专题04+直击高考考点之介词和介词短语-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题04+直击高考考点之介词和介词短语-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题 04 直击高考考点之介词和介词短语 知识清单 一、介词短语的构成及用法 介词短语由“介词+宾语”构成。能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词的-ing 形式 等。介词短语在句中可作表语、定语和状语。 1. 作表语 指介词短语用于连系动词之后， 补充说明主语的性质、成分或特 征。 At present, our school is in a good condition.目前，我们学校运作良好。 Our English teacher looks like a professor.我们的英语老师看起来像一 位教授。 2. 作定语 作定语的介词短语附于名词或代 词之后，起形容词的作用。 That girl in white skirt is very beautiful.穿着白色裙子的那个女孩很漂 亮。 He didn’t give her anything of value.他 没有给她任何有价值的东西。 3. 作状语 作状语的介词短语可以表示原 因、让步、条件、比较、时间、 地点、方位和范围等，修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子，起副 词的作用。 Her daughter was born on a raining night. 她的女儿是在一个下雨的晚上出生的。 (修饰谓语，表示时间) By contrast， China is a little larger than the U.S.A.比较起来，中国比美国稍 大。(修饰整个句子，表示比较) 二、短语介词的构成及用法 短语介词就是由两个或几个词构成的短语，其作用相当于一 个介词，其后接名词、宾格代词、动名词等，构成较为复杂的介词短语，在句中也可充当表 语、定语和状语。 高中阶段常见的短语介词有如下几种。 1. 连词+介 词 主要有 because of（因为）、as for（就……方 面说）、as to（至于）和 but for（要不是）等。 But for your money, I would have starved.要不是你的钱， 我就已经饿死。 2. 介词+介 词 主要有 along with（随着）和 except for（除了）。 The little boy comes to the city along with his parents.这个小 男孩随着他的父母来到这个 城市。 3. 介词+ 名词+介词 主要有 by way of（通过……方法）、by means of（通过）、with/in regard to（关于）、with respect to 或 in respect of（就……来说）、with expectation of （期待）、with reference to （就……而论）、in case of（以防）、in charge of（掌管）、in addition to（除了……之外）、 in honor of（为了表达对……的敬意）、in front of（在……前面）、in place of（代替）、in terms of（根据）、in view of（考虑到）、in advance of （比……进步）、by reason of（由于）、in hopes of（怀着……的希望）、in fear of（由于害 怕……）、for fear of（唯恐）、in favor of（支 持）、in answer to（为回答……）、in defense of （保卫）等。 We expressed our thanks by means of writing a letter.我们 通过写一封信来表达我们的 感谢之情。 Nowadays a lot of farmers crowd into cities in hopes of looking for jobs.现在，大量农 民怀着寻找工作的希望，涌进 城市。 The little boy still came to school early in spite of his illness.尽管生病了，这小男孩 依然很早就来到学校。 4. 形容词 +介词 主要有 regardless of（不论）、due to（由于）、 owing to（由于）和 previous to（在……以前）。 Every student can take part in the activity regardless of boys or girls.无论男孩或者女孩， 每个学生都能参加这项活动。 Owing to laziness, the boy failed to pass the test.由于懒 惰，这个男孩考试不及格。 5. 副词+介 词 主要有apart from（除了……之外还有；除了）、 ahead of（在……之前）、away from（远离）、 instead of（代替）和 out of（在……外）。 I bought some English books apart from several pens yesterday.昨天，除了几支钢 笔，我还买了几本英语书。 You should make a good preparation for the travel ahead of Wednesday.你应该在 星期三之前为这趟旅游作好 准备。 6.介词+ the + 名词 + 介词 主要有 for the purpose of（为了）、in the charge of（由……掌管）、in the care of（就……来说）、 at the expense of（以……为代价）、at the back of（在……的后面）、at the mercy of（在…… 的支配下）、by the side of（在……附近）、by the end of（在……之前）、in the hope of（怀 着……的期望）、on the point of（正要……的 时候）、under the control of（在……控制之 下）、with the expectation of（带着……希望）、 at the risk of（冒着……的危险）、at the sight of （一见到……就）、at the top of（在……的上 面）、by the time of（到……的时候已经）、at the end of（在……的末端）、at the foot of（在…… 脚下）、on the ground of（根据）、in the head of （居于……首位）、in the middle of（在…… 中间）、with the object of（以……为目的）等。 Now the large company is in the charge of a young man.现 在这家大公司由一个年轻人 掌管。 A rich businessman bought that old house at the expense of ten million yuan.一位富商 以 1000 万元买下那间旧房 子。 A large number of students come to our school with the expectation of going to college.很多学生带着上大学 的希望而来我们学校。 In the case of housework, Mr Zhang has never done anything.就家务来说，张先生 从来不做些什么。 高考考点直击 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语 或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如 at，in，for 等； 合成介词，如 within，inside，onto，throughout 等；短语介词，如 according to，out of，because of，by means of，in spite of，instead of 等；双重介词，如 from behind/above/under，until after 等；分词介词，如 considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。 1.介词搭配 (1)“动词＋介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb.of sth./clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与 of 连用) ②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与 with 连用) ③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作、制 造”意义的动词与 of，from，into 连用) ④介词＋the＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与 on 连用) catch him by the arm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与 by 连用) hit the boy in the face(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与 in 连用) ⑤prevent(stop，keep)sb.from doing sth.(表示“阻止，禁止”意义的动词与 from 连用) ⑥persuade(advise，warn)sb.into doing sth.(表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与 into 连用) ⑦buy(leave，get，win，gain，lose) sth.for sb.(表示“得失”意义的动词与 for 连用) ⑧tell(show，teach，sing，write，read) sth.to sb.(表示“告知”意义的动词与 to 连用) ⑨give(allow，promise，pass，hand) sth.to sb.(表示“授予”意义的动词与 to 连用) 注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成 buy sb.sth.，tell sb.sth.，give sb.sth.双宾结构。 ⑩say to sb.(suggest，explain，apologize，murmur，whisper 等与“对象”连用必须用 to) 不可说 suggest sb.sth.。 (2)同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。 reply to the letter 回信，sing(dance) to the music 和……唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来 有……，devote to 把……贡献给，drink to 为……干杯，object to 反对，look forward to 渴望， come to 苏醒，belong to 属于，search for 搜……，ask for 请求，use...for 用作，leave for 前往， take...for 误以为，call for 要求，wait for 等待，care for 喜欢，make up for 弥补损失，turn to 求助/救于，help oneself to 随意，agree to 同意，compare...to 把……比作，send for 派人去请 /拿……，sail for 驶向，起航，set out for 动身去，go in for 爱好…… (3)常见“形容词＋介词”搭配。 worthy of 值得的，glad about sth.for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from 离……远，grateful to sb.for sth.为某事感激某人，free from 没有……/免除……，proud of/take pride in 自豪，satisfied with/by 满意，sure of/about 确信，fond of 喜欢，fit for 适合，busy with sth./in doing sth.忙着 干某事，full of 充满，ready for 准备，similar to 相似，wrong with 不对；有毛病…… (4)“名词＋介词”习惯搭配和意义区分。 the hope of success 成功的希望 have a chance of/for entering a medicine for cough 治咳嗽的药 the ticket for tomorrow 明天的票 his absence the way to study 学习方法 of studying maths 学习数学的方法 题组训练 1 用适当的介词填空 1.Our opinions on language learning differ greatly each other’s in that respect. 2.Our teacher often asks us to retell stories our own words. 3.I’ve promised to keep it secret，so I can’t really tell you anything what you know already. 4. time passing by，they have grown into big boys and big girls. 5.What was the cause the fire？ 【答案】1.from 2,in 3.beyond 4.With 5.of 2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)表示时间的介词 in 的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、季、月、周等，一般用介词 in，如：in the 1990s， in the year，in January，in (the) winter/summer/fall/spring，in the first week of May。 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while，in no time，in the daytime，in a short while，in time，in the morning(afternoon，evening)。 注意：①at night/at noon，in the day(在白天)，in the night(在夜间)。 ②in five days(weeks，months，years)中 in 意思是“在……以后”。 (2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用 on。 on Sunday(s)，on Tuesday morning on Christmas Day(但 at Christmas)，on Christmas Eve，on Children’s Day on March 8，on the morning(afternoon，evening)of Oct.1 early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late/early morning of Oct.1) on a rainy night，on warm winter days (3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用 at，如小时、分钟等。 at breakfast(supper，lunch)，at six at noon(sunrise，sunset，midday，night，midnight，dawn) at the age of 15，at the time of war(但 in time of danger/trouble) 注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。 next day，last Sunday，that morning，these years one，each，any，every，some，all 修饰时，一般不用介词，如 some day，one day，all afternoon。 (4)till，until 的用法。 till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 He waited for me till twelve o’clock. He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用 to). 注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用 till 而用 until。 Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school. (5)in，later，after ①in＋一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在…… 之内”时，用于各种时态。 ②一段时间＋later(later 是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时 间后。 ③after＋一段时间：表示“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用 after，即 after＋点时间，用于各种时态。 The doctor will be with us in six minutes. She graduated in 1981，and eight years later she became the manager of the factory. He received her letter after four weeks. 另外，in＋一段时间＋’s＋time 与 within＋一段时间的用法如下： in a week’s time＝in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语) I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within＝in less than...用于各种时态，意为“不超出， 在……之内”) (6)地点介词 at，on，in，to，off，across，through，over，above，under，below。 ①at 在较小的场所，in 在较大的场所，on 在……的平面上。如 at the door，at the airport， at the station，at 55 Park Street，in China，in the north，in Asia，on the desk，on the wall 等。 ②on，at，in，off 还可以表示两地的相对位置。若 A 地属于 B 地，用 in；A 地位于 B 地的外面且有边缘衔接，用 on；无边缘的衔接，用 to；A 在 B 附近，用 off。 Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(范围之内) Hunan Province lies on the west of Hubei Province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离) ③across 在物体表面“穿过”；through 则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。 They walked across the playground. I walked through the forest. ④over，above 译作“在……之上”；under，below 译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于 over， under 表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而 above，below 则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”， 不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。 A little boat is now under the bridge. There is a bridge over the river. The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线). The window is well above the tree. (7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词 ①by the year/hour/day 按年/小时/天。如：He rent a house by the year(day，hour).(按 by＋ the＋单位名称，但 to the pound 按磅算，to the ton 按吨计)。 ②表泛指的方式、手段 by post/mail 邮寄，by telephone(radio)(但 on the phone/on the radio/on TV)，by electricity 用电，by machinery 用电器，by hard work，learn sth.by heart，through the satellite，through practice，through his own efforts，through experience，through the telescope 交通工具类 by bus/train/car/taxi by bike/bicycle，on horseback/foot by plane/jet/spaceship/air by ship/boat/lifeboat/sea/water 另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于；用……方法，with the help(permission) of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)。 ③表方式、手段的其他用法 He beat the dog with a stick.(with＋工具/机器) One smells with his nose.(with＋人体器官，但 by hand 手工，用手) He stood up with pride.(with＋情绪、情感、态度的名词) 注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用 in。如：in English(ink，pencil)。另外如：in high(good， low)spirits，in anger，in joy，in comfort，in sorrow，in safety，in danger，in need，in debt， in love，in fun，in pain，in tears，in surprise，in good(poor) health，in good order，in flower， in a way，in a low voice，in silence，in(with) satisfaction，in a hurry，in(with) words，live/feed on food，kneel on one’s knee，take(catch) sb.by surprise(出其不意) (8)表示“除……之外”的常用词。 ①besides 除……以外(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。 Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw. It was too late to see a film，and besides，I was tired. ②except 除去，除……之外(不再有)。 We all went except John. 在否定句中，两词可以换用。 He has no other hats except/besides this one. ③except for 除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词或 what 从句，此时与“except that＋句子”意思相同。 He was very clever except for carelessness. ④except that...除了……一点以外。 He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses. ⑤but 与 except but 和 except 在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点： (A)前面有不定代词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用 but。 All but one are here. Nobody but I likes making model ships. (B)后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用 but。 He has nothing to do but wait.(前有 do，后省 to) (C)but 与一些固定结构连用。 have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不，can not help but do sth. 不得不……，but for...若不是…… (9)between 与 among between 通常指两者之间，也可以用于三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系。 Ann is between Tom and Bill. Switzerland lies between France，Germany，Australia and Italy. They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作) She was busy between cooking，washing，sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断 地，一个接一个地忙这忙那) A horse can be seen between trees now. among 表示三者以上之间。 The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills. He was happy to be among friends again. We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同) London is among the largest cities.(＝one of 与最高级连用) (10)表原因的介词 for，because of，due to。 He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness. The reason for his coming late is that he was ill. He was praised for his bravery and courage. The accident is due to your careless driving. (11)不定式复合结构中的 for，of。 这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是 for 或 of 加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语 的结构。 It is clever of you to answer it like that. It is quite hard for me to explain why. 注意：两句中的 of 和 for 的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与 面貌时用 of，如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用 for。 (12)兼作连词和副词的介词。 ①after，since，till/until，before 这些词既是介词，又是连词。 The children went home at once after school.(介词) They went to bed after they had finished the job.(连词) ②in，on，along，down，up，after，before，beyond 等介词可兼作副词。 He ran down the hill.(介词) Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me？(副词) ③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。 All the students got to school before me.(介词) We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词) Haven’t I seen you before？(副词) (13)介词的省略。 某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。 Nothing can prevent me (from) doing the job. She spent nearly two hours (in) translating it. (14)某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。 ①要求接 to 的名词有：key，answer，visit，entrance，apology，introduction，road 等。 The key to success is preparation. ②要求接 in 的名词有：interest，satisfaction，expert 等。 He is an expert in teaching small children. 题组训练 2 选词填空 1.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens. 2.The furniture，with its modern style and bright colors，suits modern houses and their gardens， but looks out of place in the garden of a traditional home. 3.—Thank God you’re safe！ —I stepped back，just in time to avoid the racing car. 4.Brown said he was by no means annoyed；on the contrary he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 5.When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men. 【答案】1.for the benefit of 2.out of place 3.in time 4.on the contrary 5.in favour of ◆语法与写作 根据提示翻译下面的句子 1.结果，孩子们对父母变得如此依赖以致于他们没有独立的思想和创造性的观点。(as a consequence) (福建·书面表达) As a consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas. 2.相反，志愿者们迫不及待地想体验在那里的生活，因为他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活。(on the contrary) (广东·基础写作) On the contrary，volunteers couldn’t wait to experience the life there，for they are tired of the life on the earth. 3.除了这些传统的活动外，我们有更宽范围的选择，例如旅游和走亲访友。(in addition to) (辽 宁·书面表达) In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends. 4.以我的观点，人们需要学会接受现实并且要继续尝试。(in my opinion)(北京·开放作文) In my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. 5.总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生当中最自豪的事。(in a word) (浙江·书面 表达) In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life. 高考考点过关检测 一．单句填空 1． Most people work because it's unavoidable.________contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 【答案】：By 【解析】by contrast“相比之下”。句意：大部分人工作是因为它是无法逃避的。而相比之下， 有些人工作是因为的确享受工作。 2． These comments came ________response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 【答案】：in 【解析】in response to“回应”。句意：这些评论出现是为了回应那些当地新闻记者经常问到 的具体问题。 3． This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ________advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 【答案】：in 【解析】in advance 提前。句意：会议室是非吸烟区。我想提前警告你：如果你在这儿吸烟 的话。你会被罚款的。 4． Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ______ the average. 【答案】：above 5． A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform. 【答案】：of 【解析】they all have ________ their school days 为 memory 的定语，可还原成 have a memory of 结构，意为“有......的回忆”。句意：他们对学校生活的共有回忆是校服。拓展：I have a vivid memory of her face.她的容貌栩栩如生地印在我脑海里。 6． Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live ________harmony with nature. 【答案】：in 【解析】in harmony with 与......和谐共处。句意：人的生命被看作是自然界的一部分；就这 点而论，我们要存活下来的唯一方式就是与大自然和谐共处。 7．He reported the case ________ the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city. 【答案】：to 【解析】句意为：他向警察报告了这个事件，然后孤独迷茫地坐在一个陌生的城市里。 report...to...为固定搭配，意为“向......报告......”。 8． Our club is open to everyone regardless______age，sex or educational background. 【答案】：of 【解析】句意为：我们的俱乐部向每个人开放，不管你的年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless of 意为“不管；不顾”，为固定搭配。 9． In addition ______the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support. 【答案】：to 【解析】句意为：除了学校之外，村子里还有一家诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建起来的。 根据下文关键词 also 可知，学校也是政府开办的，故填 to，in addition to 意为“除了......之外 (还)”。 10．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything______ return. 【答案】：in 11． The children dressed ______ long wool coats stopped to look at us. 【答案】：in 【解析】句意为：穿着长羊毛外套的孩子们停下来看着我们。be dressed in 意为“穿着......”， 为固定搭配。 12．The desire for self-improvement has led many Chinese students to pursue educational opportunities ________ physical classrooms. 【答案】：beyond 【解析】句意为：自我完善的愿望促使许多中国学生去追求超越实体课堂教育的机会。beyond 意为“超出......”。 13． With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 【答案】：in 【解析】句意为：由于有了这项新的科技，水下的山谷可以被拍成彩色照片。in color 意为“彩 色的”，符合句意。 14． She works well with those who are superior ________ her in the company. 【答案】：to 【解析】句意为：她与公司那些职务高于她的人相处得很好。be superior to 意为“优于......； 高于......”，为固定短语。 15． ________ the Hong Kong singer's current popularity, she was largely unknown in Chinese mainland before the talent show. 【答案】：Despite 【解析】句意为：虽然这个香港歌手现在很受欢迎，但是在才艺秀之前她在内地还不为人知。 despite 意为“虽然”，符合句意。 16. Apart the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can also cause mountain sickness. 【答案】：from 【解析】句意:除了寒冷以外,空气稀薄和氧含量低也会导致高山病。apart from 除……之外。 17.(2015 福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony nature. 【答案】： with 18.(2015 安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. 【答案】：around 【解析】句意:他们相信交通的发展即将到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。around the corner 即将到来。 19.(2017 河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents changed the climate and probably led the fish into different areas. 【答案】： with 【解析】句意:洋流随着气候变化,并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with 由于,随着。 20. (2017 河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road. 【答案】： to 【解析】be home to...为固定句型,意为“是……的故乡、产地”。 21.(2017 课标全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. 【答案】：from 【解析】此处为常用表达“to and from work”,意为“上下班”。故空格处填介词 from。 22.(2017 课标全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture. 【答案】：in 【解析】a degree in...指的是“……方面的学位”。故空格处填介词 in。 23.(2016 课标全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】： to 【解析】go back to 为动词短语,意为“追溯到”。故空格处填介词 to。 24.(2016 课标全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【答案】：on 25.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia;in India, for example, most people traditionally eat ______their hands. 【答案】： with 【解析】根据空格处的作用和语境可知,此处指的是“用”。故空格处填介词 with。 24. A flood of corrupt officials(贪官)have been punished in China, which shows the government’s determination to fight corruption the end. 【答案】：.against;to 【解析】句意:在中国很多贪官已经被惩罚了,这表明了政府与腐败斗争到底的决心。fight against...to the end 与……斗争到底。 27.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【答案】： at 【解析】at the same time 为介词短语,意为“同时”。故空格处填介词 at。 28.(2015 广东卷)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left. 【答案】：for 【解析】此处为动词短语“exchange...for...”,意为“用……交换……”。故空格处填介词 for。 29.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 【答案】：in 【解析】本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。 “we grow up ”为定语从句,先行词为 the cultures,将先行词代入定语从句后为:We grow up in the cultures.故设空处填介词 in。 30.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃ the average. 【答案】：above 句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温 0.68 摄氏 度。根据语境可知此处表示“在……之上,高于”,所以要用介词 above。 Ⅱ.单句改错 1.(2017 课标全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 【答案】删除第二个 of 【解析】realize 是一个及物动词,后面可直接跟宾语,不需要使用介词。故删除 of。 2.(2016 课标全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 【答案】becoming 前加 of 3.(2016 课标全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college. 【答案】to→for 【解析】此处为动词短语“leave...for...”,意为“离开某地去某地”。故 to 改为 for。 4.While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. 【答案】in→on 【解析】on the top of 为介词短语,意为“在……的顶部”。故 in 改为 on。 5.(2015 课标全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【答案】on→with 【解析】with the development of 为介词短语,意为“随着……的发展”。故 on 改为 with。 6.(2015 课标全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 【答案】on→in 【解析】句意:托尼在商店的橱窗里看到了一个玩具。根据语境可知,介词 on 使用错误,应改 为 in。 7.My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass. 【答案】from→of 【解析】语境指的是教室的三面是由玻璃制作的,此处可以看出原材料,故 from 改为 of。 8.(2017 河南豫南九校质量考评) Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study. 【答案】去掉 with 【解析】share sth.分享某物。本句中 share 为及物动词,故将 with 删除。 9.(2017 江西赣中南五校一模) Hope you reply me soon. 【答案】reply 后加 to 10. (2017 湖北襄阳调研) They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice. 【答案】deal 后加 of 【解析】a great deal of 为固定短语,意为“许多”。 11.(2017 山西晋商四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break. 【答案】In→On 【解析】表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,需用介词 on 而非 in。 12.(2017福建龙岩3月质检) Cellphones make it more convenient for us to search what we need. 【答案】search 后加 for 【解析】search for sth.搜寻/搜索某物。根据本句意思可知需在 search 后加 for。 13.In Saturday afternoon, my friends and I decided to cook some traditional Chinese food. 【答案】In→On 【解析】表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,需用介词 on。 14.Therefore, make the most every second you have with your beloved, for time keeps going, waiting for no one. 【答案】the most 后加 of 【解析】make the most of 为固定短语,意为“充分利用”。 15.In the end, he decided to pay our ice cream. 【答案】pay 后加 for 【解析】pay for sth.为固定短语,意为“为……付款”。 16.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 【答案】listening 后加 to 三．语法填空 A That Beijing，together with Zhangjiakou，succeeded in 1.____________ (get) the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games，speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City.Word came 2.____________ the BeijingZhangjiakou highspeed railway，3. ____________ (locate) in North China，is currently under construction，and 4.____________ (expect) to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.Starting from Beijing North Railway Station，heading west through the Great Wall three times in the capital's territory，the project is a big challenge，5.____________ designers say the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have an impact on the structure. The line has a 6.____________ (long) of 174 km as a doubletracked passenger dedicated line ， with ten stations situated along its route. Having a 7.____________ (totally) investment of 31.17 billion yuan ($5 billion)，the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes，with the train 8.____________ (travel) at an average of 250 km/h. According to the plan ， the highspeed railway will build two branch lines—one is to Yanqing Station and the other 9.____________ Taizicheng of Chongli ， 10.____________ the Olympic village lies. The full railway ， which includes 70kilometer section through Beijing ， will be completed in four and a half years. 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述北京和张家口将在 2022 年联手举办冬奥会，因此一条从 北京到张家口的高速铁路预计将在 2020 年竣工。 1．【解析】：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事，故填 getting。 【答案】：getting 2．【解析】：考查连接词。固定结构：Word came that...消息传来……，此处是 that 引导 的同位语从句，故填 that。 【答案】：that 3．【解析】：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be located in 坐落在……，此处是过去分词作 定语，故填 located。 【答案】：located 4．【解析】：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：北京到张家口的高速铁路预计在 2020 年完 成。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 is expected。 【答案】：is expected 5．【解析】：考查连词。根据句意可知此处表示转折，故填 but。 【答案】：but 6．【解析】：考查名词。此处表示“长度”，故填 long 的名词形式 length。 【答案】：length 7．【解析】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，故填 total。 【答案】：total 8．【解析】：考查非谓语动词。此处是 with 的复合结构，表示主动，故填 travel(l)ing。 【答案】：travel(l)ing 9．【解析】：考查介词。此处表示“到……”，故填 to。 【答案】：to 【答案】：where B Lionel Messi ， __1__player from the South American country Argentina ， is one of the greatest soccer players alive today.At a young age，he __2__ (move) to Spain and now plays __3__ (profession) for the FC Barcelona.Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team __4__ (own) by his father.Even as a young boy，he did very well.But when he was 11 years old，he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much __5__ (tall).There was a way to help him grow more，__6__ his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.So，they looked around for a soccer club __7__ would be able to do this for them.The clubs in Argentina couldn't help him，but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered __8__ (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain.In the FC Barcelona，Messi was one of the best __9__ (play) through his teen years.__10__ his incredible talent，Messi has surprised the world. 本文主要讲述了著名足球运动员 Lionel Messi 的成长故事。 1.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。player 是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定 冠词修饰。 2. 【答案】moved 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“At a young age”可知，此处 表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。 3. 【答案】professionally 【解析】考查词性转换。此处用 professionally 修饰动词 plays。 7. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。that 或 which 引导限定性定语从句，在 从句中作主语，修饰先行词 a soccer club。 8. 【答案】to accept 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是固定用法 offer to do sth，不定式 短语作宾语，符合语境。 9. 【答案】players 【解析】考查词性转换。根据提示 the best 和代词 one 可知，此处应 用名词的复数形式。 10. 【答案】With 【解析】考查介词。此处用 with 表示“具备，有”，其后跟名词、代词 或动名词，符合语境。