高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习3环境保护

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高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习3环境保护

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。环境保护A(2017·第二次全国大联考)ItseemedthatwhatIhavefearedinthepasthasbecometrueeventually.Inthelast19yearsIhavetakenAmericanstudentstomanyChinesecities.TheairpollutioninBeijingandotherbigcitieswevisitedhavebeensimplyshocking.EverytimewhenmystudentscommentedabouttheairqualityinChinaandhowtheymissedtheblueskiesintheUSmyhearthurts.Infact,IdidnotexpectthatChinesegovernmentortheChinesepeoplewouldhaveacceptedmyadvicein1994whenIfirstraisedthatquestion,orin1997whenIpublishedthearticleinChinaandtheworld.IunderstoodthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthbecauseIsawandlivedthroughitintheUS.In2006,oneofthereaderswhoreadmyarticleonlinecommentedwithangerthatsomeoneactuallywarnedaboutthepotentialproblemsoftheuncontrolledspreadofprivatecars,andnothinghappened.ForthemajorityofChinesepeoplewhodidnothavecars,andwhowereadmiringthewondersandcomfortcarsbringingtolife,thetemptationofcarswasirresistibleatthetime.IhadayoungChinesefriendwhenIwasstudyinginBoston.Heboughtacarbeforehelearnedhowtodrive.Hestartedtodrivethefirstnighthegotthecarbeforehehadadriverlicense.Thepolicecaughthimdrivinghiscararound2:00inthemorningintheneighborhood.ThepolicedecidedtolethimgobecausehetoldthepolicethathecamefromChina,andthatithadbeenhisdreamtoownanddriveacar.Nowhehadacar,andhesimplycouldnotsleepanymore.Hewastooeagertodrivehiscar.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。NowtheChinesegovernmentandChinesepeopleseewiththeirowneyeswhatharmstheuncontrolledownershipofcarcandototheircitiesandtheirhealth.IhopethattheChinesepeopleandChinesegovernmentwouldbeabletotakesomedrasticmeasurestodealwiththisairpollutionproblemswhichthreatentheirownhealthnow.语篇解读 本文作者讲到了中国现在极差的空气质量正是他之前所预料的,委婉地指出了过去中国政府对大气污染不够重视,政策和措施不到位。面对当前的雾霾天气,作者希望中国政府和人民采取严厉措施来处理大气污染问题。1.Wheredoestheauthorprobablycomefrom?A.China.B.America.C.Notmentioned.D.I’mnotsure.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“IunderstoodthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthbecauseIsawandlivedthroughitintheUS.”可知作者是美国人。故选B。2.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeans.A.hedrovehiscarcarelesslyB.hedidn’tlikedrivinghiscarC.hewantedtodrivehiscaratonceD.hewassoeagerthathecouldn’tdrivehiscar答案 C解析 句意理解题。根据画线句前面的“...thatithadbeenhisdreamtoownanddriveacar.Nowhehadacar,andhesimplycouldnotsleepanymore.”可知,他非常渴望开车。从语法角度考虑“tooeagertodo”表示肯定意义。故选C。3.Fromthepassagewecaninfer.A.theChinesefriendbegantodrivehiscarwithoutadriverlicenseB.theauthorpredictedthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthat19C.theChinesefriendbegantodrivehiscarassoonashegotadriverlicenseD.inthepasttheChinesegovernmenttookmanymeasurestopreventairpollution答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知D项错误;根据第二段的内容可知作者在90年代就预测到雾霾对中国人的健康有危害,而不是19岁时,所以B项错误;根据第四段中的句子“Heboughtacarbeforehelearnedhowtodrive.Hestartedtodrivethefirstnighthegotthecarbeforehehadadriverlicense.”可知C项与文章矛盾,A项正确。故选A。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthor’sconcernwasnecessary.B.Airpollutionproblemsneedtobesolved.C.Somereaderonceblamedtheauthor’sarticle.D.TheairqualityofChinaismorethansatisfying.答案 D解析 细节理解题。纵观全文,都是围绕着中国的空气质量差进行叙述,故D项与文章意思矛盾。故选D。B(2017·山西重点中学协作体模拟)Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.However,whetheryouareonthemountains,inthewaves,oronthegrassland,youshouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golf,asyoumayknow,eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside,butalsotonsofwater.Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.Forexample,inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain,golfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfree,powerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularly,itwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious,sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeup,youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”.Theyarebetterreplacements(代替物)fortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors,inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofall,it’sfree.语篇解读 文章简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动,如高尔夫;也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动,如powerwalking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。5.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.Playingbasketballinagym.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Cyclingaroundalake.D.Swimminginasportscenter.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Whateversportyoutakeup,youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe‘greengyms’.”可知作者主张绿色运动。C属于绿色运动,故为正确答案。6.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.C.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D.Itcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworld.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后三句“Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.Forexample,inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain,golfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.”可知选B。7.Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause.A.itusesfewerresourcesB.itimprovesourhealthC.itisanoutdoorsportD.itisrecommendedbyexperts答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段前三句“Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.”可知这是一项耗费资源很少的运动。故选A。8.Theauthorwritesthepassageto.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.encourageustogoinforgreensports9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。C.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysports答案 B解析 写作目的题。文章中简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动,如高尔夫;也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动,如powerwalking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。故选B。C(2017·福建漳州八校联考)Thinkaboutwhatyouhadforlunch:Wasitahamburger?Achickensandwich?Barbecue?Whataboutvegetables?Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthatwhatyoueatcanaffectthewholeplanet?Itcan—inabigway.Newstudiesshowhowfoodanditsproductionaffecttheglobeanditswarmingclimate.You’veprobablyheardofglobalwarming.Thetemperatureisontherisebecausehumankindhasbeenreleasing(排放)amountsofgasesintotheatmosphere.Oneofthesegreenhousegasesiscarbondioxide(二氧化碳).Whatdoesthishavetodowithfood?Abigpartofthecarbondioxidethatweputintheatmosphereeveryyearcomesfromtheprocessofmakingandeatingfood.Theproductionofmeatcontributesalotofthatcarbondioxide.Andmuchofmeat’scontributioncomesfrombeef,whichisresponsibleforreleasingevenmorewarminggasesintotheatmosphere.Theprocessofmakingahamburger,forexample,requiresalotofenergy.Acowhastobefedandraisedonfarmland,andcowwasteisamajorsourceofmethane(沼气)—anespeciallypowerfulgreenhousegas.Thecowhastobekilled.Themeathastobeprocessedandshippedtoashop,whichtakesfuel.Mostofthecowwon’tevenbeusedformeatthatpeopleeat.Bythetimeahamburgerfinallylandsonadinnerplate,ithasmadeaheavyeffectontheenvironment.Wecanreducetheproductionofglobal-warminggasesbyeatinglessbeef.Otherkindsofmeatlikeporkandchickendolessharmtotheenvironment—atleastintermsoftheamountofgreenhousegasesreleased.Allkindsofmeatareharderontheplanetthanvegetables.Togrowandeatapoundofpotatoes,forexample,sendslessthanone-quarterpoundofcarbondioxideintotheair.Sochangingourdiettolessmeatandmorevegetables,asitturnsout,maydotheworldsomegood.语篇解读 文章介绍了人们的饮食会引起温室效应,特别是肉类加工会排放温室气体,作者建议人们改变对环境不利的饮食方式。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。9.Thequestionsaskedinthefirstparagraphareusedto.A.showtheauthor’sconcernaboutfoodsafetyB.expresstheauthor’spuzzlementatwhattoeatC.introducethetopictobediscussedinthepassageD.remindreadersofsomethingdelicioustoeat答案 C解析 推理判断题。文章第一段提出一系列关于我们饮食的问题,由第二段前两句“Itcan—inabigway.Newstudiesshowhowfoodanditsproductionaffecttheglobeanditswarmingclimate.”可知,这些问题是为了引出话题。故选C。10.Whatisthebadnewsformeat-eaters?A.Mostcowsareraisednotforpeopletoeat.B.Meatproducingcontributestoglobalwarming.C.Thereisalotofcarbondioxideinthemeatweeat.D.Animalsbegintodieoffbecauseofglobalwarming.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三、四句“Theproductionofmeatcontributesalotofthatcarbondioxide.Andmuchofmeat’scontributioncomesfrombeef,whichisresponsibleforreleasingevenmorewarminggasesintotheatmosphere.”可知,对于食肉的人来说坏消息是肉类生产会导致全球气温变暖。故选B。11.Whichisthemostenvironment-friendlyfoodaccordingtothepassage?A.Carrot.B.Beef.C.Pork.D.Chicken.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,蔬菜比肉类制造的二氧化碳要少,所以蔬菜更环保。故选A。D(2017·湖南浏阳一中期中)Thenamesoundsfunnybuttheideaisnojoke:it’sapersonaltoiletcalledthePeepoo.AndersWilhelmson,aSwedisharchitect,istheinventorofthePeepoo.Hebecameinterestedintheideaofsanitationaftertakingpartinaresearchprojectonthesocialandpoliticaldevelopmentofcities.Oneofthemostcommonproblemshefoundindevelopingcountrieswasthelackoftoilets.Hewantedtodo9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。somethingtohelp.Soworkingwithothers,hestartedtheprojectin2005,andthenextyearstartedacompanycalledPeepoople.Thetoiletisasingle-usebagmadeofenvironmentallyfriendlyplastics.Theinsideistreatedwithurea(尿素),achemicalcommonlyusedasfertilizer.Thehottertheweather,themorequicklythewasteturnsintowhatisneededbyplants.Thesanitationprocesscanbeassoonasacoupleofhoursoraslongastwotofourweeks.Youcanjustburyitinapotandgrowwhateveryoulike.ThecompanyexpectstostartsellingthebagsinAugustinKenyaandBangladesh,butitisjustbeginningproductionandsalesinNairobinow.FullproductioncouldreachabouthalfamillionbagsadayandpeoplemaybeabletobuythePeepooincountrieslikeVietnam,Bangladesh,etc.TheUnitedNationssaysmorethantwoandahalfbillionpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodsanitation.Manyhavenochoicebuttousetheoutdoors,whichisnotonlybadfortheenvironment,butalsoharmfultopeople’shealth.Eachyear,poorsanitationleadstothreefifthsofthosepeoplegettinganinfectiousdiseasewhichonaveragecausesoneoutof1,000patientstodie.JackSmith,thefounderoftheWorldToiletOrganization,says,“Thisisquiteanunacceptablesituationgiventhefactthatwearelivinginthemodernworld,andstrangely,manyofthemowntelevisions,phonesbuthavenotoilets.”语篇解读 文章介绍了环保厕所Peepoo,它解决了发展中国家缺乏厕所的问题,并且可以被用来种植植物,可谓一举两得。12.WhatwastheoriginalpurposeofAndersWilhelmsoninstartingthecompany?A.Toprotectthelocalenvironment.B.Toearnalotofmoneyfromtheproject.C.Todoresearchonthesocialdevelopment.D.Tohelpsolvetheproblemoflackoftoiletsindevelopingcountries.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“Oneofthemostcommonproblemshefoundindevelopingcountrieswasthelackoftoilets.Hewantedtodosomethingtohelp.”可知选D。13.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthePeepoofromthepassage?A.Itcanbeusedoveragain.B.Itssanitationprocessdoesn’tlastlong.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。C.Itworksbetterinsummerthaninwinter.D.Itshouldbeburiedinapotafterbeingused.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Thehottertheweather,themorequicklythewasteturnsintowhatisneededbyplants.”可知选C。14.Thefifthparagraphiswrittenmainlytotellusthat.A.poorsanitationmaycausemanyproblemsB.manypeopledon’tcarefortheenvironmentC.manypeoplegetillfromusingtheoutdoorsD.quiteanumberofpeoplediefrompoorsanitation答案 A解析 段落大意题。该段主要说明了卫生系统不好会产生的恶劣影响。故选A。15.Theunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto“”.A.theoutdoorsbeingdamagedB.manyplacesbeingshortoftoiletsC.manypeoplehavingTVsandphonesD.manypeoplegettinganinfectiousdisease答案 B解析 代词指代题。根据上下文,这里的this指的是许多发展中国家的家庭没有厕所的情况。故选B。Ⅰ.单词梳理1.Heeventually(eventual)escapedandmadehiswaybacktoEngland.2.Theythoughthewasavisitor(visit)ofgreatimportance.3.Onlyonereader(read)canactuallyusethechannelatthistime.4.Sheusuallywritesaboutenvironmental(environment)issues.5.Russiausedtobeaverypowerful(power)country.6.Weshouldmakeabetteruseoftheexistingequipment(equip).7.Therisingsunisespecially(especial)beautifultolookatfromthisangle.8.Ihavesomethingpersonal(person)todiscusswithyou.9.Heiscommonly(common)believedtobeanhonestman.10.Heisthefounder(found)oftheorganization.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。Ⅱ.短语提炼A.英汉互译1.livethrough      度过;经历过2.dealwith处理;涉及;做生意3.comefrom来自;源自4.beharmfulto对……有害5.接触;和……取得联系getintouchwith6.吃光eatup7.对……有利begoodfor8.利用,处理dowithB.运用上述短语完成下列句子1.Hewassohungrythatheateuphismealatastretch.2.Freshairisgoodforyourhealth.3.Fruitjuicescanbeharmfultochildren’steeth.4.You’llhavetogetintouchwiththeboss.5.Thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestolivethroughthiseconomiccrisis.6.Whatwillyoudowiththesegreenflowers?7.Mostofthesechildrencomefrombrokenfamilies.8.Ihaveahugepileofletterstodealwith.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写ItseemedthatwhatIhavefearedinthepasthasbecometrueeventually.句式分析 Itseems/seemedthat...……好像/看来……翻译 看来我过去害怕的事情最终成为了现实。仿写 看来她已经爱上他了。Itseemsthatshehasfalleninlovewithhim.9
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