2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:数词知识点

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2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:数词知识点

‎2021年高考英语语法核心考点复习:数词知识点 概述:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词(numerals)。数词与不定代词很相似,其用法相当于名词与形容词。‎ 英汉两种文字在数词方面有较大区别,在英语数词运用过程中应注意表示数目多少的基数词、表示顺序先后的序数词、分数的构成和用法,以及hundred,thousand, million, dozen, 和 score的复数形式等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. 基数词 ‎1). 基数词英语表达方式。百位数与十位数之间用and 连接;十位与个位之间用“-”连接。‎ ‎(1).  1—12 的基数词是:one 1  two2  three 3  four 4 five 5  six 6  seven 7 eight 8  nine 9  ten 10 eleven 11  twelve 12‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2).  13—19,  皆由3—9加后缀-teen构成,即: thirteen13  fourteen 14  fifteen 15 sixteen 16  seventeen 17  eighteen 18 nineteen 19‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3).  20—90 等十位数均由2—9加后缀 –ty构成,即:twenty20  thirty 30  forty 40 fifty 50  sixty 60  seventy 70 eighty 80  ninety 90‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4).  21—29由十位数 20加个位数 1—9构成,中间须有连字符 “-”,即:twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22  twenty-three23  twenty-four 24  twenty-five 25  twenty-six 26 twenty-seven 27  twenty-eight28  twenty-nine 29 ‎ ‎   其他的十位数照此类推。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(5). 百位数由1—9加 hundred 构成,如包含十位数及个位数,中间用and连接,也可以不用,如只包含个位数,即十位数为零时,则and不可省。如: a (one) hundred 100  two hundred 200  three hundred 300  seven hundred and eight 708  a (one) hundred (and) forty-five 145  six hunred (and) ninety-two 692‎ thousand , million, billion的表达法与hundred相同。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2).  hundred, thousand , million , billion, dozen 和 score 等量词前有具体数目时,不加 –s;表不确定数目时, 常用复数形式, 且与of 连用。如: two ( many /several ) dozen books(二十四本书/许多打书/好几打书)  three hundred people ‎(三百人)  hundreds of people(几百人)  scores /dozens of people(许多人)等。 又如:‎ ‎--How many times have you seen her?‎ ‎--Oh, hundreds of times, I think.‎ ‎-你见过他多少次?‎ ‎-哦,我想有几百次吧。‎ He bought two dozen copies of the magazine .‎ 他买了两打这种杂志。‎ ‎ ‎ 注: a. dozen表示具体数目时一般后面不加介词of,若dozen位于these, those,them, us前,dozen后必须要加of 。如:a dozen of these apples ; three dozen of them  by the dozen=in (one’s) dozens(成打地)等。又如: ‎ Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent to the spot to keep order .‎ 事故一发生,二十四名警察就被派往出事地点维持秩序。‎ Shortly after the accident, dozens of police were sent to the spot to keep order.‎ 事故一发生,许多警察就被派往出事地点维持秩序。‎ ‎ ‎ b. score表示具体数目时一般后面要加介词of,若score后还有具体数目连用,则不加of  如: two score of apples(四十个苹果)‎ ‎ three score and ten people(五十个人)  by the score=in (one’s) scores(二十二十地)等。又如:‎ There were two score of people in the room .‎ 房间里有四十人。‎ There are two score and ten students in our school.‎ 我们班上有五十个学生。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3). 基数词的复数形式表示年代或年龄。如: in the1990's / in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代) ; in one’s thirties(三十多岁) in one’s teens(十几岁)。又如:              ‎ When he moved to Germany in the fifties, he was already in his sixties .‎ 当他五十年代搬到德国时,他已经六十多岁了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 序数词 ‎1). 序数词英语表达方法 序数词第 1-19除first, second与third有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词加后缀-th构成;以-y结尾的整十数要变y为 i ,再加eth。‎ ‎(1).  1—19的序数词除first, second与third有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词加后缀-th构成: first 1st  second 2nd  third 3rd fourth 4th  fifth 5th  sixth 6th seventh 7th  eighth 8th  ninth 9th tenth 10th  eleventh 11th  twelfth ‎ ‎12th thirteenth 13th  fourteenth14th  fifteenth 15th  sixteenth 16th  seventeenth 17th  eighteenth 18th  nineteenth 19th ‎ ‎ ‎(2).  整十数的序数词要变y为 i ,再加eth。如: twentieth 20th thirtieth 30th  fortieth 40th ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3).  十位数的序数词如包含1—9 的个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,中间须有连字符“-”。如: twenty-first 21st  thirty-second 32nd  forty-third 43th ‎ ‎ ‎(4). 百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如:(one) hundredth 100th  (one)thousandth 1 000th  ten thousandth 10000th  (one) hundred thousandth 100000th  (one) millionth 1 000 000th  ten millionth 10 000 000th  (one) hundred millionth  100 000 000th (one) billionth 1 000 000 000th ‎ ‎ 注:序数词hundredth,thousandth, millionth, billionth之前的“一”只可用one,不可用a。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(5). 多位数序数词的个位数如包含1—9 时,个位数用序数词,前位数用基数词,中间出现零时,须用and连接。如:five million forty thousand two hundred (and) fifty-second 5 040 252th  four hundred and first 401st ‎ ‎ ‎3.    编号 编号有三种表达方式: A . the + 序数词 +名词 (第几…)‎ ‎                     B . a +序数词+名词 (再一… /另一… )‎ ‎                     C.  名词 +基数词 如: the first lesson(第一课)  a third time(再一次,又一次) the No. 1 Middle School(第一中学)  Lesson One(首字大写)(第一课)  Room 201(201房间)等。又如:‎ We are to study Chapter Four this week.‎ 我们这周要学第四章。‎ ‎ ‎ 注:当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时,一般序数词在基数词之前。如: the first four pages(前四页)  若序数词充当描绘性修饰语时,则放在基数词之后。如:three first prizes(三个一等奖)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 分数的表达方式             ‎ ‎     分子用基数词,分母用序数,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。如: a / one half(二分之一) one third(三分之一)  two thirds(三分之二)    a /one quarter / one fourth (四分之一) two and a quarter (二又四分之一)等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.    百分数的表达方式 ‎    %读作 percent (或 per cent)。 如:  40% 读作 forty per cent 又如: ‎ The population of our village today is 70 percent as much as that before liberation .‎ 如今我们村庄的人口只有解放前的百分之七十。‎ The production of steel of 2001 is thirty percent higher than that of 2000 .‎ ‎2001年的钢产量比2000高了百分之三十。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.    小数的表达方式 ‎ 小数点读作 " point" 如: 8.27 eight point two seven  0.29 zero point two nine ‎ ‎ ‎7.  " 年 " 、" 月 " 、" 日 "的表达方式 如: December25th , 1999 读作  December twenty-fifth nineteen-nine或 the twenty- fifth of December of nineteen-nine ‎ ‎ ‎8.    时刻的表达方式 ‎ ‎“过”用“past”,“差”用“to”。如: half past six pm.(下午六点半)      five to eight am.(上午八点差五分)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9.    倍数有三种表达方式 X +times (两倍可用twice) + as +形容词或副词原级+ as X times + 形容词或副词比较级 + than X times + the length (width,weight , size of…)‎ 如:‎ This box is four times as light as that one.‎ ‎=This box is three times lighter than that one.‎ ‎=This box is four times the weight of that one.‎ 这个盒子比那个盒子轻三倍。‎ The classroom is five times as large as our office.‎ ‎=The classroom is four times larger than our office.‎ ‎=The classroom is five times the size of our classroom.‎ 这个教室有我们办公室的五倍大。‎
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