2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language CHEMICAL① OR ORGANIC② FARMING?‎ Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers③ has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production④. Recently, however, scientists have been finding⑤ that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.‎ What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers⑥？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria⑦ and pests⑧ as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up⑨ in people’s bodies over time⑩. Many of these chemicals can lead to⑪ cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers⑫ usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition⑬. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals⑭.‎ ‎①chemical/’kemIkl/adj.化学的；关于化学的 ‎②organic/ɔː’ɡænIk/adj.有机的；器官的；组织的 organic farming 有机耕作 ‎③fertilizer/’fɜːtIlaIzə/n.肥料；化肥 chemical fertilizer 化肥 ‎“over the past＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语using chemical fertilizers作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎④production/prə’dʌkʃn/n.生产；制造 to stop ... production为不定式短语作way的定语。‎ ‎⑤have been finding是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。‎ ‎⑥过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。‎ ‎⑦bacteria/bæk’tIərIə/n.(bacterium/bæk’tIərIəm/的复数形式)细菌 ‎⑧pest/pest/n.害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎⑨build up逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎⑩over time 随着时间的推移 ‎⑪lead to(＋n./pron.)导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎⑫过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语。‎ ‎⑬nutrition/njuː’trIʃn/n.营养；滋养；食物 ‎⑭mineral/’mInərəl/n.矿物；矿石 化学耕作还是有机耕作？‎ ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。‎ With these discoveries⑮， some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on⑯ keeping their soil⑰ rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces⑱ disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in⑲ minerals and so more fertile⑳. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.‎ Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas of soybeans put important ‎ minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.‎ ‎⑮discovery/dI’skʌvərI/n.发现；发觉 ‎⑯focus on(＝concentrate on)集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎⑰soil/sɔIl/n.土壤 ‎⑱reduce/rI’djuːs/vt.减少；减缩 ‎⑲be rich in富含……；……的含量高 ‎(反)be poor/low in ……的含量低；缺乏……‎ ‎⑳fertile/’fɜːtaIl/adj.肥沃的；富饶的 keep ...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ 动词不定式短语to keep the soil fertile作目的状语；keep是使役动词，这是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ 现在分词短语growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans作状语。‎ soybean/’sɔIbiːn/n.(＝soyabean)大豆 现在分词短语making it ready for crops ...作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果，这里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。‎ 现在分词短语planting ...作状语；两个that都引导定语从句，分别修饰peanuts和vegetables。‎ root/ruːt/n.根；根源 动词不定式短语to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health说明goal的内容。‎ avoid doing sth.避免做某事 ‎[第3～4段译文]　　‎ 由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民经常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作的农民喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境或者人们的健康。‎ Step 1　Read the text quickly and then match each paragraph with its main idea.‎ ‎1．Para. ‎1　‎A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.‎ ‎2．Para. 2 　B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming ‎3．Para. ‎3　‎C．Long term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people’s health.‎ ‎4．Para. 4　D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.‎ 答案：1～4　CABD Step 2　True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．Organic farmers prefer using natural waste from animals and chemical fertilizers.(　　)‎ ‎2．Using natural waste makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.(　　)‎ ‎3．Using organic farming methods is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.(　　)‎ ‎4．Using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming over the past half century.(　　)‎ ‎5．Chemical fertilizers only kill harmful bacteria and pests.(　　)‎ 答案：1～5　FTTTF Step 3　Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________.‎ A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers B．grow crops with natural fertilizers C．produce organic fertilizers D．care for the environment ‎2．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________.‎ A．it’s not good to plant grass between crops B．peanuts use the surface of soil C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil ‎3．Farmers ________ so that the soil may not get exhausted.‎ A．grow the same crops year after year B．use natural fertilizers C．change crops every few years D．use chemical fertilizers ‎4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?‎ A．3.　　　　　　　　　 　B．4.‎ C．5. D．6.‎ 答案：1～4　BBCB 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1．bacteria n．　　　　　　　细菌 ‎2．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎3．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎4．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎5．soil n. 土壤 ‎6．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎7．root n. 根；根源 ‎8．skim vt. 浏览；略读 ‎9．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎10．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 ‎1.pest n．害虫 ‎[记法]　拍死它(pest汉语谐音)→害虫 ‎[联想]　动物“四害”‎ ‎①mouse　　老鼠　　②cockroach　　蟑螂 ‎③fly 苍蝇 ④mosquito 蚊子 ‎2．reduce vt.减少 ‎[记法]　re(回)＋duc(引)→向后引→退缩→缩减 ‎[词块]　①reduce the speed　　　　　减速 ‎②reduce air pollution 减少空气污染 ‎③reduce sharply 锐减 ‎④reduce greatly 大大减少 ‎[同义]　 decrease v. 减少 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n．困惑；混乱 ‎2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的→regretfully adv.遗憾地；痛惜地 ‎3．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学 ‎4．mineral n．矿物；矿石→mine n．矿；矿山 ‎5．production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产；制造→producer n．生产者；制片人 ‎6．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现→discoverer n．发现者 ‎7．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结；概括 ‎[反义]　 increase v. 提高 ‎3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 ‎[近义]　①puzzle v. 迷惑 ‎②mix v. 混合 ‎[反义]　clarify v. 澄清 ‎4．summary n．总结；摘要 ‎[记法]　summ(总记)＋ary(名词后缀)→总结 ‎[词块]　①a news summary 新闻摘要 ‎②in summary 总的看来 ‎[联想]　①digest n. 摘要 ‎②survey n. 调查 ‎③outline n. 大纲，概要 ‎④review n. 评论 ‎5．“v.＋y”构成的名词 ‎①discovery 发现 ‎②delivery 递送 ‎③treaty 条约 ‎④robbery 抢劫，盗窃 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.cause_damage_to　　　　给……造成损害 ‎2．wash_off 将……洗掉；洗净 ‎3．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎4．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ ‎5．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎6．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎7．in_addition 另外 ‎8．turn_to 转向；向……求助 ‎ ‎9．every_few_years 每(隔)几年 ‎1.confuse the students　　　　让学生迷惑 ‎2．scientific methods of farming 科学的耕作方法 ‎3．over the past half century 在过去的半个世纪里 ‎4．chemical fertilizers 化学肥料 ‎5．organic farming 有机耕作 ‎6．keep their soil rich and free of disease ‎ 让土壤肥沃并免受病害 ‎7．help crops grow strong and healthy ‎ 有助于农作物茁壮成长 ‎8．prevent wind or water from carrying away ‎ the soil ‎ ‎ 防止水土流失 ‎9．avoid damaging the environment or people’s health ‎ 避免损害环境或人们的健康 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.‎ 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ have been finding为现在完成进行时。‎ The Grade Two classes have_been_observing the plants around the school and finding the animals that live there.‎ 二年级各班在学校周边观察植物和寻找小动物。‎ ‎2.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.‎ 另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。‎ too ... to ...‎ ‎“太……而不能……”。‎ He is too_young_to_understand your words.‎ 他太年轻，不能理解你的话。‎ ‎3.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.‎ 句中making ...为现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ In this year, a lowbudget film swept over the country, making it a “Myth” in the movie industry.‎ 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。‎ 这一年，一部低成本电影出人意料地轰动全国，成为一个电影产业的“神话”。‎ ‎1．(教材P13)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.‎ 把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。‎ confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 ‎(1)confuse A with/and B　 把A与B混淆 ‎(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的 be confused about ... 对……感到困惑 ‎(3)confusing adj.　　　 (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的 ‎①Mr Wang asked so many difficult questions that I was confused.‎ 王先生问了如此多难题，以至于我感到很迷惑。‎ ‎②Don’t confuse the word “weather” with “whether”．‎ 不要把weather和whether这两个单词弄混了。‎ ‎③The instructions are so confusing that I am totally confused. (confuse)‎ 说明书太令人费解了，我完全糊涂了。‎ ‎2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔 ‎(1)regret doing/having done sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 后悔做过某事(已经做了)‎ regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事(还没有做)‎ regret that ... 对……感到遗憾/后悔 ‎(2)(much) to one’s regret (很)可惜的是 with regret 遗憾地 express regret at/about/for ‎ 对……表示遗憾 ‎①I don’t regret telling/having told her what I thought.‎ 我不会因为告诉了她我的想法而后悔。‎ ‎②I regret_to_tell you that you have failed again in the examination.‎ 很抱歉地告诉你，这次考试你又没考及格。‎ ‎③We regret_that we are unable to reconsider your case.‎ 我们很遗憾无法重新考虑你的情况。‎ ‎[语境串记]　I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed. Much to my regret, she said to me, “I have no regret. I only regret having taken the wrong job.”‎ 我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了，让我深感遗憾的是，她对我说：“我没有任何遗憾，我只是后悔选错了工作。”‎ ‎3．(教材P14)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.‎ 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。‎ build up逐渐增加；建立；开发 build (oneself) up to sth.　　　 为……做准备 build oneself up 增强体质 build up a fame 建立名声 build up one’s health/body 增进健康 build ... on 把……作为基础 ‎①Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.‎ 他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。‎ ‎②Taking exercise helps us build_up_our_body and keep a clear mind.‎ 锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。‎ ‎③We built_up this business after ten year’s struggle.‎ 经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。‎ ‎4．(教材P14)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.‎ 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。‎ lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向 ‎(1)lead sb. to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 lead sb. into ... 领着某人进入……‎ lead sb. to ... 引导某人去……(地方)‎ ‎(2)take the lead 带头；居首位 in/have the lead 领先 ‎①Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.‎ 过多的工作和过少的休息常会引起疾病。‎ ‎②The receptionist led_the_way_to the meeting room.‎ 接待员引路来到了会议室。‎ ‎③What was it that led_you_to say that?‎ 是什么导致你那样说的？‎ ‎[语境串记]　He led the way, and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people led a happy life.‎ 他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。‎ ‎[名师点津]　表示“导致”的常用表达还有：‎ cause, result in, contribute to, bring about。‎ ‎5．(教材P14)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.‎ 他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。‎ focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎(1)focus one’s attention/thoughts/minds/eyes on ...‎ ‎　　　　　　 集中注意力/思想/心思/目光于……‎ ‎(2)bring/throw sth. into focus ‎ 使某物明朗化；使某物突出 come into focus　　　　 (使某事)成为焦点 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 be in/off focus 焦点对准(没有对准)‎ ‎①The discussion focuses on the death rate in traffic accidents.‎ 此次讨论集中在交通事故的死亡率上。‎ ‎②I regret not having focused my mind on my study.‎ 我后悔没把我的心思用在学习上。‎ ‎[名师点津]　表示“集中注意力于……”的其他短语：‎ ‎①pay attention to sth.‎ ‎②put one’s heart into sth.‎ ‎③fix one’s attention on sth.‎ ‎6．(教材P14)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.‎ 健康的土壤减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。‎ reduce vt.减少；减缩 reduce sth. to ...　　　　　　　 减少到……‎ reduce sth. by ... 减少了……‎ reduce sb. to doing sth. 迫使某人做某事 ‎①They’ve reduced the prices in the shop, so it’s good time to buy.‎ 商店已经降低了(商品的)价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。‎ ‎②It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.‎ 由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。‎ ‎③If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent.‎ 你如果买10个以上他们就会把价格降低10%。‎ ‎[名师点津]　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to ...表示增减的结果，接by ...表示增减的幅度。‎ ‎④Their salary has been increased by 20 percent since last year.‎ 自去年以来，他们的工资已经增长了20%。‎ ‎7．(教材P14)This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.‎ 这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。‎ keep ... free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ be free from/of　　　　　　　　 不受……伤害 for free/free of charge 免费 free sb./sth.from/of sth. 解除；去除 set free 释放 ‎①They like living in a village, free from/of crowds and noises.‎ 他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。‎ ‎②Your order will be delivered free_of_charge/for_free within a tenmile limit.‎ 在‎10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。‎ ‎③These exercises help free the body of tension.‎ 这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。‎ ‎④I think all caged birds should be_set_free.‎ 我认为所有关在笼里的鸟儿都应该被放出去。‎ ‎8．(教材P15)Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.‎ 和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。‎ comment n．评论；议论vt.&vi. 表达意见；作出评论 ‎(1)make comments on/upon sth.　 评论某事 offer comments 提意见 no comment 无可奉告 ‎(2)comment on/upon 对……发表评论 ‎①She made helpful comments on my work.‎ 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。‎ ‎②I’m not in a position to comment_on the matter.‎ 我无权对这件事发表评论。‎ ‎③Don’t offer_comments if you cannot understand the real meaning.‎ 如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。‎ ‎④—Can you say something about the present situation?‎ ‎—Sorry, no_comment!‎ ‎——你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗？‎ ‎——对不起，无可奉告！‎ ‎1．Recently, however, scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.‎ 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ ‎(1)have been finding是现在完成进行时。‎ ‎①Because of illness, he has been lying in bed all day.‎ 由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。‎ ‎②They have_been_building the bridge for two months.‎ 两个月来他们一直在建桥。‎ ‎(2)现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：‎ 用法 例句 区别一 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性 I have been thinking it over. ‎ 我一直在考虑这件事。‎ 现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have thought it over.‎ 我已经考虑过这件事了。‎ 区别二 现在完成进行时表示动作的反复 Have you been meeting him recently？‎ 你最近经常见他吗？‎ 现在完成时不表示动作的反复 Have you met him recently？‎ 你最近见过他吗？‎ 区别三 现在完成进行时常带有感情色彩 I have been waiting for you for three hours.‎ 我已等了你三个小时。(暗含不满的语气)‎ 现在完成时不带有感情色彩 I have waited for you for three hours.‎ 我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实)‎ ‎2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ‎ ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.‎ 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。‎ 本句中making it ...为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于and make it ready for crops ...; that 引导定语从句，修饰 wheat or corn。‎ ‎①Many people from all over the world have moved to America, making it the most multicultural country in the world.‎ 来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。‎ ‎②He cut off the wire, preventing (prevent) a big fire.‎ 他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。‎ ‎[名师点津]　现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。‎ ‎③He hurried to the airport, only_to_be_told that the plane had taken off.‎ 他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Would you care to comment on any troublesome students in your class?‎ ‎2．Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.‎ ‎3．Kitty, take your umbrella. It can keep your skin free from/of being burnt.‎ ‎4．She reduced her weight by five kilograms last month.‎ ‎5．Her poor English often led to misunderstanding when she first went to England many years ago.‎ ‎6．No wonder you are so tired. You have_been_working (work) all day.‎ ‎7．Ted was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎8．She looked at her watch and turned regretfully (regret)towards home.‎ ‎9．The child slipped and fell, hitting (hit) his head against the door.‎ ‎10．He hurried to the bus station only to_find (find) that the last bus had left.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Much_to_our_regret,_we couldn’t attend your wedding.‎ 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们不能参加你们的婚礼了。‎ ‎2．She sat there in_confusion. It was obvious that she got_confused by the boy’s ‎ confusing_explanation.‎ 她困惑地坐在那里，显然是被这个男孩含糊不清的解释弄糊涂了。‎ ‎3．They focused_all_their_attention_on finding a solution to the problem.‎ 他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。‎ ‎4．We should use new energy to keep our environment free_of_pollution.‎ 我们应当使用新能源，使我们的环境免受污染。‎ ‎5．In addition, anxiety and worry can lead_to_sickness.‎ 此外，焦虑和担心会导致疾病。‎ 一、全练语言点·基稳才能楼高 ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Many a young Chinese scientist has made many wonderful discoveries (发现) in science.‎ ‎2．That car went out of production (生产) five years ago.‎ ‎3．Jerry did not regret giving the comment (评论) but felt that he could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎4．All the mistakes in the exam have been underlined (画底线标出) in red ink.‎ ‎5．This generation has made the environment a focus (焦点) of attention.‎ ‎6．At the end of the news, they often give you a summary (总结) of the main news stories.‎ ‎7．Good nutrition (营养) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.‎ ‎8．I am mixed up about these confusing (令人迷惑的) directions.‎ ‎9．I'm sure something will be done to reduce (减少) the air pollution.‎ ‎10．I regret (遗憾) to tell you that you don't receive any award.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．It is a disturbing problem that many chemicals can lead_to cancer.‎ ‎2．Yuan Longping has been focusing_on searching for a way to increase rice output.‎ ‎3．People are_confused_about all the different labels on food these days.‎ ‎4．I persuaded the shopkeeper to reduce the price of the dress to 300 yuan.‎ ‎5．If you have any questions, you can turn_to me at any time.‎ ‎6．Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to make_comments_on the current situation.‎ ‎7．You must keep_it_in_mind that you shouldn't look down upon anyone whatever they ‎ wear.‎ ‎8．It took me ten years to build_up my business, and it almost killed me.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This meeting focused the world's attention on the poverty of some African countries.‎ ‎2．She struggled to_keep (keep) back her tears.‎ ‎3．How I regret wasting (waste) so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.‎ ‎4．I am very disturbed (disturb) by the news that my son has failed in the exam.‎ ‎5．Without electricity, we couldn't lead a comfortable life.‎ ‎6．She only wants freedom (free), justice and equality.‎ ‎7．Modernization is the key to speeding up our agricultural (agriculture) development.‎ ‎8．Users will be encouraged to add to and comment on/upon the material.‎ ‎9．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer.‎ ‎10．I would rather you had_gone (go) there last night.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Much_to_my_satisfaction,_my boss agreed to my suggestion.‎ 令我非常满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。‎ ‎2．All our eyes were_focused_on the speaker.‎ 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。‎ ‎3．The fans are hungry for meeting their idols after the Film Festival.‎ 电影节后，影迷们都渴望见到他们的偶像。‎ ‎4．She led_me_to_believe that she had a lot of influence.‎ 她使我相信她很有权势。‎ ‎5．She equipped_her_son_with good education.‎ 她使她的儿子受到了良好的教育。‎ ‎6．Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.‎ 也许我们应该让自己摆脱现代科技，返回纯真年代。‎ ‎7．Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality.‎ 注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。‎ ‎8．It is very disturbing that we haven't heard from him.‎ 我们没有听到他的消息，深感不安。‎ ‎9．He is among the_best_students_to_do the experiment.‎ 他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。‎ ‎10．Beijing is ten_times_the_size_of my hometown.‎ 北京是我家乡的十倍大。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.阅读理解 You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one that's been organically grown. Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.‎ The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”. Does that mean it's better? Safer? More nutritious? Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. Several differences between organic and nonorganic foods exist. The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease.‎ Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming：‎ Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth.‎ Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.‎ Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease.‎ Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease.‎ Give animals antibiotics, growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth.‎ Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors. Use preventive measures — such as a balanced diet and clean housing — to help minimize disease.‎ ‎*Organic or not Check the label The U．S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards. These standards regulate how such foods are grown, handled and processed. Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards. Only producers who sell less than D|S ‎5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt (免除) from this certification.‎ If a food bears a USDA Organic label, it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards. The seal is voluntary, but many organic producers use it.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。“有机食品”‎ 一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。‎ ‎1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．promote the sales of organic foods B．inform people that organic foods are better for their health C．compare conventional and organic foods D．persuade people to become informed consumers 解析：选C　主旨大意题。该题目实际上是在考查文章是围绕什么内容展开的。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。‎ ‎2．According to the passage, organic farming is intended to ________.‎ A．improve the quality of the soil and water B．take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely C．prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively D．adopt environmentallyfriendly methods to grow plants and feed animals 解析：选D　细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。‎ ‎3．Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming?‎ A．Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease.‎ B．Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth.‎ C．Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth.‎ D．Using pests to reduce insects and disease.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。‎ ‎4．From the passage we know the organic certification program ________.‎ A．is not meant for produce of all producers B．makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label C．sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce D．requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to be a better reader Reading‎ is an extremely important skill. It is by reading that you learn much of what you need to know for your different school subjects. __1__ Here are some suggestions on how to be a better reader.‎ Know your reading purpose. __2__ The kind of reading you do in class or for your homework is different from how you read a novel for pleasure in the summer vacation. If you know your reading purpose, you can choose the best reading method.‎ Use all the information in the book. Good textbooks are wellorganized, with titles, subtitles, introductions, summaries or conclusions. Many books also have pictures with captions (说明文字). __3__ Another aspect of good writing is that each paragraph has a topic sentence. If you concentrate on understanding the topic sentence, this may help you to understand what comes next.‎ ‎__4__ You can't really expect to understand a difficult book if you are trying to read in the same room with the television on and your little brother distracting (使某人分心) you. The same goes for reading on the bus on the way to school. You can't expect to read a textbook and listen to music at the same time either. Try to find a quiet and comfortable place with good light, and your dictionaries and other materials nearby.‎ Use your dictionary wisely. A common mistake of ESL students is to look up each unknown word in the texts they are given to read. __5__ It can even make understanding more difficult because by the time you reach the end of the paragraph, you have forgotten what you read at the beginning! So use your dictionary wisely.‎ A．Choose the right time to read.‎ B．Choose a right place to read.‎ C．Look at all these first before starting to read.‎ D．But it takes a long time and can be very boring.‎ E．The wider your vocabulary is, the easier you will find your reading.‎ F．Reading is also an excellent way to improve your general English.‎ G．The way you read a book or a text depends largely on your reasons for reading it.‎ 答案：1～5　FGCBD