____9______ you return home from work tonight, put the burdens of work down. Don't carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow. Whatever burdens you are having now on your shoulders, let it down _____10_____ a moment if you can. Life is short, enjoy it!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.management 2.How 3.it 4.an 5.longer 6.increasingly 7. holding 8.be refreshed 9.before 10.for ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何减轻工作中的压力的方法。‎ ‎1.management 此处on是介词，后接名词短语stress management。‎ ‎2.How 根据句意可知，你认为一杯水有多重？故用how。‎ ‎3.it 此处it指一杯水。 4.an 此处ambulance是可数名词，用an表示泛指。5.longer 此处是the+比较级，the+比较级句型。6.increasingly 修饰形容词用副词形式。7. holding 此处before是介词，其后用动名词。8.be refreshed 此处用被动语态，我们可以再次被补充能量。9.before 根据句意：在回家之前，把工作负担放下。不要把工作带回家。 10.for此处for a moment 意为：一会儿。‎ ‎20.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The 61____ Chinese dynasty to rule came from Manchuria, in northeast China. The Manchus were unable to 62other nations from interfering with China. The British defeated China in the Opium ‎ Wars. The outsiders seized Hong Kong, 63___ more importantly, the British forced the Chinese government 64____( allow) them to sell a dangerous drug called opium to the Chinese people. Japan 65___(seize) the island of Formosa, which later became 66(know) as Taiwan. By the turn of the twentieth century, foreigners had overrun China. Parts of China were ruled by British, French, American, German, Russian, and Japanese forces. The Chinese people believed that the Manchus 67___(lose)the Mandate of Heaven. Many people began to support a group known 68 the Nationalists, who pledged to free China 69___ foreign rule. In 1911, the Nationalists drove from power a six-year-old boy, who was 70____ last of the Manchu rulers.‎ 短文填空：61. last 62. stop/prevent/keep 63. but 64. to allow 65. seized ‎66. known 67. had lost 68. as 69. from 70. the 短文填空：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎65. 根据became 可知这里指的是过去的事情所以应该用过去式，故选seized。]‎ ‎66. 这里是短语be/become known as 以……而出名。故用known。 ‎ ‎67. 因为lose发生在动词believed之前，这里是表示过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时，故用had lost。 ‎ ‎68.这里是介词as“作为”，故用as。 ‎ ‎69. 这里是短语free …from …使……得以解放或给予自由。故用from。 ‎ ‎70.这里表示特指，表示是最后一个统治者，故用 the。‎ ‎ ‎