高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module 6 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 复习定语从句

高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module 6 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 复习定语从句

www.ks5u.com 复习定语从句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ‎1.On a freezing cold day in January 1994，Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for—a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.‎ ‎2.In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.‎ ‎3.Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.‎ ‎4.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India，where it is made into the shawls.‎ ‎5.Sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.‎ ‎1.句1，句2和句5为限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作主语、主语和宾语。‎ ‎2.句3和句4为非限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作定语和状语。‎ ‎3.句2中的关系词which可以用that代替。‎ ‎4.句4中的关系词为where，如果用which代替可用in which。‎ 一、引导定语从句的关系词 ‎1．引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法 ‎ 关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 who 指人 主、宾、表 whom 指人 宾 which 指物 主、宾、表 that 既指人又指物 主、宾、表 whose 既指人又指物 定 as 既指人又指物 主、宾、表 关系副词 when 指时间 时间状语 where 指地点 地点状语 why 指原因 原因状语 She is the girl who lives next door.‎ 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。‎ She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.‎ 她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。‎ As is known to us all，China is a developing country.‎ 众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。‎ I still remember the days when we stayed in England.‎ 我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。‎ ‎[名师点津]　‎ 当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意义的名词时用关系副词where引导定语从句。‎ They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.‎ 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。‎ ‎2．定语从句中关系词的选用 ‎ 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。‎ The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father.‎ 昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。‎ This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.‎ 这是我去年待过的山村。‎ 方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。‎ ‎3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别 ‎ 用that不用which的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时 先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或先行词被其修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时 用which不用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that 介词后边用which不用that We should do everything that is useful to the people.‎ 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。‎ This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.‎ 这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。‎ I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.‎ 我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。‎ ‎[即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ‎①Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.‎ ‎②Do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday?‎ ‎③As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ ‎④We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.5.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?‎ 二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法 ‎1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。‎ ‎(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。‎ The poor man has no house in which he can live.‎ 那个穷人没房子住。‎ ‎(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。‎ I don't know the reason for which he was late for school.‎ 我不知道他为何上学迟到。‎ ‎(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。‎ This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.‎ 这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。‎ ‎2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。‎ I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army.‎ 我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。‎ Do you know the man with whom Mr.Black talked just now?‎ 你认识刚和布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？‎ ‎3．关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词＋which”，介词取决于先行词及介词＋which在从句中的作用。why只可替换for which。‎ This is the house in which I lived two years ago.‎ ‎＝This is the house where I lived two years ago.‎ 这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。‎ ‎4．“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。‎ Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.‎ 上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。‎ ‎5．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”；可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。‎ The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired.‎ 窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。‎ ‎[即时训练2]　用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子 ‎①He wrote a letter.In the letter he explained what had happened in the accident.‎ ‎→He wrote a letter in which he explained what had happened in the accident.‎ ‎②Our company has 2,000 workers.Two thirds of them are women.‎ ‎→Our company has 2,000 workers，two thirds of whom/of whom two thirds are women.‎ ‎③Winter is the time of year.During this time the days are short and the nights are long.‎ ‎→Winter is the time of year，during which the days are short and the nights are ‎ long.‎ 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)‎ 和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)‎ 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开 可用that、which/who引导 不可以用that引导，只能用which/whom 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 He is the man who came to see you yesterday.‎ 他是昨天来看你的那个人。‎ The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.‎ 运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。‎ ‎1．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 ‎ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事。‎ 位置较灵活，既可置于所修饰的句子前面，也可插在句子中或放在句子后，一般译为“正如，就像”。‎ which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词。‎ 定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后。‎ As we all know，smoking is harmful to health.‎ 我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。‎ He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us.‎ 他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。‎ ‎2．非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别 非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。‎ He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn't been cleaned ‎ for at least a year.‎ ‎＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.‎ ‎＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows.Most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.‎ ‎[即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ‎①Peter，whom you met in London，is now back in Paris.‎ ‎②The 12yearold boy won the gold medal，which came as a surprise to many people.‎ ‎③I stay in a dormitory with three other girls，all of whom are kind and nice.‎ ‎④As is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．A football fan is a person who/that has a strong interest in football.‎ ‎2．Can you lend me the novel which/that you read the other day?‎ ‎3．I have bought the same dress as she is wearing.‎ ‎4．As is known to all，the compass (指南针) was first made in China.‎ ‎5．She is one of the few girls whose grade is above average.‎ ‎6．This is the best film that I have seen.‎ ‎7．I know the student from whom I borrowed the book.‎ ‎8．The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.‎ ‎9．Do you still remember the day when we first met?‎ ‎10．This is the reason why he didn't attend the lecture.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎1．The earthquake about that you were talking sounded frightening.that→which ‎2．The house which wall is red has now been sold.which→whose ‎ ‎3．I will never forget the three years when I spent in the junior school.when→that/which或去掉when ‎4．Bob brought three friends to my party，none of them had visited my home before.them→whom或逗号后加but ‎5．My new car，which I paid 200,000 yuan for it，broke down on the freeway.去掉it Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．等考试结束后，我们都有时间的时候，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？‎ How about the last Sunday of June，when the examination is over and we are free?‎ ‎2．其次，通过这个活动，我可以结识可以分享共同兴趣的人。‎ Secondly，I can make the acquaintance of people who share the same interest through this activity.‎ ‎3．我想买的那款计算机卖完了。‎ The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.‎ ‎4．我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。‎ We should do everything that is useful to the people.‎ ‎5．我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。‎ When we talk about Hangzhou，the first that comes into our mind is the West Lake.‎