专题02 名词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

专题02 名词-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2017高考精品系列之英语（解析版）

‎2016版3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列 专题02 名词 ‎【2017年高考命题预测】‎ 名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。结合近几年高考对名词的考查，可以发现在单项选择题中，每年都出现2～3道题。名词在完形填空中和短文改错及语法填空中都占有重要地位。‎ 名词考点主要为：可数名词与不可数名词；抽象名词的具体化；名词的所有格；名词作定语以及名词固定习语；名词与主谓一致等。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。‎ ‎【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布 研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、对同义词、近义词的考查 ‎ ‎【江苏省南京市2015届高三第三次模拟】Some tourists’ visiting Tian’anmen Square during the holiday left a ________ of litter everywhere they went.‎ A. trail B. dot C. chain D. track ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词 ‎【备考提示】面对英较语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。‎ 考点二、对相似词的考查 ‎ ‎【福建省泉州第一中学2015届高三下学期最后一次模拟】The creation of art can fly with the ‎ wings of________, but make sure art workers walk on solid earth. A. imagination B. determination C. seriousness D. realization ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析。A. imagination想象；B. determination决心；C. seriousness严肃；D. realization实现。句意：艺术可以放飞想象的翅膀，但一定要脚踩坚实的大地。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎ 考点三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 ‎ 作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 ‎ ‎3、As an official, one should serve the people at any cost _______sitting back to protect the chair.‎ ‎ A．in term of B．instead of C．in need of D．in favor of ‎【答案】B 考点：考查介词短语 ‎4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______. ‎ A．date B．shape ‎ C．order D．balance ‎ ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out of balance 意为“失衡”。 ‎ ‎【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。 ‎ 考点四、考查单词基本义的引申和拓展 ‎ 近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 ‎ ‎5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses． ‎ A．strengths B．benefits ‎ C．techniques D．values ‎ ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。 B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。‎ ‎【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。‎ ‎【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析 ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·江苏】24. — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎ — Living every day to the full, definitely.‎ A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎2.【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.‎ ‎ A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。‎ ‎3.【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect ‎ your ______.‎ A. condition B. income C. credit D. status ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。Condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意故选C。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势，长处 等等。这题中的credit属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).‎ The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。‎ ‎70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). ‎ ‎42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。‎ ‎46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。‎ ‎47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。‎ 所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.‎ ‎47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。‎ ‎48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.‎ ‎45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分 My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.‎ ‎4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 ‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎7. knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. ‎ ‎51. year—years考查名词复数。13-19年是复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改为years。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.‎ ‎2.houseworks---housework “housework”是不可数名词，故把 houseworks---housework。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.‎ ‎66.【答案】children改成child ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。‎ 考点：考查名词单复数 ‎67.【答案】late改成later 考点：考查副词 ‎2015年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.‎ A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。‎ ‎2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. ‎ A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。‎ ‎3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。‎ ‎4.【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .‎ A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。‎ ‎5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer ‎ reform.‎ A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。‎ ‎【考点定位】名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。‎ ‎6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.‎ A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查名词辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.‎ ‎ A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。‎ 此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析 ‎【名师点睛】对于名词的考查，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。在名词的用法方面，有可能是与固定搭配有关，也有可能根据语意。需要学生平时记忆常见名词的意思及相关用法。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.‎ ‎[解析]‎ ‎63. ability 　结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。 ‎ ‎64. using　结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.ing的形式。‎ ‎2.[2015·全国卷I]‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). ‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.【2015·陕西】Mum taught me some basic step of baking.‎ ‎[解析]step 改为steps 句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。‎ ‎2. 【2015·四川】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. ‎ ‎【解析】friend—friends 考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。‎ ‎3.【2015·浙江】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. ‎ ‎【解析】side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的three，此处应该使用复数形式。‎ ‎4.【2015·新课标全国II】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.‎ ‎【解析】 parent改为parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。‎ 5. ‎【2015·新课标全国I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ ‎ 【解析】airs—air 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。‎ ‎2014年高考试题 一、单项填空 ‎1.【2014·天津卷】3. Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.‎ A. source B. sense C. result D. root ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。source 资源；sense感觉、意识；result结果；root根源。结合语境可知选A。 ‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎2.【2014·福建卷】26. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?‎ ‎ — Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.‎ A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick 诀窍，所以选D。句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。 ‎ ‎3.【2014·湖北卷】Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎4.【2014·湖北卷】When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected_____.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意上，Joan听见Richard的出乎意外的话脸变红，而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”，明显是夸赞之言，C项表示的就是“恭维，赞美”，故选C。A项表示的是“命令，要求”；B项表示“比较”；D项表示“贡献”，句意上都不符合。“com-的前缀和con-的前缀单词一直是高考的重点和难点。‎ 考点：考查形近名词辨析及语境理解 ‎5.【2014·江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.‎ A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol象征，标志；B. portrait肖像；C. identity身份，特征；D. statue塑像，雕像。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解 ‎6.【2014·安徽卷】29．— Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?‎ ‎— That's a good .‎ A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account ‎【答案】C 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎7.【2014·浙江卷】6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.‎ ‎   A. attempts              B. requests            C. doubts               D. promises ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【试题分析】A.attempt尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。‎ 考点：名词辨析及语境的理解。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] While there are_______68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _______69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎68.amazing.这里空格处应该用形容词，来修饰后面的名词，amazing指令人吃惊的；amazed指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用amazing。‎ ‎69.changes.对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.‎ ‎【解析】根据句意和前面的all these 可知，用可数名词year的复数形式years。all these years 的意思是这么多年。‎ ‎2.[2014·辽宁卷]We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times ‎3.[2014·浙江卷]Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. ‎ ‎【解析】strangers—stranger.他们很快地给这位陌生人提供帮助。这里stranger指的是找票的那个人，是一个人，所以应该用单数。‎ ‎4.[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.‎ ‎5.[2014·四川卷] Stay close to your teacher and classmate. ‎ ‎【解析】classmate ---classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是指许多同学们，应该用复数形式，把classmate改为classmates。‎ ‎2013年高考试题 ‎1.[2013·浙江]4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.‎ A. worth B. supply C. package D. list ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意为：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。所以这里the supply of food表示“食品供应”；其它worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list则意为“单子，名册”都不符合语意，所以这里选B项。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎2. [2013·天津卷]7 While she was in Paris，she developed a________ for fine art.‎ A. way B. relation ‎ C．taste D．habit ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】way方式，方法；relation关系；taste 品位，鉴赏；habit习惯。句意：当她在巴黎时，她养成了很好的艺术品位。‎ 考点：考查名词的含义及语境理解。‎ ‎3．[2013·辽宁卷] The accident caused some ________ to my car，but it's nothing serious.‎ A．harm B．injury C．ruin D．damage ‎【答案】D 考点：考查名词词义辨析 ‎4．[2013·江苏] 33With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture Can take a ________ for the better.‎ A．share B．chance ‎ C．turn D．lead ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎【解析】句意为：因受到其他的饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意为“变化”，符合题意。share意为“份额，股份”；chance意为“机会”；lead意为“领导，榜样”。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析。‎ ‎5．[2013·江西卷] 22Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________．‎ A. curiosity B. satisfaction ‎ C. envy D. patience ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】curiosity意为“好奇心”；satisfaction意为“满意”；envy意为“嫉妒”；patience意为“耐心”。 句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。由语境可知D项正确。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎6.[2013·湖北]22 Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.‎ A．difference B．comparison ‎ C．connection D．barrier ‎【答案】D　‎ ‎【解析】difference 差别，不同；comparison 比较，对比；connection 联系，关联；barrier障碍，屏障。句意：在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障的二氧化碳很容易阻止热量进入大气层，所以地球更暖和了 考点：考查名词的含义。‎ ‎7．[2013·湖北] 21Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.‎ A．perspective B．priority ‎ C．participation D．privilege ‎【答案】A　‎ 考点：考查名词的含义。‎ ‎【两年模拟】2015、2016名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2016年模拟题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【浙江建人高复学校2016届高三上学期第一次月考】1. Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.‎ A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析 A. motivation动机，激励；B. qualification资格；C. talent天赋；D. technique技巧；句意：她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利。根据句意可知选A项。 ‎ 考点 : 考查名词辨析 ‎2.【浙江建人高复学校2016届高三上学期第一次月考】2. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.‎ A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 考点 : 考查名词辨析 ‎ ‎3.【江苏省扬州中学2016届高三上学期10月月考】32. For sustainable development, the government has decided to give __________ to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.‎ ‎ A. profit B. interest C. preference D. advantage ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词。A. profit利润；B. interest利息;，兴趣，爱好； C. preference 偏爱；D. advantage优势。句意：为可持续发展，政府已经决定在很多方面偏爱那些节能环保的企业。故选C。‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎4.【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三上学期期初联考】36. Tim, a search and rescue dog, was praised for her good job and was given her favorite ________: beef and rice doggy biscuits.‎ A. comfort B. treat C. hobby D. plate ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词。A. comfort 舒适；B. treat 款待，招待；C. hobby业余爱好；D. plate盘子。句意：Tim，一只搜救犬，因为她出色的工作被称赞，并且被给她最喜爱的款待：牛肉和米狗饼干。故选B。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【辽宁省实验中学分校2016届高三12月月考】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Festivals and celebrations of all kinds 61 (hold) everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, 62 (plant) in spring and harvest in autumn. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.‎ Today's festivals have many origins, some 63_ ( religion) , some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For example, the Japanese festival Obon is honored in __64 (memorize) of their ancestors. People then should go to clean graves, light lamps and play music __65 they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 66__ this important feast day, people eat food in _67_ shape of skulls and cakes with "bones" on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had _68 origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children's festival, __ 69 they can dress up and go to their neighbors' homes to ask for sweets. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honors the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. India has a national festival on October 2 to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's __70__ （depend) from Britain.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61have been held ‎62planting ‎63religious ‎64memory ‎65because ‎66 On ‎ ‎67the ‎68its ‎69when ‎70independence ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文介绍了世界上很多节日都有自己的由来，并列举了多个例子佐证自己的观点。‎ ‎61have been held考查时态语态。句意：自从古代以来，都会举行各种各样的节日和庆典。根据句意可知使用被动语态，since通常要和现在完成时连用。故使用have been done。‎ ‎62planting考查动名词。本句中动名词短语planting in spring和harvest in autumn是并列结构，都充当动词celebrate的宾语。句意：大部分古代的节日庆祝冬天的结束，春天的播种和秋天的收获。‎ ‎63religious 考查形容词。本句some religious属于省略句，some后面省略了are，和后面的some seasonal结构相似。句意：现在的节日有很多起源，有的是宗教的，有的是季节性的，有些是为了特别的人或事件的。‎ ‎64memory 考查固定搭配。短语in memory of纪念；句意：例如，日本的盂兰盆节就是为了纪念他们的祖先。名词memory充当in的宾语。‎ ‎65because 考查连词。句意：那时人们要去清理墓地，点燃灯笼还要演奏音乐，因为他们认为这会让他们的祖先回来。根据句意可知上下文是因果关系，所以使用连词because。‎ ‎66On 考查介词。在英语中在具体的某天，要使用介词on。早墨西哥在这一天，人们吃骷髅头形状的食物，以此庆祝死亡节。‎ ‎2.【江西省上高县第二中学2016届高三12月（第四次）月考】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Every winter in Alaska a race is held. But this is no ordinary race. Teams of dogs pull sleds（雪橇）along the snow and ice, 61____ (carry) up to 500 kg of supplies. A single driver is in charge of each team, and stands on the sled. This race 62 ___ (know) as Iditarod runs from the town of Anchorage to the village of Nome, a journey of more than l,800 kilometers. It usually takes the teams about ten days to complete the course.‎ ‎ The Iditarod is usually run in 63_____ (extreme) difficult weather conditions. Daytime 64______ (temperature) range from zero to minus 40 degrees. Visibility（能见度）is often very poor, so drivers never allow 65 _____ (them) to become separated from their team of dogs. 66_____ , the drivers depend almost entirely on the dogs for their survival.‎ The origin of the race 67______ (go) back many years to a time 68 ____ some medicine needed to be taken from Anchorage to Nome, a very remote village. Because of severe ‎ weather, the only way to send the medicine 69_____ (be) to use dogs. Happily, the medicine was delivered just 70_____ time to save lives. To celebrate the heroic journey, Alaskans developed the Iditarod.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.carrying ‎ ‎62.known ‎ ‎63.extremely ‎ ‎64.temperatures ‎ ‎65.themselves ‎ ‎66.Indeed ‎ ‎67.goes ‎ ‎68.when ‎ ‎69.was ‎ ‎70.in ‎ ‎63.extremely 考查副词的用法。修饰形容词difficult用副词。 ‎ ‎64.temperatures考查名词的复数形式。根据后面的谓语动词range用的是原形，可知主语是复数。‎ ‎65.themselves 考查反身代词。句意：司机绝不能让自己和狗队分开。因为主语是drivers，复数，故反身代词用themselves。‎ ‎66Indeed 考查副词的用法。此处Indeed意为：的确。‎ ‎67.goes 考查动词的时态。因为主语是the origin,故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎68.when 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是a time,在后面的从句中做时间状语，故用when引导。‎ ‎69.was 考查动词时态。因为是描述过去的情况，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎70.in 考查固定短语。in time及时。句意：高兴的是，这批药及时送达，挽救了很多人的生命。‎ 考点：考查语法的正确使用。‎ ‎3.【宁夏银川市第二中学2016届高三上学期统练（五）】‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并把答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。 ‎ When I looked out at the white blanket 61 covered the ground, I couldn’t help but smile a bit. It was so beautiful. It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass. In the 62　 (distant), I could hear the sound of the snow falling on the road, the barking of a happy dog, and the laughter of children playing outside, enjoying their day off from school. ‎ The sweet music of that laughter 　63 (bring) back a hundred memories of past winters. I remembered 　 64 (catch) snowflakes on my tongue, building snowmen, making snow angels, sledding down hills, and always losing the snowball fights with first 　 65　 brothers and then my own children. Standing there in that warm coat of remembering made the wind　 66 　(little) cold. I looked up, stuck out my tongue, and 　 67 the first time in years caught a snowflake on it. It tasted so fresh 　 68 clean. It tasted like youth, like joy, and like love. I looked up to the heavens and thanked God for all of my memories and for the simple 　 69 　 (true) that you are never 70 old to be young again. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61 that ‎ ‎62 distance ‎ ‎63 brought ‎ ‎64 catching ‎ ‎65 my ‎ ‎66 less ‎ ‎67 for ‎ ‎68 and ‎ ‎69 truth ‎ ‎70 too ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：‎ ‎61that 考查定语从句。这个定语从句的先行词是the white blanket，关系代词that指代先行词在句中充当主语。句意：当我朝外面看着覆盖大地的白色毯子的时候，我情不自禁地笑了起来。‎ ‎62 distance 考查名词。定冠词the后面要接名词，一起充当介词in的宾语。介词短语in the distance在远方。‎ ‎63 brought ‎ 考查时态。本文通篇都使用一般过去时对过去发生的事情进行描述。所以本句中也使用过去式bought。‎ ‎64 catching 考查动词用法。动词短语remember doing sth记得做过某事；我记得用舌头接雪花，堆雪人等等。‎ ‎65my 考查代词。句意：我打雪仗总是输掉，先输给我的哥哥们，然后输给我自己的孩子们。本句中my修饰brothers，指我先输给自己的哥哥们。‎ ‎66less 考查比较级。句意：想起温暖的回忆站在那里让寒风也不那么寒冷了。根据句意可知使用比较级的形式，little的比较级是less。‎ ‎67for 考查固定搭配。短语for the first time第一次。句意：我抬头，伸出舌头，多年以来第一次品尝雪花。本句中介词短语for the first time在句中充当时间状语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ too…to的用法 ‎ 一、too...to...结构表示否定含义 ‎ 表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太...而不能....”、“太...无法...”。常用的句型有五种。 ‎ ‎1.“主语（人）+谓语动词+too＋形容词/ 副词＋to do sth.”这个句型是too...to结构最基本的常用句型。主语是动词不定式的执行者，too后接形容词或副词原级，有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词，to后接动词原形。如：‎ The boy is too young to go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。  ‎ He walks too slowly to get there on time. 他走得太慢，不能按时到达那儿。  ‎ ‎2．“主语（物）+谓语动词+too＋形容词/ 副词+ to do ”这个句型也是too...to结构最基本的常用句型。主语是动词不定式的承受者，此时用主动式表示被动涵义。在这个句型中，句子的主语和不定式的宾语是指同一个事物，则宾语不能重复，必须省掉。‎ 如： The hat is too large to wear. 这帽子太大，没法戴。 ‎ The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太热，不能喝 ‎ ‎3．“主语（物）+谓语动词+too＋形容词/ 副词+ to be done”，这是“too...to”结构中主语是不定式动作的承受者，动词不定式用被动式，后不能带宾语。如：  ‎ The tea is too hot to be drunk.茶太热，不能喝。 。  ‎ The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。  ‎ ‎4．当句子的主语与动词不定式的逻辑主语不一样时，要用句型“主语+谓语动词+too＋形容词/ 副词＋for sb +to do ”，在这个句型中，句子主语和不定式的宾语是指同一个事物，则宾语不能重复，必须省掉。如果句子的主语是物时，for sb.可以省略，并不会影响句子否定意义的表达。如：  ‎ 这个箱子太重，我搬不动。  ‎ 误：This box is too heavy for me to carry it.  正：This box is too heavy for me to carry.  ‎ 这辆小汽车太贵，他买不起。  ‎ 误：The car is too expensive for him to buy it.  ‎ 正：The car is too expensive for him(to buy).  ‎ ‎5．too＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.＋to do /to be done，这个句型在too＋形容词后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放在形容词后，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语是动词不定式的执行者时，用to do主动式，当主语是动词不定式的承受者时，则用to be done被动式。如： ‎ ‎ He's too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. ‎ ‎＝As an artist he's too experienced to mind what the critics say. ‎ 他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。  ‎ He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say. ‎ 他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。 ‎ 二、too„to„结构表示否定含义时，可以与„enough to... 结构及so... that...结构相互转换。 1．将too...to...结构转换为„enough to... 结构时，要注意： ‎ ‎⑴ enough 前的形容词或副词应是too后面形容词或副词的反义词； ⑵ „enough to... 句式须用否定式； ‎ ‎⑶ too... to...结构有逻辑主语时，enough to... 结构也要加上逻辑主语。‎ 如：She is too young to do the work. ‎ ‎= She isn't old enough to do the work.  The problem is too hard for him to work out.  ‎ ‎= The problem isn't easy enough for him to work out. ‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【江西省九江市七校2016届高三第一次联考】注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ With the develop of modern science and technology, more and more ‎ electric cars are coming into our lives and becoming popular.‎ Electric cars have much advantages. Firstly, they are energy-saving ‎ and environmental friendly. They don’t pollute the air because they use ‎ electricity to instead of petrol. Secondly, it is easy but safe to drive ‎ electric cars . In addition, they make little noise if they are running. Last ‎ but not least, electric cars can go a speed of 120 kilometers an hour .‎ In my opinion, your government should take measures to support the ‎ production of electric cars and encourage people to using them .If possible,‎ people should use electric cars in order to make our world clean and better ‎ in the future.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.develop→development ‎72,much→many ‎73.environmental→environmentally ‎74.去to ‎75.but→and ‎76.if→when ‎76.go后加at ‎77.your→our ‎78.using→use ‎79.clean→cleaner ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词名词等的掌握情况。‎ ‎71.develop→development考查名词。前面有冠词，所以这里是一个名词，所以改为development。‎ ‎72,much→many考查形容词。advantage是可数名词，所以用many修饰。‎ ‎73.environmental→environmentally考查副词。修饰后面的形容词friendly所以用副词，所以用environmentally。‎ ‎74.去to考查介词。instead of是固定搭配，所以前面不用介词，所以去掉to。‎ ‎75.but→and考查连词。easy 和safe是并列关系，所以用and。‎ ‎76.if→when考查连词。根据句意可知当它行驶的时候噪音很少，所以用when。‎ ‎76.go后加at考查冠词。At a speed意思是以...速度，所以加at。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎2.【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中等六校教育研究会2016届高三第一次联考】 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who both work in the same office. They often walked together to and from work. Once they were walking to home together while it suddenly started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella and said proud, “My wife really has great foresight (先见之明). She said this morning would rain and tell me to carry my umbrella.” Dick smiled and walked up to him under the protection of the umbrella, said “Mine has even great foresight. She didn’t let me carry one as she knew you’d share yours to me.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71. neighbor —neighbors ‎72.walked —walk ‎ ‎73.去to ‎ ‎74.while —when ‎ ‎75.proud— proudly ‎76.在would前加it ‎77.tell —told ‎78.said —saying ‎79.great —greater ‎80.to —with ‎71. neighbor —neighbors 考查名词。主语Tom 和Dick是两个人，所以把neighbor改为neighbors。‎ ‎72.walked —walk 考查动词时态。根据上下文可知此处是介绍平时的情况，用一般现在时，把walked改为walk。‎ ‎73.去to 考查介词用法。Home是副词，前面不能用介词to，故把to去掉。‎ ‎74.while —when 考查连词。该句型为“be doing …..when”意思是“正在做某事，这时”故把while改为when。‎ ‎75.proud— proudly 考查副词。修饰动词said应该用副词形式，故把proud改为proudly。‎ ‎76.在would前加it 考查代词。从句当中缺少主语，指天气，用代词it。‎ ‎77.tell —told 考查动词时态。 And连接并列成分，根据一致的原则判断tell应该用过去式，故把tell改为told。‎ ‎78.said —saying 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语短语做状语，表示伴随，用现在分词，故把said改为saying。‎ ‎79.great —greater 考查形容词比较级。Even用来修饰比较级，故把great改为greater。‎ ‎80.to —with 考查介词。固定短语：share sth with sb“与某人分享”，把to改为with。‎ 考点：考查语法的运用能力 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考短文改错一般从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个方面进行考查。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言知识和发现错误、改正错误的能力。‎ 一、词法测试 词法的测试包括：冠词、名词（包括不可数名词、名词单复数和所有格）、动词（包括时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词等）、代词（人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等）等的用法；此外还有介词、连词、形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法等。‎ 例如：本题中的71. neighbor —neighbors（名词单复数错误）‎ ‎72.walked —walk（动词时态错误）‎ ‎73.去to （介词错误） ‎ ‎75.proud— proudly（副词错误）‎ ‎76.在would前加it （代词错误）‎ ‎77.tell —told （动词时态错误）‎ ‎78.said —saying （非谓语错误）‎ ‎79.great —greater （形容词比较级错误）‎ ‎80.to —with （介词错误） ‎ 二、句法测试 句法的测试包括：固定句型；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。‎ 例如：本题中的74.while —when （连词错误）‎ 三、行文逻辑的测试 语篇的测试一般包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。‎ ‎3.【宁夏回族自治区银川一中2016届高三上学期第五次月考】 短文改错 (共10分;每小题1分,满分10分) ‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2、只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。‎ On a later summer evening, my father and I was walking happily home. We have just had a big meal in a restaurant near our home. As we were walking slowly down the street, I told my father in a low voice, “What does the word ‘drunk’ mean? “That’s easy, boy,” said my father. “Do you see these two policemen over there? If I look at them, I see four instead two, and I’m drunk. Understand?” Hearing at this, I pretended to be puzzled, and said. “My God, and there are six policemen over there. Can’t you see?” My father looked at me in great surprised. “You are really drink, son.”‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1． later(late) ‎ ‎2．was (were)‎ ‎3． have(had) ‎ ‎4．told(asked) ‎ ‎5．these (those)‎ ‎6．instead (of)‎ ‎7．Hearing （去at） ‎ ‎8．and(but) ‎ ‎9．surprised(surprise). ‎ ‎10．drink(drunk)‎ ‎4told(asked) 考查上下文串联。根据下文“What does the word ‘drunk’ mean?这是我问父亲的一个问题，所以使用动词ask的过去式asked。‎ ‎5these (those) 考查代词。在英语中通常使用these指代距离较近的复数名词，使用those指代距离较远的名词。本句two policemen后面有over there修饰，可知表示那边的两个警察，距离较远。所以使用those修饰。‎ ‎6 instead (of) 考查固定短语。副词instead反而，反倒；短语instead of代替，而不是；句意：如果我看见他们，我看到了四个，而不是两个，那么我就喝醉了。‎ ‎7Hearing （去at） 考查动词。动词hear是一个及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要介词。所以本句中的介词at是多余的。句意：听到这句话，我假装很困惑。‎ ‎8 and(but) 考查连词。句意：听到这句话，我假装很困惑。但是我却说：我的天那，那边有6个警察。根据句意可知实际上我理解了父亲的话，但是我在和他开玩笑。上下文之间为转折关系。‎ ‎9surprised(surprise) 考查固定短语。短语in surprise惊讶地；这个介词短语在句中充当状语。句意：我的父亲惊讶地看着我，儿子，你已经喝醉了。‎ ‎10drink(drunk) 考查形容词。形容词drunk喝醉的；该形容词在句中和系动词are构成系表结构。句意：儿子，你已经喝醉了。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在高考短文改错中代词方面的错误也很多。 这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误，定语从句中多用代词等。‎ 例如：本文中“Do you see these two policemen over there?要把these 改成those。本题考查代词。代词these指代距离较近的复数名词，使用those指代距离较远的名词。本句two policemen后面有over there修饰，可知表示那边的两个警察，距离较远。所以使用those修饰。‎ 再如时态、语态方面的错误。这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如:   We have just had a big meal in a restaurant near our home. 在父亲和我步行回家之前，我们就已经吃过了大餐。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎4.【河南省洛阳市2016届高三12月统一考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ Last month, I, together with my parents,were invited to my uncle in the USA. My uncle，who moved America when I was five，had been living there for nearly ten years. He met us at the airport. I was excited while I set my foot on the land of America. In the following days，we visited some places of interests and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We both enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History because it great enriched our knowledge. For me，this is one of the most rewarded trips I have never made in my life.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.were → was ‎72.uncle → uncle’s ‎73.moved 后加 to ‎74.had → has ‎75.while → when ‎76.interests → interest ‎77.去掉front的the ‎78.both → all ‎79.great → greatly ‎80.never → ever ‎73.moved 后加 to考查介词。move to 搬家到…。句意：我的叔叔在我五岁时移居到美国。‎ ‎74.had → has 考查动词的时态。 for nearly ten years提示谓语动词用现在完成进行时has been living表示一直在那里住。‎ ‎75.while → when 考查连词。when 的意思是：当……的时候，在那时。句意：当我踏上美国的土地时 ，我很激动。‎ ‎76.interests → interest 考查固定搭配。places of interest 名胜。‎ ‎77.去掉front的the 考查冠词的用法。in the front of...在….的前部，in front of在….的前面，本句的意思是：在自由女神像前面拍照。the table in the front of the room 屋子的前面的一张桌子。‎ ‎78.both → all 考查代词。我和父母应该是三个人用all，both指两个都。‎ ‎79.great → greatly 考查副词。这里用副词greatly 修饰谓语动词enriched。‎ ‎80.never → ever 考查副词。句意：美国之行是我一生最值得称道的旅行。‎ ‎5.【山西省山西大学附属中学2016届高三12月月考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ A survey basing on 1,000 students found that half of the pupils and 80% of the middle school students sleeps less than nine hours every night. Too many homework given by school teachers and parents is the main reasons. Other reason lies in students’ bad habits. Some students, for example, are absent-minded while doing his homework, and some waste their after-class time. The third reason is because some students have to get up early on weekdays to get school far away from home. Experts are calling at schools and parents to cut down on the amount of homework. And students should make a good use of their time. And it would be better if they could choose to study in a nearby school.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. 第一句 basing改为based ‎ ‎2. 第一句 sleeps改为sleep ‎3. 第二句 many改为much ‎ ‎4. 第二句 reasons改为reason ‎5. 第三句 other改为Another ‎ ‎6. 第四句 his改为their ‎ ‎7. because---that ‎8. 第五句 get与school中间加to ‎ ‎9. 第六句 at改为on ‎10. 第七句 去掉a ‎ ‎3. 第二句 many改为much 考查形容词。名词homework家庭作业是一个不可数名词，不能使用many修饰，因为many修饰可数名词复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。句意：老师布置的太多的家庭作业是主要原因。‎ ‎4. 第二句 reasons改为reason 考查名词单复数。句意：老师布置的太多的家庭作业是主要原因。老师布置作业太多，这只是一个原因，所以使用单数形式。‎ ‎5. 第三句 other改为Another 考查形容词。句意：另外一个原因在于学生不好的习惯。形容词another另外一个，通常修饰单数形式。形容词other其他的，后面常常节复数名词。‎ ‎6. 第四句 his改为their 考查代词。本句的主语是some students，所以使用their指代some students。句意：例如，一些学生在做家庭作业的时候走神了。‎ ‎7. because---that 考查表语从句连词。句式：The third reason is that…第三个原因是….；不存在The reason is because…这样的结构。本句中that引导表语从句，在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已。‎ ‎8. 第五句 get与school中间加to 考查动词。当动词get表示“到达”的时候，是一个不及物动词，要接介词to，形成get to…到达某地。‎ ‎9. 第六句 at改为on 考查固定短语。短语call on号召；句意：专家正在呼吁学校和父母亲减少作业量。‎ ‎10. 第七句 去掉a 考查固定搭配。固定短语make use of利用；可以在use前面加形容词，use是一个不可数名词，不能使用a修饰。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎ ‎2015年模拟题 ‎1.【天津市河西区2015届高三下学期总复习质量调查（三）】6.He managed to reach the summit of his career, but it was at the ______ of his health.‎ ‎ A. consumption B. credit ‎ C. exhaustion D. expense ‎【答案】D 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎2.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】In March, cherry blossoms along the Dongyang River give the city an early _______ of spring.‎ A. scene B. sense C. theme D. taste ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词。A. scene场景；B. sense感知，感官；C. theme主题；D. taste品味。句意：在三月，东阳市河沿岸樱花给城市带来早期春天的味道。故选D。‎ 考点：考查名词。‎ ‎3.【江苏省淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】Puzzled by this strange natural phenomenon, the scientists started to explore every _______ they knew to figure it out.‎ A. impression B. intention C. avenue D. design ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考察名词。A.印象；B.意图；C.大道，途径，手段；D.设计；句意：因这个奇怪的自然现象所困惑，科学家开始尝试各种他们知道的方法去探索这个现象。故选C。‎ 考点：考察名词 ‎4.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】Over 100 passengers lost their lives in the recent air crash, which was a deadly to their families.‎ A. defeat B. challenge C. barrier D. blow ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎5.【江苏省南京市2015届高三第三次模拟】The International Monetary Fund has received both criticism and for its efforts to promote financial stability, prevent crises, facilitate trade, and reduce poverty.‎ A. worship B. credit C. argument D. privilege ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查名词。A. worship崇拜、尊敬；B. credit信用、信任、学分；C. argument论点、争论；D. privilege特权。句意：——国际货币基金组织在保持经济稳定、防止经济危机、增加贸易、减少贫困所做的努力中，他既被批评了也获得了信任。故选B 考点：考查名词 ‎6.【福建省泉州第五中学2015届高三5月模拟】Nowadays, it’s a challenge to protect your ______, for your personal information is everywhere. ‎ ‎ A. personality B. family C. identity D. right ‎ ‎【答案】C 试题分析：C考查名词。A.personality人格，个性；B.family家庭；B.identity身份；D.right正确，右面。句意：在如今这个你的个人信息会随便外泄的年代，保护好你的身份信息是一种挑战。根据对句意的理解可知此句中空缺部分是指身份，故选C。‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎ ‎7.【福建省宁德市2015届高中毕业班第二次质量检查】The exhibition provides a good ________ to learn about the crimes the Japanese soldiers committed in Nanjing.‎ A. choice B. detail C. basis D. opportunity ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点 : 考查名词辨析 ‎ ‎ 8.【安徽省“淮南一中 蒙城一中 颍上一中 怀远一中”四校2015届高三5月联考】 The Ice ‎ Bucket Challenge is a fund raising game, and it aims to raise ______ ofamyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症).‎ A. acquisition B. conscience C. awareness D. privilege ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词。句意：冰桶挑战是一个募捐活动，它的目的是为增加人们对ALS 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症的意识。 A. acquisition获得； B. conscience良心； C. awareness意识；D. privilege特权。根据句意可知选C。‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎ 9.【天津市和平区2015届高三下学期第四次模拟】The ______ a teacher has on children is usually greater than that of their parents.‎ A. use B. effort C. effect D. energy ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定搭配。have an effect on意为“对……产生影响，对……起作用”。句意为：老师对孩子的影响通常比父母对孩子的影响大。故选B。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎10.【四川省新津中学2015届高三考前最后模拟】—Many people say the growth ______ of GDP will slow down under the "new normal (新常态)". What's your opinion? ‎ ‎—To be honest, I'm not sure. ‎ A. risk B. range C. rate D. rank ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：risk 冒险；range 范围，系列；rate 速度，比率，等级；rank 军衔，阶层，等级，顺序。根据语境“很多人认为新常态下的GDP增长速度会缓慢下来”可知该处要用rate，故选C。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎11.【福建省永安市2015届高三下学期质检】The use of an alcohol breath test by the police greatly reduces the ____of drivers causing traffic accidents．‎ A．possibility B．pressure C．preference D．production ‎【答案】A 考点：考查名词 ‎12.【天津市第一中学2015届高三上学期月考】29.With the progress of the society, women all over the world have improved their social ______ and rights.‎ A. fabric B. status C. target D. burden ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：随着社会的进步，世界各地的女子已经提升了她们的社会地位和权力。fabric：织布，构造 status：地位，身份 target：目标，目的 burden：负担。根据语境故选B.‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎13.【江苏省南京市、盐城市2015届高三第一次模拟】28. Maury Brown of Forbes reports that Major League Baseball’s annual ________ for 2014 will top $9 billion.‎ ‎ A. allowances B. revenues C. rates D. Accounts ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析。A.津贴；B . [会计] 收入；税收；C.价格；[数] 比率；等级；D. 账目。句意：Maury Brownof Forbes 报道美国职棒大联盟2014年收入将超过90亿美元。故选B 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎14.【浙江省台州中学2015届高三上学期第三次统练】25. Her question was so difficult that I could hardly make any _______ of it at all.‎ A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. idea ‎【答案】C 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎15.【2015届浙江省重点中学协作体高三第一次适应性测试】9. The visit to the memorial of Jiaoyulu, a late model official who worked in Lankao in the 1960s was a _____ of Secretary Xi’s trip. ‎ A. highlight B. preparation C. destination D. preference ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】highlight“最有意思或最精彩的部分”句意为“去参观焦裕禄纪念馆是习主席视察中最精彩的部分”其他词不符合句意。‎ ‎16.【2015届湖北省孝感高中高三10月阶段性考试】22．You can have some ________ about what I have said, but you had better follow my orders as closely as possible.‎ A．arrangement B．reservation C．enthusiasm D．conscience ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】你可以对我的话有所顾虑，但是你最好严格遵守我的命令，have some reservation about：对……有顾虑。Arrangement 安排；enthusiasm 热心；conscience 道德；品德。‎ ‎17.【2015届湖北省孝感高中高三10月阶段性考试】21．The lead singer was ill and couldn’t sing that night, and her __________ didn’t perform well, which made the audience disappointed.‎ A．latitude B．substitute C．institute D．altitude ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：那天晚上领衔歌手生病无法演出，她的替补表现得也不好，这让观众很失望。 substitute意为“替换者；替补”，符合句意。attitude意为“态度”，institute意为“学会，协会；学院”，altitude意为“高度；海拔”‎ ‎【技巧点拨】词义辨析题的解题关键是正确翻译题干。‎ ‎18.【2015届安徽省“江淮十校”高三11月联考】23.Working hard is not a _______ of great success, but it is among the essential requirements. ‎ A. mark B. guarantee C. key D. signal ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】解析：句意：努力工作不是成功的保证，但它是成功的必要条件之一。A分数，记号；B保证；C钥匙，关键；D信号。根据题意选B。‎ ‎19.【2015届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次联考】23．You may be out of your parents’ _________but never out of their mind wherever you are.‎ A. sight B. sign C. sigh D. scene ‎【答案】A ‎20.【2015届浙江省温州市十校联合体高三上学期期初联考】16. Although dishonesty seems so common in recent years, people still believe that honesty will not go out of . ‎ ‎ A. style B. order C. balance D. shape ‎【答案】A ‎【答案解析】常常A. style风格；B. order命令；C. balance平衡；D. shape形状；句意：虽然这些年不诚实是非常普遍的，但人们仍然认为诚实永远不会落伍。Out of style 不时髦。‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. The teacher would take your school performance into when giving you an assessment.‎ ‎ A．concern B．account C．imagination D．thought ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：当给你评价的时候，老师会把你的学校表现考虑进去。A项意思为“关心”，B项意思为“考虑”，C项意思为“想象”，D项意思为“思考”。所以选择B。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎2. If you believe in the art of _________, you’ll find a solution that satisfies everybody.‎ A. command B. compromise C. competence D. commitment ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查名词辨析 ‎3. It’s supposed to be the end of the paperback(简装书) and the ______ of digital media, but some bookstores are surviving the Internet Age with surprising success.‎ ‎ A. deadline B. dawn C. dusk D. departure ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词的辨析。句意：这本该是平装书本的终结之时，数字媒体时代的到来之际。但是有些实体书店却在互联网时代中生存了下来，意外地获得了成功。A项表示＂截止日期＂；B项表示＂黎明，破晓；开端＂；C项表示＂黄昏＂；D项表示＂离开＂。此处使用的是＂dawn＂一词的引申含义＂开端，出现，到来＂，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎4. Chinese president Xi Jinpin said that China attaches great importance to ______ relations with the United Kingdom, and that deepening the China-U.K. relationship is the fundamental______ of both countries and people.‎ ‎ A. strengthening; benefits B. extending; profits ‎ C. expanding; interests D. developing; aspects ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词短语和名词用法。句意：中国国家主席习近平说中国非常重视发展与英国的关系，同时加深中英关系也是两国及其人们的根本利益所在。A项中的strengthen表示＂加强＂；B项中的extend表示＂延伸＂；C项中的expand表示＂扩张，发展＂；D项中的develop表示＂发展＂。对于第二空，A项中的benefits表示＂好处，益处＂；B项中的profits表示＂利润＂；C项中的interests表示＂利益＂；D项中的aspects表示＂方面＂，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查动词和名词 ‎5.Employees who have worked here for many years will be given _______ over newcomers.‎ A. strength B. preference C. sympathy D. reference ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：与新来乍到者不同，那些工作多年的雇员将被予以优待。preference“优待，优惠，优先权”。strength力量，长处；sympathy同情；reference涉及，参考。故选B项。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎6. On the We-chat, travelers always mix their feelings about their trips with descriptions of their experiences, offering viewers a(n) ______ for the imagination. I often feel as if I am actually traveling along with the writers.‎ ‎ A. account B. feast C. landscape D. principle ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎7. The witness’s story gained _______ with the police after more evidence was found.‎ A. respect B. support C. credit D. comfort ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：更多的证据被发现后，目击者所陈述的内容赢得了警方的信任。credit “信任，保证”。 respect尊敬；support支持；comfort安慰。故选C项。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎8.To regard all things and principles of things as inconstant modes or fashions has more and more become the ______ of modern thought.‎ A. insight B. foundation C. tendency D. core ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：将所有事物和事物的原则统统归结为经常变化着的形态或风尚， 这已日益成为近代思想的一个趋势。A项表示“洞察力，深刻见解”；B项表示“根基”；C项表示“趋势”；D项是“核心”之意，故选C项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查名词 ‎9. -- Do you know why Mary was so angry?‎ ‎ -- Her roommate opened the letter addressed to her out of____________.‎ ‎ A. convenience B. consideration ‎ C. concern D. curiosity ‎【答案】D 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎10. There is no denying that honesty will not go out of . Although dishonesty seems so common in recent years.‎ ‎ A. shape B. order C. balance D. style ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：无可否认的是，诚实将不会过时，虽然不诚实似乎在最近几年很普遍。A. shape形状，B. order命令，顺序，C. balance平衡，D. style风格，go out of style过时，所以选D。‎ 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎11. While many people see their cars as an _______ of their individual freedom, to me, owning a car is a burden, and living in the city is a double burden.‎ A. existence B. extension C. explanation D. expectation ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：许多人把他们的私家车当作是个人自由的延伸，我却把拥有私家车当成负担，而住在城市是双重负担。existence存在；extension伸展，延伸；explanation解释；expectation期待。由句意可知B正确。‎ 考点：名词辨析 ‎ ‎12. To be an excellent lecturer, you must be a clear speaker, with a strong and pleasing voice that is fully under your _______.‎ A. hand B. influence C. control D. authority ‎ ‎【答案】C 考点：名词辨析 ‎13. Tom asked me to make a _____ if I was serious about our relationship.‎ ‎ A. communication B. compromise C. commitment D. comprehension ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Tom要求我作出承诺如果我对我们之间的关系严肃的话。A项表示“交流”；B项是“妥协，折衷，让步”的意思；C项是“承诺，奉献”而D项是“理解”；故选C项适合。‎ 考点: 考查名词辨析 ‎14. One hundred percent _______ to your studies, though it can be lonely and no fun at all, will leave precious marks on your youth.‎ ‎ A. attention B. commitment C. reference D. reaction ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：百分百的致力于你的学习，尽管它可能会使你感到孤独和根本没有乐趣，但是它会在你的少年时期留下珍贵的印记。Commitment致力；attention注意力；reference参考；reaction反应，选B。‎ 考点：考查词义辨析 ‎15．Don’t try to persuade my parents；they won’t have the of forgiving me．‎ ‎ A．intention B．attention C．sense D．attraction ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:句意：不要设法说服我的父母；他们没有原谅我的倾向。此处intention意为：倾向。根据意思可知此处选A。‎ 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎16．She expressed ________to the teachers for helping her pass the College Entrance Examination.‎ A.passion B.affection C. devotion D.gratitude ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： passion热情；affection喜爱；devotion奉献；gratitude感激之情。句意：她向帮助她通过高考的老师们表达了感激之情。所以选D。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎17．Our government should shoulder the social ___________ to help people live a comfortable life.‎ ‎ A．possiblity B．attention C．responsibility D．attraction ‎【答案】C 考点：考查名词词义辨析。‎ ‎18．—How long did David work here?‎ ‎ —For half a year, he didn't leave much_______on us.‎ A. expression B. instruction C . conclusion D. impression ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查名词辨析。句意：--大卫在这里工作了多久？--半年，他没有给我们留下太深的印象。leave an impression on sb给某人留下印象。A表情；B指示，说明；C结论；D印象。故选D。‎ 考点：考查名词辨析 ‎19.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ________.‎ A.ability B.force ‎ C.strength D.mind  ‎20.Before the final examination,many students have shown ‎ of tension.Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).‎ A.anxiety B.marks C.signs D.remarks ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】sign表示“某种性质、状态的迹象，现象”；mark指能看得见的“痕迹，印记”；‎ anxiety和tension是同义词；remark为“评论，话语”。句意为：在期末考试前，许多学生表现出紧张的迹象，失眠并且没有胃口。此题考查在具体的上下文中名词的运用。‎ ‎21.Jason has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first_________ .‎ A.purpose B.desire C.attempt D.intention ‎22.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his________ was seen at its best when he worked with others. A.temper B.appearance ‎ C.talent D.character ‎23.It is said that dogs will keep you______for a8 long as you want when you are feeling lonely。‎ A．safety B．company C．house D ．friend ‎ ‎【答案】B