2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading

Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points ‎ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.statistic n．　　　　　　　统计；统计数字 ‎2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 ‎3.struggle vt.&vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎4.decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎5.super adj. 特级的；超级的 ‎6.output n. 产量；输出 ‎7.crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎8.expand vt.‎&vi. 使变大；伸展 ‎9.circulate vt.‎&vi. 循环；流传 ‎10.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.‎‎&vi. 搏斗；奋斗 ‎11.rid vt. 摆脱；除去 ‎12.freedom n. 自由；自主 ‎13.therefore adj. 因此；所以；因而 ‎14.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎15.nationality n. 国籍 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的 ‎2.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb vt.打扰；打乱 ‎3.equip vt.‎& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备 ‎4.export vt.‎& vi.输出；出口→import vt.‎& vi.输入；进口 ‎1.statistic n．统计；统计数字 ‎[词块]　①statical table　　　　统计表 ‎②statical method 统计方法 ‎③statical survey 统计调查 ‎④statical test 统计检验 ‎⑤statical map 统计地图 ‎ 2.expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展 ‎[记法]　ex(出，出去)＋pand(扩散)→v.扩张，张开，发展 ‎[词块]　①expand vocabulary 扩大词汇量 ‎②expand influence 扩大影响 ‎③expand business 扩展业务 ‎④expand production 扩大生产 ‎3.sunburnt adj.晒黑的 ‎[联想]　“名词＋过去分词”构成的形容词一览 ‎①handmade　　　　　手工的 ‎②manmade 人造的 ‎③stateowned 国营的 ‎④schoolrun 校办的 ‎⑤heartfelt 由衷的 ‎4.export vt. & vi.输出；出口 ‎[记法]　ex(出)＋port(运)→输出；出口 ‎[词块]　①the chief exports 主要出口商品 ‎②grain exports 谷物出口 ‎③export cotton 出口棉花 ‎5.occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领；占用 ‎④export duties 出口税 ‎5.表示“因此”的多种表达：‎ ‎[联想]　①therefore　　②so　　③thus ‎④as a result ⑤hence ⑥as a consequence 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.struggle_for　　　　　　　　为……而斗争(努力)‎ ‎2．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎3．rid_..._of 摆脱；除去 ‎4．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎5．care_about 关心；在乎 ‎6．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎7．rather_than 而不是 ‎8．with_the_hope_of 怀有……的希望 ‎9．care_for 喜欢；照顾 ‎10．make_a_difference 有关系；有影响 ‎1.for the past five decades　　过去的五十年 ‎2．become the first agricultural pioneer in the world ‎ 成为世界上第一个农业先驱 ‎3．work the land 耕种土地 ‎4．in many parts of the countryside ‎ 在许多农村地区 ‎5．increase rice harvests 增加水稻产量 ‎6．circulate his knowledge 传播知识 ‎7．lead a comfortable life 过舒适的生活 ‎8．mean little to him 对他来说无意义 ‎9．export his rice 出口水稻 ‎10．love and care for his people 热爱和关心他的人民 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? ‎ 如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？‎ if so为省略句式，so替代上文内容，其否定式为if not。‎ Do we make money on this product, and if_so,_how much?‎ 这项产品是否赚钱，如果是，赚多少？‎ ‎2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ 名词被序数词修饰时，后面用不定式作定语。‎ You are the first person to_do_the_work so well.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ 你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。‎ ‎3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。‎ it为形式宾语，其结构为“动词＋it＋宾补(adj.或n.)＋to do”。‎ His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.‎ 他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。‎ ‎4.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.‎ 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ 其结构为“倍数＋as ...＋as”句式。‎ Brand new scientific evidence shows us that disaster was at least twice_as_large_as previously thought.‎ 全新的科学证据表明，那场灾难的破坏力至少是我们过去想象的一倍。‎ ‎1．(教材P10)Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.‎ 的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。‎ struggle n．& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 struggle against/with sb./sth.　 同……作斗争；与……抗争 struggle for sth. 为……而斗争 struggle on 挣扎着坚持下去 struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎①He has been struggling for success in his business.‎ 为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。‎ ‎②A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.‎ 强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。‎ ‎③She is struggling to_bring (bring) up a family on a very low income.‎ 她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。‎ ‎④The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.‎ 那位年轻人努力挣扎着站起来同抢劫犯作斗争。‎ ‎2．(教材P10)At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.‎ 当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的一个严重问题。‎ hunger n．[U] 饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.渴求；渴望得到；(使)饥饿 ‎(1)die of hunger　　　　　　　　 死于饥饿 hunger to do sth. 渴望做某事 渴望得到某物 ‎(2)hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 ‎①In some parts of Africa, there are still some children dying of hunger.‎ 在非洲的某些地区，仍有一些儿童死于饥饿。‎ ‎②He hungered to_get (get) that post.‎ 他渴望得到那个岗位。‎ ‎③Most actors have a hunger for/after success.‎ 绝大多数演员都渴望成功。‎ ‎[名师点津]　表达“渴望……”之意的短语还有：have a desire/thirst for, have an appetite for, be thirsty/eager for, long for, be anxious for等。‎ disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturb vt.　　　　　　　 打扰；弄乱；使不安 disturbed adj. 心神不宁的 disturbance n. 打扰 ‎①The news that I failed this time is quite disturbing.‎ 我这次失败的消息让人十分烦恼。‎ ‎②If you get up early, please don’t disturb_your_father.‎ 如果你起床早，请不要打扰你的父亲。‎ ‎③He felt disturbed (disturb) when he heard his mother was ill.‎ 当他听说他母亲病了的时候，他感到心神不安。‎ ‎[语境串记]　They were all disturbed by the disturbing news, that is, the news disturbed all of them.‎ 他们都因这条令人不安的消息而都深感不安，也就是说，这条消息使他们都感到不安。‎ ‎3．(教材P10)Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.‎ 袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增加稻谷产量的途径。‎ expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展 ‎(1)expand ... into ...　 把……扩展/发展成……‎ expand into ... 发展成/扩大成……‎ expand on sth. 细说(阐述)某事 ‎(2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩展 ‎①The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.‎ 村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。‎ ‎②The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.‎ 那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇。‎ ‎③He did not expand greatly on his statement.‎ 他未就他的声明多加解释。‎ ‎④The book is an expansion (expand) of a series of lectures given last year.‎ 这本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。‎ ‎[名师点津]　注意expand和extend的区别。前者指向四面八方的扩大，扩张，后者指向某一方向的延伸。‎ ‎4．(教材P10)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.‎ 由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。‎ thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎①Thanks to your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time.‎ 多亏了你及时的帮助，我按时完成了工作。‎ ‎②Thanks to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled.‎ 因为糟糕的天气，比赛被取消了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：‎ owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。‎ rid ...of使……摆脱或除去 be rid of　　　　　　　 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 ‎①She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs.‎ 她在努力地摆脱对药品的依赖。‎ ‎②You should get_rid_of the bad habits.‎ 你应该改掉坏习惯。‎ ‎③He wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret.‎ 他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)在rid ... of ...短语中，rid为动词，后跟sb.或somewhere作宾语，指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。‎ ‎(2)类似rid ...of ...结构的短语还有：‎ ‎①rob sb. of sth.　　　　　　 抢劫某人某物 ‎②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ‎③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ‎④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 ‎⑤cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病 ‎5．(教材P10)Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.‎ 袁隆平很满意他的生活。‎ be satisfied with对……感到满意 ‎(1)be satisfied to do ...　　　　 对做……感到满意 ‎(2)satisfaction n. 满意；满足 to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ‎(3)satisfy v. 使满足；使满意 satisfy one’s needs/demands 满足某人的需求 ‎(4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的 ‎①I’m not very satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence.‎ 我不太满意他对这个句子的解释。‎ ‎②To_her_satisfaction,_they dealt with the matter soon.‎ 令她满意的是，他们很快就处理了此事。‎ ‎③The old couple are_satisfied_to_live_in the countryside.‎ 这对老年夫妇乐意住在乡下。‎ ‎6．(教材P10)He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。‎ would rather宁愿；宁可 would rather (not) do ...　　　宁愿(不)做……‎ ＝ prefer to do ... rather than do ...，表示“宁愿 ‎ ‎……(而)不愿……；与其……倒不如……”‎ would rather have done 本来想做……(而未实现)‎ would rather＋从句 ‎①I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.‎ 我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他争吵。‎ ‎②I would_rather_fail_than cheat in the examination.‎ 我宁可考试不及格，也不愿意作弊。‎ ‎③I would rather have_left (leave) a note on her desk.‎ 我要是留张便条在她书桌上就好了。‎ ‎④I’d rather (that) you hadn’t_told him about it that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没告诉他那件事。‎ ‎7．(教材P10)He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.‎ 于是，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。‎ equip vt.& vi.配备；装备 ‎(1)equip ... with ...　　 用……装备……‎ equip sb. for sth. 使某人具备某物 be equipped to do sth. 配有做……的装备(或条件)‎ be equipped with sth. 配有某物 be well/badly equipped 设备精良的/较差的 ‎(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)‎ ‎①Most parents want to equip their children with a good education.‎ 大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。‎ ‎②Every classroom in this modern school is_equipped_with a new computer.‎ 这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备一台新电脑。‎ ‎③It’s a modern, well (good) equipped hospital, and all its equipment (equip) is of high quality.‎ 这是一个现代的、装备精良的医院，所有的设备都具有较高的质量。‎ ‎[名师点津]　equipment为不可数名词，如：office equipment办公设备；sports equipment运动器材；a piece of equipment一件设备。‎ ‎1. If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?‎ 如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？‎ ‎(1)if so 为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”， if 用作连词， so 用来代替上文内容，以避免重复。if not 为 if so 的否定形式。‎ ‎①Will you get a free evening next week? If so, let’s have a dinner.‎ 下周你会有一个晚上的空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。‎ ‎②Is everybody feeling cold? If_not,_let’s open the window.‎ 大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。‎ ‎(2)其他类似的省略结构：‎ if necessary 　　　　　　　 如果有必要 ‎ if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 ‎③If_necessary,_you can turn to me for help.‎ 必要的话，你可以向我求助。‎ ‎④Please try to find out the differences between the two words. If_any,_speak it out.‎ 试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。‎ ‎2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。‎ ‎ 句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。it作形式宾语的主要用法是用于“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构中。‎ ‎“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”中的6123结构：‎ ‎●6指常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；‎ ‎●1指形式宾语it；‎ ‎●2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词；‎ ‎●3指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、宾语从句。‎ ‎①Do you think it necessary to say a few words at the meeting?‎ 你认为有必要在会上讲几句话吗？‎ ‎②I find it no use advising (advice) him to give up smoking.‎ 我发现建议他戒烟是没有用处的。‎ ‎③I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.‎ 我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。‎ ‎3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.‎ 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ ‎“twice as large as ...”为倍数表达法。‎ 倍数的表达法： (1)... 倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as ... (2)... 倍数＋比较级＋than ... (3)... 倍数＋the＋名词(size， length，width， height， weight ...)＋of ... (4)... 倍数＋what从句)‎ ‎①This building is five times as high as that one.‎ 这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。‎ ‎②People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.‎ 人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎③The newlybroadened square is four_times_the_size_of the previous one.‎ 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。‎ ‎④The number of the students in our school is three_times_larger than theirs.‎ 我们学校学生的人数是他们学校学生人数的三倍。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He makes it a rule to_take (take) part in some physical labor though he is old.‎ ‎2．Are you right? If so,_I will agree with you.‎ ‎3．A great number of people are going hungry and hundreds of children have died of hunger. (hungry)‎ ‎4．Disturbing (disturb) news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.‎ ‎5．The tree is four times taller (tall) than that one.‎ ‎6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.‎ ‎7．Dina, having_struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎8．The woman film star has expanded her career to other fields of entertainment.‎ ‎9．Thanks to your inspiration, I am successful.‎ ‎10．Having rid the company of the heavy debts, the manager smiled with satisfaction (satisfy)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 1.His company has_expanded_into a big one after ten years of hard work.‎ ‎2．All cars must be_equipped_with parts to reduce emission.‎ ‎3．The poor girl has been struggling_with/against cancer for two years.‎ ‎4．The little boy has_a_hunger_for progress in math which is poor compared to other ‎ subjects.‎ ‎5．It’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.‎ ‎6．I am not satisfied_with your work; you must improve it.‎ ‎7．Nowadays many teenagers would_rather get advice from strangers online.‎ ‎8．We’ve collected D|S50,000 for the poor, thanks_to the generosity of the public.‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Our foreign trade has expanded (扩大) during recent years.‎ ‎2．The average output (产量) of the factory is reduced to 30 cars a day.‎ ‎3．The children got sunburnt (晒黑的) from a day on the beach.‎ ‎4．He was equipped with detailed knowledge and therefore (因此) was chased by major companies.‎ ‎5．She is old enough to have the freedom (自由) to do what she likes.‎ ‎6．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎7．This disturbing (令人不安的) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.‎ ‎8．We should equip (配备) our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.‎ ‎9．It is a struggle (困难) for me to rid myself of my fears.‎ ‎10．—What is your nationality (国籍)?‎ ‎—Chinese. But now I live with my son's family in the US.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．We must try every way to rid_our_company_of_these_debts.‎ 我们要想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。‎ ‎2．During childhood, he led a hard life and had some_disturbing_experiences.‎ 在童年时代，他过着艰苦的生活，有着一些令他不安的经历。‎ ‎3．To_their_satisfaction,_their son made great achievements.‎ 令他们感到满意的是，他们的儿子取得了重大成就。‎ ‎4．The village expanded_into_a_town.‎ 这个村庄发展成了一个城镇。‎ ‎5．The couple hungered_to_be_respected and led a normal life.‎ 这对夫妇渴望得到尊重，过正常的生活。‎ ‎6．Rather_than take a bus, I would_walk there.‎ 与其坐公共汽车去，我还不如走着去那里。‎ ‎7．I made_it_clear_to_you_that you should behave yourself at the party.‎ 我明确向你表示过，在聚会上你应该举止得体。‎ ‎8．Your education will equip you for your future life.‎ 你所受的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。‎ Ⅲ.课文语法填空 Dr Yuan Longping, one of China's most famous scientists, has made great 1.achievements (achieve) in agriculture both at home and abroad.Born into a poor farmer's family, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953, when many parts of the countryside were short of food.To solve the problem, Dr Yuan struggled 2.to_find (find) a new way to improve harvests without 3.expanding (expand) the area of the fields.Through many years of hard work, Dr Yuan developed 4.what is called “super hybrid rice” in 1974.He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 5.to_grow (grow) rice that has a high output.He has also circulated his knowledge to some other countries. Thanks 6.to his research, the UN 7.has (have) more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Dr Yuan is 8.satisfied (satisfy) with his life but he would like to have more time to do his research 9.freely (free). Famous as he is, Dr Yuan wants to lead a simple life and has a dream to export his rice so that it can 10.be_grown (grow) around the world.‎ Ⅳ.串点成篇微表达 他是一位农业方面的科学家，使十亿多人免于饥饿。他很小的时候就宁愿(would rather)待在自家的农场里研究庄稼。那时候，饥饿是一件令人烦恼的(disturbing)事情。因此(therefore)，他决定使人摆脱(rid ... of)饥饿。为与饥饿作斗争(struggle)，他帮助穷人提高农作物产量(output)。由于他的努力，墨西哥的小麦产量提高了并且出口(export)到别的国家。因此，他因在与饥饿作斗争中所做出的贡献而获得了诺贝尔和平奖。‎ He_was_an_agricultural_scientist_who_kept_as_many_as_one_billion_people_free_from_hunger.He_would_rather_stay_on_his_family_farm_studying_crops_when_he_was_very_young,_and_at_that_time,_hunger_was_a_disturbing_problem.Therefore_he_was_determined_to_rid_people_of_hunger.He_helped_poor_people_improve_the_output_of_their_crops_to_struggle_against_hunger.Thanks_to_his_effort,_Mexico_increased_its_wheat_output_and_exported_wheat_to_other_countries.As_a_result,_he_won_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_for_his_contributions_in_struggling_against_hunger.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.完形填空 Farming and Gardening Agriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom __1__ by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China's early __2__ scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing __3__ into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the __4__‎ ‎ of farmers.‎ Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and __5__. It includes advice on the following __6__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also __7__ for making wine. Jia Sixie's book is a(n) __8__ guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and __9__ young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __10__ will be better. But if you __11__ nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The __12__ of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __13__. If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __14__ weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to __15__ the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers __16__ the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __17__ in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will __18__ good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with __19__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __20__ that planting wheat close together is better.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文和说明文的结合。主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。‎ ‎1．A.discovered　　　　　　　B．recovered C．reported D．repeated 解析：选A　从词语和搭配考虑，此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。wisdom后的__1__ by early Chinese scientists是过去分词短语作定语。‎ ‎2．A.industrial B．agricultural C．cultural D．article 解析：选B　根据常识或上下文可知，贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家，故选agricultural。‎ ‎3．A.search B．research C．experiment D．movement 解析：选B　do research into为固定搭配，意为“进行……的研究”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.adventures B．advantages C．tradition D．experience 解析：选D　learn from the experience of farmers表示“学习农民的(耕作)经验”，符合语境需要。‎ ‎5．A.nursing B．gardening C．produce D．trade 解析：选B　由本文的标题和第一段第二句推断可知，选gardening。‎ ‎6．A.programs B．topics C．subjects D．events 解析：选C　从语境来看，本句的下文介绍一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject“科目，课题”。‎ ‎7．A.instructions　　　　　　　B．constructions C．measures D．treasures 解析：选A　此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”，选instructions，其他选项与句意不符。‎ ‎8．A.economical B．practical C．similar D．regular 解析：选B　practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。economical“经济的，节省的”；similar“相似的”；regular“有规律的”，均与句意不符。‎ ‎9．A.drop B．increase C．grow D．throw 解析：选C　grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”，其他选项没有“种植”之意。‎ ‎10．A.dreams B．ending C．hope D．results 解析：选D　result与前文的work相对，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。‎ ‎11．A.argue against B．go against C．compete with D．deal with 解析：选B　go against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合句意。‎ ‎12．A.application B．situation C．condition D．addition 解析：选C　the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况/条件”。‎ ‎13．A.successfully B．carefully C．gradually D．frequently 解析：选B　前句指出土壤状况重要，本句说明要细心、仔细检查土壤，因此选carefully。‎ ‎14．A.remove B．pull C．kill D．reduce 解析：选A　从词语搭配考虑，本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。‎ ‎15．A.destroy B．prevent C．divide D．limit 解析：选A　让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。‎ ‎16．A.keep B．improve C．manage D．change 解析：选D　从下句中“do not plant rice __17__ in the same field”可知庄稼要换着种，因此选change。‎ ‎17．A.one after another B．here and there C．now and then D．year after year 解析：选D　year after year“年复一年”，意为“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。‎ ‎18．A.win B．collect C．harvest D．plant 解析：选C　本句意在表达“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。‎ ‎19．A.holes B．lines C．space D．balance 解析：选C　从词语搭配考虑，本句指的是“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，而非留有线、洞或平衡，因此选space。‎ ‎20．A.showed B．meant C．intended D．decided 解析：选A　前面有Jia did experiments，因此后面是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Tuan was a farmer. For decades, he __1__ (struggle) to rid his family __2__ hunger. However, __3__ always confused him __4__ to expand the output of his crops. This __5__ (disturb) problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather have chosen another job.‎ One day, when __6__ (skim) through a newspaper, Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan's nationality and occupation, and then focused on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very __7__ (practice). Therefore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped __8__ (him) to keep his crops roots free from bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and freedom, he was full of hope.‎ The next year, Tuan was sunburnt but __9__ (satisfy) with his production very much. __10__ (thank) to Yuan Longping, he not only won the battle against hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位农民受到袁隆平的激励而努力研制农业新品种，提高农作物产量的故事。‎ ‎1．had been struggling　根据For decades和was可知应用过去完成进行时。‎ ‎2．of　rid sb. of ...“摆脱，除去”。‎ ‎3．it　it为形式主语。‎ ‎4．how　“how to expand the output of his crops”是真正的主语。‎ ‎5．disturbing　用形容词来修饰后面的名词problem，意为“令人烦恼的”。‎ ‎6．skimming　此处为状语从句的省略，补全句子为“when (he was) skimming ...”。‎ ‎7．practical　形容词practical作宾语knowledge的补足语。‎ ‎8．himself　和主语He为同一人，此处用反身代词加强语气。‎ ‎9．satisfied　be satisfied with“对……满意”。‎ ‎10．Thanks　Thanks to“由于，多亏了”。‎