2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（32页）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计（32页）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes单元学案设计 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．earthquake n．　　　　　　 地震 ‎2．quake n. 震动；地震 ‎3．well n. 井 ‎4．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt.&vi. (使)开裂；破裂 ‎5．smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的 ‎6．farmyard n. 农场；农家　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎7．pipe n．　 　 　 　　　　　 管；导管 ‎8．million n. 百万 ‎9．canal n. 运河；水道 ‎10．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 ‎11．dirt n. 污垢；泥土 ‎12．extreme adj. 极度的 ‎13．survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物 ‎14．brick n. 砖；砖块 ‎15．dam n. 水坝；堰堤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎16．track n．　　　　　　　　 轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎17．mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井 ‎18．miner n. 矿工 ‎19．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎20．reporter n. 记者 ‎21．bar n. 条；棒；条状物 ‎22．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎23．headline n. 报刊的大字标题 ‎24．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎1．burst vi.　　　　　　　　 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎2．event n. 事件；大事 ‎3．nation n. 民族；国家；国民 ‎4．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎5.suffering n．　　　　　　　 苦难；痛苦 ‎6．injure vt. 损害；伤害　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎7．destroy vt.　　　　　　　 破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎8．useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的 ‎9．shock vt.&vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊 ‎10．rescue n．&vt. 援救；营救 ‎11．trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 ‎12．electricity n. 电；电流；电学 ‎13．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第六屏听写]‎ ‎14．bury vt.　　 　 　　　　 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎15．title n. 标题；头衔；资格 ‎16．damage n．&vt. 损失；损害 ‎17．frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 ‎18．frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 ‎19．frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎20．congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎21．judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第七屏听写]‎ ‎22．sincerely adv.　　　　　 真诚地；真挚地 ‎23．express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递 ‎24．right_away 立刻；马上 ‎25．as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎26．at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎27．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎28．dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎29．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅 ‎1.earthquake n．　　地震 ‎6.track ‎ ‎11.headline ‎ 读 单 词 ‎2．million n. 百万 ‎3．canal n. 运河；水道 ‎4．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 ‎5．extreme adj. 极度的 n．　 轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎7．mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井 ‎8．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎9．reporter n. 记者 ‎10．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 n．　报刊的大字标题 ‎12．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 ‎13．farmyard n. 农场；农家 ‎14．brick n. 砖；砖块 ‎15．dam n. 水坝；堰堤 表 达 单 词 ‎1.burst vi. (burst, burst)　爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎2．event n. 事件；大事 ‎3．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产 ‎4．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎5．useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的 ‎6．rescue n．&vt. 援救；营救 ‎7．trap vt. 使陷入困境 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (破坏)．‎ ‎2．With so many people buried (掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.‎ ‎3．A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.‎ ‎4．Too much drinking will do ‎ n. 陷阱；困境 ‎8．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎9．damage n．&vt. 损失；损害 ‎10．judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 ‎11．disaster n. 灾难； 灾祸 ‎12．title n. 标题；头衔；资格 damage (损害) to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.‎ ‎5．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.‎ ‎6．This is one of the worst natural disasters (灾难) ever to hit the area.‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的 ‎2．shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 ‎3．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．遭受；忍受；经历 ‎4．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的 ‎5．express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died yesterday.(shock)‎ ‎2．I am lacking in words and expressions to express how grateful I feel and I will give my head teacher the present as an expression of gratitude.(express)‎ ‎3．After seeing the frightening film, the_frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)‎ ‎4．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital ‎ ‎6．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ‎7．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺 ‎8．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的 nearby, but fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening.(injure)‎ ‎5．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.right_away　　　　　　立刻；马上 ‎2．think_little_of 以为……没什么 ‎3．at_an_end_ 结束；终结 ‎4．in_ruins_ 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎5．dig_out_ 掘出；发现 ‎6．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 ‎7．be_proud_of 以……而自豪 ‎8．be_trapped_in 陷入 ‎9．be_buried_in 埋头于 ‎1.I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.‎ ‎2．When I came in, he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.‎ ‎3．Please wait for a moment. I'll find the address for you right_away.‎ ‎4．The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins_merely in several seconds.‎ ‎5．The exhibition was so interesting that a_number_of people came to visit it.‎ ‎6. My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ as if 后常接表语从句或方式状语从句，若表示非真实情况常用虚拟语气。‎ 保罗从后窗往外看，看见狼站在麦克的自行车上，仿佛那是一个猎物。(2017·浙江高考写作)‎ Paul looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac's bicycle as_if_it_were_a kill.‎ ‎2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. ‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。‎ leave＋宾语＋宾补“使……处于某种状态”。‎ 她跑开了，留下她的母亲一个人在雨中。‎ She ran away and left_her_mother_in_the_rain alone.‎ ‎3.All hope was not lost. ‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 部分否定。all ... not ...＝not all ...意为“并非所有的……都……”。‎ 最近的一项调查表明，在我们学校并非所有的学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。‎ ‎ A recent survey shows that not_all_the_students_in_our_school_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.be_expected_to 　被期望 ‎1.clothes n．　　　　衣服 ‎1.“没有”的表达法 no book＝not a book ‎2．be_free 免费 ‎3．be_good_at 擅长……‎ ‎4．be good for 对……有益 ‎ ‎5．be good to 对……友好 ‎6．be good with 与……相处得好 ‎(集合名词)‎ ‎2．clothing n. 衣服(不可数)‎ ‎3．cloth n. 布料(不可数)‎ ‎4．how much money 多少钱 ‎5．how old 多大 ‎6．what size 多大号 no books＝not any books no water＝not any water ‎2．about five kilometers away ‎ from school离学校大约5公里远 ‎3．far away from school离学校很远 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发 ‎[教材原句]　In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.‎ 在市内，一些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。‎ ‎ (1)burst in/into　　　　　　 闯入；突然破门而入 突然大哭起来/大笑起来 ‎(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.‎ ‎②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.‎ 一句多译 看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然大哭起来。‎ ‎③Seeing her classmates burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying. (burst out doing)‎ ‎④Seeing her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (burst into＋n.)‎ ‎[名师指津]　短语burst in中的in是副词，后不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后接宾语。‎ ‎2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.毁灭；使破产 ‎[教材原句]　In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.‎ 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。‎ ‎(1)lie/be in ruins　　　 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ‎(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future ‎ 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①In order to benefit from online shopping instead of being_ruined (ruin) by it, I suggest that each online shopper learn selfcontrol and make every minute and every penny count.‎ ‎②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.‎ 补全句子 ‎③No matter how famous a brand is, it_can_be_in_ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.‎ 无论一个牌子多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。‎ ‎3．injure vt.损害；伤害 ‎[教材原句]　Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.‎ 他们中有三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。‎ ‎(1)injured adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 受伤的 the injured 伤员 ‎(2)injury n. 损害；伤害 do sb.an injury＝do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)．(2016·天津高考单选)‎ ‎②Dogs' owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.‎ ‎③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.‎ ‎4．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏 ‎[教材原句]　The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。‎ ‎(1)be buried in＝bury oneself in　　 埋头于；专心于 ‎(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had ‎ left.‎ ‎②Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.‎ 一句多译 专心于看报，他没注意到他的爸爸。‎ ‎③Buried_in_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (bury)‎ ‎④Absorbed_in_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (absorb)‎ ‎⑤Concentrating_on_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (concentrate)‎ ‎⑥Devoted_to_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad. (devote)‎ ‎5．judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决 ‎ ‎[高考佳句]　I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 我写信邀请你担任6月15号在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。‎ ‎(1)judge ...from/by ...　 从……来判断 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 ‎(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover.”‎ ‎②Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet.‎ 补全句子 ‎③As_far_as_I_can_judge/As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it's dangerous to give a drunk man a lift at night.‎ ‎ 依我看来，在晚上搭载一个醉酒的人是危险的。‎ ‎[名师指津]　judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.‎ ‎2．His house was_destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.‎ ‎3．He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.‎ ‎4．He went through a lot of sufferings (suffer) before new China was founded.‎ ‎5．Don't forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when someone does something good.‎ ‎6．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins (ruin). ‎ ‎7．What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.‎ ‎8．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.‎ ‎9．When she heard about the news that her father had died, she burst out crying (cry)．‎ ‎10．When people use words and expressions (express) different from ‎ the “standard language”， it is called a dialect.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1. Judged from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.Judged→Judging ‎2．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying.frightening→frightened ‎3．In the earthquake, about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into ruin.millions→million ‎4．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.for→to ‎5．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital.has→have ‎6．They were extreme sad at the thought of their missing son.extreme→extremely Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1．由于他埋头于读书，所以不知道外面下雨了。‎ ‎①Because he_buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books, he didn't know it was raining outside. ‎ ‎②Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词作状语)‎ ‎③Buried_in_his_books,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词作状语)‎ ‎2．听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。‎ ‎①When_they_heard_this,_the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate's face turned red. (时间状语从句，burst into)‎ ‎②Hearing_this,_the whole class burst_out_laughing and my ‎ deskmate's face turned red.(分词作状语，burst out)‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．at an end结束；终结 ‎[经典例句]　When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.‎ 当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。‎ ‎(1)at the end of　　　 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止 ‎ (常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 使……结束 come to an end 完成；结束 ‎[多角练透]‎ 同义句改写 The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.‎ ‎①The_meeting_came_to_an_end_and_he_set_down_many_key_points. (come)‎ ‎②We_brought_the_meeting_to_an_end_and_he_set_down_many_key_points. (bring)‎ ‎③We_put_an_end_to_the_meeting_and_he_set_down_many_key_points./We_put_the_meeting_to_an_end_and_he_set_down_many_key_points. (put)‎ 单句改错 ‎④You should add your name in the end of the report.in→at ‎2．a (great) number of许多；大量的 ‎[教材原句]　Such a great number of people died because the ‎ quake happened while they were sleeping.‎ 造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A large number of books have_been_stolen (steal) from the library so far.‎ ‎②The number of books stolen from the library is_ (be) large.‎ ‎③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away now.‎ 单句写作 ‎④一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。(2014·广东高考写作)‎ A great deal of money was_donated_to_a_university_by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“large quantities/amounts of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of＋n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎3．as if引导方式状语从句和表语从句 It seemed as_if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ as if (＝as though)“仿佛；好像”‎ ‎，在句中引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。‎ ‎(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(3)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。‎ ‎①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move. (陈述语气)‎ 快点！看起来火车要开了。‎ ‎②A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were (be) the only people in the world.‎ 一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。‎ ‎③Tom raised his right hand as if_to_say (say) something.‎ 汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。‎ ‎4．部分否定 All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all ... not ...＝not all ...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。‎ ‎①All_students_don't_obey/Not_all_students_obey the school rules, so as a teacher, I should be strict with them. ‎ 并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我应严格要求他们。‎ ‎(1) 英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely,‎ ‎ always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。‎ ‎②Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't_help_everyone in the class in 50 minutes. ‎ 我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。‎ ‎③None_of_us was allowed to go there.‎ 我们全都不被允许去那里。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something.‎ ‎2．As China develops fast, a number of foreigners are_learning (learn) Chinese as a second language.‎ ‎3．Do you know the girl whose English is excellent?‎ ‎4．I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.‎ ‎5．We had intended to take a twoday trip, but we were too busy to_afford (afford) it.‎ ‎6．Do you think it_ possible for so many people to sit in such a small room?‎ Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。(too ... to ...)‎ Just as an old saying goes: it is never too_late_to_learn.‎ ‎2．有噪音，似乎是从楼下传过来的。(as if)‎ It is noisy. _It_seems_as_if the noise comes from downstairs.‎ ‎3．我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。(be doing ... when ...)‎ I was_walking_along_the_street_when I heard my name called. ‎ ‎4．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶烧着就出去了。(leave复合结构)‎ His house caught fire, because he went out but left_the_stove_burning in the kitchen.‎ ‎5．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。(部分否定)‎ I agree with most of what you said, but I _don't_agree_with_everything.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．Every boy is not interested in sports. (变为同义句)‎ ‎→Not_every_boy_ is interested in sports.‎ ‎2．Not all of them were allowed to go there. (变为全部否定)‎ ‎→None_of_them were allowed to go there.‎ ‎3．The old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly.(状语从句的省略)‎ ‎→The old man was lying on the ground as if_hurt_badly.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——定语从句(Ⅰ)‎ Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空 ‎1．My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to ‎ more than 1,000 yuan.‎ ‎2．She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.‎ ‎3．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.‎ ‎4．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.‎ ‎5．The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.‎ ‎6．We don't know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.‎ ‎7．Hany is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.‎ ‎8．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?‎ ‎9．All that we need is enough rest after long hours' work.‎ ‎10．Have you read the book which/that was written by Anne Frank?‎ Ⅱ.用定语从句合并下面的句子 ‎1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.‎ ‎→Do_you_know_the_man_who/that_spoke_to_the_headmaster_just_now?‎ ‎2．I have seen the film. They're talking about the film.‎ ‎→I_have_seen_the_film_that/which_they're_talking_about.‎ ‎3．The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.‎ ‎→The_girl_whose_father_is_a_Chinese_is_from_America.‎ ‎4．My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.‎ ‎→My_grandparents_live_in_a_house_which/that_is_more_than_100_years_old.‎ ‎5．The girl is from America.I called her just now.‎ ‎→The_girl_whom/who/that_I_called_just_now_is_from_America.‎ ‎6．This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.‎ ‎→This_is_the_house_which/that_Lu_Xun_once_lived_in.‎ ‎(二)课堂微写作　练扩写——让意蕴更丰满 ‎[题目要求]‎ 昨晚，本市的一座办公楼发生火灾。假定你是一名校报记者，请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的报道，介绍火灾情况。‎ A terrible fire A big fire happened in one office building in our city at about nine o'clock last night.‎ The fire started at the first floor, spreading one by one to the floors above. Some windows and brick walls were burnt down. The firemen put out the fire. Luckily, there was no person in the office building when the fire broke out.‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ A_terrible_fire A_big_fire_happened_in_one_office_building_in_our_city_at_about_nine_o'clock_last_night.‎ In_the_beginning,_we_saw_flames_with_thick_black_smoke_coming_out_from_the_sixth_floor._It_was_said_that_the_fire_started_at_the_first_floor,_spreading_one_by_one_to_the_floors_above,_and_finally_reached_the_top_floor.‎ Worse_still,_some_windows_and_brick_walls_were_burnt_down_because_of_the_heat_of_the_fire.Many_firemen_and_fire_engines_came_quickly._It_was_about_two_hours_before_the_firemen_put_out_the_‎ fire.Luckily，there_was_no_person_in_the_office_building_when_the_fire_broke_out.‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 A year ago, when my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and I left home, my parents moved to the other side of the country. They had built a beautiful house and they love their new, pleasant __1__. My dad still works, but Mum __2__ early last year and is now __3__ and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__. She has tried joining clubs, __5__ people and integrating (融入群体) into her new community but without any luck.‎ She still knows no one despite her best __6__. The area they have moved to is closed and __7__ to strangers. She is many miles from her old friends and family, __8__ all day, every day with only pets for company. She is very intelligent, artistic, loyal and funny — a truly amazing person. She has always had lovely friends and been __9__ and busy. It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks (挫折)．‎ Recently, when I chat to her, I have noticed her low __11__ — she jokes that she feels as if she is __12__ a bit of craziness from the quiet and __13__. After many years of working and __14__ a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself. __15__， my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone. My dad doesn't understand her __16__ as he is out at work all day. He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy when living in such a beautiful place and without the pressure of work. He is at a loss how he can __17__ things ‎ and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels. It has got so bad that they are __19__ moving again to a different area. However, I am in favor of that.‎ Friendship and __20__ are far more important than a fancy house.‎ 语篇解读：母亲退休后，搬了新家，尽管房子很漂亮，但在新的地方，习惯了忙碌的母亲却感到不快乐和孤独，作者由此得出：在人生中，友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。‎ ‎1．A.scenery　　　　　　 B．surroundings C．atmosphere D．attraction 解析：选B　根据前文的“my parents moved to the other side of the country ... love their new, pleasant”可知，他们在那里建造了新家并且也很喜欢那儿的环境。故选B。scenery“景色，风景”；surroundings“环境”；atmosphere“气氛”；attraction“吸引人的事物”。‎ ‎2．A.dismissed B．displaced C．retired D．removed 解析：选C　根据前文的“My dad still works”及“but”可知，此处前后是转折关系，所以这里表示母亲已经退休。故选C。dismiss“解雇”；displace“取代”；retire“退休”；remove“搬走”。‎ ‎3．A.struggling B．imagining C．seeking D．attempting 解析：选A　根据空后的“and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__”可知，母亲不太适应新的环境，所以此处表示母亲正努力适应环境。故选A。struggle“奋斗，努力”；imagine“想象”；seek“寻找”；attempt“企图”。‎ ‎4．A.available B．satisfied C．painful D．alone 解析：选D　根据后文的“She has tried joining clubs，__5__ people and integrating (融入群体) into her new community but without any luck.”可知，她变得越来越不开心和孤独。故选D。available“可获得的”；satisfied“满足的”；painful“痛苦的”；alone“孤独的”。‎ ‎5．A.meeting B．recognizing C．tracking D．calling 解析：选A　根据前文的“She has tried joining clubs”可知，此处与前后文在语义上形成并列，即她曾经尝试着加入俱乐部，结识周围的人们，融入新的社区，但都不是那么幸运，故选A。meet“结识，相识”；recognize“辨别出，承认”；track“跟踪”；call“打电话”。‎ ‎6．A.comments B．regards ‎ C．efforts D．pains 解析：选C　根据前文的“... but without any luck”可知，尽管母亲付出了很大的努力但仍一个人也不认识，故选C。comment“评论”；regards“致意，问候”；effort“努力”；pain“痛苦”。‎ ‎7．A.illegal B．unfriendly C．dishonest D．innocent 解析：选B　此处表示我父母搬来的这个地方很封闭，对待陌生人也不友好，故选B。空前的closed“封闭的，闭关自守的”是解题的关键。illegal“不合法的”；unfriendly“不友好的”；dishonest“不诚实的”；innocent“纯真的，无辜的”。‎ ‎8．A.stuck B．lost C．sleepy D．addicted 解析：选A　分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰句子的主语She。根据前文的“She is many miles from her old friends and family”‎ 及后文的“every day with only pets for company”可知，此处表示她整天困在家中，故选A。stuck“困住的”；lost“迷失的”；sleepy “瞌睡的”；addicted“入迷的，上瘾的”。‎ ‎9．A.graceful B．messy C．aggressive D．happy 解析：选D　根据倒数第二段中的“He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy”可知，母亲曾经是很幸福快乐的，搬家前后的生活形成了对比，故选D。graceful“优雅的”；messy “凌乱的”；aggressive“好斗的，声势浩大的”；happy“高兴的，幸福的”。‎ ‎10．A.escape B．bear C．undertake D．solve 解析：选B　此处表示看到母亲忍受孤独和打击，我的心就要碎了，故选B。escape“逃跑”；bear“忍受”；undertake“从事”；solve“解决”。‎ ‎11．A.attitude B．condition C．determination D．mood 解析：选D　此处表示我注意到母亲的情绪有点低落，故选D。attitude“态度”；condition“状况，状态”；determination“决心”；mood“情绪”。‎ ‎12．A.making up B．going through C．pursuing D．witnessing 解析：选B　此处表示母亲开玩笑似的说她好像正在经历来自安静和孤独的一丝疯狂，故选B。make up “编造，化妆”；go through“经历”；pursue“追求”；witness“目击，见证”。‎ ‎13．A.pressure B．loss C．loneliness D．ambition 解析：选C　根据前文“It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks(挫折)．”可知，此处为原词复现，故选C。pressure“压力”；loss“丢失”；loneliness“孤独”；ambition“野心，志向”。‎ ‎14．A.supporting B．providing C．protecting D．educating 解析：选A　此处表示多年的工作和养育一家人后，她本可以自由地享受生活。此处supporting a family意为“养育一家人”，符合语境，故选A。support“养活，赡养，维持”；provide“提供”；protect“保护”；educate“教育”。‎ ‎15．A.Unbelievably B．Remarkably C．Unfortunately D．Especially 解析：选C　根据后文的“my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone”可知，我和兄弟姐妹由于住的离母亲远，只能通过电话与她联系，所以此处应填Unfortunately“不幸地”，故选C。unbelievably“难以置信地”；remarkably“非凡地，引人注目地”；especially“尤其”。‎ ‎16．A.intention B．experience C．character D．situation 解析：选D　根据后文的“as he is out at work all day”可知，父亲整天在外面上班，他不能够理解母亲现在的状况，故选D。intention“意图”；experience“经历”；character“性格”；situation“情况，状况”。‎ ‎17．A.change B．observe C．appreciate D．increase 解析：选A　此处表示他也不知道如何改变现状，故选A。change“改变”；observe“观察”；appreciate“欣赏，感激”；increase“提高”。‎ ‎18．A.confused B．slim C．sad D．relaxed 解析：选C　此处表示父亲不知道如何改变现状，对母亲的感受感到内疚和忧伤，故选C。confused“迷惑的”；slim“小的，苗条的”；sad“忧伤的，难过的”；relaxed“放松的”。‎ ‎19．A.admitting B．considering C．enjoying D．avoiding 解析：选B　根据前文的“He is at a loss how he can __17__ things and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels”可知，此处表示家人正在考虑搬到另外一个地方，故选B。admit“承认”；consider“考虑”；enjoy“享受”；avoid“避免”。‎ ‎20．A.excitement B．embarrassment C．disappointment D．enjoyment 解析：选D　此处表示友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。故选D。excitement“兴奋”；embarrassment“尴尬”；disappointment“失望”；enjoyment“快乐”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 For 26 years, Tess Heidelberger's wedding dress was sitting in a dusty box in her basement next to her Christmas decorations. She felt it was __1__waste, and then thought of her plain Christmas tree skirt on the top of the Christmas decorations. So she came up __2__an idea of putting ‎ the two of __3__ (they) together, and wanted to turn part of her wedding gown (长袍) into a tree skirt.‎ Tess, __4__ (live) in Mauldin, purchased the wedding dress in 1989, __5__had all the features of 80s bridal style. She got married the following year. Her daughters had no interest in wearing it as they felt it was __6__ (complete) outofdate. So Tess made a __7__ (decide) to make the dress an art project.‎ She got a pair of scissors and a bottle of glue (胶水) and got to work. All she needed to buy were some pretty ribbons to cover the glue, because she had already had a plain Christmas tree skirt __8__ (put) underneath the wedding dress. When everything was ready, she pinned the wedding dress skirt on the plain Christmas tree skirt until it was the way she liked. Then she __9__ (decorate) the dress skirt.‎ In all, Tess only spent an hour completing it. She was very pleased with the __10__ (finish) product.‎ 语篇解读：Tess Heidelberger将自己的婚纱改成了一件圣诞树裙，她对自己的这件作品很满意。‎ ‎1．a　第一次提到的名词用不定冠词a。‎ ‎2．with　come up with“提出”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎3．them　介词of后需接宾格。‎ ‎4．living　live与逻辑主语Tess之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎5．which　此处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代物，故用which。‎ ‎6．completely　修饰形容词outofdate应用副词形式。‎ ‎7．decision　根据不定冠词a可知此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎8．to put　此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎9．decorated　decorate这个动作发生在过去，需用过去式。‎ ‎10．finished　finish与product之间是被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词形式。‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 The reason why some of us enjoy taking risks might have something to do with early humans.Risktakers were better at hunting, fighting or exploring. Being better at those things meant a __1__ (great) chance of survival.As the quality of risktaking __2__ (pass) from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ You may wonder __3__ not all people enjoy taking risks.Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risktaking could get one __4__ (kill)．As a result, humans developed a range of character types __5__ still exist today.So maybe you love car racing, __6__ maybe you hate it.It all depends on your character.‎ No matter where you are on the riskseeking range, scientists say that your __7__ (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.__8__ (help) you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean __9__ (take) some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ As experts continue studying human brains, we'll know more __10__ the science of riskseeking.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人们喜欢冒险的原因和科学依据。‎ ‎1．greater　这里用great的比较级与句中的better相呼应。‎ ‎2．was passed　主语“the quality of risktaking”是谓语动词动作pass的承受者，需用被动语态；这里是描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．why　本空后的内容解释了为什么不是所有的人都喜欢冒险，故用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎4．killed　过去分词killed作宾语补足语，宾语one与宾补动作kill之间是动宾关系。‎ ‎5．that/which　关系代词that/which指代先行词“a range of character types”， 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎6．or　前后两个分句在意义上是选择关系，故用or连接。‎ ‎7．willingness　空格中所填单词前有形容词性物主代词your，且在句中作主语，故用willing的名词形式。‎ ‎8．To help　“To help you do that”是不定式短语作目的状语。‎ ‎9．taking　mean doing sth.意思是“意味着做某事”。‎ ‎10．about　know about sth.是习惯搭配，意思是“了解，知道”。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Dear Mr.Smith，‎ I'm Li Hua, a student from Hongxing Middle School.On behalf of our school, I'd like to congratulating you on the new world record you have set.But I'm delighted to invite you to give a speech about that you have experienced.You are very popular in our school now and your stories publishing in the newspapers is a great encouragement to many students.‎ The activity would be held in our school hall on November 17th, starting with at 3 pm and lasting 2 hours.The audience may include all the student, staff and some parents.I sincere hope you can come and make wonderful speech.‎ I'm looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第二句：congratulating→congratulate 第三句：But→And; that→what 第四句：publishing→published; is→are 第五句：would→will; 去掉with 第六句：student→students 第七句：sincere→sincerely; make后加a Ⅲ.书面表达 假定你是李华。你将在寒假参加一个名为“英国名校两周游”的冬令营。请你给去年回国的外教Bryan写一封电子邮件。内容包括：‎ ‎1．告诉他你的行程；‎ ‎2．请他推荐一些旅游景点；‎ ‎3．希望能见到他。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Bryan, ‎ How time flies! It has been a year since you went back home.All of us miss you very much.I am writing to tell you about my trip to the UK during the coming winter vacation.‎ I am planning to join a twoweek program to visit some famous universities in the UK.We are scheduled to stay in London from January ‎ 28th to February 11th, when we are organized to visit universities such as Cambridge and Oxford.Could you recommend some mustsee tourist attractions to me so that I can learn more about the UK? I am wondering whether I can meet you during my stay.‎ I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua