江苏省镇江市2020届高三6月调研考试（三模考试）英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省镇江市2020届高三6月调研考试（三模考试）英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com2020届镇江市高三教学情况调研（三）英语试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共85分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Washhishair.B.Dryhishair.C.Havehishaircut.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpayaltogether?A.$20.B.$60.C.$70.3.Whereshouldthemangoforlunch?A.Tothefirstfloor.B.Tothethirdfloor.C.Tothefourthfloor.4.Howwillthemancontactlocalcompanies?A.Byringingthem.B.Byvisitingthem.C.Bywritingtothem.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Songs.B.Movies.C.Apopstar.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthemancomplain?A.Hisbagistooheavy.B.Hishomeistoofaraway.C.Thethingsaretooexpensive.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shedoesnotliketotravel.B.ShehasbeentoHongKongbefore.C.Sheboughtmanypresentsforherkids.-33- 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howdidthemanfindthisplace?A.Hereadaboutitinanewspaper.B.HesawanadpostedonthewindowC.HeknewaboutitthroughtheInternet.9.Whatisgoodabouttheapartmentaccordingtothewoman?A.Itisconvenientlylocated.BIthasmanyrooms.C.Itisveryaffordable.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Abook.B.Abuilding.C.Agroup.11.Howoftenisthesmallbookpublished?A.Onceamonth.B.Twiceayear.C.Onceayear.12.WhatisJanetfondof?A.Writingpoetry.B.Editingpoetry.C.Organizingmeetings听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whoisthewoman?A.Acaptain.B.Apassenger.C.Ahostess.14.Whatisoneofthequalificationsforanairlinepilot’slicense?A.Havingenoughflyingexperience.B.Masteringseverallanguages.CBeingyoungerthan45.15.Whatshouldapilotdobeforeeachflight?A.Followthechecklists.B.Warmupalltheengine.C.Makesuretherearenobreaksinthewings.16.Whatshouldapilotdoifanenginebreaksdownjustbeforetake-off?A.Trytostopatonce.B.Landonalongrunway.C.Landaftershortflyingaround.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。-33- 17.Whatticketsarestillavailable?A.TheonesforSpiderandRose.B.TheonesforTheWildDuck.C.TheonesforTwelfthNight.18.WhyshouldthelistenersgettotheArtCenteratabout4:45?A.Toavoidmissingtheshows.B.TomakeavisittotheArtsCenterC.Togetenoughtimeforthelongjourney19.Whatshouldthelistenerspaytosee?A.TheScottishjewellery.B.TheRussianballetexhibition.C.TheSouthAmericanphotographs.20.Whereshouldthelistenersbeat10:20?A.Onthegroundfloorofthecenter.B.Onthefirstfloorofthecenter.CAttheBridgeStreetexit.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。1.ThebeautyofatournamentliketheWorldCupis________itcanbewildlyunpredictable.A.whetherB.howC.thatD.why【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连接词。句意：像世界杯这样的赛事的美妙之处在于，它完全不可预测。此处为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故应用that引导。故选C。2.Morecheckpointsweresetupinthecountrytoensureresidentscouldbe________forthevirus.A.cancelledB.containedC.strengthenedD.screened-33- 【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该国设立了更多的检查点，以确保居民能够接受病毒筛查。A.cancelled取消；B.contained包含；C.strengthened加强；D.screened筛查。结合后文forthevirus可知此处指接受病毒筛查应用screened。故选D。3.________littlechicksremaininthenest,theyarecompletelydependentontheirparentsforfood.A.EventhoughB.AslongasC.UntilD.Unless【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：只要小鸡待在巢里，它们就会完全依赖它们的父母获得食物。A.Eventhough即使，纵然；B.Aslongas只要；C.Until直到；D.Unless除非。结合句意可知此处为条件状语从句，选项BAslongas“只要”符合句意。故选B。4.Haveself-awarenessofhowmuchworkyoucan________atanytimeandmanageexpectations.A.relyonB.pickonC.takeonD.drawon【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在任何时候都要清楚自己能承担多少工作，并控制自己的期望值。A.relyon依靠；B.pickon挑选；C.takeon承担；D.drawon利用，吸收。takeonwork承担工作，属于固定搭配。故选C项。5.Trytobearesponsibleschoolbynotallowinganyonetoattendclass,________hashadafever.A.whoB.whichC.asD.that【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：试着成为一个负责任的学校，不允许任何发烧的人上课。本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词anyone，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who或that，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。6.Someparentswanttheirchildrentoshowcomplete________totheirwishes,which-33- isharmfultotheirkids’characterbuilding.A.submissionB.addictionC.limitationD.admission【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些父母希望他们的孩子完全服从他们的意愿，这对孩子的性格建设是有害的。A.submission服从；B.addiction上瘾，沉溺；C.limitation限制；D.admission入场费。结合后文totheirwishes，可知此处指父母希望孩子服从（submission）父母的意愿。故选A。7.Theremainsofanimalsandplantswhich________inornearwateraremostlikelytobepreservedA.hadlivedB.livedC.liveD.areliving【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：生活在水中或水边的动植物的遗骸最有可能被保存下来。根据上文Theremainsofanimalsandplants可知这些动植物已经死去，因此是过去生活在水中或水边，应用一般过去时。故选B。8.Thequalityoflifeisa(n)________surveytoindividualsorgroup’sphysicalfunctions,andpsychologicalandsocialadaptation.A.representativeB.productiveC.impressiveD.comprehensive【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活质量是对个人或群体身体机能、心理和社会适应能力的综合调查。A.representative典型的；B.productive能生产的；C.impressive给人印象深刻的；D.comprehensive综合的，全面的。结合后文toindividualsorgroup’sphysicalfunctions,andpsychologicalandsocialadaptation可知此处指对个人或群体身体机能、心理和社会适应能力的综合（comprehensive）调查。故选D。-33- 9.Anxietyaboutsocialstatusleadstohighlevelsofstress,which________leadstohealthproblems.A.inturnB.inorderC.infactD.inshort【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：对社会地位的焦虑导致高度的压力，压力反过来又导致健康问题。A.inturn轮流，反过来；B.inorder整齐；C.infact事实上；D.inshort总之，简言之。结合句意可知，焦虑导致压力，压力反过来（inturn）又会导致健康问题。故选A。10.Withruralecosystemimproving,thenumberoftouriststovillages________yearbyyear.A.haveincreasedB.increasesC.isincreasingD.areincreasing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着乡村生态系统的改善，到乡村旅游的人数正在逐年增加。此处强调动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且thenumberof表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选C。11.VolunteeringispleasantandthereissomuchmoreIcoulddoifI________thetime.A.hadhadB.hadC.wouldhaveD.couldhavehad【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：做志愿者是很愉快的，如果我有时间，我能做得更多。根据thereissomuchmoreIcoulddo可知本句是与现在事实相反的假设，从句应用“If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）。故选B项。12.Bytheendof2020,asisclearlystated,povertyreliefwork________acrossthecountry.A.willhaveaccomplishedB.hasbeenaccomplished-33- C.hasaccomplishedD.willhavebeenaccomplished【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：到2020年底，全国扶贫开发工作将基本完成。根据Bytheendof2020可知主句的时态为将来完成时，且主语为povertyreliefwork，因此要用被动语态。故选D项。13.Floyd,a46-year-oldblackman,diedhopelessly,________againstthefloorbyapolicemanfornineminutes,whichgaverisetoproteststhroughouttheUSAA.havingpinnedB.tobepinningC.pinningD.havingbeenpinned【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗洛伊德，一位46岁的黑人，被一名警察按压在地上9分钟后，无助地死去，这引发了全美的抗议行动。分析句子结构可知，动词pin在句中作定语，和主语Floyd是被动关系，而且动词pin动作的发生早于谓语动词die，需用havingbeendone结构。故选D。14.—________,andeverymanhishour.—Butmineseemsaverylongtimecoming.A.acathasninelivesB.RatsdesertasinkingshipC.EverydoghashisdayD.Finefeathersmakefinebirds【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查习惯表达。句意：——人人皆有得意时。——但我的好像还要很久才来。A.acathasninelives猫有九条命，寓意吉人自有天相；B.Ratsdesertasinkingship船沉鼠先逃，指那些一遇到危险就争先寻求安全或一看见困难便躲得老远的人；C.Everydoghashisday人人都有得意的日子；D.Finefeathersmakefinebirds人靠衣装。结合后半句andeverymanhishour.可知此处为习惯表达“Everydoghashisday,andeverymanhishour.”表示“人人皆有得意时”。故选C。15.—Don’tbenervouswhenyouhaveaCTpicturetaken,OK?-33- —________A.Well,Iwon’tB.That’strueC.Yes,I’dlovetoD.OK,Iwill【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——拍CT照片时不要紧张。好吗？——嗯，我不会的。A.Well,Iwon’t好，我不会的；B.That’strue当然；C.Yes,I’dloveto是的，我愿意；D.OK,Iwill好，我会的。上文中对方说拍CT照时不要紧张，应当回答“好，我不会（紧张）的”，A选项符合语境。故选A。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。StrugglingtoLetGoofMyCollege-StudentDaughterWhenIsentmydaughter,Emma,offforherfreshmanyearofcollegeafewyearsago,Iwassaddowntomybones.Indeed,thisistheseasonwhencountlessarticlesarepublishedrecommendinghelicopterparentstostophovering(盘旋)somuch.____16____basedonEmma’scollegeschedule“helicopterchildren”maybemore____17____.Thefirstoneoutofmy____18____hascomeflutteringbackhomenearlyeverymonthoftheyear.Inthemeantime,____19____keepsourchildrenconnectedfarmorethanIwaswithmy____20____inthelate70s.Iusedtocallhomeonceaweekfromapayphone.Emmacalls,textsore-mailsmealmosteveryday.Givenallthis,missingEmmaseemskindof____21____;I’veneverreallygottenthechance.Sowhy,then,haveIstillfeltthatI’veexperiencedagreat____22____?AllSummerlong____23____Emmaleftthatfirstyear,Icried____24____—ateverything.ItookEmmaoutforcountlessmother-daughterbreakfasts,lunches,coffeesandwalks.Atthesametime,Iwasunusually_____25_____.Inmyeyes,Emmahadspenttheweeksgoingoutwithherfriendstoomuch,notworkingenoughand_____26_____not-33- spendingenoughtimewithme!Althoughit’stakenquiteawhileto_____27_____whatwashappening,Inowunderstandthatmyunhappinessandanxietyarenota(n)_____28_____ofhowmuchtimeEmmaandIspendtogether._____29_____howoftenshecomeshome,Emmaisnowgoneinafargrandersense.Sheiswellontheroadto_____30_____,andfromthis,shewillnever_____31_____.Iknowfullwellthatthisiscompletely_____32_____.AndItakeprideandjoyinseeingEmmamakeherwaysoconfidentlyandcapably.She’sgoingtobefineandwewillalwaysremain_____33_____.Nonetheless,Emma’sgoingtocollegehas_____34_____thepassingofsomethingthatIcherished—herchildhoodandmy_____35_____toherasachild—andIcan’thelpbeingalittlesadaboutthat.16.A.SoB.ButC.AndD.Or17.A.ambiguousB.formalC.accurateD.dull18.A.nestB.favourC.wayD.head19.A.loveB.technologyC.respectD.responsibility20.A.classmatesB.teachersC.colleaguesD.parents21.A.addictiveB.accessibleC.absurdD.adorable22.A.insightB.lossC.shiftD.belief23.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.beyond24.A.openlyB.angrilyC.loudlyD.constantly25.A.criticalB.punctualC.economicalD.practical26.A.certainlyB.exactlyC.probablyD.gradually27.A.rejectB.neglectC.dismissD.realize28.A.compositionB.collectionC.applicationD.reflection-33- 29.A.ApartfromB.InsteadofC.RegardlessofD.Accordingto30.A.innocenceB.adulthoodC.happinessD.success31.A.returnB.respondC.regretD.recover32.A.apparentB.excellentC.uniqueD.normal33.A.closeB.guiltyC.distantD.indifferent34.A.contradictedB.definedC.signaledD.recalled35.A.complaintB.crueltyC.relationshipD.disappointment【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.B20.D21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.A27.D28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要记叙了几年前，作者送女儿Emma去上大学时发现自己很悲伤，描写了Emma去上大学前后作者的感受，最终作者意识到是Emma童年的逝去让自己感到失落。女儿如今踏入成年的道理，不会回来了。作者无法不为这些消逝感到些许落寞。【16题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但根据Emma的大学时间表，“直升机孩子”可能更准确。A.So所以；B.But但是；C.And并且；D.Or或者。此处结合上下文语境为转折关系，应用连词but。故选B。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但根据Emma的大学时间表，“直升机孩子”可能更准确。A.ambiguous模糊不清的；B.formal正式的；C.accurate精确的；D.dull迟钝的。结合后文作者描述艾玛不再像以前那样和有时间和自己在一起，可知作者此处形容词Emma为“直升机孩子”更准确。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个离家的孩子自上大学以来几乎每个月都会拍腾着翅膀飞回巢里来。A.nest鸟巢；B.favour赞同；C.way方法；D.head头。结合后文hascomeflutteringback-33- home可知此处指艾玛去上大学，离开家，即飞出巢的鸟儿几乎每个月都会飞回家。故选A。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，科技让我们的孩子与外界的联系比70年代末我与父母的联系要紧密得多。A.love爱；B.technology技术；C.respect尊重；D.responsibility责任。结合后文Emmacalls,textsore-mailsmealmosteveryday.可知艾玛这一代科技发达，所以科技让孩子与外界的联系更紧密了。故选B。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，科技让我们的孩子与外界的联系比70年代末我与父母的联系要紧密得多。A.classmates同学；B.teachers老师；C.colleagues同事；D.parents父母。此处作者在将自己和自己的孩子与作者和父母的那一代相比较，作者与父母70年代的时候科技不发达，所以与外界联系并不紧密。故选D。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这么看，想念艾玛简直是件荒谬的事情。我根本没有机会想念她。A.addictive使人上瘾的；B.accessible易接近的；C.absurd荒谬的；D.adorable可爱的。因为Emma几乎每天都给作者打电话、发短信或发电子邮件，所以说想念艾玛有点荒谬。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为什么从某种程度上讲，我还是感到如此的失落呢？？A.insight洞察力；B.loss损失；C.shift转移；D.belief信念。结合后文作者经常哭可知，Emma去上大学让作者觉得经历了巨大的失落。故选B。【23题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：在Emma离开的前一年的整个夏天，我对每件事都不停地哭。A.after在……之后；B.before在……之前；C.since既然；D.beyond超过。结合后文ItookEmmaoutforcountlessmother-daughterbreakfasts,lunches,coffeesandwalks.可知是指在Emma离开的前一年的整个夏天。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：艾玛离家之前的整个夏天，我哭个没完没了。A.openly公开地；B.angrily愤怒地；C.loudly大声地；D.constantly不断地。结合后文ateverything可知作者哭个没完没了。故选D。【25题详解】-33- 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我异乎寻常地挑剔。A.critical挑剔的，批评的；B.punctual守时的；C.economical经济的；D.practical实际的。结合后文作者觉得Emma这几个星期和朋友们出去玩得太多了，没有花足够的时间和自己在一起，可知作者因为艾玛即将离开而变得非常挑剔。故选A。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，Emma这几个星期和朋友们出去玩得太多了，学习不刻苦，当然也没有花足够的时间和我在一起！A.certainly当然；B.exactly恰好地；C.probably可能；D.gradually逐渐地。艾玛的时间都拿去和朋友们出去玩了，当然（certainly）就没有花足够的时间和作者在一起。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然过了一段时间以后我才意识到自己到底怎么了，不过我现在知道，我的不悦和焦虑（虽然有所缓解但是到现在还未完全消失）的根源并不是艾玛到底陪了我多。A.reject拒绝；B.neglect忽视；C.dismiss解散；D.realize意识到。结合后文whatwashappening可知此处指作者花了很长时间才意识到发生了什么。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然过了一段时间以后我才意识到自己到底怎么了，不过我现在知道，我的不悦和焦虑（虽然有所缓解但是到现在还未完全消失）的根源并不是艾玛到底陪了我多久。A.composition作文；B.collection收集；C.application应用；D.reflection反映。作者一开始因为Emma没有花时间和自己在一起不高兴，而如今终于意识到自己的不快乐和焦虑并不是艾玛到底陪了自己多久。故选D。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：不管她回家有多频繁，从一个更广阔的概念上说，她离我而去了。A.Apartfrom除了；B.Insteadof而不是；C.Regardlessof不管；D.Accordingto根据。结合后文howoftenshecomeshome,Emmaisnowgoneinafargrandersense.可知不管（Regardlessof）现在Emma多久回家一次，在更大的意义上，Emma现在已经离开了。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她已经踏上了成年的道路，从此以后，她再也不会回来了。A.innocence无罪；B.adulthood成年；C.happiness幸福；D.success成功。结合后文提到的Emma上大学标志着她的童年时期已经逝去，可知Emma如今已经步入成年。故选B。【31题详解】-33- 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她已经踏上了成年的道路，从此以后，她再也不会回来了。A.return返回；B.respond回答；C.regret后悔；D.recover恢复。结合上文艾玛已经步入成年，那么从此以后，她再也不会回来了。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很清楚这是完全正常的。A.apparent显然的；B.excellent卓越的；C.unique独特的；D.normal正常的。人总要长大，步入成年，艾玛也是一样，这是完全正常的。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她会好起来的，我们会永远保持亲密的关系。A.close亲密的；B.guilty内疚的；C.distant遥远的；D.indifferent冷漠的。艾玛始终是作者的孩子，所以他们永远会保持亲密的关系。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但无论如何，艾玛离家上大学，也意味着某些我所珍视的东西的消逝——她的童年以及我们的亲子关系。恕我无法不为这些消逝感到些许落寞。A.contradicted反驳；B.defined定义；C.signaled标志，以动作向……示意；D.recalled回想起。结合后文thepassingofsomethingthatIcherished—herchildhood以及全文可知作者已经意识到艾玛上大学标志着她的童年和与自己的关系的逝去。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但无论如何，艾玛离家上大学，也意味着某些我所珍视的东西的消逝——她的童年以及我们的亲子关系。恕我无法不为这些消逝感到些许落寞。A.complaint抱怨；B.cruelty残酷；C.relationship关系；D.disappointment失望。全文作者始终在论述艾玛上大学以后和自己的关系问题，如今终于意识到艾玛上大学标志着作者与小时候Emma关系的逝去。故选C。第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AWhoCanApply-33- *First-yearfallapplicants*TransferstudentsthroughthetransferadmissionprocessHowtoApplyForeachclass,webringtogetheravariedmixofhigh-achieving,intellectuallygiftedstudentsfromdiversebackgroundstocreateanexceptionallearningcommunity.Wecareaboutwhatstudentshaveaccomplishedinandoutoftheclassroom.Theprocessishighlyselective.Inrecentyears,we’veofferedadmissiontolessthan7percentofapplicants.Asyouprepareyourapplication,helpustoappreciateyourtalents,academicaccomplishmentsandpersonalachievements.We’llaskforyourtranscript(成绩单)andrecommendations,andwewillwanttoknowmorethanjustthestatisticsinyourfile.Tellusyourstory.Showuswhat’sspecialaboutyou.TellushowyouwouldseizetheacademicandnonacademicopportunitiesatPrincetonandcontributetothePrincetoncommunity.Aboveall,pleasewriteinastylethatreflectsyourownvoice.PrincetonacceptstheCoalitionApplicationandCommonApplication.Princetontreatsthemallequally.Toapply,youwillneedtosubmitonlineeithertheCoalitionApplicationortheCommonApplication,plusthePrincetonSupplement.WhentoApplyYouhavetwochoicesforapplyingtoPrincetonforfirst-yearadmission—single-choiceearlyactionorregulardecision.Beforeyoubeginpreparingyourapplication,westronglyencourageyoutoreviewourstandardizedtestingpolicy,whichincludesdetailedinformationregardingourstandardizedtestingrequirements.*Single-choiceEarlyAction,alsoknownasrestrictiveearlyaction(IfyouhavethoroughlyresearchedyourcollegeoptionsandhavedecidedthatPrincetonisyourfirstchoice)Nov.1ApplicationDueNov.9PrincetonFinancialAidApplicationDue*RegularDecisionJan.1ApplicationDueFeb.1PrincetonFinancialAidApplicationDue-33- 36.WhatshouldbeincludedintheapplicationtoPrincetonUniversity?A.Talentsthatyouhavegreatappreciationfor.B.Storiesthatreflectwhatpeoplethinkofyou.C.Statisticsthatshowyouracademicaccomplishments.D.ContributionsthatyouhavemadetothePrincetoncommunity.37.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.transferstudentsarenotqualifiedforapplicationB.studentsneedtosubmittheirapplicationbyfaxC.thechanceofbeingadmittedisrelativelylowD.applicantsshouldtakePrincetonastheirsinglechoice【答案】36.C37.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，是有关普林斯顿大学入页内容显示。【36题详解】细节理解题。在HowtoApply项目的第三段中，由“We’llaskforyourtranscript(成绩单)andrecommendations,andwewillwanttoknowmorethanjustthestatisticsinyourfile.”可知，校方要求申请者提供成绩单和推荐信，而且想要了解除了档案中的这部分数据之外更多的关于申请者的信息。即，申请者提供有关学业成就的数据是基本要求之一。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。从HowtoApply项目的第二段的最后一句“Inrecentyears,we’veofferedadmissiontolessthan7percentofapplicants.”可知，最近几年，Princeton录取的学生不到申请者的7%。也就是说，被Princeton录取的几率是相对较低的，因此选C。【点睛】在做细节理解题的时候，根据题干，准确地到原文中进行信息定位非常重要。例如第一小题，题干问我们申请普林斯顿大学的时候需要哪些东西，根据这个问题可迅速定位到“HowtoApply”这一项。然后根据关键词application，进一步定位到这部分的第三段，细读该段一二两句话，即可得出答案：显示申请者学业成就的成绩数据是必不可少的。BYou’vegotthebutter,theeggs,theorganicsaladgreensandthelaundrysoap.-33- Andsoyoumakeyourwaytothefrontofthegrocerystore,whichiswhereyou’llfaceyourmomentoftruth:Willyoustepinbehindthemomwithawigglybabyandafullcart?OrtakeyourchanceswiththeyoungcoupleyouspottedarguingoverthebestmilkinAisle3B?Bettermakeupyourmind,quick.Because,fasterthantheguywith“justoneitem”who’sabouttocutinline,thiswholesceneisgoingtodisappear.Amazonrecentlyopeneditsownconveniencestore,AmazonGo,inSeattle.It’sthefirstofitskind:atrulycashlessgroceryexperienceinwhichshoppersenterthroughgatesthatlooklikesubwayturnstiles(闸机),takewhattheywantfromtheshelvesandexitthewaytheycame.Nocarts,nolines,nowaiting.ThestoreaccuratelylistswhatyoutakeandchargesyourAmazonaccount,efficientlydeliveringanelectronicreceiptafteryou’veleft.LikemostthingsthatAmazondoes,thissmellslikeinevitability.Weknow,assurelyasweknewthedaythatfirstAmazonboxshoweduponthedoorstep,thatthefutureofshoppinghasarrived.Likeallprogress,itcomesatacost.“Basedondata”,saysManojThomas,aprofessorofmarketingatCornellUniversity,“weknowthatwhenpeopleuseanyabstractformofpayment,theyspendmore.Andthetypeofproductstheychoosechangestoo.”Decadesofpsychologicalresearchhasreinforcedtheknowledgethatthefurtherweareremovedfrom“thepainofpaying,”thelessweunderstandhowmuchwerereallyspending.“Ifyouarepayingbycreditcard,”saysThomas,“youmightpauseatthecheckoutandsuddenlythink,”ShouldIbebuyingthis?“Orifyouarepayingcash,thatreflectionhappensattheverybeginning.BothwillbegonewiththeAmazonstore.”Unhealthyimpulsepurchasesandoverspendingwillresultfromit,hesays.“Botharecompletelyrelatedbecausetheyareinfluencedbyourimpulseurges.”WinIsThomasadvocatingthatweallmakearunfortheatmandattempttoturnbacktimebyusingoldhardcurrency?“No,no,no,”hesays.Heenvisionsaworldinwhichyou’llbeabletosetbudgetorcalorielimitsonanappthatwillrecognizewhenyoupickupunhealthyorbudget-bustingitemsandwillwarnyouthattheyfalloutsideyourgoals.Heexpressesconfidencethatthere-33- issometechherooutthererightnow,figuringoutthisexactsolutiontokeepusallonthestraightandnarrow.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thiswholescene”inParagraph2referto?A.Customersarguingoverthebestitem.B.Customersliningupatthecheckout.C.Customerscuttinginlineforthebargains.D.Customersdoingshoppingwiththeirbabies.39.WhatmightyouexperienceifyoudoshoppinginAmazonGo?A.Less“painofpaying”atthecheckoutcounter.B.Conveniententeringthroughsubwayturnstiles.C.Overspendingonmorethanyouactuallyneed.D.Quickerdeliveringofgoodstoyourcar.40.ManojThomasprobablyholdstheviewthat________.A.abstractpaymentcontributestomarketprosperityB.impulseconsumptionmayberegulatedwiththenewappC.extraspendingwillsurelynothappenwiththewarningoftheappD.itisbetterforpeopletousecashorcreditcardstoavoidoverspending【答案】38.B39.C40.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AmazonGo创建了第一个无现金商店，但是却导致了人们出现过度消费和冲动消费的现象。针对这种现象，ManojThomas提出建立一个app用来控制人们的这两种消费现象。【38题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Bettermakeupyourmind,quick.Because,fasterthantheguywith“justoneitem”who’sabouttocutinline,”你要快点做决定，因为要比那个拿着一件东西就要插队的家伙要快，可知这个场景描述的是顾客排队的景象。由此可知，划线词的意思是“顾客在收银台前排队”。故选B项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’sthefirstofitskind:atrulycashlessgroceryexperience”和“Nocarts,nolines,nowaiting.Thestoreaccuratelylistswhatyou-33- takeandchargesyourAmazonaccount,efficientlydeliveringanelectronicreceiptafteryou’veleft.”可知，AmazonGo创建了第一个无现金商店，在这里购物不需要手推车，不需要排队和等待，商店会准确罗列你想要的东西，并且收取你Amazon账户的现金，在你离开后把电子账单发送给你。根据倒数第三段“Unhealthyimpulsepurchasesandoverspendingwillresultfromit”他说，这将导致不健康的冲动消费和过度消费”。可知，这种无现金交易会让我们的花销超过实际上所需要的花销。故选C项。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heenvisionsaworldinwhichyou’llbeabletosetbudgetorcalorielimitsonanappthatwillrecognizewhenyoupickupunhealthyorbudget-bustingitemsandwillwarnyouthattheyfalloutsideyourgoals.”可知，他设想了这样一个世界，在这个世界里，你可以在一个应用程序上设定预算或热量限制，当你拿起不健康或预算超支的物品时，这个应用程序就会识别出来，并提醒你它们超出了你的预算。ManojThomas认为冲动购买和超支购买都受我们一时冲动的影响，所以他建议应该建立一个app用来警示我们，不要偏离我们的预算，所以冲动的消费可以通过这个新的应用程序来控制。故选B项。CEliudKipchoge’sextraordinarysub-two-hourmarathoninViennaonSaturdayisoneofthegreatestsportingachievements—recordingatimethathasneverbeenachievedbefore,again.Itisatimeonthefringes(边缘)ofwhatscientistsbelieveishumanlypossible.“ItisagreatfeelingtomakehistoryinsportafterSirRogerBannisterin1954.IamthehappiestmanintheworldtobethefirsthumantorunundertwohoursandIcantellpeoplethatnohumanislimited,”Kipchogesaidafterwards.Isheright?Wherearethelimitsofhumanability?Andhowclosearewetoreachingthem?RaphBrandon,headofscienceforEnglandcricket,distinguishesbetweenachievementswhichareconstrained(限制)byhumananatomy(解剖学),andthosewhichrequirehumandeterminationorskill.“WhenBoltran9.58inBerlin10yearsago,ifyouanalysethesplittimesit’sveryhardtoimaginewheretheimprovementcomesfrom,”saidBrandon,“TheUsain-33- Bolt100morthetwo-hourmarathon,they’reinthatcategory.”Multi-day,ultra-enduranceevents,suchasThomas’scross-Channelswim,aredifferent,Brandonsaid.“Theyneeddetermination,psychologyandbloody-mindednesstogothatlittlebitfurther.Thosepeoplewillcontinuetodouniquethingsbecauseyou’renotreallytakingthebodytoitsanatomicallimit.It’smoreaquestionofhowmuchyou’repreparedtoconsumeandexhaustyourself.”Andthere’sathirdcategory,thosesportingendeavours(努力)thatrelyonhand-eyecoordination:thegoaltalliesofCristianoRonaldoandLionelMessi,andthebattingofViratKohliSteveSmithorDonBradman,whotrainedbyhittingagolfballwithastumpagainstawalltobecomethebestbatsmanevertoplayTestcricket.Equipmenthasbeenafactorformanysports.NFLreceiverswearglovesthatenablethemtomakeimprobableone-handedcatches.TheGBcyclingteamswepttheboardattheOlympicsbecauseoftheiramazingnewclothingtech.Thelinebetweenwhatisfairandunfairisblurry.Kipchoge’ssub-two-hourrunwillnotbeofficiallyrecognized.Heranbehindacarwhichbeamedagreenlaserontothegroundinfrontofhim.Teamsofpacemakers,41intotal,raninav-formationtoprotecthimfromheadwinds(逆风).Heworespeciallydesignedshoesandthetimeanddateoftheeventwerepickedonlyafterdetailedweatherforecasting.JoDavies,asportpsychologist,saysrecentstudieshaveshownathletescanpushthemselvesharderbecauseoftheirperceptionofexhaustion.Otherresearchpublishedthisyearwhichlookedatathleteswhohadwonmultiplegoldmedalsfoundthattheyweredifferentinseveralimportantways.Theyhadoftenhadashockingandupsettinglifeexperienceandhadsufferedsignificantsetbacksintheirperformanceduringtheircareers,aswellaspersonalitytraitsofdetermination,perseveranceandperfectionism.Sowhetherornotthoselimitshavebeenreached,therewillbenoshortageofpeoplepreparedtotrytogobeyondthem.41.WhyisEliudKipchoge’ssub-two-hourmarathonconsideredextraordinary?A.ItwasmadeinViennaonaweekend.-33- B.Itpushedthelimitsofhumanability.C.Itprovedthattherewasnoboundaryofhisachievements.D.ItwasgreaterthantherecordkeptbySirRogerBannister.42.TheUsainBolt100mandthetwo-hourmarathonbelongtothesamecategoryinthat________.A.theyneedgreatdeterminationorskillsB.theycanbeachievedviaequipmentC.theyrelyonhand-eyecoordinationD.theyarereachinganatomicallimit43.Kipchoge’ssub-two-hourmarathonwillnotbeofficiallyrecognizedbecause________.A.hewasfollowedbypacemakersB.hewascaughtinheadwindsC.hegotmuchspecialhelpD.hedidn’trunonthepickedday44.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat________.A.JoDaviesbelievesthatathletesmakeprogressinthesamewayB.anatomicallimitpreventsathletesfromhavingsadlifeexperienceC.anathletewhohassufferedsetbackswillwingoldmedalsD.whetheranathletecansucceedornotmaydependonhimself【答案】41.B42.D43.C44.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了埃利乌德·基普乔奇周六在维也纳成功进行了长达两小时的马拉松比赛，刷新了人类能力的极限从未有过的记录。这一行为引起了人们的议论，因为基普乔奇借助了许多特别的帮助，他们认为基普乔奇的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中IamthehappiestmanintheworldtobethefirsthumantorunundertwohoursandIcantellpeoplethatnohumanislimited,我是世界上最快乐的人，我是第一个跑两小时以内的人，我可以告诉人们没有人是有限的，可知，埃利乌德·基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松被认为是非同寻常的，因为它推动了人类能力的极限。故选B项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“TheUsainBolt100morthetwo-hourmarathon,they’reinthatcategory.”“尤塞恩博尔特100米或两个小时-33- 马拉松都属于这一项。”可知，尤塞恩·博尔特(UsainBolt)的100米和两个小时的马拉松属于同一类别，因为它们都达到了解剖学上的极限。故选D项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中Kipchoge’ssub-two-hourrunwillnotbeofficiallyrecognized.Heranbehindacarwhichbeamedagreenlaserontothegroundinfrontofhim.Teamsofpacemakers,41intotal,raninav-formationtoprotecthimfromheadwinds(逆风).Heworespeciallydesignedshoesandthetimeanddateoftheeventwerepickedonlyafterdetailedweatherforecasting.基普乔奇的不到两小时的跑步将不会得到官方承认。他跟在一辆车后面，那辆车把绿色的激光照射在他前面的地上。总共41支起搏器队伍排成v形队形，以保护他不受逆风影响。他穿着特别设计的鞋子，比赛的时间和日期是在经过详细的天气预报后才确定的。可知，由于得到了很多特别的帮助，基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可。故选C项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段JoDavies,asportpsychologist,saysrecentstudieshaveshownathletescanpushthemselvesharderbecauseoftheirperceptionofexhaustion.运动心理学家乔•戴维斯表示，最近的研究表明，运动员会因为感觉筋疲力尽而更加努力地锻炼自己；倒数第二段中Otherresearchpublishedthisyearwhichlookedatathleteswhohadwonmultiplegoldmedalsfoundthattheyweredifferentinseveralimportantways.今年发表的另一项研究对多枚金牌的运动员进行了研究，发现他们在几个重要方面是不同的；最后一段Sowhetherornotthoselimitshavebeenreached,therewillbenoshortageofpeoplepreparedtotrytogobeyondthem.因此，无论是否达到了这些限制，都不会缺少准备尝试超越它们的人。可知，从最后三段可以推断出一个运动员能否成功可能取决于他自己。故选D项。DAssheranhereyesovertheflight-testcalculationsheetstheengineerhadgivenher,KatherineGoblecouldseetherewassomethingwrongwiththem.Theengineerhadmadeanerrorwithasquareroot(平方根).Anditwasgoingtobetrickytotellhimso.Itwasherfirstdayonthisassignment,whensheandanothergirlhadbeenpickedoutofthecomputingpoolattheLangleyaeronauticallaboratory,tohelptheall-maleflightresearchunit.-33- Buttherewereother,moresignificantsnags(障碍)thansimplybeingnew—hewasamanandshewasawoman.In1953womendidnotquestionmen.Theystayedintheirplace,inthiscaseusuallythecomputingpool,tappingawayontheirdesktopcalculatorsorfillingsheetswithfigures,sheasneatlyturnedoutasalltherest.Menwerethegranddesigners,theengineers;thewomenwere“computersinskirts”,whowerehandedasetofequations(方程式)andexhaustively,diligentlycheckedthem.Menwerenotinterestedinthingsassmallasthat.Nonetheless,thisengineer’scalculationwaswrong.Ifshedidnotaskthequestion,anaircraftmightnotfly,ormightflyandcrash.Soverycarefully,sheaskedit.Wasitpossiblethathecouldhavemadeamistake?Hedidnotadmititbut,byturningthecolourofacoughdrop,heceded(屈服)thepoint.Sheaskedmoresuchquestions,andtheygothernoticed.Astheweekspassed,themen“forgot”toreturnhertothepool.Herincessant“why?”and“how?”madetheirworksharper.Italsochallengedthem.Whyweretheircalculationsofaerodynamicforcessooftenout?Becausetheyweremathsgraduateswhohadforgottentheirgeometry,whereasshehadnot;herhigh-schoolbrillianceatmathshadledtospecialclassesonanalyticgeometryinwhichshe,at13,hadbeentheonlypupil.Whywasshenotallowedtogethernameonaflight-trajectoryreportwhenshehaddonemostofthework?Becausewomendidn’t.Thatwasnoanswer,soshegothernameonthereport,thefirstwomantobesocredited.Whywasshenotallowedintotheengineers’lecturesonorbitalmechanicsandrocketpropulsion?Because“thegirlsdon’tgo”.Why?DidshenotreadAviationWeek,likethem?Shesoonbecamethefirstwomanthere.AsNASA’sfocusturnedfromsupersonicflighttoflightsinspace,shewasthereforedeeplyinvolved,thoughstillbehindthescenes.SheensuredthatAlanShepardsmercurycapsulesplasheddownwhereitcouldbefoundquicklyin1961,andthatJohnGlennin1962couldreturnsafelyfromhisfirstorbitsoftheearth.Indeed,untilshehadcheckedthefiguresbyhandagainstthoseofthenewfangledelectroniccomputer,herefusedtogo.-33- Latershecalculatedthetimingsforthefirstmoonlanding(withtheastronauts’return),andworkedonthespaceshuttle.Butinthegalaxyofspace-programmeheroes,despiteher33yearsintheflightresearchunit,foralongtimeshefeaturednowhere.Itdidnottroubleher.First,shealsohadotherthingstodo:Raiseherthreedaughters,cook,sewtheirclothes,careforhersickfirsthusband.Second,sheknewinherownmindhowgoodshewas—asgoodasanybody.Shecouldhardlybeunawareofit,whenshehadgraduatedfromhighschoolat14andcollegeat18,expertatallthemathsanyoneknewhowtoteachher.Butwhentheirstoryemergedinthe21stcentury,mostnotablyinabookandafilmcalled“hiddenfigure”,shehadaNASAbuildingnamedafterherandashowerofhonorarydoctorates.Doyourbest,shealwayssaidLovewhatyoudo.Beconstantlycurious.Andlearnthatitisnotdumbtoaskaquestion;itisdumbnottoaskit.Notleast,becauseitmightleadtothesmallbutsignificantvictoryofmakingaself-proclaimed(自称的)superiorrealisehecanmakeamistake.45.WhydidKatherinehesitateaboutpointingouttheengineer’serror?A.Becauseshelackedworkingexperienceandwasn’tsureoftheerror.B.Becauseshewasworriedaboutbeingsentbacktothecomputingpool.C.Becausemenplayedadominantroleinthelabandcouldn’tbequestioned.D.Becausethemanwasanauthorityinthatfieldandwouldn’tadmithiserror.46.Womentookonthecalculationworkinthelabbecause________.A.theyweremorecarefulanddiligentthanmenB.menshowedgreatrespectforthemC.theywerefondofdoinglighterworkD.menwereunwillingtodosuchminorthing47.WhathappenedafterKatherineGobleaskedmanyquestionsintheflightresearchunit?A.Maleengineersignoredherdeliberately.B.Shegavemaleengineersadeepimpression.C.Shemadesmallerrorsoccasionally.D.Specialclassesonanalytic-33- geometrywerearranged.48.TheexampleofJohnGlennisgiveninParagraph6toshowthat________.A.KatherineGoblewasconsideredreliableB.hewasastubbornbutcautiouspersonC.computerswereoflesssignificanceatthattimeD.maleengineerspreferredcheckingfiguresbyhand49.KatherineGobledidn’tgettroubledbybeingnameless,because________.A.sheledarelativelybusylifeandwasconfidentaboutherabilityB.shedevotedallhertimetotakingcareofherchildrenC.shereceivedagoodeducationatanearlyageD.shewasordinaryamongmathematicians50.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.agirlwhoaskedquestionsB.AfigurewhoworkeduptoherfameC.AwomanwhowasignoredbymaleworkmatesD.Ascientistwhowascrazyaboutmaths【答案】45.C46.D47.B48.A49.A50.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了KatherineGoble在都是男性主导的飞行研究单位工作的第一天，就发现了飞行测试计算表上有错误，如果她不问这个问题，飞机可能飞不起来，或者飞起来就会坠毁。她小心地问了工程师是否出错的问题和其他更多这样的问题，引起了男人们的注意。最终Katherine的名字出现在飞行轨迹报告上，她的能力得到他人的肯定和信任。她总是说，尽自己最大的努力，热爱自己的工作。要不断地好奇。并学会问问题不是笨，不问才是笨。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Buttherewereother,moresignificantsnags(障碍)thansimplybeingnew—hewasamanandshewasawoman.In1953womendidnotquestionmen.可知但除了单纯的“新”之外，还有其他更重要的障碍——他是男人，她是女人。1953年，女人不会质疑男人。由此可知，Katherine在指出工程师的错误时犹豫不决，因为男人在实验室里占主导地位，不容置疑。故选C。【46题详解】-33- 细节理解题。根据第二段中Menwerethegranddesigners,theengineers;thewomenwere“computersinskirts”,whowerehandedasetofequations(方程式)andexhaustively,diligentlycheckedthem.Menwerenotinterestedinthingsassmallasthat.可知男人是伟大的设计师、工程师；这些妇女就像“穿着裙子的电脑”，她们拿到一组方程式，然后竭尽全力、孜孜不倦地检查它们。男人对那样的小事不感兴趣。由此可知，女性承担了实验室的计算工作，因为男性不愿意做这样的小事。故选D。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Sheaskedmoresuchquestions,andtheygothernoticed.可知她问了更多这样问题，这些问题让她被引起了注意。由此可知，在KatherineGoble在飞行研究部门问了很多问题之后，她给男工程师留下了深刻的印象。故选B。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中SheensuredthatAlanShepardsmercurycapsulesplasheddownwhereitcouldbefoundquicklyin1961,andthatJohnGlennin1962couldreturnsafelyfromhisfirstorbitsoftheearth.可知她确保了1961年AlanShepards的水银舱飞落到可以迅速被发现的地方，确保了1962年JohnGlenn可以从他的第一次地球轨道安全返回。由此可推知，第六段给出了JohnGlenn的例子来说明KatherineGoble被认为是可靠的。故选A。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中Itdidnottroubleher.First,shealsohadotherthingstodo:Raiseherthreedaughters,cook,sewtheirclothes,careforhersickfirsthusband.Second,sheknewinherownmindhowgoodshewas—asgoodasanybody.可知这并没有使她烦恼。首先，她还有其他事情要做：抚养她的三个女儿，做饭，缝制她们的衣服，照顾她生病的第一任丈夫。其次，她心里知道自己有多好——和任何人一样好。由此可知，KatherineGoble并没有因为默默无闻而烦恼，因为她的生活相对忙碌，而且对自己的能力很有信心。故选A。【50题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Doyourbest,shealwayssaidLovewhatyoudo.Beconstantlycurious.Andlearnthatitisnotdumbtoaskaquestion;itisdumbnottoaskit.可知她总是说，尽自己最大的努力，热爱自己的工作。要不断地好奇。并学会问问题不是笨，不问才是笨。结合文章主要记叙了Katherine-33- Goble在都是男性主导的飞行研究单位工作的第一天，就发现了飞行测试计算表上有错误，如果她不问这个问题，飞机可能飞不起来，或者飞起来就会坠毁。她小心地问了工程师是否出错的问题和其他更多这样的问题，引起了男人们的注意。最终Katherine的名字出现在飞行轨迹报告上，她的能力得到他人的肯定和信任。她总是说，尽自己最大的努力，热爱自己的工作。要不断地好奇。并学会问问题不是笨，不问才是笨。由此可知，A选项“一个问问题的女孩”最符合文章标题，故选A。第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共三大题，35分）第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。OnKnowingtheDifferenceItisasthoughwecanknownothingofathinguntilweknowitsname.Canwebesaidtoknowwhatapigeonisunlessweknowthatitisapigeon?Wemayhaveseenitagainandagain,andnoteditasabirdwithafullbosomandswiftwings.Butifwearenotabletonameitexceptvaguelyasa“bird”,weseemtobeseparatedfromitbyavastdistanceofignorance.Learnthatitisapigeonhowever,andimmediatelyitrushestowardsusacrossthedistance,likesomethingseenthroughatelescope.Nodoubttothepigeonfancier(爱好者)thiswouldseembutthemostbasicknowledge,andhewouldnotthinkmuchofouracquaintancewithpigeonsifwecouldnottellacarrierfromapouter.Thatisthecharm(魅力)ofknowledge—itismerelyadoorintoanothersortofignorance.Therearealwaysnewdifferencestobediscovered,newnamestobelearned,newindividualitiestobeknown,newclassificationstobemade.Nomanwithagrainofeitherpoetryorthescientificspiritinhimhasanyrighttobeboredwiththeworld,thoughhelivedforathousandyears.Thereisscarcelyasubjectthatdoesnotcontainsufficientdifferencestokeepanexplorerhappyforalifetime.Itissaidthatthirteenthousandspeciesofbutterflieshavealreadybeendiscovered,anditissuggestedthattheremaybenearlytwiceasmanythathavesofarescapedthenaturalistsManymengiveallthepleasanthoursoftheirlivestolearninghowtoknowthedifferencebetweenonekindofmoth(蛾)andanother.Oneusedtoseethesemoth-huntersonwindlessnightschasingtheir-33- quarryfantasticallywithnetsinthelightoflamps.Inchasingmoths,theychaseknowledge.This,theyfeel,islifeatitsmostexciting,itsmostintense.Thetownsmanpassingafieldofsheepfindsitdifficulttobelievethattheshepherdcandistinguishbetweenoneandanotherofthemwithasmuchcertaintyasiftheywerehischildren.Anddonotmostofusthinkofforeignersasbeingswhoareallturnedoutasifonapattern,likesheep?Thusourfirstgeneralizationsspringfromignoranceratherthanfromknowledge.Theyaretrue,aslongasweknowthattheyarenotentirelytrue.Assoonaswebegintoacceptthemasabsolutetruths,theybecomelies.Idonotwishtodenytheimportanceofgeneralizations.Itisnotpossibletothinkoreventoactwithoutthem.Thegeneralizationthatisfoundedonaknowledgeofandadelightinthevarietyofthingsistheendofallscienceandpoetry.Title:OnKnowingtheDifferencePassageoutlineSupportingdetailsThe___51___ofanameinknowingathing●Notknowingitsname,youwillfeeldistantly____52____fromathinghowevermanytimesyou’veseenit.●Athingwillbecomemagicallycloseand____53____toyouthemomentyouareabletonameit.●Thecharmofknowledge____54____inthatitsboundariescanbealwayspushedback.Aworldfullofdifferences●Asthere’salwayssomethingnewremainingtobe____55____,oneisnotsupposedtoSufferanyboredomwiththeworldinhislifetime.●Onesubjectalonecontainssomany____56____thatanyoneinterestedmayhavetodevotehis____57____tolearningthem.●Bychasingknowledge,peoplewillexperiencethegreatest___58___andintensitythatlifecanoffer.-33- Truebutneverentirelytruegeneralizations●Thewaythetownsmanlookatsheepandwelookatforeignersillustratesthatourfirstgeneralizationsaremadeoutof___59___ofknowledge.●Importantasgeneralizationsareinourthinkingandacting,theywillbecomeliesonceweregardthemasabsolute_____60_____.●Comingtoknowthevarietyofthingswithdelightisthefinalgeneralizationallscienceandpoetryaimtomake.【答案】51.importance/significance52.separated53.clear54.lies/consists55.explored/discovered56.differences57.life/lifetime58.excitement59.lack60.truth(s)【解析】这篇一篇说明文。短文主要讲了名字对了解一件事的重要性，世界一个充满差异的世界，人们是从无知来了解这个世界的。【51题详解】考查理解概括题。结合第一段内容，事物的名字可以让我们更清晰地认识事物，也就是命名的重要性，故填importance/significance。【52题详解】考查原词重现。第一段第三行weseemtobeseparatedfromitbyavastdistanceofignorance.不知道具体命名，人们就对事物没有清晰认知，和其本质有距离感，故填separated。【53题详解】-33- 考查理解概括题。第一段第四行itrushestowardsusacrossthedistance，likesomethingseenthroughatelescope.有了名字，人们看待事物就如同从望远镜中看见，又靠近又清晰，故填clear.【54题详解】考查理解概括题。第一段最后一句Thatisthecharmofknowledge--itismerelyadoorintoanothersortofignorance.知识的魅力在于它就像一扇通往另一种“无知”的门，lie/consistin有在于的意思,故填lies/consists。【55题详解】考查原词重现。第二段第一句Therearealwaysnewdifferencestobediscovered..总有新的事物等待发现，故填explored/discovered。【56题详解】考查原词重现。第三段第一句Thereisscarcelyasubjectthatdoesnotcontainsufficientdifferencestokeepanexplorerhappyforalifetime.很少有一个主题是不包含大量的不同的，双重否定表肯定，换言之都包含很多不同，故填differences。【57题详解】考查理解概括题。定位句同上题，研究者要贡献自己一生的时间，故填life/lifetime。【58题详解】考查原词重现。第三段最后一句islifeatitsmostexciting,itsmostintense.追逐知识可以使得人们体会到生命最兴奋最充实的感受，结合题干形容词转名词，故填excitement。【59题详解】考查理解概括题。第五段第一句firstgeneralizationspringfromignoranceratherthanfromknowledge.这一代是从无知而长大，而不是在知识的熏陶下长大，也就是缺少知识，lackof表示缺乏，故填lack。【60题详解】考查原词重现。第五段第二行Assoonaswebegintoacceptthemasabsolutetruths,theybecomelies.当我们认定一个事物是绝对真理的时候，那它就变成了谎言，故填truth(s)。第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）61.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。-33- CitiesacrossChinahavebeenrollingoutpoliciestoencouragethereturnofstreetvendors(摊贩),wherestalloperatorsandmobilevendorssellfoodandsmallcommoditiesonstreetsandotherpublicspaces.AtapressconferenceduringChinasrecentlyconcluded“twosessions,”ChinesePremierLiKeqiangpraisedthecityofChengduinwestChinaforcreating100,000jobsbysettingup36,000mobilestalls,signalinganencouragementofrevivingstreetvendoring.Meanwhile,China’stechgiantsareofferinghelp.Alibaba’swholesalemarketplace1688.comissuedaplaninlateMaytoconnectstreetsellersdirectlywithfactories,whileofferingstalloperatorswithatotalof70billionyuanofinterest-freeloans.E-commercemajorJD.comhaspromisedtosecurequalitymerchandiseworthover50billionyuanandisofferingeachstallkeeperupto100,000yuanworthofinterest-freeloans.【写作内容】1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容。2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）你觉得摆地摊有哪些好处？（2）你有什么有助于其健康发展的建议？（不少于两点）【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。-33- ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Withtheencouragementfrombothcentralandlocalgovernments,streetvendoringisgainingitspopularityagainnationwide.AssistanceisalsoprovidedbyChina’stechgiantstoguaranteeitssmoothdevelopment.Theadvantagesofstreetvendoringcanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,itwillfueleconomicgrowth.Secondly,italsobringsmorejobopportunitiestopeoplewhoseincomeshavesharplydecreasedintheepidemic,ensuringasecureandstablesociety.Thirdly,streetvendoringprovidesvariouscommoditiesatarelativelylowprice,whichsatisfythedemandsofcustomers.Personallyspeaking,topromotethehealthydevelopmentofstreetvendoring,we’dbettertakethesuggetionsbelowintoconsideration.Streetvendorsshouldberegulatedtominimizethenegativeinfluencesonthesurroundings.Additionally,administratorsareexpectedtostrengthentheirsupervisiontoridethemarketoffakeandinferiorproducts.Ifirmlybelieve,withjointeffort,streetvendoringwillbeaneffectivewaytorevivetheeconomy.【解析】【分析】这是一篇读写任务。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，写作内容：1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容。2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）你觉得摆地摊有哪些好处？（2）你有什么有助于其健康发展的建议？（不少于两点）。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：encouragement(鼓励)；streetvendoring(地摊)；popularity(流行)；asfollows(如下)；economicgrowth(经济增长)；epidemic(流行病)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时和一般将来时。-33- 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Secondly,italsobringsmorejobopportunitiestopeoplewhoseincomeshavesharplydecreasedintheepidemic,ensuringasecureandstablesociety.运用了定语从句；Personallyspeaking,topromotethehealthydevelopmentofstreetvendoring,we’dbettertakethesuggetionsbelowintoconsideration.运用了不定式作目的状语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。-33- -33-