专题11阅读填空-2017年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列

专题11阅读填空-2017年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列

专题11 阅读填空 方法与技巧 题型特点 ‎1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。‎ ‎2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。‎ 解题方法 通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。‎ 步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。‎ 在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 为•开门见山”与•结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式—呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为•结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用。‎ 步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。‎ ‎　　文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。‎ ‎　　步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。‎ ‎　　在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。‎ 一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。‎ ‎　　步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。  ‎ ‎　　在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。‎ 步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。‎ ‎ 在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。‎ 体验高考 ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ ‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ ‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for ‎ each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”‎ ‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.-40 D E G.F A ‎37.E考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。‎ ‎38.G考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故G选项内容Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.符合语境。‎ ‎39.F考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.可以起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎40.A考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项It is very hard to break a code without the code book.符合语境。‎ 考点：七选五阅读理解 ‎ ‎【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。如37题和39题只需要利用for example来进行解题。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎●___17 ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest ‎ years.‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories ‎ Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have ‎ ‎【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的的具体建议。‎ ‎16.F 根据前两句提出：你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园？你也可以自己搞一个属于你自己的花园。故F项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文串联。‎ ‎17.A 根据本段前两句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再倒数第二句“然而，有很多能够解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故A项正确。‎ ‎18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 本文属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故A项为本段主题句。‎ ‎ 当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：‎ ‎ 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。‎ ‎ 2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有   某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 ‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ ‎ 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.‎ ‎ There are many common methods used to cook fish.   20   First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.‎ A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16. G ‎17. D ‎18. F ‎19. A ‎20. B ‎17. D考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。‎ ‎18. F考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。‎ ‎19. A考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A 项与后句联系紧密，故选A。‎ ‎20. B考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。‎ 考点：生活类短文阅读 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考七选五解题方法 ‎1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。‎ ‎2.分析句型，了解语法构成 ‎3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。‎ ‎4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都与它们的前一句有联系。‎ ‎5.带入通读，复查 做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做"连错"，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。‎ ‎4.【2016·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The Science of Risk-Seeking ‎ Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ ‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality ‎ of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ ‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 ‎ ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎ 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ ‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71. F72. C73. A74. E75. G ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。‎ ‎71. F考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F项“然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的参考标准来权衡风险和回报”符合语境，故选F。‎ 考点：科研类短文阅读 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ ‎  1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。　‎ ‎2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。    3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。    4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。   5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎18   They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.19    Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20   A．However, women, on average, live longer. B .The biological factor plays an important part. C. Women are also helped by their female genes. D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.‎ ‎【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 20.E ‎18.D根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。‎ ‎19.C根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。‎ ‎20.E根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20小题，Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20  句中的Some --- Others ---，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。‎ 考点：考查信息匹配 ‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1.【河北省廊坊市2017届高三上学期期末】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ When it comes to physical activity, the more you do, the more you can do. 36 However, most of us don’t get the necessary amount, and we’re paying for that in countless physiological and psychological ways. Many of us are ageing faster than we should because of poor diets and exercise habits. 37 . But we don’t have ‎ to accept it. There are many easy and enjoyable ways for those sitting in the office, and the benefits of doing so are enormous. Here are some ways to make exercise your daily habits.‎ ‎1. Start slow ‎ Overdoing it at the beginning is the major reason why people give up. 38 . If it hurts or makes you dizzy, don’t do it.‎ ‎2. Make it a habit ‎ Establish a routine. Keep exercising three to four days a week for a few months. The practice will become second nature---you may even look forward to it.‎ ‎3. Manage expectations The objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago. 39 . You won’t drop 20 kg in a few weeks at the gym---this is a long-term project.‎ ‎4. 40 ‎ ‎ Having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun. There are groups offering almost everything you can imagine, from cycling to hiking and bird watching.‎ A. Consider working with a personal trainer B. Tam up with others C. We’re also getting sick more often and for longer periods D. We knew we need exercise to remain healthy E. Over time the benefits of running will reveal themselves F. You need to imagine the best person you can be right now G. Pay attention to signals your body is sending you ‎【文章大意】文章介绍如何正确地锻炼能对身体有好处。‎ ‎38．G根据下文“If it hurts or makes you dizzy, don’t do it.”可知，这些都是身体发出的信号。故选G。‎ ‎39．F根据上文“The objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago.”目标不是看着镜子，看到20年前的你，接下来应该是：你需要想象你现在能成为最好的人。故选F。‎ ‎40．B根据下文“Having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun.”可知，这段主要介绍要和别人合作。故选B。‎ ‎2.【广东省肇庆市2017届高三第二次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。]‎ It is very common for you to find yourself in an unfamiliar situation. 36 Yes, everyone tells you to stand on your own two feet and take responsibility for your action, but if you haven’t experienced a situation before, how can you know what to do?‎ We usually try our best to do everything on our own and not to rely on others, but at certain times calling for help is the best way forward. You can picture the scene of the man--it is usually a man--driving blindly around an unfamiliar town looking for an address he doesn’t know. 37 And he could get to his appointment on time. It is obvious to everybody in such a case that asking for help is not a sign of weakness, but rather the sensible thing to do.‎ ‎ 38 For example, you are looking for a new job and need to write your resume（简历）. If your pride prevents you from getting help and you just do the writing yourself, it may well cost the opportunity you are seeking. Similarly, when you just ‎ started a new job, you often don’t want to admit that you haven’t got the knowledge to finish a particular task, so you keep going and eventually make things worse than they were. This may lead to a diminishing（贬低）of you in the eyes of the boss. 39 ‎ Now you can see that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but is the sensible and mature thing to do. 40 Making your life easier by asking for and using knowledgeable help is not a sign of weakness, but is actually quite a clever thing to do.‎ A. What’s worse, you are most likely to lose the new job.‎ B. Actually speaking, asking for help is not a sign of weakness.‎ C. There are times when you know you don’t have the relevant experience.‎ D. If only he would stop and ask for directions, he could save lots of time.‎ E. However, many people tend to make mistakes over and over when help is available.‎ F. You will also recognize expert help would save your time, energy and money.‎ G. You can accustom yourself to asking for help sooner or later. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.B ‎37.D ‎38.C ‎39.A ‎40.F ‎37.D 根据上文的looking for an address he doesn’t know.（问路）所以作者在此要抛出一个实际例子来证明他的观点，即帮助路人，可以帮助他省去很多时间，选择D项。‎ ‎38.C 该空位于句首，所以是概整段文章大意的，又根据后面的具体例子，可以推断出概括应该是介绍人们做一些不拿手或不经常做的事情，所以选C。‎ ‎39.A 根据上文的make things worse than they were可以看出如果在某些情况下不想他人寻求帮助，就会搞砸一些事情。该段是在论述不向他人寻求帮助的弊端，所以选择A。‎ ‎40.F 根据后文的Making your life easier（使你的生活跟容易），所以这句是在向别人寻求帮助的时候你能得到的好处，所以答案选择F项。 ‎ ‎3.【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期高考适应性考试月考（四）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题上将该项涂黑。选项中有两个项为多余选项。‎ Hong Kong is not a cheap place, but with a bit of planning and creativity, you can spend an enjoyable day in the city on very little money. Outdoor spaces, street concerts, galleries and markets fill this packed global city; many are open and free of charge. 36 .‎ ‎ 37 A handful of local museums are free of charge on every day, as are the exhibitions at the Hong Kong Film Archive and the Hong Kong Arts Center. The amazing Asia Society Hong Kong Center has excellent exhibitions throughout the year. The charming streets of Sheung Wan are lined with galleries specializing in Chinese antiques. 38 .‎ ‎ 39 ; or bring your own drink to the public level at the International Finance Center and gaze at Victoria Harbor. If in Kowloon, join lovers and photography enthusiasts on the rooftop car park of Harbor City in Tsim Sha for some serious sunsets.‎ Turf and surf ‎ Almost 70% of Hong Kong is officially countryside-rolling hills, country parks, surf-beaten coastlines, all free and within an hour from urban Hong Kong 40 . For those with less time, there are urban parks and gardens where you can take walks along sunbathed paths for sightseeing. Whether it’s dip in the waves or engaging in sun worship, Hong Kong’s beaches offer a free and enjoyable escape from the city, and there are lifeguards. Just bring sunglasses, a picnic and music for a cheap-but-cheerful party.‎ A. Free art is everywhere in Hong Kong B. Hong Kong is a magnificent global city C. Enjoy panoramic island views from the 43rd floor viewing platform in the Bank of China Building D. So if the wallet is feeling a little slim, check out some of our favorite free things to do in Hong Kong E. You can enjoy the scenery by hiking, cycling and picnicking F. Take your time admiring the antiques and learning about them from the owners G. You can also go to free concerts in Wan Chai ‎4.【河北省衡水中学2017届高三上学期七调】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Theme park getaways are popular with families,but they sure aren’t cheap.Happily,there are some golden rules of ticket-buying that apply to pretty much every theme park,and they can help you chip away at the cost of tickets. 36 .‎ ‎●Buy tickets online.‎ Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park. 37 .You're guaranteed to save a significant sum-sometimes as much as $$ 20 per ticket-even for same-day tickets.‎ ‎ ●Buy in advance.‎ ‎ 38 .For instance,Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park,California,slices off $$25 per ticket when you make your purchase at least three days ahead.‎ ‎● 39 .‎ This one is a universal no-brainer.Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in Sandusky,Ohio,are about 30 percent less than admission on Saturdays and Sundays.But the big bonus is that lines will be much shorter,allowing you to spend less time waiting in lines and more time having fun.‎ ‎●Go in the afternoon.‎ ‎ 40 .For example,Hersheypark,s sunset tickets allow entry after 4 pm or 5 pm,depending on the day.You'll still get between four to six hours of fun before the park closes,and you'll pay up to 50 percent less than the full-day ticket price.‎ A.Avoid weekends.‎ B.Buy more tickets than you need.‎ C.Here are some ways to lower your theme park spending.‎ D.At larger parks,you’ll save money when you buy a package.‎ E.Instead,visit the theme park website and print out your tickets before you go.‎ F.Some parks offer deeply discounted tickets for visitors arriving later in the day.‎ G.Most theme parks offer a price cut if you buy tickets at least a few days before you arrive.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.C ‎37.E ‎38.G ‎39.A ‎40.F ‎38.G 根据此段标题Buy in advance.是提前买，故G项符合提前买票的意思，为正确答案。‎ ‎39.A 根据本段前两句This one is a universal no-brainer.Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in Sandusky,Ohio,are about 30 percent less than admission on Saturdays and Sundays.可知工作日很明显比周末更便宜，所以要避免周末去，选A。‎ ‎40.F 根据本段标题Go in the afternoon.可知下午去会更便宜，故F项符合此段大意。‎ ‎5.【河南省豫南九校2017届高三下学期质量考评（五）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 36 However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.‎ ‎ Be clear from the beginning.‎ Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. ___37  It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.‎ ‎____38 ‎ This may seem simple, but it's probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Don't you think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over the line. Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.‎ Be open to change You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. __39   As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable setting things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment.‎ Follow the golden rule.‎ ‎__40  No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.‎ A．Respect your roommate's things B．Let your roommate know about your preferences C．Treat your roommate like you'd like to be treated D．Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing E．Having a roommate surely has its challenges F．You should correct your bad habits first G．And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.E ‎37.B ‎38.A ‎39.G ‎40.C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。‎ ‎36.E it can also be a great part of your college experience”中可以看出，不过，这也可能成为你大学体验中一个很好的部分。也就是前面应该是与这段意思相反的句子。故选E。‎ ‎37.B It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.”可以看出，马上就指责他们是不公平的，而沟通则是最好的消除问题的方式，因此应该首先告诉他们你的喜好。故选B ‎38.A 概括分析题。从第五段中主要是讲室友之间的冲突大多是因为有没有尊重室友，比如你想要借室友的鞋去踢球，但首先你得先征求室友的同意，如果没有，那么就不要拿别人的东西。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 七选五阅读题，有部分题出现在每一段的开始位置，若问题在段首 1.通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关词或者同义词，从而推测出主题句，找到答案。 2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。40.C can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.”可以看出，你可以安心地知道你表现得像一个成年人而且尊重地对待你的舍友。既然你希望自己被尊重，首先应该尊重别人。故选C。‎ 考点：考查信息匹配 ‎6.【内蒙古赤峰二中2017届高三上学期第三次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ For many people, history classes are seen as no more than requirements for getting degrees in chemistry, biology, business, marketing, etc. 16 Below are a few reasons why it’s vital that today’s people continue to learn about the past. ‎ ‎ Understanding where people come from plays a key role in understanding who they are. 17 For this reason, it’s extremely important to learn history in order to understand why people are the way that they are.]‎ ‎ Through history classes, you can experience a shift (改革) in the way you think. 18 It’s important to developing minds to be able to consider problems from different angles. Finally, this shift can improve your ability to analyze and understand situations, to make educated decisions and to learn how to weigh the consequences related to each choice before you. ‎ ‎ 19 The idea that history repeats itself is rooted in truth. From wars to fashion ‎ to political trends, historians are often able to make predictions about the future based upon the past. By having a deep understanding of what happened in the past, today’s people can better prepare for brighter futures by making the right decisions—instead of repeating old mistakes.‎ ‎ Many people may not believe that a degree in history can lead to a well-paying job. In fact, students who graduate with degrees in history can become lawyers, business owners, think tank members, educators, leaders in historical organizations writers and so on. 20 .‎ A. Whichever you take, it can provide a comfortable life.‎ B. Learning about history can change how you think.‎ C. That means you look at things from a new point of view.‎ D. Learning from the past prevents future mistakes.‎ E. The key to enjoying the study of history is to find classes that interest you.‎ F. But the truth is that studying history is a wonderful way to prepare for a successful future.‎ G. History has shaped cultures, attitudes and social structures; it has shaped the world and its citizens.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16.F.‎ ‎17.G ‎18.C ‎19.D ‎20.A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要讲述学习历史或具有历史学位可以给人的生活带来的好处。‎ ‎16.F根据前句history classes are seen as no more than requirements for getting degrees in chemistry, biology, business, marketing, etc.可知历史课重要性和其他科一样，但是后句Below are a few reasons why it’s vital that today’s people continue to learn about the past.可知它很重要，故中间肯定是转折，因此选F。‎ ‎17.G根据后一句it’s extremely important to learn history in order to understand ‎ why people are the way that they are.可知历史的重要作用，帮助人们认识世界，认识自己，故选G。‎ ‎18.C根据前一句Through history classes, you can experience a shift (改革) in the way you think.可知历史有助于你思维方式的改革，也就意味着你用全新的观点看待事物，选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 下面总结一些七选五的解题技巧 ‎1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。‎ ‎2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。‎ ‎3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。‎ ‎4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。‎ ‎5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only...but also，on one hand....on the other ‎ hand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。‎ 考点：考查信息匹配 ‎ ‎7.【贵州省遵义航天高级中学2017届高三第五次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to Win a Debate Competition ‎ Debating doesn’t mean that you can end up arguing with your opponents(对手). 16 The following tips on how to win a debate will further help you out.‎ ‎1. 17 ‎ ‎ This is very important. If you already know the debate topic that you are going to debate on, learn as much about it as you can. Research on it and then form opinions about it. Only if you know something in and out, will you be able to talk convincingly on it.‎ ‎2. Be confident.‎ ‎ When you are putting your point in front of your opponents as well as the audience, be sure of yourself. Along with the words, your body language, voice modulation (语调) and eye contact, will play a major part in your success in debating. 18 ‎ ‎3. Give real life examples.‎ ‎ While debating, make use of very simple language, which your audience can understand very easily. Give as many real examples as you can when making a point. 19 Thus, the judges and audience will find you much more convincing. ‎ ‎4. Be descriptive.‎ ‎ To win any debate, there is something about the human mind that you should be aware of. The thing with us humans is that if we see something, we believe and remember it much more than something we merely hear! 20 Tell you point of view in such a way that they can actually “see” what you are saying. If you are somehow able to pull this off, there is no doubt that you will be the winner of the debate ‎ competition!‎ ‎ Follow the tips mentioned above, and with time, you will see yourself winning over your judges and audience.‎ A. Be well prepared.‎ B. Promote dialogue instead of arguing with your opponents.‎ C. Try to paint a picture in the mind of your judges and audience.]‎ D. So participate in as many debating contests as you can.‎ E. To prove your point, tell something you or someone else has personally experienced.‎ F. So practice with friends or in front of the mirror so that you are certain of your ability.‎ G. Your main purpose is to convince your audience what you are saying is right. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16.G ‎17.A ‎18.F ‎19.E ‎20.C ‎18.F根据本段主题句Be confident.故选F。自己充分准备，训练后才能有信心。‎ ‎19.E根据前文Give as many real examples as you can when making a point. 给出一个观点时尽可能多举例子。可知选E“为了证明你的观点，告诉你或别人亲身经历过的事情”。‎ ‎20.C根据后文Tell you point of view in such a way that they can actually “see”‎ ‎ what you are saying. 用这种方式告诉你观点，他们实际上可以“看到”你要说什么。可知选C“试着在你的评委和观众心目中画一幅画”。‎ ‎【学法指导】‎ 关于小标题的选择 七选五题型空格的设计主要分布在句首、句中、句尾，另一种就是小标题的空格设计。凡是作为标题的句子，一定要短小精悍，概括性强，通常用祈使句。17.A根据后文learn as much about it as you can. 尽可能多的了解它。Research on it and then form opinions about it. 对其进行研究，形成建议。可知选A项“做好充分准备”。‎ 考点：考查信息匹配 ‎8.【云南省师范大学附属中学2017届高考适应性月考（五）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Five Ways to Work Smarter, Not Harder No matter how hard we work, it seems that there is never enough time to get all the important tasks done. Rather than working longer, consider working smarter, not harder. Here are some ways to work smarter:‎ Make a careful plan. Just like every organization needs a business plan, an efficient worker needs a work plan.    36   Schedule your tasks throughout the days, weeks, and months, but do it ahead of time.‎ Set your goals. As a part of your work plan, you should set clear and measurable goals. Goals should state which tasks are to be completed and when they get completed. Rather than setting firm deadlines, which can lead to pressure and stress, allow a period of time to reach goals.   37  ‎ ‎  38    Develop a consistent daily work schedule and stick to it! If a typical workday consists of some writing tasks（emails, reports）, one-on-one meetings, and processing data, set aside specific time each day to accomplish each kind of tasks.‎ Delegate（分派工作）effectively.   39   The person who tries to do everything himself or herself not only is overloaded and overstressed, but is bad for their colleagues, by not allowing them to be challenged and grow by taking on important duties.‎ Don’t make work harder than it actually is. Much of the pressure is produced by ourselves.   __40  We feel like we should do more. Remember that tasks should be completed step by step. Focus on each step rather than on the entire project, which can help us cut down on feelings that we are overwhelmed.‎ A. Stick to your plan.‎ ‎    B. We set unrealistic goals or standards for ourselves.‎ ‎    C. Also, take time to reward yourself for achieving a goal.‎ ‎    D. Organize your workday.‎ ‎    E. We cannot expect to complete the tasks quickly.‎ ‎    F. Learn which tasks can be delegated and which need personal attention.‎ ‎    G. It is a well-thought-out plan to help guide and direct work activities.‎ ‎【答案】GCDFB ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了五个可以让你更加聪明地工作的方法。‎ ‎【解析】36．本段主要是强调计划的重要性，前句提到工作需要计划，那么下句就是关于什么样的计划有用，It is a well-thought-out plan to help guide and direct work activities.符合上文。故选G。‎ ‎9.【四川省广安、遂宁、内江、眉山2017届高三上学期一诊】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ With so many pressures can any of us be truly happy? As we welcome in a coming new year, Rachel Kelly, author of Walking on Sunshine ,suggests small changes to your life can make a big difference to your state of mind.‎ ‎ Slow down ‎ 36 .It's very easy to forget that in the mad world in which we live. Make a ‎ point of setting aside time for a night off and defend space in your diary for doing nothing at all.‎ ‎ Be mindful]‎ ‎ Build a "mindful" activity into your day. It can be any routine activity you perform during the rush of the day ,like hand washing. Slow down and give the task your full attention. 37‎ ‎ 38 ‎ ‎ Perfectionism is a fantasy, but the seeking of it is real and can have damaging consequences. So read just your thinking. If a friendship ,relationship ,work project is 800/0 right, then you're doing well.‎ ‎ Breathe ‎ When things get too much, try the one-finger-on-the-nose breathing trick. Press a finger against one side of your nose. Then just breathe through the other nostril. 39 ,you lower your blood pressure and set off the body's relaxation response.‎ ‎ Exercise ‎ Breaking a sweat, ideally first thing in the morning, releases endorphin（内啡肽）and sets you up for the day. 40 ,so, if you can, start your day right.‎ ‎ A. Redefine failure ‎ B．Follow the 800/0 rule ‎ C. By halving the rate at which you breathe ‎ D. We are human beings, not human doings ‎ E. Lack of exercise can leave you feeling tired]‎ ‎ F. You'll soon start appreciating these small moments of stillness G. It's all about creating the right conditions for your body to feel relaxed and able to sleep ‎38．B根据本段的叙述及“If a friendship ,relationship ,work project is 80% right, then you're doing well.”（如果一份友谊、关系、工作项目的80%是对的，那么你就做得很好了）可知，本段主旨应为“遵循80%的规则”。故选B。‎ ‎39．C根据本段主旨“Breathe”可知，本段主要讲“呼吸”的问题，选项中的breathe与本段主旨相符。故选C。‎ ‎40．E根据本段主旨“Exercise”可知，本段主要讲“锻炼”的问题，选项中的exercise与本段主旨相符。故选E。‎ ‎10.【安徽省“皖南八校”2017届高三第二次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ How to prepare for exam?‎ ‎ Here are some tips you can read with your child.‎ ‎ The first step in preparing for examination is to set a fixed time each day to study and a schedule to say when to start the revision and for which subject. The plan should include how many chapters to revise and how many worksheets to work on. 36 . Parents who do not know the examination time schedule can search 'exam timetable' to see the official examination schedule. 37 .‎ ‎ The second thing is to decide on the place to study. Some need total silence in a library before they can concentrate while others like to have some background music like in the cafeteria. 38 . So there is no need to tell your child to change the study place if he is producing the desired results.‎ ‎ 39 . For lessons, pupils must participate in lessons and discussions actively. For exercise, work on the simple ones in the textbook. For theory, pupils can use the mind map method to summarize the facts.‎ ‎ At last, study smart. Focus on chapters that are the core of the subject or difficult chapters. 40 。‎ ‎ A. Next the most effective way to revise is to use an active approach.‎ ‎ B. Making good preparations counts.‎ ‎ C. Mind map can help you a lot in your revision work.‎ ‎ D. Your child has to be self-disciplined to follow the plan.‎ ‎ E. It is not necessary to simply read from first to last page.‎ ‎ F. The best time to start revision is one or two months before the examination.‎ G. Both are alright as long as your child is comfortable with it.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.D ‎37.F ‎38.G ‎39.A ‎40.F ‎38.G根据前一句Some need total silence in a library before they can concentrate while others like to have some background music like in the cafeteria.提到的两个复习地点可知G项中的both符合此处句意，故选G。‎ ‎39.A根据后一句For lessons, pupils must participate in lessons and discussions actively可知复习最有效的方法是要积极，选A。‎ ‎40.E根据前一句Focus on chapters that are the core of the subject or difficult chapters.要集中精力于那些核心章节，没有必要从第一页看到最后一页，故选E。‎