2018届北师大版一轮复习必修3Unit8　Adventure学案

2018届北师大版一轮复习必修3Unit8　Adventure学案

Unit 8　Adventure Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．adventure n． 奇遇，冒险的经历 ‎2．major adj. 较重要的；较严重的 ‎3．extra adj. 特别的；额外的 ‎4．organisation n. 团体，组织，机构 ‎5．luggage n. 行李 ‎6．exactly adv. 确切地，精确地 ‎7．risk vt. 冒……的危险 ‎8．excitement n. 兴奋，激动 ‎9．dull adj. 枯燥无味的；暗淡的；迟钝的 ‎10．author n. 作者 ‎11．quantity n. 量，数量 ‎12．professor n. 教授 ‎13．goal n. 目的；目标 ‎14．ambition n. 志向，抱负 ‎15．hopeless adj. 没有希望的 ‎16．tire vt. 使疲劳 ‎→tiring adj. 令人疲劳的 ‎→tired adj. 疲倦的 ‎17．comfort n．& vt. 安慰 ‎→comfortable adj. 舒服的 ‎→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 ‎18．accommodation n. 住所，住处 ‎→accommodate vt. 容纳 ‎19．differ vi. 不同于，有区别 ‎→difference n. 不同之处 ‎→different adj. 不同的 ‎20．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的 ‎→anxiety n. 焦虑，不安 ‎21．similarity n. 相似性，类似性 ‎→similar adj. 相似的 ‎22．various adj. 不同的，各种各样的 ‎→variety n. 品种；种类；变化 ‎23．equip vt. 装备 ‎→equipment n. 配备，设备 ‎24．prefer v. 喜欢 ‎→preference n. 较喜欢的东西，偏爱 ‎25．amaze vt. 使惊愕(惊奇)‎ ‎→amazed adj. 惊愕的，吃惊的 ‎→amazing adj. 令人惊异的 ‎→amazement n. 吃惊；惊愕 ‎26．confuse vt. 使困惑 ‎→confused adj. 困惑的 ‎→confusing adj. 令人困惑的 ‎→confusion n. 混乱；困惑 ‎27．wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的 ‎→wealth n. 财富 ‎28．preparation n. 准备，预备 ‎→prepare v. 准备 ‎29．patience n. 耐心；忍耐力 ‎→patient n. 病人 ‎ ‎ adj. 有耐心的 ‎→patiently adv. 耐心地 ‎30．observe vt. 观察，观测 ‎→observation n. 观察 ‎31．disadvantage n. 不利，不利条件 ‎→advantage(反义词) n. 有利条件，长处 ‎32．limit n. 边界；限度 ‎ ‎ vt. 限制；限定 ‎→limited adj. 有限的 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎33．optional adj. 可选择的，非强制的 ‎34．horizon n. 地平线 ‎35．route n. 路程，路线 ‎36．maximum adj. 最大的，最多的 ‎37．altitude n. 高度，海拔 ‎38．extreme adj. 极度的，极端的 ‎39．gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练 ‎40．exhausted adj. 疲惫的，精疲力尽的 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．right now 就在此刻 ‎2．in order to do sth. 目的是，以便 ‎3．upside down 颠倒地，倒置地 ‎4．turn up 出现，到场；调高声音 ‎5．back out 决定不履行(允诺的事)‎ ‎6．get across 使理解(某事)‎ ‎7．in turn 轮流 ‎8．break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 ‎9．put...into prison 把……关进监狱 ‎10．stand by 坚持(某种说法)；袖手旁观 ‎11．on one's way 在途中 ‎12．break down 损坏，不能运转；失败 ‎13．run out of 用完，耗尽 ‎14．carry on 继续 ‎15．take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱掉；开始成功 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.(so...that引导结果状语从句。)‎ ‎1.(环境)这么嘈杂，以至于我们都听不到自己说的话。It was so noisy that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎2.Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.(too...to...“太……而不能……”。)‎ ‎2.我太忙了，没时间照顾我的小孩。‎ I'm too busy to take care of my baby.‎ ‎3.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装句。)‎ ‎3.然后铃响了，下课了。‎ Then goes the bell and class is over.‎ ‎4.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.(have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事方面有困难”。)‎ ‎4.天下着大雨，我们费了好大劲才到达目的地。‎ It raining hard，we had great difficulty reaching the destination. 【导学号：34802056】‎ 精讲8个考纲单词 ‎ differ vi.不同于，有区别 ‎[高考佳句]　Though their ranges and tools differ，the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim.(2016年浙江高考·阅读理解C)尽管范围和工具不同，但是儿童调研以及科学家的实验似乎有着相同的目的。‎ ‎(1)differ from 与……不同 differ in 在……方面不同 differ with sb.about/on sth. 关于某事与某人意见不同 ‎(2)difference n. 不同；区别 make a/no/little difference(to...) (对……)有/无/几乎无影响 tell the difference between...and... 分辨……与……的不同 ‎(3)different adj. 不同的；相异的 be different from/to 与……不同 be different in 在……方面不同 ‎①Even though we completely differ from each other in character，we are still great friends.虽然我们在性格上完全不同，我们仍然是不错的朋友。‎ ‎②Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes.They differ in kind and function.‎ 教和学是两个完全不同的过程，它们在种类和功能上不同。‎ ‎③Under the Dome，a 103minute documentary released by Chai Jing，has pushed public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.‎ ‎《穹顶之下》，一部由柴静出版的103分钟的纪录片已经激发了关于大气污染的公共意识，并鼓励人们参与更多的活动进行改变。‎ ‎ risk vt.冒……的危险 n．冒险；危险；风险 ‎[教材原句]　What makes people risk their lives to do them?‎ 是什么使人们冒着生命危险去做这些事呢？‎ ‎(1)risk (doing) sth. 冒险(做)某事 ‎(2)at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着做某事的风险 take/run the risk of (doing) sth. 冒……的危险；冒险做某事 take/run a risk/risks 冒险 at risk 处境危险；遭受危险 at all risks/at any risk 无论冒什么风险，无论如何 ‎①We've been advised not to risk travelling in these conditions.‎ 我们被建议在这些条件下不要冒险出行。‎ ‎②They were determined to get there even at the risk of their lives.‎ 即使要冒生命危险，他们也决心要到那里去。‎ ‎③It is not worthwhile to take the risk of offending your boss just to get such a small sum of money.‎ 仅是为拿到那一点钱就去触怒老板，不值得。‎ ‎ confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；混淆 ‎[教材原句]　He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.‎ 他也对人们用来当燃料燃烧的黑色石头感到困惑。‎ ‎(1)confused adj. 困惑的，糊涂的；不清楚的 confusing adj. 使人迷惑的 confusion n. 混乱；困惑 ‎(2)confuse A with/and B 将A和B混淆 ‎①I can't see how anyone could confuse you with another!‎ 我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！‎ ‎②The present situation is so confusing that I got confused．(confuse)‎ 目前的形势太令人迷惑了，以致我感到困惑。‎ ‎ quantity n．数量，量 ‎[高考佳句]　...people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.(2015年安徽高考·阅读理解)……人们正在学习如何组织大量的信息以便日后能够提取。‎ ‎(1)a large quantity of＝large quantities of 大量的 in quantity/in large quantities 大量地 ‎(2)quality n. 质量 ‎①My brother bought a large quantity of books.‎ 我弟弟买了大量的书。‎ ‎②If you buy this goods in quantity，we will offer a better price.‎ 如果你大量购买这种商品，我们会给你打折的。‎ ‎③The new camera is of high quality and is not expensive，either，which makes it popular.‎ 新的照相机质量好，也不贵，这使它很受欢迎。‎ ‎[名师点津]　a quantity of/quantities of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。“a quantity of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；“quantities of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ preparation n．准备，预备 ‎[教材原句]　During the polar summer of 1910—1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.‎ 在1910－1911年的南极夏季期间，两个探险队为准备第二年的旅行组建了食品储存处。‎ ‎(1)make preparations for/to do sth.‎ ‎ 为(做)某事作准备 ‎(be) in preparation 在准备中 ‎(2)prepare vt. 预备；筹备；调制；为……作准备 vi. 准备；预备；作准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepare (sb.)for sth. (使某人)为某事做准备 ‎(3)prepared adj. 有准备的，事先准备好的 ‎①Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.‎ ‎(谚)抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。‎ ‎②It is necessary for the young to make preparations (prepare) for their future.年轻人有必要为他们的未来做些准备。 【导学号：34802057】‎ ‎③If we learn to accept changes and appreciate what is new and different，we will be well prepared for whatever the future may have in store.‎ 如果我们学会接受变化，学会欣赏新的不同的东西，我们就能有准备地迎接未来带给我们的一切。‎ ‎ aim n．目标；目的 vi.&vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力 ‎[经典例句]　The aim of the research is to find new food sources.(朗文辞典)‎ 此项研究的目的是去寻找新的食物来源。‎ ‎(1)aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目标地 ‎(2)achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标 take aim at 向……瞄准 with the aim of 以……为目标；意在……‎ ‎(3)aim sth.at sb./sth. 用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物 aim at doing sth./aim to do sth. 意欲、企图、旨在做某事 be aimed at 目的是；旨在 ‎①The project aims at getting kids to a stage called“deep reading”，where they can read to learn.‎ 这个项目旨在让孩子们进入一个“深度阅读”状态，一个他们可以在读书中学习的状态。‎ ‎②He went to the city with the aim of making money.他进城的目的是赚钱。‎ ‎③This activity is aimed at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.‎ 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ observe vt.观察，观测；遵守；庆祝 ‎[高考佳句]　Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2014年北京高考·单项填空)‎ 在实验室做实验时，要仔细观察是否有变化发生。‎ ‎(1)observer n． 观察者 observation n. 观察；观察力；观测 be under observation 在观察中，在监视中 ‎(2)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事 observe sth.done 看到某事被做 observe a rule 遵守规则 ‎①Do observe the traffic rules whenever you cross the road.不管什么时候过马路，一定要遵守交通规则。‎ ‎②When I passed his house，I observed him playing (play) in his yard.‎ 当我经过他家时，我注意到他正在院子里玩耍。‎ ‎[名师点津]　observe sb. do sth.在变成被动语态时，应添加省略的不定式符号“to”。‎ ‎③The thief was observed to open (open) the window and run away.‎ 有人发现窃贼打开窗户逃跑了。 【导学号：34802058】‎ ‎ limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；边界；限度 ‎[经典例句]　There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving the people.‎ 一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。‎ ‎(1)limited adj. 有限的 ‎(2)limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内 ‎(3)set a limit to/on... 对……规定限度 ‎①I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.我认为教学不应该局限在教室里。‎ ‎②Within the limit of legal rights，persons are free to do as they please.‎ 在法权范围内，人可以自由地做他们高兴做的事。‎ ‎③He was born in a poor family，and only received a limited (limit) education in his childhood.‎ 他出身贫寒，小时候接受的教育有限。‎ 诠释4个核心短语 ‎ take off起飞；脱去(衣服)；开始成功；休假；匆匆离去 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中take off的含义 ‎①Three planes were standing on the runway，waiting to take off.起飞 ‎②Take off your wet clothes and put on some dry ones.脱下 ‎③Congratulations，Paulo！Now maybe you can take a few days off.休假 ‎④Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.大受欢迎 take over 接任，接管，接收 take in 吸收，理解；受骗 take up 拿起；占据；对……有兴趣；开始从事 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 ‎⑤George is taking over the running of our American corporation.‎ 乔治准备接手经营我们美国的企业。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ turn up出现，到场；找出，发现；开大，调高 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中turn up的含义 ‎①This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.出现 ‎②Investigations have never turned up any evidence.找到 ‎③Bill would turn up the TV in the other room.调高 turn to 求助于 turn out 最后结果，最终成为；在场；出席；生产 ‎④Don't worry—I'm sure it will all turn out to be fine.别担心——我敢肯定一切最终会好起来的。‎ ‎ get across使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；横过(马路、河等)‎ ‎[教材原句]　It's difficult to get across how exciting it is!‎ 要真正体会到这是多么令人兴奋的事并不容易。‎ get across to sb. 为/被某人所理解 get sth.across to sb. 向某人传达/讲解某事，使某事被某人所理解 get about/around/round 到处走动；(消息等)传开 get along＝get on 进展；相处；应付，过活 get through 用完；耗尽；(设法)处理；通过(考试等)；‎ ‎ 拨通电话(to)‎ get away(from) 离开；脱身 get down to doing sth. 开始认真做某事 ‎①Did your speech get across to the audience?‎ 你的演说被听众所理解吗？‎ ‎②After that，he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.‎ 在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。 【导学号：34802059】‎ ‎③It's high time that I got down to reflecting (reflect) on my mistakes.‎ 是我应该反思自己错误的时候了。‎ ‎ break down损坏，不能运转；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁；拆除；分解 ‎[教材原句]　First，his two sledges broke down，and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。‎ break into 破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)‎ break in 闯入；插话，打断 break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱 break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 break up 结束；粉碎，破碎；解散 ‎①The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天气转暖，冰层就会破裂。‎ ‎②I luckily managed to break away from my awful marriage.我幸运地从可怕的婚姻中解脱出来。‎ 突破2个高考句型 ‎ (教材P26)Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。‎ 本句中使用了“too...to...”结构，表示“太……以至于不能……”。‎ too...to...结构的用法总结：‎ ‎(1)too...to...太……而不能……‎ ‎(2)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。‎ cannot be too...再……也不过分 ‎(3)only/just/but too...to...非常……去做(too前的only/just/but 不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)。‎ ‎(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。‎ ‎(5)too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能……；太……不会不……”。‎ ‎①If the population continues to increase，the earth will become too small a planet to support so many people.如果人口持续增长，地球将会变成一个太小的而不能养活如此多的人的星球。‎ ‎②He is too wise not to solve (solve) this problem.‎ 他非常聪明，必能解决这个问题。‎ ‎③It's clear that the tree is too young to stand the storm.＝It's clear that the tree is not old enough to stand the storm.＝It's clear that the tree is so young that it can't stand the storm.‎ 很显然，这棵树太小了，经受不住暴风雨。‎ ‎[链接写作]　句型转换 我急切地想见到你！‎ I'm eager to meet you as soon as possible.‎ ‎→I am too eager to meet you as soon as possible.‎ ‎ (教材P28)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking．‎ 接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。‎ have difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth.“在……方面有困难(或麻烦)；做……有困难”。‎ ‎(1)表示此意思的其他用法有：‎ ‎(2)difficulty前可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。‎ ‎①I have no difficulty with/(in) working out the problem.‎ 解决这个问题我没有困难。‎ ‎②There was no difficulty/trouble (in) carrying out the plan.执行这项计划没什么困难。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在考查句型“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”时，difficulty往往提前作为主句中的先行词，定语从句中谓语变为have doing形式。试比较：‎ You can't imagine the difficulty he had passed the exam.(　×　)‎ You can't imagine the difficulty he had passing the exam.(　√　)‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型—————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I must say I have a strong preference classical architecture.‎ ‎2．The monitor assigned us to make preparations the upcoming Christmas party.‎ ‎3．He took my wet boots and made me sit by the fire.‎ ‎4．There's limit to the amount of pain we can bear.‎ ‎5．It's stupid to risk (do) anything that might lead to failure.‎ ‎6．Large quantities of goods (sell) out since they brought down the price. 【导学号：34802060】‎ ‎7．It's not easy work (organize) such a well prepared exhibition.‎ ‎8．You can't imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm.‎ ‎【答案】　1.for　2.for　3.off　4.a　5.doing　6.have been sold　7.to organize　8.walking Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．We were loading the luggages into the car when it began to rain.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．I feel confusing by his offering me the two suggestions.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．Dear passengers，please remain seating until the bus totally stops.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．They arrived at a farmhouse，but，to their surprise，in front of which sat a little boy crying aloud.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．He is often observed go shopping with his classmates.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6．They are running out oil and the plane has to land on the field.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.luggages→luggage　2.confusing→confused　3.seating→seated　4.which→it　5.go前加to　6.out后加of 重难考点多维练 ‎1．differ一站清 单句语法填空 ‎①Tomorrow's world will be very different the world of today.‎ ‎②English differs Chinese this respect，so we must pay more attention to it.‎ ‎③Tom differs Mike on the plan made yesterday.‎ ‎④It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and affordable.A small step makes big difference. 【导学号：34802061】‎ ‎⑤Can you tell the (differ) between the words “require” and “request”？I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.‎ ‎【答案】　①from　②from；in　③with　④a　⑤difference ‎2．break相关短语全接触 介、副词填空 ‎①The criminal broke away the policemen who were holding him.‎ ‎②Something unexpected always breaks in this area.‎ ‎③The washing machine seems to have broken again. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802062】‎ ‎④The husband and wife are always quarrelling and their relations are breaking ．‎ ‎⑤I could have told the story better if so many people had not broken ．‎ ‎⑥We had to break the house as we had lost the key.‎ ‎【答案】　①from　②out　③down　④up　⑤in　⑥into Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据Lesson 1的课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Adventure 2000 is an organisation for adventures to the Himalayas.It can satisfy all the needs of hikers.All the guides 1. are very experienced，learn about all the best places to camp.2. a hiking trip，their cooks can prepare foods 3. (taste) delicious and porters can carry luggage for hikers.‎ ‎4. ，at Adventure 2000，they can make a detailed arrangement for travel，5. (include) flights，accommodation and so on.They also provide special offers for those hikers who have different 6. (interesting)．For those who are interested in history，there is a trip to Western China.For hikers preferring 7. (play) on the coast，they can provide relative service.Among the three classes，Class A is 8. (difficult)．If you want to join in this adventure，you will pay ￡2，500，which includes all flights and 9. (accommodate)．Keep in mind 10. maximum group size is 15 people.‎ ‎【答案】　1.who　2.On　3.tasting　4.Besides　5.including　6.interests　7.to play　8.the most difficult　9.accommodation　10.that Ⅱ.课文短文改错 请根据Lesson 3的课文内容，对下面的材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254.When he was 17 years old，he travelled over Europe and Asia and eventual arrived in Beijing.At that time，the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty，Kublai Khan，was very happy meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.Marco and his father were guests at the Emperor's Palace.Although Marco was young，he was very clever and could already say four languages.The ‎ Emperor was impressing by him and they became friend.He asked Marco to serve in her court and sent him to do many important tasks across the country.‎ Marco，in turn，was amazing by how beautiful and powerful China was.He also found some inventions and developments in China which are not available in Europe at that time.Marco returned back to Italy in 1291.‎ ‎【答案】　Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254.When he was 17 years old，he travelled Europe and Asia and arrived in Beijing.At that time，the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty，Kublai Khan，was very happy meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.Marco and his father were guests at the Emperor's Palace.Although Marco was young，he was very clever and could already four languages.The Emperor was by him and they became .He asked Marco to serve in court and sent him to do many important tasks across the country.‎ Marco，in turn，was by how beautiful and powerful China was.He also found some inventions and developments in China which not available in Europe at that time.Marco returned to Italy in 1291.‎ Ⅲ.高考话题微写作 请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。‎ ‎1．我很想去澳大利亚，目的是经历一种与我们不同的文化，由于各种原因父母不愿让我出国旅行。(be anxious to，in order to，differ from，various)‎ ‎2．最终我设法让他们理解了我的想法，决定乘坐周日起飞的航班飞往澳大利亚。(get...across，take off)‎ ‎3．在去悉尼的路上，我们的车坏了，更糟糕的是，汽油用完了。(break down，run out of)‎ ‎4．幸好另一辆车很快出现了。(turn up)‎ ‎5．是那位好心的司机给我们提供了一些燃料并帮助我们让汽车运转起来。(用强调句型)‎ ‎6．我们又出发了。(set off)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ I am anxious to go to Australia in order to experience a culture which differs from ours，but for various reasons my parents wouldn't like me to travel abroad.Finally I managed to get my idea across to them and decided to take the plane that took off on Sunday to Australia.However，on our way to Sydney，our car broke down and what's worse，it ran out of oil.Luckily，another car turned up soon and it was the warmhearted driver that offered us some fuel and helped us get the car functioning.Happily，we set off again. 【导学号：34802063】‎