专题15 热点话题（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题15 热点话题（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题15 热点话题 模拟训练 Passage 1（2017届吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三模拟）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 共享单车 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Recent months have seen a revival of the humble(普通的)bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing pedaling(骑车)instead of driving to school, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing systems, services in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals who do not own them and pioneered by start-ups like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.‎ Washington D. C. has one of the biggest bike sharing systems in the US with 3, 700 bikes and 440 stations. The UK, France and Germany all have growing programs. However, China, so far, outdoes(超过)them all by operating three out of four of the world’s shard bikes.‎ People can unlock the shard bikes by simply using their smartphone. The bikes are equipped with GPS and users of China’s versions can leave bikes anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem, which refers to the final leg of a person’s journey.‎ However, the Chinese programs have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破坏)and theft. In fact, these problems are also shared by bike-sharing programs abroad. Launched in 2007, Véilb is a large-scale public bike sharing system in Paris. At its early stage of operation, it also suffered from problems of vandalism or theft. By Oct 2009, a large number of Vélib’s initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft, according to The New York Times.‎ To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point ‎ credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0. 5-1 yuan.‎ ‎1.What can we learn about bike sharing systems?‎ A. They offer free bike rides.‎ B. They are running perfectly.‎ C. China operates the biggest system.‎ D. France was the first to launch the system.‎ ‎2.As a means of transportation, bike-sharing can be best described as _______.‎ A. promising but expensive. ‎ B. convenient and eco-friendly.‎ C. eco-friendly but ineffective. ‎ D. troublesome and meaningless.‎ ‎3.What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Shared Bikes Pedal into Style.‎ B. Problems with Bikes in China.‎ C. Shared Bikes Attract Young People.‎ D. Transportation Changes with the Times.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，并介绍了它的优缺点。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知共享单车方便而且环保，故选B。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，与A项一致，故选A。‎ Passage 2（2017届四川省双流中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 无人驾驶的汽车和机器人等 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We’re doomed! Doomed! Now that I’ve gotten that out of my system, it’s become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government’s new guidelines for self-driving cars.‎ Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.‎ Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.‎ Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?‎ But there’s a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.‎ The question is, where can’t a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs? A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?‎ Finally, it’s only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.‎ Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?‎ A. Tired B. Cautious ‎ C. Careful D. Anxious ‎2.What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?‎ A. How passengers behave in it.‎ B. How robot drivers get the license C. How they avoid crashing into other car D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street ‎3.The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s       .‎ A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs ‎4.What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ A. Robots will control the world in every field B. Robots are coming but not soon enough C. Robots are being used in our daily life D. Robots can drive cars and write music ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述无人驾驶的汽车和机器人等现代科学技术，从而联想到未来机器人将会代替人类做好一切，并发表了自己的观点。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文提到的“less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving”可推断，画线词agitated也是用来说明机器人司机比之于人类的优势，根据常理推断机器人司机不会像人类一样在连环相撞的现场感到焦虑，所以画线词词义与anxious意义相近。故选D。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据上一段最后一句Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.可推断，第六段作者用问句讲述机器人将要接管人类。由前文对于机器人谱曲写歌的描述：机器人可以很快完成每一个音符的组合，谱写出令人愉悦的旋律可推断最后的问句“在未来获得格莱美奖的歌曲是Hank Human和机器人R-3071合作的吗？”是以问句的形式表明作者相信机器人未来会赢得格莱美奖。故选A。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段首句Oh my God, the robots are taking over!和最后一段Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.可推断，文章主要讲述机器人时代将要来临但是还没有到来，因此推断B项“机器人将要来到但还不足够快”为最佳标题。故选B。‎ Passage 3（2017届江苏省四校高三联考）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 ‎ 能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量采集产品 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎8分钟 Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.‎ ‎“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.‎ ‎“It’s huge，” said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, “if they are all battery-powered, we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium(锂）in the world,” he added. “So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”‎ Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.‎ In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.‎ Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.‎ A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs.    Research firm lDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.‎ Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them，according to a Columbia University ‎ study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.‎ It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.‎ ‎1.Which “explode” in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the word “explode” in  Paragraph 2?‎ A. They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.‎ B. The continued tension could explode into more violence.‎ C. The population exploded to 40,000 during the last tourist season.‎ D. The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.‎ ‎2.What makes “energy harvesting” necessary according to the passage?‎ A. The waste of lithium in the world.‎ B. The increasing number of electronic devices.‎ C. The development of technology.‎ D. The pollution caused by batteries.‎ ‎3.It can be learned from the passage that ____.‎ A. energy-harvesting products save money in the long run B. taller people can surely produce a larger amount of power C. automatic watches harvest energy from the users’ body heat D. two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage ‎4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Energy harvesting: a low-risk technology B. Energy harvesting: a high-profit technology C. Energy harvesting: a problem-free technology D. Energy harvesting: an environment-friendly technology ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量采集产品，而且还有利于环保。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】根据第二段中的“’ Energy harvesting’ promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat.”可知，能量收集为无数的电子设备提供能量，正是电子设备数量的激增使能量收集成为必要，故B项正确。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“ IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.”可知，从长远来看，能量采集产品会节省很大一笔钱，故A项正确。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量采集产品，而且还有利于环保，故D项正确。‎ Passage 4（2017届浙江省杭州地区高三四校联考）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ 说明文 ‎ 介绍纽约建立自行车分享项目 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 New York’s long awaited bike share program, which arranged the distribution of 10,000 bicycles along some of the city’s busiest street, will be sponsored by Citi financial group, Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced on Monday.‎ Citi Bike will be the largest public bike share system in the US, with bikes placed in 600 stations in Manhattan and Brooklyn. The program will be operated by Alta bicycle share, which runs similar projects in Washington D.C. and Boston.‎ ‎“The idea behind bike share is simple: give people one more way to get around the town,” Bloomberg said in a restaurant. “The new Citi Bikes will be an affordable transportation network that will help New Yorkers get where they’re going faster. When the walk seems a little far, New Yorkers can choose to skip the hike, and take a bike.”‎ The program was announced in September 2011, and the department of transport has spent the last eight months planning locations for the stations. Full details on the locations have not been released yet, but they will include Times Square, Penn Station and close to Central Park.‎ Annual membership of the program will cost $95, which entitles (授权) users to free journeys up to 45 minutes. For those unwilling to commit to a year’s cycling, seven-day subscriptions are available for $25 or 24-hour access for $9.95, with the first 30 minutes of any journey free. The official website for the program – citibikenyc.com – says the pricing strategy is likely to ensure that riders keep their trips short. Although short journeys are free, anyone wanting to take a bike for the day will face very high charges. People who do not sign up to an annual membership – tourists, for example, would pay $49 for a three-hour ride, plus the $9.95 24-hour access fee, making a total of $59.‎ The department of transport said the bikes and stations, which will begin to be fixed from “late July”, will be the same as in London, Montreal and Minneapolis; however, in one sense Bloomberg will be hoping the New York program differs from that of London. While the London program has ended up losing money since it launched in 2010, the mayor said New York City would “split system profits with the operator”, creating a potential new income program.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, the main purpose of setting up New York’s bike share system is to ________.‎ A. make profits from the bike users B. discourage people from going hiking C. reduce people’s expenses on transportation D. help people travel around the city more easily ‎2.According to the passage, which of the following locations is NOT available for the Citi Bike service?‎ A .Central Park B. Time Square C. Brooklyn Botanic Garden D. Penn Station ‎3.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?‎ A. It is wise of people to use the bikes for short trips.‎ B. Anyone can use the bike free of charge for 45 minutes.‎ C. Most people are unwilling to pay for the annual membership.‎ D. Tourists are charged more for the use of bikes than local people.‎ ‎4.In what sense does Bloomberg hope the New York program differs from that of London?‎ A. Better accepted. B. Better operated. ‎ C. More profitable. D. More widespread.‎ ‎【话题解读】文章介绍纽约建立自行车分享项目，为了让人们更容易地在城市旅游。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子“The new Citi Bikes will be an affordable transportation network that will help New Yorkers get where they’re going faster.”可知，建立纽约自行车共享项目的是帮助人们更容易地在城市旅游。故选D。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段的句子“The official website for the program – citibikenyc.com – says the pricing strategy is likely to ensure that riders keep their trips short.”可知，人们使用自行车短途旅行是明智的。故选A。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“While the London program has ended up losing money since it launched in 2010, the mayor said New York City would “split system profits with the operator”, creating a potential new income program.”可知，Bloomberg希望纽约的项目和伦敦的项目不同的是它可以盈利。故选C。‎