2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars学案设计 单元核心词汇记忆 ‎　　Isaac Newton，an English physicist，discovered gravity.Based on his theory，astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of Uranus(天王星)．Uranus，having 27 known natural satellites，is visible to the naked eye.It's the third largest planet in terms of size in the Solar System，with its mass roughly 14.5 times that of Earth.It's much closer to the sun，but this does not prevent it from being the coldest，because unlike the other planets，Uranus gives off less heat than it absorbs from the sun.Its climate also seems less violent.Traces of carbon dioxide，oxygen and hydrogen have been confirmed in its atmosphere.‎ 默写识记 ‎◆默写单词 ‎1．system n． 系统；体系；制度 ‎2．physicist n. 物理学家 ‎3．theory n. 学说；理论 ‎4．violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 ‎5．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎6．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像 ‎7．exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎8．harmful adj. 有害的 ‎9．puzzle n. 谜；难题 v. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎10．climate n. 气候 ‎11．float v. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 ‎◆记住词义 ‎1．astronomy n. 天文学 ‎2．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰 ‎3．atom n. 原子 ‎4．globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球 ‎5．dioxide n. 二氧化物 ‎6．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎7．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎8．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链 ‎9．multiply v. 乘；增加 ‎10．biology n. 生物学 ‎11．gravity n. 万有引力；重力 ‎12．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星 ‎13．crash v. 碰撞；坠落 ‎◆写出短语 ‎1．give birth to 产生；分娩 ‎2．in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎3．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎4．break out 突发；爆发 ‎5．watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎6．block out 挡住(光线)‎ ‎7．far from 离……很远；根本不是 ‎8．now that 既然 联想拓展 名词后缀ist ‎1．novelist 小说家 ‎2．receptionist 接待员 ‎3．tourist 旅行者，观光者 ‎4．journalist 记者，新闻工作者 短语串记 ‎1．reach out for 伸手去拿 ‎2．try out for 参加……选拔 ‎3．make up for 补偿；弥补 ‎－－－－－－－－－－－‎ ‎4．in time 及时；终于 ‎5．in no time 立刻；马上 ‎6．at a time 每次；一次 ‎7．at one time 曾经；一度 ‎8．at times 有时候；不时地 ‎－－－－－－－－－－－‎ ‎9．break up 打碎；拆散；分裂 ‎10．break down 坏掉；破裂；崩溃 ‎11．break into 破门而入；突然……起来 ‎12．break in 破门而入；打断 ‎13．break through 突破 ‎－－－－－－－－－－－‎ ‎14．in turn 依次；轮流；反过来 ‎15．by turns 轮流；交替地 ‎16．take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 ‎17．It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ‎－－－－－－－－－－－‎ ‎18．to begin with 首先 ‎19．to conclude 最后 ‎20．to sum up 总之 经典例句 ‎①The cashiers were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.出纳员接到要求，要注意伪钞。‎ ‎②He should have tried out for the Olympic 100metre squad.　他本该参加奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。‎ ‎③Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience.她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。‎ ‎④We had to go and see the principal one at a time.我们得逐一去见校长。‎ ‎⑤I was in a nightclub in Brixton and a fight broke out.　当时我在布里克斯顿的一家夜总会里，那里发生了一场斗殴。‎ ‎⑥Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判失败了。‎ ‎⑦As the President's car drew up，the crowd broke into loud applause.总统的座驾停下时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。‎ ‎⑧The children called out their names in turn.孩子们逐一自报姓名。‎ 词汇异空间——派生词汇 原词 词义 派生词 词义 system n．‎ 系统；体系；制度 systematic adj.‎ ‎1.系统的；有条理的 exist vi.‎ 存在；生存 existence n.‎ ‎2.存在；生存 theory n．‎ 学说；理论 theoretical adj.‎ ‎3.理论上的 religion n．‎ 宗教；宗教信仰 religious adj.‎ ‎4.宗教的；虔诚的 gentle adj.‎ 温和的；文雅的 gently adv.‎ ‎5.温柔地；温和地 violent adj.‎ 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violence n．‎ ‎6.暴力；暴力行为 harm n．& vt.‎ 伤害；损害；危害 harmful adj.‎ harmless adj.‎ ‎7.有害的 ‎8．无害的 Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ The 1.existence (exist) of terrorism lets the world not be stable.Terrorist activities，many of which are linked to 2.religious (religion) extremism，have resulted in a global disaster.They not only bring threat to the safety of humans but have 3.harmful (harm) effect on economic growth.Many people are forced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 4.violence (violent)．All governments are paying great attention to this issue，but to stop terrorism is indeed a ‎ ‎5.systematic (system) project，which requires effort，wisdom and cooperation.‎ ‎ 【导学号：11470053】‎ Ⅱ.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1．In conclusion，more theoretical (theory) and experimental research must be conducted.‎ ‎2．The mother patted her child gently (gentle) on the back，trying to calm him down.‎ 词法新图谱——核心词汇 ‎●灵活多变的动词 词汇 词性 意义 现在分词 过去分词 exist vi.‎ 存在；生存 existing existed puzzle v.‎ ‎(使)迷惑；(使)为难 puzzling puzzled pull n.& vt.‎ 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 pulling pulled multiply v.‎ 乘；增加 multiplying multiplied crash v.‎ 碰撞；坠落 crashing crashed float v.‎ ‎(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 floating floated Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ The river is being polluted with many factories 1.existing (exist) on both of its sides.Dead fish have been found 2.floating (float) on the ‎ surface of the water.Unknown bacteria 3.are multiplying (multiply) fast along the river，which might be a potential risk to people's health.However，what 4.puzzles (puzzle) the local government is how to deal with the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.They want to take action 5.to pull (pull) down some of the factories，but they fear that this may cause the local economy 6.to crash (crash) and then bring impacts on employment.‎ Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错 One of the existed problems for astronauts living in space is how to eat and drink.The problem has long been puzzled scientists.Eating in space is different from eating on Earth.We know pull or pushing a plate or a cup slightly will send them to floating away because there is no gravity.If they crashed into the delicate equipment，terrible things will happen.Scientists will multiply on their efforts to have the problems settled as soon as possible.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ One of the problems for astronauts living in space is how to eat and drink.The problem has long been scientists.Eating in space is different from eating on Earth.We know or pushing a plate or a cup slightly will send them floating away because there is no gravity.If they into the delicate equipment，terrible things will happen.Scientists will multiply their efforts to have the problems settled as soon as possible. 【导学号：11470054】‎ ‎①exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式。常构成下列短语或句型：exist in“存在于……之中”；exist on“靠……为生”；there exists/existed...“某地有……；存在……”。existing可作定语，意为“现存的；现有的；目前的”。‎ ‎②multiply可作“乘；增加；加倍；繁殖”解。multiply...by...“用……乘以……”。‎ ‎③puzzle sb.“使某人困惑/为难”；puzzle over/about sth.“苦苦思索/仔细琢磨……”。‎ ‎④send sb./sth.floating away “使某人/物漂走”，send可作“使；让”解，其主语通常是表示动作的名词。‎ ‎⑤crash into...“撞到……上”；crash除了作“碰撞；坠毁”解之外，还可作“(经济、股市等)崩溃”解。‎ ‎⑥pull down“拆毁；摧毁”；pull away“(汽车等)开走；离开”；pull in“(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠”。‎ ‎●相依为命的词搭配 搭配 例释、联想、拓展 动介 prevent ...from　阻止；制止 watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 stop...from...制止……；keep...(back) from...阻止……；discourage...from...阻止……；hold...back from...阻止……‎ 动副 cheer up　感到高兴；感到振奋 break out 突发；爆发 block out 挡住(光线)‎ break away from脱离/挣脱……；break down出故障；失败；垮掉；break in插话；break into破门而入；break up打碎；结束 形介 be harmful to ...　对……有害 do/cause harm to sb.＝do/cause sb.harm对某人有害 介名 in time　　　及时；终于 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 on time按时；over time随着时间的推移；久而久之 Our efforts will pay off in time.‎ 我们的努力迟早会有所回报。‎ Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(填入一个适当的词)‎ A conflict broke 1.out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers 2.from sending waste water into their field.The villagers had been watching out 3.for the waste water for some time.They found it was very harmful 4.to their health as well as their crops.Officials came just 5.in time to stop the situation getting worse.They managed to block 6.out the anger of the villagers，promising to punish the factory for what they had done.On hearing this，the villagers cheered 7.up and the conflict ended finally.‎ Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错 Last night，a fire broke up in my neighborhood.Luckily，firefighters came just in times to prevent the fire from spread.They sprayed a kind of foam(泡沫) on the fire to block away the air.When the fire was finally put out，the crowd cheered on.But the firefighters warned us to watch out with any electric spark(火花)，which might cause another terrible fire.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ Last night，a fire broke in my neighborhood.Luckily，firefighters came just in to prevent the fire from .They sprayed a ‎ kind of foam(泡沫) on the fire to block the air.When the fire was finally put out，the crowd cheered .But the firefighters warned us to watch out any electric spark(火花)，which might cause another terrible fire.‎ 句法新天地——重点句型 twice as far as...‎ ‎[教材原句]　But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ twice as far as...是一种倍数的表达方法，意为“是……的两倍远”；常用的倍数表达形式有：‎ A．..倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B A．..倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B A．..倍数＋the＋size/weight/length...＋of B A．..倍数＋what从句。‎ ‎→A new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as the earth.‎ ‎→A new planet discovered recently is almost three times bigger than the earth.‎ ‎→A new planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of the earth.‎ 最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。‎ The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.‎ 目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。‎ make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.‎ ‎[教材原句]　This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。‎ 在“make it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.”句型中，it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式短语，形容词或名词为宾语补足语；该句型中的不定式短语可以换成that从句。‎ Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.‎ Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively.‎ 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ 即时演练 Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空 The development of science makes 1.it possible for us to visit the moon.But you will find it difficult 2.to stay (stay) in place there.The earth is 49 times 3.the size of the moon.As a result，the gravity of the earth is about six times as great 4.as that of the moon.When we get closer to the moon，we will feel its gravity pulling us，but it is not as strong 5.a pull as the earth's.So it is not easy to keep our balance and we may easily float into the air.Now 6.that we can't solve the problem at present，we may as well stay on the earth 7.engaging (engage) ourselves in scientific research. ‎ ‎【导学号：11470055】‎ Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错 At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times size of Great Britain.Its population is now twice that it was 50 years ago.Nigeria is abundant in oil，which makes possible to become Africa's No.1 economy.Chinese people are pouring into this country.The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times large as it used to be.Now when you have got a chance to visit it，why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?‎ ‎【答案】　‎ At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times size of Great Britain.Its population is now twice it was 50 years ago.Nigeria is abundant in oil，which makes possible to become Africa's No.1 economy.Chinese people are pouring into this country.The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times large as it used to be.Now you have got a chance to visit it，why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?‎ 冷知识详单——查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单句填空 ‎1．It was difficult to guess what her reaction to the news would be.‎ ‎2．He said his cock laid (lay) an egg yesterday but it was eaten by his cat.‎ ‎3．Now that spring is here，we can expect milder weather.‎ ‎4．It's generally accepted (accept) that men like playing football more than women.‎ ‎5．The art show was far from being (be) a failure；it was a great success.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The girl seemed not to understand and looked at me with a puzzling expression.‎ puzzling→puzzled ‎2．After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，being exhausted.‎ 去掉being ‎3．His car crashed into a tree last night and he got close to be killed in the accident.‎ be→being ‎4．In a room above the store，where a party to be held，some workers were busily setting the table.‎ party后加was ‎5．China's Changzheng5 rocket was successfully launched，thus again proved China is a world major space power.‎ proved→proving Ⅲ.[原创]语境改错 Boundary conflicts had become increasingly fierce，thus made the two countries get close to go to war.The United Nations took a committed diplomatic effort and an agreement was reached just before the war is to start.Reaction to this agreement was mixed，but that was widely accepted ‎ that it was far away from being a bad decision for both countries.After all，a bloodshed (流血冲突) was avoided.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ Boundary conflicts had become increasingly fierce，thus the two countries get close to to war.The United Nations took a committed diplomatic effort and an agreement was reached just before the war to start.Reaction to this agreement was mixed，but was widely accepted that it was far from being a bad decision for both countries.After all，a bloodshed (流血冲突) was avoided. 【导学号：11470056】‎ ‎①reaction一般与介词to搭配，意为“对……反应”。其动词短语为react to“对……作出反应”。‎ ‎②lay an egg “下蛋”，lay是及物动词，意为“产；放下；放置”，其过去式和过去分词为laid，laid。‎ ‎③now that是连词短语，意为“既然”，用于引出原因状语从句。‎ ‎④it is generally/widely accepted that...是固定句型，意为“普遍认为；大家公认”。‎ ‎⑤far from可作“远不；根本不”解，后接“(being)＋adj./n.”。‎ ‎⑥a puzzled expression/look“困惑的表情/眼神”。类似表达有：a surprised expression/look“惊奇的表情/眼神”；a frightened voice“害怕的嗓音”。‎ ‎⑦过去分词可作伴随状语，如：He rushed in，very frightened.意为“他冲了进来，吓坏了”。‎ ‎⑧get close to “接近；差点就……”，to是介词，后可接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎⑨was/were to do sth.一般表示过去将来，也可表示“后来做了某事”。‎ ‎⑩thus doing sth.一般在句中作结果状语，意为“所以/因此……”。‎ 微写作链接——知识运用 ‎[写作提示]‎ 我们能成功登上火星吗？那取决于(depend on)科技的发展。到目前为止，我们还无法到达火星那样遥远(as far as)的地方。我们知道火星上没有(exist)氧气，温度早晚变化很大，这阻止(prevent)我们在那里生活。但是我们迟早(in time)会走近(get close to)火星，那时我们要带上很多东西，比如氧气、食物和水。既然(now that)现在还不能，我们还是努力提高科技水平吧！‎ 洋话连篇　作文就是这么简单！！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[规避错误]‎ 下面是李明的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。‎ ‎【答案】　第一句：successful→successfully　第二句：go→gone　第三句：exist→exists　第四句：prevent→preventing　第六句：need后加to