2020届二轮复习 定语从句

2020届二轮复习 定语从句

2020届二轮复习定语从句【考情分析】1．关系词的使用，特别是which，that，when，where等；2．介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用；3．以as引导的定语从句；4．只用that的情况；5．只用which的情况；6．关系代词与关系副词的选用；7．定语从句与其他句型的区别。【知识归纳】考点一：关系词的选用：1．关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) Heisthemanwhom/thatIamwaitingfor.他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Hefailedintheexam，whichmadehisfatherangry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。3．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIdon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。【专家提醒】　先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。Istillrememberthedaywhich/thatwespenttogetherinthecity.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代theday作spent的宾语)。考点二：关系代词whose的用法：whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语 Iknowthegirlwhosefatherisourheadmaster.我认识那个女孩，她的父亲是我们的校长。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。考点三：.that引导的定语从句1．不用that的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句时(2)介词后不能用。2．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(1)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。Thisisthebestdictionary(that)thereisinthelibrary.(2)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(3)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。(5)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。考点四：介词+关系代词 1．介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whomThegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。2．当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序Helivedinabighouse，infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。3．介词＋which/whom＋不定式结构Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.那个可怜的人没有房子住。4．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)RecentlyIboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。考点五：As,which引导的定语从句： 1．关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：(1)such...as...像……那样的……。当先行词被such修饰或本身是such时，as作为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰这个先行词。如：Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我们希望弄到像他使用的一样的工具。TheyaresuchwarmheartedmenasI’llneverforget.他们是那样热心的，我永远不会忘记的人们。Thatwassuchterribleweatherasdestroyedourwholetripplan.那是一个那样可怕的天气，毁坏了我们的整个旅游计划。【专家提醒】　such...as...与such...that...的区别as引导定语从句，as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。如：Heissuchagoodstudentasalltheteacherslike.他是那样一个老师们都喜欢的好学生。Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.他是那样一个好学生，以致于老师们都喜欢他 (2)thesame...as...像……一样的……。这是一个习惯句式，当先行词是thesame或被thesame修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，这时as是关系代词，常在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。这样的定语从句常用省略形式。如：Iliveinthesamehouseashe(livesin).我的房子与他的房子相同。Shegotthesamesalaryasaman(got)．她的薪金与男的相同。【专家提醒】　as引导的这种从句有时用that或where引导。that表示“同一个人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一个”。如：Ilivedinthesamehousethathelivesin.我与他住在同一房子中。Ilivedinthesamehousewherehelives.比较：thesame...that...像……一样的……。that引导定语从句，表示“同一个”。如：Shegavehimthesameanswerasbefore：“No”．她回答他跟以前一样：“不。”ThisisthesamedictionarythatIlostlastweek.这部词典同我上星期丢失的那一本一样。2．关系代词as，which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.＝Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth，as/whichisknowntoeverybody.＝Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.＝Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.后两句属名词性从句范畴。(3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。Asisknowntoall，Bellinventedthetelephone.＝Bellinventedthetelephone，asisknowntoall. Asisoftenthecase，Mikewaslateagainandmadeupanexcusetofooltheboss.考点六：定语从句和其他从句的区别1.定语从句与并列句1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthemwereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhichwereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseofwhomthereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseofhimthereisapairofglasses解题点拨:　是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键2.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)Wedon’tbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。(定语从句，that作told的宾语).请看例题：1).a.Thenewsthatourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.b.Thenewsthat/whichhetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2)a.Imadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromisethat/whichpleasedallherchildren.解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。3.定语从句与强调句型1)a.ItisinthisroomthatIlivedlastyear.b.ItistheroomwhereIlivedlastyear. 2)a.Itwasatseveno’clockthathewenttoschoolthismorning.b.Itwasseveno’clockwhenhewenttoschoolthismorning.解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分;去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系；  2.关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；  3.that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑；  4.Thatwhich代表物，区别听我来叙述； 先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有therebe,that应把which替；先行主中做表语，避免重复从句里；（Justtheonlyverysamelast,其后也要用that;）  5.指人可用thatwho,以下情况多用who;Thosepeople做先行，Therebe的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中做主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才；  6.定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。  7.As/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as,thesame/such/so/as;So/such…that宾不离，so/such…as宾要弃；   8.关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；关系代词做宾语，省与不省全靠你；  9.关系副词when/where/why,从中做状莫懈怠；时间用when原因why,地点where经常在；关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；关系代，关系代，that与who要除外；挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷；  10.只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用way做状语,inwhich/that/略可以；oneof+复做先行，从中谓语复数明，one前若有only/very,从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换，allthat被what换【考点例析】1.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeinto televisionseries.【2012山东】A.themB.thatC.whichD.what1.C考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。此处先行词为twonovels,后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词在前面，因此用使用bothofwhich来引导，故正确答案为C。2.Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.【2012福建】A.thatB.itC.asD.what2.C本题考查定语从句引导词。句意：正如报道的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到了改善。应为as引导的非限制性定语从句，故正确答案为C。3.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.【2012浙江卷】A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom3.B考查定语从句。通过分析可以看出，本句先行词为ellen,指人，空格处应做主语。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where 修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。4.Weliveinanage_____moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.【2012浙江卷】A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich4.B考查定语从句。when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词anage（时代）.此处的when=atwhich。故正确答案为B。5.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.【2012江苏卷】A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what5.B考查定语从句中关系代词的使用。指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。6.Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales【2012重庆卷】A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where6.D考查定语从句。“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。 7.Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.【2012四川卷】A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem7.C本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。8.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,______hassurprisedusall.【2012陕西卷】A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what8.C考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。9.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.【2012北京卷】A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when9.B本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当沉下心工作后，他经常这样，他会忘了吃饭和睡觉。这里也是一个定语从句，不过这里的定语从句修饰的是前面整个句子，故使用which表示前面整个句子，所以答案为B。 10Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.【2012全国II】A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when10.B考查定语从句。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。这里thatevening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。11.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.【2012天津卷】whoB.whoseC.whomD.which11.B本题考查定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我从来不会发展到这个地步。本句为非限制性定语从句，且句子缺少定语，故正确答案为B。【方法技巧】1了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别2.分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。3注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择/"介词+关系代词/"的结构。4.加强有关定语从句的理解和练习 5．注重复习疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句的情况。6.掌握通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句的做题方法。【专题训练】1.Wasitinthewaitingroom______onlyallowsmothers-to-betoenterthatyoulostyourwallet?A./B.whereC.thatD.when2Obama,_______lifewasoncehardwhenhewasyoung,wereelectedPresidentofAmerican.A.forwhomB.whoC.towhomD./3_______hasbeenannounced,ourgovernmentwilltakemoremeasurestomakethefallingeconomicsrecoverassoonaspossible.AThatBAsCItDWhat4.LeeYuchunwastitledasthetopthinbeautyinAnsia,_______causedalotofdisagreementsinthefieldofentertainment.A.thatB.whichCasDit5ThereweresomanyattractionsinDisneyPark.Afterlunchwecametoaplace,_______stoodabigtower. A.whichB.thatC./D.where6．Apoliticaladvisorsuggestedgivingoutredpocketstothewholenationdirectlytoencourageeconomics，_____Ibelieveisofgreatvalue.AthatB./C.whichD.why7Isthisthewebsite_______youwanttohave____intoyourfilestohelpyoulearnEnglish?A.who;toaddB.that;addC.whom;addingD.that;added8．Wehaveheardofmanycases_______somecitizens，especiallysomefamouspeople，havesufferedbecausepersonalinformationhadbeenleaked.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where9．Tonyshowedmehisnewcellphone,_______wassmallbutitcouldchangecolorsindifferentweather.A.thescreenofwhomB.whomthescreenofC.whichthescreenofD.thescreenofwhich10．Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametomyuniversityandtheday______Ispentinanewcity.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;that D.onwhich;when11Thisarticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders，________Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.A.fromwhomB.forwhomC.towhomD.towardswhom12．Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices，________aretakenbythegovernment,willsucceed.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．as13.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained14.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout________wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which15.Whenhewasworkingtherehecaughtaseriousillnessfrom________effortshestillsuffers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what16.It’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one________hecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which 17.Wearelivinginanage________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when18.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry________wisely.A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat19.Theoldbuilding,behind________wasafamouschurch,was________weusedtowork.A.that,theplaceB.it,theplaceC.which,whereD.what,where20.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,________othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when21.ThemodernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,________thecountrybecameunited.A.whenB.ifC.sinceD.until22.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose________intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew 23.Youcouldseetherunnersverywellfrom________westood.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when24.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase，________wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose25.Whathaveyougot________willhelpacold?A.whatB.thatC.itD.who【参考答案】1-5CABBD6-10CDDDA11-15CAADC16-20BDCCC21-25ACBBB