2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（63页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（63页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Working the land单元学案 Establishing a human colony on the Moon and travelling to Mars has been the stuff of dreams since the dawn of the space age. ‎ But these visions face many hurdles (障碍). How can humans survive for months or years in the ultrahostile (极端恶劣的) environment of space? What, for instance, will they eat?‎ Agricultural researchers at a Dutch university say they are taking the first steps towards providing an answer. ‎ They are growing vegetables in soils similar to those found on the Moon and Mars, looking for ways of helping space pioneers grow their own crops. “When people go to the Moon and Mars they also have to eat, and it's easiest for them to grow their own food，” said Wieger Wamelink, surrounded by several dozen plants in a special greenhouse at Wageningen, an agricultural university in central Netherlands. ‎ ‎“We wanted to use real Martian and lunar soil, to see if plants would actually grow in it，” Wamelink told reporters. ‎ Of course, getting real lunar and Martian potting soil is an impossible task. But an Internet search revealed an unlikely supplier: NASA. ‎ ‎“The US space agency makes ground similar to that on the Moon from sand found in an Arizona desert, while Mars' crimson ‘soil’ is scooped (舀；掏) from a volcano in Hawaii，” Wamelink told reporters. ‎ The first experiments started in 2013 after Wageningen received an order of 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of NASA's imitation “space soil” — at a hefty price of 2,000 euros (＄2,285). ‎ ‎“To work in this soil was very special. Nobody, not even NASA, could tell us what would happen, even just by simply adding water，” he said. The imitation ground at first was a little “reluctant” (勉强的) to absorb water, but soon turned out to be good potting soil.‎ ‎“Especially in the Martian soil, plants were growing very fast and very good. They even started to flower, something that we never anticipated (预料，预见)，” Wamelink said. ‎ Section_Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Prereading ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ A PIONEER① FOR ALL PEOPLE Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land② to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt③ face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, ④for whom he has struggled⑤ for the past five decades⑥. Yuan Longping grows what is called super⑦ hybrid⑧ rice⑨. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice⑩ that has a high output⑪. This special strain⑫ of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop⑬ in the same fields⑭. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China⑮ each year is from this hybrid strain.‎ Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice⑯ has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need ‎ for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger⑰ was a disturbing⑱ problem in many parts of the countryside. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding⑲ the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fiftysix million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests⑳ mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in the world. Yuan Longping is now circulating○21 his knowledge in India, Vietnam○22 and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to○23 his research, the UN has more tools in the battle○24 to rid the world of○25 hunger. Using his hybrid rice○26， farmers are producing harvests twice as large as○27 before.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①pioneer n．开拓者；先锋；先驱 ‎②work the land耕种土地 work在此处意为“管理，经营，耕种”，是及物动词。‎ ‎③sunburnt/'sʌnbɜːnt/adj.晒黑的 ‎④for whom he has struggled＝whom he has struggled for。‎ ‎⑤struggle/'strʌɡl/vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎⑥decade/'dekeId/n.十年；十年期 for the past five decades在过去的50年里，与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎⑦super/'sjuːpə/adj.特级的；超级的 常用来构成合成名词，如：supermarket“超市”，superman“超人”。‎ ‎⑧hybrid/'haIbrId/adj.混合的；杂种的 n．杂交种；混血儿 ‎⑨what is called super hybrid rice是what引导的宾语从句，what意为“……的东西；……的事情”。‎ ‎⑩动词不定式to grow rice作定语，修饰pioneer。‎ 当名词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，多用动词不定式作定语。‎ ‎⑪output/'aʊtpʊt/n.产量；输出(反义词：input)‎ ‎⑫strain/streIn/n.(植物的)品种；种类 ‎⑬crop/krɒp/n.庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎⑭makes it possible ...是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields。‎ ‎⑮过去分词短语produced in China作后置定语，修饰rice。‎ ‎⑯动名词短语finding ways to grow more rice在句中作主语，动词不定式短语to grow more rice作定语，修饰ways。‎ ‎⑰hunger/'hʌŋɡə/n.饥饿；欲望 vt.&vi.(使)饥饿 have a strong hunger for sth.有得到某物的强烈欲望 ‎⑱disturbing/dI'stɜːbIŋ/adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 ‎⑲expand/Ik'spænd/vt.&vi.使变大；伸展 ‎⑳过去分词increased作定语，修饰harvests。‎ ‎○21circulate/'sɜːkjʊleIt/vt.&vi.循环；流传 circulate knowledge传播知识 ‎○22Vietnam/ˌvjet'næm/n.越南(东南亚国家)‎ ‎○23thanks to幸亏；由于；因为 ‎○24battle/'bætl/n.战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗 ‎○25rid ...of使……摆脱或除去 rid/rId/vt.摆脱；除去 ‎○26现在分词短语Using his hybrid rice作原因状语。‎ ‎○27twice as large as ……的两倍大 造福全人类的先驱 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 尽管他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平认为自己是个农民，因为他在田间耕作，进行科学研究。的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样。过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。如今中国每年生产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。‎ 袁隆平于1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。年轻时，他就看到了对水稻增产的巨大需求。当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的一个严重问题。袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增加稻谷产量的途径。1950年，中国农民能生产大约五千六百万吨稻米，而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻米。这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅用世界7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。袁隆平现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with○28 his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom○29 to do his research. He would much rather○30 keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading○31. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means○32 very little to him○33. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore○34 gives millions of yuan to equip○35 others for their research in agriculture.‎ Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Yuan Longping had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum○36. Each ear of rice○37 was as big as an ear of corn and each grain○38 of rice was as huge as a peanut○39. He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people○40. Now, many years later, Yuan Longping has another dream: to export○41 his rice so that it can be grown around the globe○42. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.‎ ‎○28be satisfied with对……感到满意 ‎○29freedom/'friːdəm/n.自由；自主 ‎○30would rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎○31此处listening to ... playing ... swimming和reading均为enjoys的宾语。‎ ‎○32动名词短语spending money ...在句中作主语，谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎○33means very little to him对他来说意义不大 ‎○34therefore/'ðeəfɔː/adv.因此；所以；因而 ‎○35equip/I'kwIp/vt.&vi.配备；装备 ‎○36sorghum/'sɔːɡəm/n.高粱 ‎○37ear of rice稻穗 ear of corn 玉米穗 ‎○38grain/ɡreIn/n.谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎○39peanut/'piːnʌt/n.花生 ‎○40that could feed more people是that引导的定语从句，修饰a kind of rice。‎ ‎○41export/Ik'spɔːt/vt.&vi.输出；出口 ‎○42so that it can ...中，so that引导目的状语从句。‎ ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 袁隆平很满意他的生活。但是，他对成名并不在意。他觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、搓麻将、游泳和读书。在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对他来说意义也不大。事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。于是，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。‎ 然而，梦想是不花本钱的。很久以前，袁隆平曾梦见水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻米像花生米一般大。他从梦中醒来，希望能培育出一种能养活更多人的水稻。许多年后的今天，袁隆平还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻米可以出口以便长遍全球。一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．sunburnt 　 A．to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose ‎2．decade B．extremely good ‎3．expand C．to try extremely hard to achieve something ‎4．therefore D．to remove sth.that is causing a problem from a place, group, etc.‎ ‎5．equip E．brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun ‎6．export F．making you feel anxious and upset or shocked ‎7．rid G．to become larger in size, number or amount ‎8．super H．to send things to foreign countries for sale ‎9．disturbing I．as a result ‎10．struggle J．a period of ten years ‎11．statistic K．a job or profession ‎12．occupation L．a piece of information shown in numbers ‎1～5________　6～10________　11～12________‎ 答案：1～5　EJGIA　6～10　HDBFC　11～12　LK ‎ Leadin ‎1．What do you know about farming?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)plant　　　　　　(2)weed ‎ ‎ ‎(3)water (4)harvest ‎2．What kind of crops do you know?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)wheat (2)corn ‎ ‎ ‎(3)rice (4)carrot ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ ‎ Fastreading ‎1．What's the main idea of the passage?‎ Yuan_Longping's_achievements_in_farming.‎ ‎2．Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.‎ ‎(1)Paragraph 1　 A．Yuan Longping's brief life experiences.‎ ‎(2)Paragraph 2 B．Yuan Longping's dreams.‎ ‎(3)Paragraph 3 C．Yuan Longping's attitudes toward life.‎ ‎(4)Paragraph 4 D．Yuan Longping's achievements in the improvements on rice production.‎ ‎(1)～(4)　________________‎ 答案：(1)～(4)　DACB ‎ Carefulreading Read the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．From the first paragraph, we know that Yuan Longping________.‎ A．is a farmer B．looks like a farmer C．has a weak body D．is China's most famous scientist ‎2．The sentence “Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing” in the last paragraph means that ________.‎ A．one should have dreams B．one shouldn't have dreams C．one's wishes are easy to realize D．one wishes for things that cost nothing ‎3．From the text, we can conclude that ________.‎ A．60% of the rice grown in the world is from super hybrid rice B．Yuan Longping made a great contribution to the world in solving the hunger problem C．Yuan Longping leads a very comfortable life with his high income D．Yuan Longping has the habit of having dreams when ‎ sleeping ‎4．The following are all Dr Yuan's hobbies EXCEPT ________.‎ A．listening to violin music B．swimming and reading C．playing mahjong D．smoking and drinking ‎5．The whole passage mainly talks about________.‎ A．how to solve the world's hunger problem B．how to increase rice harvests C．Yuan Longping's achievements in farming D．Yuan Longping's daily life 答案：1～5　BABDC ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，句子主语为“his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body”， for whom为“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinese farmers。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样。过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。‎ ‎2．In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ ‎3．He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　他从梦中醒来，希望能培育一种能养活更多人的水稻。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A An average 30yearold person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30,000 meals to date. Even if you've only eaten half that much have to admit this: you've let some of that breakfast, lunch or dinner ‎ go to waste. And it turns out we're all to blame for this shaming fact: 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost. That's about 1.3 billion tons, according to a new report by the U．N. Food and Agriculture Organization.‎ That's the weight of more than 8.6 million fullgrown blue whales, the largest creatures on earth. That's the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s, the largest planes in existence. That's as if each person in China, the world's most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people, had one ton mass of food thrown into the dustbin. It's almost unfathomable,_isn't it?‎ Setting aside that big number, we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most. On average, a person in European and North American countries wastes between 95 and 115 kilograms of food. SubSaharan African, South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much, much less — between 6 and 11 kilograms per person.‎ Here's another statistic: all the food that the world's richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that subSaharan Africa produces. The numbers: 222 million tons and 230 million tons, respectively (分别地). Basically, the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent. And these numbers come as we've just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week.‎ And my own personal tip: if I eat at a restaurant and can't finish it all, I ask for a doggie bag. I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid. There's no reason to waste food. It's up to all of us to use our common ‎ sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。根据联合国粮农组织的一份报告，目前全球生产出来的30%的食物在消费过程中被浪费。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “unfathomable” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Possible to imagine.‎ B．Impossible to change.‎ C．Impossible to understand.‎ D．Possible to understand.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，每年浪费的食物的重量超过了860万头地球上最大的动物——蓝鲸的重量，也超过了230万架世界上现有的最大的飞机——空中客车A380的重量。这也好比在世界拥有超过13亿人的人口最多的国家——中国，人均向垃圾桶里倾倒一吨的食物。由此可推知这种现象使人难以理解。unfathomable意为“难以理解的；深不可测的”。‎ ‎2．It can be learned that the food the rich waste can support ________.‎ A．half the people in Europe B．most people of America C．most people of Asia D．most people of Africa 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Basically, the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.”可推知，富有的国家浪费的食物可以养活非洲大陆大部分地区的人。‎ ‎3．The author gave his personal tip based on the fact that ________.‎ A．he was once very poor B．he was once a farmer C．he once worked in a restaurant D．the price of food is very high 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.”可知，作者的建议是根据他曾是一个餐馆服务员的工作经历而给出的。‎ ‎4．What is the purpose of this article?‎ A．To show the author's opinion of food.‎ B．To let us live more wisely and not waste food.‎ C．To show the amount of wasted food a year.‎ D．To ask the richest countries to help African people.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And it turns out we're all to blame for this shaming fact: 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost.”和最后一段最后两句“There's no reason to waste ... and shop just a bit more wisely.”可推知，文章的写作目的在于让人们不要浪费食物，要更明智地生活。‎ B Looking for a few extra work hours or a new job? Many local businesses are on the lookout for help: just take a look along Divisadero street and you'll notice many “Help Wanted ” signs posted in windows. Here are a few of the jobs now hiring in the neighborhood.‎ Clerk at New StarEll Liquor New StarEll Liquor corner store has a “Help Wanted” sign in its window for someone to work a ‎ variety of tasks in the store. Stop by and talk to Sameer.‎ Host and Pizza Maker at Little Star Pizza Little Star Pizza is in need of a host for its Divisadero street location. No experience is necessary, but an excellent attitude is required. The payment is ＄12.25 an hour, plus tips. In addition, the restaurant is also in search for a pizza maker with 1—2 years experience. The job pays ＄15 or more an hour depending on experience, plus tips.‎ For more information on the host position and the pizza maker job, please click here.‎ Front of House and Back of House Positions at 4505 Burgers & BBQ If you're into brisket, burgers, and more, 4505 Burgers and BBQ is hiring for three positions. The front of house role includes taking orders, knowing the menu through and through, and ensuring that guests are happy. The salary is competitive, with paid time off after 90 days, and health insurance benefits after 60 days. You can email resumes using the email addresses in each Craigslist ad above.‎ Estimator and Body Technician at Lofrano's Auto Body Shop Right next door to 4505 Burgers & BBQ is an opportunity for those who are good at both math and cars. Lofrano is looking for an estimator with knowledge of the car industry as well as a qualified body technician. Applicants must be legally allowed to work in the USA, have a valid CA driver's license, and pass a drug and background screening. Benefits include 100 percent medical insurance, 401K Plan, paid time off and training paid by the shop. Interested individuals can apply online for either position.‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了沿着Divisadero大街可以看到的几则招聘广告。‎ ‎5．If you want to apply for a host in Little Star Pizza you should ________.‎ A．have the ability to perform several tasks B．have gained 1－2 years experience C．treat the customers friendly and kindly D．be skilled in managing a pizza shop 解析：选C　细节理解题。依据第三段的内容可知，Little Star Pizza招聘 host的条件是可以没有工作经验，但是要有一个极好的态度，故选C项。‎ ‎6．What do you know about Lofrano's Auto Body Shop?‎ A．The applicant can get a high and attractive salary.‎ B．It provides chances to train a qualified body technician.‎ C．The applicant can get health insurance for 90 days.‎ D．It is in need of an estimator knowing car industry.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。依据文章的最后一段可知，Lofrano's Auto Body Shop正在招聘一名了解汽车行业的评估师和一名取得执业资格的技术人员，故选D项。‎ ‎7．Where do the readers probably read the passage?‎ A．In a life magazine.‎ B．In an advertisement.‎ C．On the TV screen.‎ D．On the Internet.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。依据第四段的“please click here”可知，这是刊登在某一网站上的信息，因此选D。‎ C Guam is a beautiful, small island in the Pacific Ocean. You'll find happy songbirds, clear blue ‎ water, and leafy forest there. But the small island has a big problem: snakes. There are about 2 million brown tree snakes living in Guam.‎ The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s. They probably slipped (滑行) unseen onto ships and planes heading to Guam. Once there, the snakes laid eggs. Snake families grew. The snakes have no natural enemies to eat them on Guam. Soon, the island was covered with these snakes.‎ The brown tree snake has had a devastating effect. The snakes eat birds. There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island. But these snakes have killed off nine kinds of the birds. The snakes can grow to be 10 feet long. They often bite humans. They climb onto power lines and make the electricity go out. This causes millions of dollars in damage.‎ Scientists have tried many different ways to control the number of snakes. They have used snake traps and snakesniffing dogs. Nothing seemed to work. Nothing, that is, until they found a surprising secret weapon(武器): killer mice.‎ Scientists found out that there is one easy way to kill brown tree snakes. They could give them a medicine called Tylenol. People take Tylenol for headaches and other pains. Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.‎ But how would scientists get the tree snakes to eat Tylenol? They came up with a plan. First, the experts put the medicine into dead mice. Then they attached each mouse to a mini paper parachute (降落伞). Planes dropped the mice over Guam. The parachutes got caught in the trees. The mice became dinner for the snakes that live there.‎ Has it worked? So far, research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice. The worry is that it may be too late to clear the snakes, but Mr.Vice from Guam's Department of Agriculture says this should not stop the islanders from trying. “Our longterm goal is to kill the snake off completely，” he says.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。棕树蛇给关岛上的居民和动物带来严重的困扰。为了除掉它们，科学家使用了体内装有泰诺这种药物的死老鼠。‎ ‎8．What can we learn about the brown tree snakes?‎ A．They were shipped to Guam on purpose.‎ B．They were not native to Guam.‎ C．They were at risk in the 1940s.‎ D．They grew very slowly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s ... Snake families grew.”可知，棕树蛇是关岛的外来物种。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Magical. B．Damaging.‎ C．Shortterm. D．Interesting.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island ... This causes millions of dollars in damage.”可知，棕树蛇对关岛上的动物有毁灭性的影响。‎ ‎10．What was a more workable way to kill the brown tree snakes?‎ A．Letting them eat Tylenol carried by mice.‎ B．Putting Tylenol in the trees.‎ C．Bringing in their enemies.‎ D．Using snake traps.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree ‎ snake.”及第六段中的“experts put the medicine into dead mice”和最后一段中的“So far, research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.”可知，科学家在关岛上投放了大量的体内含有泰诺药的死老鼠，棕树蛇会把这些死老鼠当作食物吃掉，这样死老鼠体内的药物就会杀死这些蛇，这种方法有效地减少了棕树蛇的数量。‎ ‎11．What does Mr.Vice think of solving this snake problem?‎ A．He is proud of it.‎ B．He is hopeful of it.‎ C．He is doubtful about it.‎ D．He is unconcerned about it.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mr. Vice from Guam's Department of Agriculture ... ‘Our longterm goal is to kill the snake off completely，’he says”可知，Vice对消灭关岛上的棕树蛇抱有希望。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Make Friends with Neighbors Most people have neighbors where they live, whether it is in a house, a townhouse, or an apartment. You want to be friends with your neighbors, not enemies. Here are some tips to make that happen.‎ Get to know your neighbors. If you are the ones moving in and nobody has come to greet you, introduce yourself to your neighbors. __1__ If you see someone with a moving truck moving in, introduce yourself and offer to help. Take them a hometreat, such as cookies or bread, and welcome them to the neighborhood.‎ ‎__2__ Take a loaf of bread or a plate of cookies or brownies and wish them a Merry Christmas. You can make a little bag of candy to take to them and wish them a Happy Halloween.‎ Invite your neighbors to dinner or a barbecue. You can get to know them over a delicious meal. Don't ask them to bring anything. __3__ You can also invite your neighbor over to your house if you are watching a football, baseball, or other sports you think they might be interested in.‎ Be considerate to your neighbors.__4__ You don't want to be the annoying neighbors who have no consideration for others in the neighborhood. Keep your arguments within the walls of your house. Don't run outside yelling at one another, creating a huge scene. Nobody wants to know about your personal or family problems.‎ Let your children play together. Don't discourage your children from playing with your neighbor's children because of religion, race, or other petty things.__5__‎ A．Help out with yard work.‎ B．Wish them Happy Holidays.‎ C．If they offer, be gracious and accept it.‎ D．Go up to your neighbor's house and say hello.‎ E．If you see your neighbor working out in his or her yard, offer a helping hand.‎ F．Don't play super loud music in the early morning or after nine o'clock at night.‎ G．They will probably grow up together, so avoid creating enemies and make friends instead.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文，介绍了如何与邻居交朋友。‎ ‎1．选D　根据本段主题句：开始去结识你的朋友及空前一句：如果你是新搬来的，没有人跟你打招呼，那就向你的邻居介绍自己。故此处谈去邻居家主动打招呼。‎ ‎2．选B　根据下文，带面包或曲奇饼祝福朋友圣诞快乐，故此处作为主题句，谈论祝福邻居节日快乐的话题。‎ ‎3．选C　根据本段主题句：通过共进晚餐或一起吃烧烤可以增进与邻居的友谊。上文谈不要让他们带任何东西来，此处表示如果他们带来了要有礼貌的接受，与上文为转折对比关系。‎ ‎4．选F　根据本段主题句，要多为邻居着想，故此处以太早或太晚不要大声弹奏音乐，具体说明如何体谅邻居。‎ ‎5．选G　根据上文，让你家孩子跟邻居家孩子一起玩，故此处谈孩子们将很可能一起长大，成为朋友而不是敌人。‎ Section_Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading — Language Points ‎ ‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.statistic n．　　　　　　　统计；统计数字 ‎2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 ‎3.struggle vt.&vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎4.decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎5.super adj. 特级的；超级的 ‎6.output n. 产量；输出 ‎7.crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎8.expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展 ‎9.circulate vt.&vi. 循环；流传 ‎10.battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奋斗 ‎11.rid vt. 摆脱；除去 ‎12.freedom n. 自由；自主 ‎13.therefore adj. 因此；所以；因而 ‎14.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎15.nationality n. 国籍 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的 ‎2.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb vt.打扰；打乱 ‎3.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备 ‎4.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.输入；进口 ‎5.occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领；占用 1.statistic n．统计；统计数字 ‎[词块]　①statical table　　　　统计表 ‎②statical method 统计方法 ‎③statical survey 统计调查 ‎④statical test 统计检验 ‎⑤statical map 统计地图 ‎ 2.expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展 ‎[记法]　ex(出，出去)＋pand(扩散)→v.扩张，张开，发展 ‎[词块]　①expand vocabulary 扩大词汇量 ‎②expand influence 扩大影响 ‎③expand business 扩展业务 ‎④expand production 扩大生产 ‎3.sunburnt adj.晒黑的 ‎[联想]　“名词＋过去分词”构成的形容词一览 ‎①handmade　　　　　手工的 ‎②manmade 人造的 ‎③stateowned 国营的 ‎④schoolrun 校办的 ‎⑤heartfelt 由衷的 ‎4.export vt. & vi.输出；出口 ‎[记法]　ex(出)＋port(运)→输出；出口 ‎[词块]　①the chief exports 主要出口商品 ‎②grain exports 谷物出口 ‎③export cotton 出口棉花 ‎④export duties 出口税 ‎5.表示“因此”的多种表达：‎ ‎[联想]　①therefore　　②so　　③thus ‎④as a result ⑤hence ⑥as a consequence 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.struggle_for　　　为……而斗争(努力)‎ ‎2．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎3．rid_..._of 摆脱；除去 ‎4．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎5．care_about 关心；在乎 ‎6．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎7．rather_than 而不是 ‎8．with_the_hope_of 怀有……的希望 ‎9．care_for 喜欢；照顾 ‎10．make_a_difference 有关系；有影响 1.for the past five decades　　过去的五十年 ‎2．become the first agricultural pioneer in the world ‎ 成为世界上第一个农业先驱 ‎3．work the land 耕种土地 ‎4．in many parts of the countryside ‎ 在许多农村地区 ‎5．increase rice harvests 增加水稻产量 ‎6．circulate his knowledge 传播知识 ‎7．lead a comfortable life 过舒适的生活 ‎8．mean little to him 对他来说无意义 ‎9．export his rice 出口水稻 ‎10．love and care for his people 热爱和关心他的人民 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? ‎ 如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？ if so为省略句式，so替代上文内容，其否定式为if not。 Are you free after school? If_so,_let's go out for a meal. And if_not,_we will make it tomorrow.‎ 你放学后有空吗？如果有的话，我们一起去吃饭，如果不行的话，咱们就定在明天。‎ ‎2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。 名词被序数词修饰时，后面用不定式作定语。 You are the first person to_do_the_work so well.‎ 你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。‎ ‎3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。 it为形式宾语，其结构为“动词＋it＋宾补(adj.或n.)＋to do”。 His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.‎ 他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。‎ ‎4.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.‎ 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。 其结构为“倍数＋as ...＋as”句式。 The new teaching building in our school is twice_as_large_as the old one.‎ 我们学校的新教学楼是原来教学楼的两倍大。‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P10)Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.‎ 的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。‎ struggle n．& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 struggle against/with sb./sth.　 同……作斗争；与……抗争 struggle for sth. 为……而斗争 struggle on 挣扎着坚持下去 struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎①He has been struggling for success in his business.‎ 为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。‎ ‎②A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate.‎ 强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。‎ ‎③She is struggling to_bring (bring) up a family on a very low income.‎ 她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。‎ ‎④The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.‎ 那位年轻人努力挣扎着站起来同抢劫犯作斗争。‎ ‎2．(教材P10)At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.‎ 当时，饥饿是许多农村地区面临的一个严重问题。‎ hunger n．[U] 饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.渴求；渴望得到；(使)饥饿 ‎(1)die of hunger　　　　　　　　 死于饥饿 have a hunger for/after sth.hunger for/after sth. 渴望得到某物 hunger to do sth. 渴望做某事 ‎(2)hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 ‎①In some parts of Africa, there are still some children dying of hunger.‎ 在非洲的某些地区，仍有一些儿童死于饥饿。‎ ‎②He hungered to_get (get) that post.‎ 他渴望得到那个岗位。‎ ‎③Most actors have a hunger for/after success.‎ 绝大多数演员都渴望成功。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表达“渴望……”之意的短语还有：have a desire/thirst for, have an appetite for, be thirsty/eager for, long for, be anxious for等。‎ disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturb vt.　　　　　　　 打扰；弄乱；使不安 disturbed adj. 心神不宁的 disturbance n. 打扰 ‎①The news that I failed this time is quite disturbing.‎ 我这次失败的消息让人十分烦恼。‎ ‎②If you get up early, please don't disturb_your_father.‎ 如果你起床早，请不要打扰你的父亲。‎ ‎③He felt disturbed (disturb) when he heard his mother was ill.‎ 当他听说他母亲病了的时候，他感到心神不安。‎ ‎[语境串记]　They were all disturbed by the disturbing news, that is, the news disturbed all of them.‎ 他们都因这条令人不安的消息而深感不安，也就是说，这条消息使他们都感到不安。‎ ‎3．(教材P10)Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.‎ 袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增加稻谷产量的途径。‎ expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展 ‎(1)expand ... into ...　 把……扩展/发展成……‎ expand into ... 发展成/扩大成……‎ expand on sth. 细说(阐述)某事 ‎(2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩展 ‎①The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.‎ 村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。‎ ‎②The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.‎ 那位作者把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇。‎ ‎③He did not expand greatly on his statement.‎ 他未就他的声明多加解释。‎ ‎④The book is an expansion (expand) of a series of lectures given last year.‎ 这本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。‎ ‎[名师点津]　注意expand和extend 的区别。前者指向四面八方的扩大、扩张，后者指向某一方向的延伸。‎ ‎4．(教材P10)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.‎ 由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。‎ thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎①Thanks to your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time.‎ 多亏了你及时的帮助，我按时完成了工作。‎ ‎②Thanks to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled.‎ 因为糟糕的天气，比赛被取消了。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of等。‎ rid ...of使……摆脱或除去 be rid of　　　　　　　 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 ‎①She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on her parents.‎ 她在努力地摆脱对父母的依赖。‎ ‎②You should get_rid_of the bad habits.‎ 你应该改掉坏习惯。‎ ‎③He wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret.‎ 他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)在rid ... of ...短语中，rid为动词，后跟sb.或somewhere作宾语，指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。‎ ‎(2)类似rid ...of ...结构的短语还有：‎ ‎①rob sb. of sth.　　　　　　 抢劫某人某物 ‎②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ‎③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ‎④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 ‎⑤cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病 ‎5．(教材P10)Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.‎ 袁隆平很满意他的生活。‎ be satisfied with对……感到满意 ‎(1)be satisfied to do ...　　　　 对做……感到满意 ‎(2)satisfaction n. 满意；满足 to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是 ‎(3)satisfy v. 使满足；使满意 satisfy one's needs/demands 满足某人的需求 ‎(4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的 ‎①I'm not very satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence.‎ 我不太满意他对这个句子的解释。‎ ‎②To_her_satisfaction,_they dealt with the matter soon.‎ 令她满意的是，他们很快就处理了此事。‎ ‎③The old couple are_satisfied_to_live_in the countryside.‎ 这对老年夫妇乐意住在乡下。‎ ‎6．(教材P10)He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。‎ would rather宁愿；宁可 would rather (not) do ...　　　 宁愿(不)做……‎ would do ... rather than do ...would rather do ... than do ...prefer to do ... rather than do ... ‎ 宁愿……(而)不愿……；与其……倒不如……‎ would rather have done 本来想做……(而未实现)‎ would rather＋从句过去时(表示与现在或将来的事实相反)过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反) ‎①I would rather be mistaken than quarrel with him.‎ 我宁愿被误解，也不愿和他争吵。‎ ‎②I would_rather_stay_at_home reading than go swimming with my friends.‎ 我宁可待在家里看书，也不愿意和朋友一起去游泳。‎ ‎③I would rather have_left (leave) a note on her desk.‎ 我要是留张便条在她书桌上就好了。‎ ‎④I'd rather (that) you hadn't_told him about it that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没告诉他那件事。‎ ‎7．(教材P10)He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.‎ 于是，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。‎ equip vt.& vi.配备；装备 ‎(1)equip ... with ...　　 用……装备……‎ equip sb. for sth. 使某人具备某物 be equipped to do sth. 配有做……的装备(或条件)‎ be equipped with sth. 配有某物 be well/badly equipped 设备精良的/较差的 ‎(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)‎ ‎①Most parents want to equip their children with a good education.‎ 大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。‎ ‎②Every classroom in this modern school is_equipped_with a new computer.‎ 这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配备一台新电脑。‎ ‎③It's a modern, well (good) equipped hospital, and all its equipment (equip) is of high quality.‎ 这是一个现代的、装备精良的医院，所有的设备都具有较高的质量。‎ ‎[名师点津]　equipment为不可数名词，如：office equipment办公设备；sports equipment运动器材；a piece of equipment一件设备。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?‎ 如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？‎ ‎(1)if so 为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”， if 用作连词， so 用来代替上文内容，以避免重复。if not 为 if so 的否定形式。‎ ‎①Will you get a free evening next week? If so, let's have a dinner.‎ 下周你会有一个晚上的空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。‎ ‎②Is everybody feeling cold? If_not,_let's open the window.‎ 大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。‎ ‎(2)其他类似的省略结构：‎ if necessary 　　　　　　　 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 ‎③If_necessary,_you can turn to me for help.‎ 必要的话，你可以向我求助。‎ ‎④Please try to find out the differences between the two words. If_any,_speak it out.‎ 试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。‎ ‎2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。‎ ‎ 句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。it作形式宾语的主要用法是用于“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构中。‎ ‎“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”中的6123结构：‎ ‎●6指常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；‎ ‎●1指形式宾语it；‎ ‎●2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词；‎ ‎●3指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、宾语从句。‎ ‎①Do you think it necessary to say a few words at the meeting?‎ 你认为有必要在会上讲几句话吗？‎ ‎②I find it no use advising (advice) him to give up smoking.‎ 我发现建议他戒烟是没有用处的。‎ ‎③I must make it clear that I'll always support you.‎ 我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。‎ ‎3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.‎ 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。‎ ‎“twice as large as ...”为倍数表达法。‎ 倍数的表达法：‎ ‎(1)．.. 倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as ...‎ ‎(2)．.. 倍数＋比较级＋than ...‎ ‎(3)．.. 倍数＋the＋名词(size, length，width, height, weight ...)＋of ...‎ ‎(4)．.. 倍数＋what从句 ‎①This building is five times as high as that one.‎ 这座楼是那座楼的五倍高。‎ ‎②People's average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.‎ 人们的平均收入几乎是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎③The newlybroadened square is four_times_the_size_of the previous one.‎ 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。‎ ‎④The number of the students in our school is three_times_larger than theirs.‎ 我们学校学生的人数是他们学校学生人数的三倍。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He makes it a rule to_take (take) part in some physical labor though he is old.‎ ‎2．Are you right? If so,_I will agree with you.‎ ‎3．A great number of people are going hungry and hundreds of children have died of hunger. (hungry)‎ ‎4．Disturbing (disturb) news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.‎ ‎5．The tree is four times taller (tall) than that one.‎ ‎6．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.‎ ‎7．Dina, having_struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎8．The small store eventually expanded into a supermarket.‎ ‎9．Thanks to your inspiration, I am successful.‎ ‎10．Having rid the company of the heavy debts, the manager smiled with satisfaction (satisfy)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 expand into， thanks to， rid ...of ...， be satisfied with， would rather， equip ...with， struggle with/against， have a hunger for ...‎ ‎1.His company has_expanded_into a big one after ten years of hard work.‎ ‎2．All rooms are_equipped_with video cameras in the office building.‎ ‎3．The poor girl has been struggling_with/against cancer for two years.‎ ‎4．The little boy has_a_hunger_for progress in math which is poor compared to other subjects.‎ ‎5．It's not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.‎ ‎6．I am not satisfied_with your work; you must improve it.‎ ‎7．Nowadays many teenagers would_rather get advice from strangers online.‎ ‎8．We've collected ＄50,000 for the poor, thanks_to the generosity of the public.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Our foreign trade has expanded (扩大) during recent years.‎ ‎2．The average output (产量) of the factory is reduced to 30 cars a day.‎ ‎3．The children got sunburnt (晒黑的) from a day on the beach.‎ ‎4．He was equipped with detailed knowledge and therefore (因此) was chased by major companies.‎ ‎5．She is old enough to have the freedom (自由) to do what she likes.‎ ‎6．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎7．This disturbing (令人不安的) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.‎ ‎8．We should equip (配备) our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.‎ ‎9．It is a struggle (困难) for me to rid myself of my fears.‎ ‎10．—What is your nationality (国籍)?‎ ‎—Chinese. But now I live with my son's family in the US.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．This river is twice as longer as that one.longer→long ‎2．They're satisfied with the satisfied performance.第二个satisfied→satisfying ‎3．Further measures will be taken to rid our streets off crime.off→of ‎4．He was disturbing to learn that his child was ill.disturbing→disturbed ‎5．Knocked down by a bike, he was badly hurt and had to struggle on his feet.on→to ‎6．Is everybody feeling tired? If so, let's carry on our conversation.so→not ‎7．He made clear what he intended to do.made后加it ‎8．The little girl has a strong hunger of knowledge.of→for ‎9．I would rather not to let him know the truth.去掉to ‎10．He is always the first to come and the last leave.leave前加to Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．We must try every way to rid_our_company_of_these_debts.‎ 我们要想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。‎ ‎2．During childhood, he led a hard life and had some_disturbing_experiences.‎ 在童年时代，他过着艰苦的生活，有着一些令他不安的经历。‎ ‎3．To_their_satisfaction,_their son made great achievements.‎ 令他们感到满意的是，他们的儿子取得了重大成就。‎ ‎4．The village expanded_into_a_town.‎ 这个村庄发展成了一个城镇。‎ ‎5．The couple hungered_to_be_respected and led a normal life.‎ 这对夫妇渴望得到尊重，过正常的生活。‎ ‎6．Rather_than take a bus, I would_walk there.‎ 与其坐公共汽车去，我还不如走着去那里。‎ ‎7．I made_it_clear_to_you_that you should behave yourself at the party.‎ 我明确向你表示过，在聚会上你应该举止得体。‎ ‎8．Your education will equip you for your future life.‎ 你所受的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。‎ Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Dr Yuan Longping, one of China's most famous scientists, has made great 1.achievements (achieve) in agriculture both at home and abroad.Born into a poor farmer's family, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953, 2.when many parts of the countryside were short of food.To solve the problem, Dr Yuan struggled 3.to_find (find) a new way to improve harvests without 4.expanding (expand) the area of the fields.Through many years of hard work, Dr Yuan developed 5.what is called “super hybrid rice” in 1974.He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 6.to_grow (grow) rice that has a high output.He has also circulated his knowledge to some other countries. Thanks 7.to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Dr Yuan is 8.satisfied (satisfy) with his life but he would like to have more time to do his research 9.freely (free). Famous as he is, Dr Yuan wants to lead a simple life and has a dream to export his rice so that it can 10.be_grown (grow) around the world.‎ Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达 他是一位农业方面的科学家，使十亿多人免于饥饿。他很小的时候就宁愿(would rather)待在自家的农场里研究庄稼。那时候，饥饿是一件令人烦恼的(disturbing)事情。因此(therefore)，他决定使人们摆脱(rid ... of)饥饿。为与饥饿作斗争(struggle)，他帮助穷人提高农作物产量(output)。由于他的努力，墨西哥的小麦产量大有提高，并且出口(export)到别的国家。由此，他因在与饥饿作斗争中所做出的贡献而获得了诺贝尔和平奖。‎ He_was_an_agricultural_scientist_who_kept_as_many_as_one_billion_people_free_from_hunger.He_would_rather_stay_on_his_family_farm_studying_crops_when_he_was_very_young,_and_at_that_time,_hunger_was_a_disturbing_problem.Therefore_he_was_determined_to_rid_people_of_hunger.He_helped_poor_people_improve_the_output_of_their_crops_to_struggle_against_hunger.Thanks_to_his_effort,_Mexico_increased_its_wheat_output_and_exported_wheat_to_other_countries.As_a_result,_he_won_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_for_his_contributions_towards_struggling_against_hunger.‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 Farming and Gardening Agriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom __1__ by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China's early __2__ scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing __3__ into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the __4__ of farmers.‎ Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and __5__. It includes advice on the following __6__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also __7__ for making wine. Jia Sixie's book is a(n) __8__ guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and __9__ young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __10__ will be better. But if you __11__ nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The __12__ of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __13__. If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __14__ weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to __15__ the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers __16__ the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __17__ in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will __18__ good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with __19__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __20__ that planting wheat close together is better.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文和说明文的结合。主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。‎ ‎1．A.discovered　　　　　　　 B．recovered C．reported D．repeated 解析：选A　从词语和搭配考虑，此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。wisdom后的__1__ by early Chinese scientists是过去分词短语作定语。‎ ‎2．A.industrial B．agricultural C．cultural D．article 解析：选B　根据常识或上下文可知，贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家，故选agricultural。‎ ‎3．A.search B．research C．experiment D．movement 解析：选B　do research into为固定搭配，意为“进行……的研究”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.adventures B．advantages C．tradition D．experience 解析：选D　learn from the experience of farmers表示“学习农民的(耕作)经验”，符合语境需要。‎ ‎5．A.nursing B．gardening C．produce D．trade 解析：选B　由本文的标题和第一段第二句推断可知，选gardening。‎ ‎6．A.programs B．topics C．subjects D．events 解析：选C　从语境来看，本句的下文介绍一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject“科目，课题”。‎ ‎7．A.instructions　　　　　　　B．constructions C．measures D．treasures 解析：选A　此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”，选instructions，其他选项与句意不符。‎ ‎8．A.economical B．practical C．similar D．regular 解析：选B　practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。economical“经济的，节省的”；similar“相似的”；regular“有规律的”，均与句意不符。‎ ‎9．A.drop B．increase C．grow D．throw 解析：选C　grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”，其他选项没有“种植”之意。‎ ‎10．A.dreams B．ending C．hope D．results 解析：选D　result与前文的work相对，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。‎ ‎11．A.argue against B．go against C．compete with D．deal with 解析：选B　go against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合句意。‎ ‎12．A.application B．situation C．condition D．addition 解析：选C　the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况/条件”。‎ ‎13．A.successfully B．carefully C．gradually D．frequently 解析：选B　前句指出土壤状况重要，本句说明要细心、仔细检查土壤，因此选carefully。‎ ‎14．A.remove B．pull C．kill D．reduce 解析：选A　从词语搭配考虑，本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。‎ ‎15．A.destroy B．prevent C．divide D．limit 解析：选A　让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。‎ ‎16．A.keep B．improve C．manage D．change 解析：选D　从下句中“do not plant rice __17__ in the same field”可知庄稼要换着种，因此选change。‎ ‎17．A.one after another B．here and there C．now and then D．year after year 解析：选D　year after year“年复一年”，意为“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。‎ ‎18．A.win B．collect C．harvest D．plant 解析：选C　本句意在表达“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。‎ ‎19．A.holes B．lines C．space D．balance 解析：选C　从词语搭配考虑，本句指的是“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，而非留有线、洞或平衡，因此选space。‎ ‎20．A.showed B．meant C．intended D．decided 解析：选A　前面有Jia did experiments，因此后面是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I was often laughed at my classmates before I turned 14 because I was always very nervous when talking to someone. Helpful and sad, I felt that I could do nothing. You can not imagine what great difficulty I have in my life. And later, something happened, what changed my life completely. It was an English speech contest and my mother encouraged me to take a part in it. I tried my best to remember the whole speech “Believe in yourself” and practiced them over 100 time. Believing it or not, I finally won first prize. Hearing the cheers from the teachers and students, I stood here, with my eyes full of excited tears.‎ 答案：第一句：my前加by 第二句：Helpful→Helpless 第三句：have→had 第四句：And→But; what→which 第五句：去掉a 第六句：them→it; time→times 第七句：Believing→Believe 第八句：here→there Section_Ⅲ Grammar— 动词ing形式作主语和宾语 ‎ ‎ 语法图解 ‎ ‎ 探究发现 ‎①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.‎ ‎②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.‎ ‎③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.‎ ‎④However, he doesn't care about being famous.‎ ‎⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading.‎ ‎⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.‎ ‎⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.‎ ‎⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.‎ ‎⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry.‎ ‎⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作动词宾语的是⑤；作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。‎ ‎(2)⑨句中为动名词的复合结构作主语。‎ ‎(3)⑩句中it作形式主语。‎ ‎ ‎ 概念：动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。‎ 动词ing形式的时态和语态：‎ ‎　　语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。‎ 一、动词ing形式作主语 ‎1．动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。‎ Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.‎ 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。‎ Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.‎ 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。‎ To lie to her is wrong.‎ 对她撒谎不对。‎ ‎(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.‎ 对于老人来说爬山确实困难。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全句子 ‎①Playing_with_fire is dangerous.‎ 玩火危险。‎ ‎②Be careful！To_play_with_fire will be dangerous.‎ 小心点！玩火会带来危险。‎ ‎③Swimming_is_a_good_sport in summer.‎ 夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。‎ ‎2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。‎ 此类句式常见的有：‎ It's a waste of time doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 做某事是浪费时间 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.‎ ‎ 做某事没用/是值得的 It's no good/use/fun doing sth.‎ ‎ 做某事没用/没意思 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.‎ 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。‎ It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.‎ 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.‎ ‎②It is worthwhile reading (read) such a wonderful novel.‎ ‎③(上海高考改编)It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.‎ ‎3．当句型“There is no ...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词ing形式作主语。‎ There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse.‎ 不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。‎ There is no joking about such matters.‎ 这种事开不得玩笑。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　翻译句子 ‎①不能说出他要做什么。‎ There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.‎ ‎②和他不能开玩笑。‎ There_is_no_joking_with_him.‎ 二、动词ing形式作宾语 ‎1．作动词的宾语 常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：‎ 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)‎ 建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)‎ 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help)‎ 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)‎ 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)‎ 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)‎ Would you mind opening the window?‎ 你介意打开窗子吗？‎ I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.‎ 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。‎ He tried to avoid answering my questions.‎ 他试图对我的问题避而不答。‎ ‎2．作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。‎ He insisted on doing it in his own way.‎ 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。‎ ‎[即时演练4]‎ ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(2016•浙江高考改编)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students.‎ ‎②I often practise listening (listen) and speaking (speak)．‎ ‎③The boy was lucky to escape being_punished (punish)．‎ ‎④We don't allow diving (dive) in the pool.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①It is useful for someone who is trying to give_up_smoking.‎ 这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。‎ ‎②I have never dreamed_of_visiting_that_place.‎ 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。‎ ‎③(陕西高考改编)It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going_for_a_swim?‎ 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？‎ ‎3．在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。‎ They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.‎ 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。‎ ‎4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。‎ He preferred staying in the house when it rained.‎ 下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)‎ I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.‎ 今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)‎ ‎[即时演练5]　对比填空 He likes swimming but he doesn't like to_swim this afternoon. (swim)‎ ‎5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：‎ 动　词 宾语的形式 意　义 forget to do 忘记做……‎ ‎ doing 忘记做过……‎ remember to do 记着要去做……‎ ‎ doing 记得做过……‎ regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……‎ ‎ doing 后悔做了……‎ try to do 尽力做……‎ ‎ doing 尝试做……‎ mean to do 打算做……‎ ‎ doing 意味着……‎ go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)‎ ‎ doing 接着做(同一件事)‎ stop to do 停下来去做……‎ ‎ doing 停止做……‎ Please remember to give my best regards to your family.‎ 请记着代我向你的家人问好。‎ I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.‎ 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。‎ ‎[即时演练6]‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①I mean to_change (change) it for another one.‎ ‎②(安徽高考改编)I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to_turn (turn) off the lights.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①I remember_to_mail the letter but forget_to_buy the stamp.‎ 我记得要去寄信可忘了买邮票了。‎ ‎②Missing the train means waiting_for_another_hour.‎ 误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。‎ ‎6．下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。‎ need/want/require/deserve doing ‎＝ need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.‎ 这辆自行车需要修一下。‎ ‎[即时演练7]‎ ‎(1)一句多译 ‎①这个问题值得讨论。‎ ‎→The_question_deserved_discussing.‎ ‎→The_question_deserved_to_be_discussed.‎ ‎②这个窗户需要清扫了。‎ ‎→The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.‎ ‎→The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more_work_needs_doing/to_be_done (有很多工作要做) to achieve the final success.　‎ 三、动词ing形式的否定形式 动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。‎ You have no excuse for not going.‎ 你没有理由不去。‎ He was punished for not having finished his homework.‎ 他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。‎ ‎[即时演练8]　补全句子 ‎①Excuse me for my_not_coming_on_time (我没能按时来)．　‎ ‎②I'm sorry for not_having_kept_my_promise (没有遵守承诺)．‎ 四、动词ing形式的复合结构 动词ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：‎ ‎①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing ‎②名词所有格＋动词ing ‎③代词宾格＋动词ing ‎④名词＋动词ing Her coming to help encouraged all of us.‎ 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。‎ The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.‎ 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。‎ Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?‎ 你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)动词ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。‎ ‎(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。‎ Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.‎ 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。‎ Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?‎ 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？‎ ‎[即时演练9]　用动词ing形式的复合结构补全句子 ‎①His_father's_being_ill made him worried.‎ 他父亲病了，使他很担心。‎ ‎②Your_being_right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.‎ 你正确未必就意味着我错了。‎ ‎③We are looking forward to Jay_Chou's/Jay_Chou_coming to give us a concert.‎ 我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building (build) a strong roof over the top.‎ ‎2．There is no use keeping (keep) silent about such a matter.‎ ‎3．His not_getting (not get) to the station on time made everyone worried last week.‎ ‎4．The teacher told the students to stop writing (write) and to_listen (listen) to him.‎ ‎5．He succeeded in persuading (persuade) her to do the job.‎ ‎6．Seeing the funny scene, I can't help laughing (laugh)．‎ ‎7．I regret to_tell (tell) you that my sister regrets making (make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.‎ ‎8．The book is worth reading (read) a second time.‎ ‎9．We are looking forward to hearing (hear) from Mr Li.‎ ‎10．The windows haven't been cleaned for a long time. They need cleaning/to_be_cleaned (clean)．‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．I regret_to_tell you that your mother is badly ill, but you needn't regret_leaving her alone.‎ 很遗憾你母亲病得很重，但你不需要为留下她独自一人而后悔。‎ ‎2．Many people have suggested setting_up_more_rules to protect animal rights.‎ 很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。‎ ‎3．If the TV should need_repairing/to_be_repaired,_please let me know as soon as possible.‎ 如果这台电视需要修理的话，请尽快通知我。‎ ‎4．It is difficult to imagine his_accepting_the_decision without any consideration.‎ 很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。‎ ‎5．His_getting_up_late_in_the_morning made him late for the class.‎ 他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。‎ ‎6．It's_fun_spending_the_holiday at the beach.‎ 在海边度假很有趣。‎ ‎7．We are busy (in)_preparing_for_the_coming_exam.‎ 我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。‎ ‎8．Tom's_being_so_careless caused so much trouble.‎ 汤姆这么粗心，惹来了不少麻烦。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 I crossed the street to avoid __1__ (meet) him, but he saw me and came __2__ (run) towards me. __3__ was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy __4__ (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on __5__ (come) with you. I had to think of a way to prevent him from __6__ (follow) me around all morning.‎ ‎“Hello, Nigel，” I said. “Fancy __7__ (meet) you here！”‎ ‎“Hi, Elizabeth，” Nigel answered. “I was just wondering how to spend the morning — until I saw you. You're not busy __8__ (do) anything, are you？”‎ ‎“No, not at all，” I answered. “I'm going to ...”‎ ‎“Would you mind my __9__ (come) with you？” he asked, before I finished __10__(speak)．‎ ‎“Not at all，” I lied, “but I'm going to the dentist.”‎ ‎“Then I'll come with you，” he answered. “There's always plenty to read in the waiting room！”‎ 答案：1.meeting　2.running　3.It　4.meeting　5.coming ‎6．following　7.meeting　8.doing　9.coming　10.speaking Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ CHEMICAL① OR ORGANIC② FARMING?‎ Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers③ has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production④. Recently, however, scientists have been finding⑤ that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.‎ What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers⑥？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria⑦ and pests⑧ as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up⑨ in people's bodies over time⑩. Many of these chemicals can lead to⑪ cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers⑫ usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition⑬. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals⑭.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①chemical/'kemIkl/adj.化学的；关于化学的 ‎②organic/ɔː'ɡænIk/adj.有机的；器官的；组织的 organic farming 有机耕作 ‎③fertilizer/'fɜːtIlaIzə/n.肥料；化肥 chemical fertilizer 化肥 ‎“over the past＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语using chemical fertilizers作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎④production/prə'dʌkʃn/n.生产；制造 to stop ... production为不定式短语作way的定语。‎ ‎⑤have been finding是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。‎ ‎⑥过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。‎ ‎⑦bacteria/bæk'tIərIə/n.(bacterium/bæk'tIərIəm/的复数形式)细菌 ‎⑧pest/pest/n.害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎⑨build up逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎⑩over time 随着时间的推移 ‎⑪lead to(＋n./pron.)导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎⑫过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语。‎ ‎⑬nutrition/njuː'trIʃn/n.营养；滋养；食物 ‎⑭mineral/'mInərəl/n.矿物；矿石 化学耕作还是有机耕作？‎ ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿物质。‎ With these discoveries⑮， some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on⑯ keeping their soil⑰ rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces⑱ disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in⑲ minerals and so more fertile⑳. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from○21 chemicals.‎ Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile○22. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans○23. Crops such as peas of soybeans○24 put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops○25 such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. ‎ Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, ○26planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots○27. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: ○28to grow good food and avoid damaging○29 the environment or people's health.‎ ‎⑮discovery/dI'skʌvərI/n.发现；发觉 ‎⑯focus on(＝concentrate on)集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎⑰soil/sɔIl/n.土壤 ‎⑱reduce/rI'djuːs/vt.减少；减缩 ‎⑲be rich in富含……；……的含量高 ‎(反)be poor/low in ……的含量低；缺乏……‎ ‎⑳fertile/'fɜːtaIl/adj.肥沃的；富饶的 ‎○21keep ...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎○22动词不定式短语to keep the soil fertile作目的状语；keep是使役动词，这是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎○23现在分词短语growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans作状语。‎ ‎○24soybean/'sɔIbiːn/n.(＝soyabean)大豆 ‎○25现在分词短语making it ready for crops ...作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果，这里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。‎ ‎○26现在分词短语planting ...作状语；两个that都引导定语从句，分别修饰peanuts和vegetables。‎ ‎○27root/ruːt/n.根；根源 ‎○28动词不定式短语to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health说明goal的内容。‎ ‎○29avoid doing sth.避免做某事 ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民经常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米或小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作的农民喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，并且避免损害环境或者人们的健康。‎ ‎ ‎ Step 1　Read the text quickly and then match each paragraph with its main idea.‎ ‎1．Para. 1　A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.‎ ‎2．Para. 2　B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming ‎3．Para. 3　C．Long term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people's health.‎ ‎4．Para. 4　D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.‎ ‎1～4　________________‎ 答案：1～4　CABD Step 2　True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．Organic farmers prefer using natural waste from animals and chemical fertilizers.(　　)‎ ‎2．Using natural waste makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.(　　)‎ ‎3．Using organic farming methods is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people's health.(　　)‎ ‎4．Using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming over the past half century.(　　)‎ ‎5．Chemical fertilizers only kill harmful bacteria and pests.(　　)‎ 答案：1～5　FTTTF Step 3　Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________.‎ A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers B．grow crops with natural fertilizers C．produce organic fertilizers D．care for the environment ‎2．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________.‎ A．it's not good to plant grass between crops B．peanuts use the surface of soil C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil ‎3．Farmers ________ so that the soil may not get exhausted.‎ A．grow the same crops year after year B．use natural fertilizers C．change crops every few years D．use chemical fertilizers ‎4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?‎ A．3.　　　　　　　　　　 B．4.‎ C．5. D．6.‎ 答案：1～4　BBCB ‎ ‎ ‎ 　对应学生用书P35‎ 一、这样记单词 记得准•写得对 记得快•记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1．bacteria n．　　　　　　　细菌 ‎2．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎3．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎4．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎5．soil n. 土壤 ‎6．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎7．root n. 根；根源 ‎8．skim vt. 浏览；略读 ‎9．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎10．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n．困惑；混乱 ‎2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的→regretfully adv.遗憾地；痛惜地 ‎3．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学 ‎4．mineral n．矿物；矿石→mine n．矿；矿山 ‎5．production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产；制造→producer n．生产者；制片人 ‎6．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现→discoverer n．发现者 ‎7．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结；概括 1.pest n．害虫 ‎[记法]　拍死它(pest汉语谐音)→害虫 ‎[联想]　动物“四害”‎ ‎①mouse　　老鼠　　②cockroach　　蟑螂 ‎③fly 苍蝇 ④mosquito 蚊子 ‎2．reduce vt.减少 ‎[记法]　re(回)＋duc(引)→向后引→退缩→缩减 ‎[词块]　①reduce the speed　　　　　减速 ‎②reduce air pollution 减少空气污染 ‎③reduce sharply 锐减 ‎④reduce greatly 大大减少 ‎[同义]　 decrease v. 减少 ‎[反义]　 increase v. 提高 ‎3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 ‎[近义]　①puzzle v. 迷惑 ‎②mix v. 混合 ‎[反义]　clarify v. 澄清 ‎4．summary n．总结；摘要 ‎[记法]　summ(总记)＋ary(名词后缀)→总结 ‎[词块]　①a news summary 新闻摘要 ‎②in summary 总的看来 ‎[联想]　①digest n. 摘要 ‎②survey n. 调查 ‎③outline n. 大纲，概要 ‎④review n. 评论 ‎5．“v.＋y”构成的名词 ‎①discovery 发现 ‎②delivery 递送 ‎③treaty 条约 ‎④robbery 抢劫，盗窃 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.cause_damage_to　　　给……造成损害 ‎2．wash_off 将……洗掉；洗净 ‎3．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎4．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ ‎5．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎6．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎7．in_addition 另外 ‎8．turn_to 转向；向……求助 ‎ ‎9．every_few_years 每(隔)几年 1.confuse the students　　　　让学生迷惑 ‎2．scientific methods of farming 科学的耕作方法 ‎3．over the past half century 在过去的半个世纪里 ‎4．chemical fertilizers 化学肥料 ‎5．organic farming 有机耕作 ‎6．keep their soil rich and free of disease ‎ 让土壤肥沃并免受病害 ‎7．help crops grow strong and healthy ‎ 有助于农作物茁壮成长 ‎8．prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil ‎ ‎ 防止水土流失 ‎9．avoid damaging the environment or people's health ‎ 避免损害环境或人们的健康 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.‎ 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。 have been finding为现在完成进行时。 I have_been_reading English novels since 2017.‎ 自从2017年以来我一直在读英语小说。‎ ‎2.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. ‎ 另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。 too ... to ... “太……而不能……”。 He is too_young_to_understand your words. ‎ 他太年轻，不能理解你的话。‎ ‎3.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.‎ 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。 句中making ...为现在分词短语作结果状语。 Our English teacher stopped reading suddenly, making us confused. ‎ 我们的英语老师突然停止了朗读，让我们都一脸茫然。‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．(教材P13)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.‎ 把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。‎ confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难 ‎(1)confuse A with/and B　 把A与B混淆 ‎(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的 be confused about ... 对……感到困惑 ‎(3)confusing adj.　　　 (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的 ‎①Mr Wang asked so many difficult questions that I was confused.‎ 王先生问了如此多难题，以至于我感到很迷惑。‎ ‎②Don't confuse the word “weather” with “whether”．‎ 不要把weather和whether这两个单词弄混了。‎ ‎③The instructions are so confusing that I am totally confused. (confuse)‎ 说明书太令人费解了，我完全糊涂了。‎ ‎2．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔 ‎(1)regret doing/having done sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 后悔做过某事(已经做了)‎ regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事(还没有做)‎ regret that ... 对……感到遗憾/后悔 ‎(2)(much) to one's regret 令人(非常)遗憾的是 with regret 遗憾地 express regret at/about/for 对……表示遗憾 ‎①I don't regret telling/having told her what I thought.‎ 我不会因为告诉了她我的想法而后悔。‎ ‎②I regret_to_tell you that you have failed again in the examination.‎ 很抱歉地告诉你，这次考试你又没考及格。‎ ‎③We regret_that we are unable to reconsider your case.‎ 我们很遗憾无法重新考虑你的情况。‎ ‎[语境串记]　I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed. Much to my regret, she said to me, “I have no regret. I only regret having taken the wrong job.”‎ 我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了，让我深感遗憾的是，她对我说：“我没有任何遗憾，我只是后悔选错了工作。”‎ ‎3．(教材P14)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.‎ 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。‎ build up逐渐增加；建立；开发 build (oneself) up to sth.　　　 为……做准备 build oneself up 增强体质 build up a fame 建立名声 build up one's health/body 增进健康 build ... on 把……作为基础 ‎①Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.‎ 他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。‎ ‎②Taking exercise helps us build_up_our_body and keep a clear mind.‎ 锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。‎ ‎③We built_up this business after ten years' struggle.‎ 经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。‎ ‎4．(教材P14)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.‎ 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。‎ lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向 ‎(1)lead sb. to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 lead sb. into ... 领着某人进入……‎ lead sb. to ... 引导某人去……(地方)‎ ‎(2)take the lead 带头；居首位 in/have the lead 领先 ‎①Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.(2017•江苏高考书面表达)‎ 因此，一些观众开始远离电影院，导致票房增长放缓。‎ ‎②The receptionist led_the_way_to the meeting room.‎ 接待员引路来到了会议室。‎ ‎③What was it that led_you_to say that?‎ 是什么导致你那样说的？‎ ‎[语境串记]　He led the way, and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people led a happy life.‎ 他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“导致”的常用表达还有：cause, result in, contribute to, bring about。‎ ‎5．(教材P14)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.‎ 他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。‎ focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎(1)focus one's attention on ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 集中注意力于……‎ ‎(2)bring/throw sth. into focus ‎ 使某物明朗化；使某物突出 come into focus　　　　 (使某事)成为焦点 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 be in/off focus 焦点对准(没有对准)‎ ‎①The discussion focuses on the trade war between China and America.‎ 此次讨论集中在中美贸易战上。‎ ‎②I regret not having focused my attention on my study.‎ 我后悔没把我的注意力用在学习上。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“集中注意力于……”的其他短语：‎ ‎①pay attention to sth.‎ ‎②put one's heart into sth.‎ ‎③fix one's attention on sth.‎ ‎6．(教材P14)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.‎ 健康的土壤减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。‎ reduce vt.减少；减缩 reduce sth. to ...　　　　　　　 减少到……‎ reduce sth. by ... 减少了……‎ reduce sb. to (doing) sth. 使陷入(更坏的)境地；使沦落为 ‎①Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of food.(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 膳食中有足够的脂肪和盐会减少饭后吃零食的欲望，并会提高你的食欲。‎ ‎②It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.‎ 由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。‎ ‎③If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent.‎ 你如果买10个以上他们就会把价格降低10%。‎ ‎[名师点津]　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to ...表示增减的结果，接by ...表示增减的幅度。‎ ‎④Their salary has been increased by 20 percent since last year.‎ 自去年以来，他们的工资已经增长了20%。‎ ‎7．(教材P14)This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.‎ 这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。‎ keep ... free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)‎ be free from/of　　　　　　　　 不受……伤害 for free/free of charge 免费 free sb./sth.from/of sth. 使……解除/去除……‎ set free 释放 ‎①They like living in a village, free from/of crowds and noises.‎ 他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。‎ ‎②Your order will be delivered free_of_charge/for_free within a tenmile limit.‎ 在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。‎ ‎③These exercises help free the body of tension.‎ 这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。‎ ‎④I think all caged birds should be_set_free.‎ 我认为所有关在笼里的鸟儿都应该被放出去。‎ ‎8．(教材P15)Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.‎ 和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。‎ comment n．评论；议论vt.&vi. 表达意见；作出评论 ‎(1)make comments on/upon sth.　 评论某事 offer comments 提意见 no comment 无可奉告 ‎(2)comment on/upon 对……发表评论 ‎①She made helpful comments on my work.‎ 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。‎ ‎②I'm not in a position to comment_on the matter.‎ 我无权对这件事发表评论。‎ ‎③Don't offer_comments if you cannot understand the real meaning.‎ 如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。‎ ‎④—Can you say something about the present situation?‎ ‎—Sorry, no_comment!‎ ‎——你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗？‎ ‎——对不起，无可奉告！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Recently, however, scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.‎ 然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ have been finding是现在完成进行时。‎ ‎①Because of illness, he has been lying in bed all day.‎ 由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。‎ ‎②They have_been_building the bridge for two months.‎ 两个月来他们一直在建桥。‎ ‎2．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.‎ 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。‎ 本句中making it ...为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于and make it ready for crops ...; that 引导定语从句，修饰 wheat or corn。‎ ‎①Many people from all over the world have moved to America, making it the most multicultural country in the world.‎ 来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。‎ ‎②He cut off the wire, preventing (prevent) a big fire.‎ 他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。‎ ‎[名师点津]　现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。‎ ‎③He hurried to the airport, only_to_be_told that the plane had taken off.‎ 他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Would you care to comment on any troublesome students in your class?‎ ‎2．Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.‎ ‎3．Kitty, take your umbrella. It can keep your skin free from/of being burnt.‎ ‎4．She reduced her weight by five kilograms last month.‎ ‎5．Her poor English often led to misunderstanding when she first went to England many years ago.‎ ‎6．No wonder you are so tired. You have_been_working (work) all day.‎ ‎7．Ted was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎8．She looked at her watch and turned regretfully (regret) towards home.‎ ‎9．The child slipped and fell, hitting (hit) his head against the door.‎ ‎10．He hurried to the bus station, only to_find (find) that the last bus had left.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Much_to_our_regret,_we couldn't attend your wedding.‎ 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们不能参加你们的婚礼了。‎ ‎2．She sat there in_confusion. It was obvious that she got_confused by the boy's confusing_explanation.‎ 她困惑地坐在那里，显然是被这个男孩含糊不清的解释弄糊涂了。‎ ‎3．They focused_all_their_attention_on finding a solution to the problem.‎ 他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。‎ ‎4．We should use new energy to keep our environment free_of_pollution.‎ 我们应当使用新能源，使我们的环境免受污染。‎ ‎5．In addition, anxiety and worry can lead_to_sickness.‎ 此外，焦虑和担心会导致疾病。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、全练语言点•基稳才能楼高 ‎ ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Many a young Chinese scientist has made many wonderful discoveries (发现) in science.‎ ‎2．That car went out of production (生产) five years ago.‎ ‎3．Jerry did not regret giving the comment (评论) but felt that he could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎4．All the mistakes in the exam have been underlined (画底线标出) in red ink.‎ ‎5．This generation has made the environment a focus (焦点) of attention.‎ ‎6．At the end of the news, they often give you a summary (总结) of the main news stories.‎ ‎7．Good nutrition (营养) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.‎ ‎8．I am mixed up about these confusing (令人迷惑的) directions.‎ ‎9．I'm sure something will be done to reduce (减少) the air pollution.‎ ‎10．I regret (遗憾) to tell you that you don't receive any award.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He has been watched TV all day.watched→watching ‎2．The shopkeeper reduced the price to 20 percent.to→by ‎3．I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building on.on→up ‎4．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's caught.caught前加being ‎5．She knew that he was keeping something for her.for→from ‎6．His parents died early, leaves him an orphan.leaves→leaving ‎7．In the old society he was finally reduced to rob.rob→robbing ‎8．We heard in regret that you had failed in the exam.in→with Ⅲ.选词填空 be confused about， reduce ...to， keep sth. in mind， build up， lead to， turn to， focus on， make comments on ‎1．It is a disturbing problem that many chemicals can lead_to cancer.‎ ‎2．Yuan Longping has been focusing_on searching for a way to increase rice output.‎ ‎3．People are_confused_about all the different labels on food these days.‎ ‎4．I persuaded the shopkeeper to reduce the price of the dress to 300 yuan.‎ ‎5．If you have any questions, you can turn_to me at any time.‎ ‎6．Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to make_comments_on the current situation.‎ ‎7．You must keep_in_mind that you shouldn't look down upon anyone whatever they wear.‎ ‎8．It took me ten years to build_up my business, and it almost killed me.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This meeting focused the world's attention on the poverty of some African countries.‎ ‎2．She struggled to_keep (keep) back her tears.‎ ‎3．How I regret wasting (waste) so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.‎ ‎4．I am very disturbed (disturb) by the news that my son has failed in the exam.‎ ‎5．Without electricity, we couldn't lead a comfortable life.‎ ‎6．She only wants freedom (free), justice and equality.‎ ‎7．Modernization is the key to speeding up our agricultural (agriculture) development.‎ ‎8．Users will be encouraged to add to and comment on/upon the material.‎ ‎9．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer.‎ ‎10．I would rather you had_gone (go) there last night.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Much_to_my_satisfaction,_my boss agreed to my suggestion.‎ 令我非常满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。‎ ‎2．All our eyes were_focused_on the speaker.‎ 大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。‎ ‎3．The fans are hungry for meeting their idols after the Film Festival.‎ 电影节后，影迷们都渴望见到他们的偶像。‎ ‎4．She led_me_to_believe that she had a lot of influence.‎ 她使我相信她很有权势。‎ ‎5．She equipped_her_son_with good education.‎ 她使她的儿子受到了良好的教育。‎ ‎6．Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.‎ 也许我们应该让自己摆脱现代科技，返回纯真年代。‎ ‎7．Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality.‎ 注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。‎ ‎8．It is very disturbing that we haven't heard from him.‎ 我们没有收到他的来信，深感不安。‎ ‎9．He is among the_best_students_to_do the experiment.‎ 他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。‎ ‎10．Beijing is ten_times_the_size_of my hometown.‎ 北京是我家乡的十倍大。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one that's been organically grown. Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.‎ The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”. Does that mean it's better? Safer? More nutritious? Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. Several differences between organic and nonorganic foods exist. The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease.‎ Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming：‎ Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth. Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.‎ Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease. Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease.‎ Give animals antibiotics, growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth. Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors. Use preventive measures — such as a balanced diet and clean housing — to help minimize disease.‎ ‎*Organic or not Check the label The U．S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards. These standards regulate how such foods are grown, handled and processed. Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards. Only producers who sell less than ＄5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt (免除) from this certification.‎ If a food bears a USDA Organic label, it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards. The seal is voluntary, but many organic producers use it.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。‎ ‎1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．promote the sales of organic foods B．inform people that organic foods are better for their health C．compare conventional and organic foods D．persuade people to become informed consumers 解析：选C　主旨大意题。该题目实际上是在考查文章是围绕什么内容展开的。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。‎ ‎2．According to the passage, organic farming is intended to ________.‎ A．improve the quality of the soil and water B．take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely C．prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively D．adopt environmentallyfriendly methods to grow plants and feed animals 解析：选D　细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。‎ ‎3．Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming?‎ A．Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease.‎ B．Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth.‎ C．Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth.‎ D．Using pests to reduce insects and disease.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。‎ ‎4．From the passage we know the organic certification program ________.‎ A．is not meant for produce of all producers B．makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label C．sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce D．requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Tuan was a farmer. For decades, he __1__ (struggle) to rid his family __2__ hunger. However, __3__ always confused him __4__ to expand the output of his crops. This __5__ (disturb) problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather have chosen another job.‎ One day, when __6__ (skim) through a newspaper, Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan's nationality and occupation, and then focused on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very __7__ (practice). Therefore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped __8__ (him) to keep his crops roots free from bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and freedom, he was full of hope.‎ The next year, Tuan was sunburnt but __9__ (satisfy) with his production very much. __10__ (thank) to Yuan Longping, he not only won the battle against hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位农民受到袁隆平的激励而努力研制农业新品种，提高农作物产量的故事。‎ ‎1．had been struggling　根据For decades和was可知应用过去完成进行时。‎ ‎2．of　rid sb. of ...“摆脱，除去”。‎ ‎3．it　it为形式主语。‎ ‎4．how　“how to expand the output of his crops”是真正的主语。‎ ‎5．disturbing　用形容词来修饰后面的名词problem，意为“令人烦恼的”。‎ ‎6．skimming　此处为状语从句的省略，补全句子为“when (he was) skimming ...”。‎ ‎7．practical　形容词practical作宾语knowledge的补足语。‎ ‎8．himself　和主语He为同一人，此处用反身代词加强语气。‎ ‎9．satisfied　be satisfied with“对……满意”。‎ ‎10．Thanks　Thanks to“由于，多亏了”。‎ Section_Ⅴ Writing—_海报 ‎ ‎ 海报带有宣传广告的性质，其宣传内容包括电影戏剧消息、体育赛事、学术报告、商品报道、参观旅游、文艺演出等。‎ 一、基本结构 海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。‎ ‎1．标题。海报的标题是海报最显眼的一部分，一般写在海报上方正中处。标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如Football Match, Lecture, Film News等，也可直接写POSTER。‎ ‎2．正文。海报的内容通常包括三部分。开头通常先介绍活动背景或开展此活动的目的；主体部分介绍活动细节，包括时间、地点、相关人员以及其他事宜；结尾通常发出号召，呼吁人们积极参加该活动。‎ ‎3．落款。海报要写明主办单位名称以及发出海报的日期。海报的署名一般在右下角，日期在署名的下一行，通常位于左下角。‎ 二、增分佳句 ‎1．No admission fee is required for members of the club.‎ ‎2．Tomorrow morning there will be a(n)．..‎ ‎3．Children under 6 are not permitted admission.‎ ‎4．For booking, please stop at the Union Club.‎ ‎5．There are still tickets available for the night shows.‎ ‎6．Buses are available and leave at 6：00 pm from the Peace Hotel.‎ ‎7．Come for the real hit of Rock 'n' Roll performance!‎ ‎8．Please take an active part in it!‎ ‎9．We set it up so that students can publish their English compositions, communicate ideas and improve writing skills.‎ ‎10．Pen lost. Whoever has found it, please inform us about it.‎ ‎11．Everyone is welcome to watch the match and cheer the players up.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 根据下面提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报。‎ ‎1．坐落在城西；‎ ‎2．历经20年已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场；‎ ‎3．配备有现代化的设施；‎ ‎4．生产过程中不使用任何化肥；‎ ‎5．富含营养；‎ ‎6．产品出口几十个国家；‎ ‎7．联系方式：Tel: 666888123‎ Email：Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com 注意：词数100左右。‎ 第一步：审题构思很关键 一、审题 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为海报；‎ ‎2．确定人称：海报通常用第三人称；‎ ‎3．确定时态：海报的主体时态通常为一般将来时。‎ 二、构思 第一段，点题，吸引读者去了解“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地。‎ 第二段，介绍基地的位置、规模、设施、特点等情况。‎ 第三段，介绍联系方式。‎ 第二步：核心词汇想周全 ‎1．chemical_　　　　　　　　 化学的 ‎2．fertilizer/manure 肥料 ‎3．organic 有机的 ‎4．expand/extend/spread 扩展；伸展 ‎5．decade 十年 ‎6．equip/outfit_ 装备；配备 ‎7．soil 土壤 ‎8．nutrition 营养 ‎9．export 出口 第三步：由词扩句雏形现 ‎1．你是否梦想能天天品尝没有化肥的绿色蔬菜呢？(主谓结构)‎ Have you ever dreamt of tasting_green_vegetables_without_chemical_fertilizer every day?‎ ‎2．它坐落在城西。‎ ‎①It_is_located_in_the_west_of_the_city.(locate)‎ ‎②It_lies_in_the_west_of_the_city.(lie)‎ ‎3．历经20年它已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场。‎ ‎①It has_expanded_to_a_large_farm_covering an area of more than 1,000 mu in the past two decades.(使用现在分词短语作定语)‎ ‎②It has_expanded_to_a_large_farm_which_covers an area of more than 1,000 mu in the past two decades. (使用which引导定语从句)‎ ‎4．真正让它与众不同的是这儿的蔬菜在种植过程中没有使用任何化肥。(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句)‎ What_really_makes_it_different_from_others_is_that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.‎ ‎5．肥沃的土壤让这些蔬菜营养丰富。(用make复合结构)‎ The rich soil makes_these_vegetables_full_of_nutrition.‎ ‎6．它出口到世界上许多国家。(被动句)‎ It is_exported_into many countries in the world.‎ 第四步：句式升级造亮点 ‎1．用locate的过去分词短语作状语连接2、3句 Located_in_the_west_of_the_city,_it_has_expanded_to_a_large_farm_covering/which_covers_an_area_of_more_than_1,000_mu_in_the_past_two_decades.‎ ‎2．用过渡词as a result连接5、6句 The_rich_soil_makes_these_vegetables_full_of_nutrition；as_a_result,_it_is_exported_into_many_countries_in_the_world.‎ 第五步：过渡衔接联成篇 Have you ever dreamt of eating green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day? Please go to Green Leaf — an organic vegetable base.‎ Located in the west of the city, it has expanded to a large farm covering an area of more than 1,000 mu in the past two decades. It has been equipped with advanced facilities. What makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer. The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition; as a result, it is exported into many countries in the world.‎ If you are interested, please contact us in the following ways.‎ Tel: 666888123‎ Email: Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com Last weekend, whether to go climbing or to see a film confused us. Some preferred seeing a film to going climbing while I would rather go climbing, for hard conditions could build up our characters. Finally, they were satisfied with my proposal and therefore we went climbing.‎ Equipped with some necessities, we went to the mountain that was rich in mushrooms, which were mainly exported to foreign countries. Upon putting up the tent at the foot of the mountain, we struggled to climb. Focusing on finding our way, we came across what was called a poisonous snake, leading to our having to stop. We had to choose another way to keep us free from its attack. But much to our regret, we didn't see any mushroom on this way. To make matters worse, we lost our way. Thanks to a local worker, we rid ourselves of the trouble.‎ Later, our teacher made a comment on our performance, which made us proud of ourselves.　　‎ 上个周末，是去爬山还是去看电影让我们很为难。与爬山相比一些人更喜欢看电影，而我则宁愿爬山，因为艰苦的条件能磨炼人的性格。最后，他们对我的提议感到满意，因此我们就去爬山了。‎ 准备好一些必需品后，我们就去盛产蘑菇的那座山了，那里的蘑菇主要出口到国外。在山脚下一搭好帐篷，我们便奋力攀登了。在集中精力找路的时候，我们碰到了一条所谓的毒蛇，致使我们不得不停下来。为了免受它的攻击，我们选择了另一条路。可是让我们感到非常遗憾的是，在这条路上我们没有看到任何蘑菇。更糟糕的是我们迷路了。多亏当地的一个工人，我们才摆脱了困境。‎ 后来，老师对我们的表现发表了评论，让我们感到很自豪。‎ ‎ ‎ 加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练 Ⅰ.完形填空 All our food comes directly or indirectly from soil. The soil which is dark in colour is humus (腐质土). Humus includes plenty of useful materials __1__ from dead plants and waste __2__ from animals. Soil __3__ its food. If we do not __4__ it with any, __5__ will not grow well on it. Animal __6__ is the best food for soil, and chemical __7__ are good, too. A change of crop every year in the same soil will also do __8__.‎ When soil is too __9__， winds blow it away, and the land will soon look like a __10__. Farmers can prevent this __11__ growing trees. This will weaken the __12__ of the wind. After a heavy rain, the __13__ carries the humus down to the river. This often happens __14__ the fields are on the hillsides. Farmers can level their fields and make them __15__.‎ At the beginning of the __16__ there have been about 7,000 __17__ people on earth. We now ‎ ought to __18__ every bit of the soil. __19__， where will such a large __20__ grow their food?‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。怎样才能让我们赖以生存的土壤更好地为我们服务呢？又怎样才能减少土壤的流失呢？本文将给出答案。‎ ‎1．A.died　　　　　　　　　　　 B．made C．brought D．taken 解析：选D　taken from “从……中取出；取材于”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰useful materials。‎ ‎2．A.matter B．gases C．goods D．rubbish 解析：选A　waste matter“废弃物”，这里指“(动物的)粪便”。　‎ ‎3．A.eats B．needs C．feeds D．enjoys 解析：选B　土壤“需要”食物，指上文中的dead plants和waste matter from animals。‎ ‎4．A.give B．produce C．supply D．develop 解析：选C　supply ...with ...“把……提供给……”。‎ ‎5．A.man B．trees C．plants D．animals 解析：选C　直接依靠土壤而生存的只有植物，而B项太片面。‎ ‎6．A.body B．blood C．bone D．waste 解析：选D　animal waste“动物粪便”，即上文提到的waste matter。‎ ‎7．A.poisons B．fertilizers C．powders D．medicines 解析：选B　改良土壤的应该是“化肥(chemical fertilizer)”。poison“毒药，毒物”；powder“粉末”；medicine“药”。只有B项符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.harm B．good C．help D．favour 解析：选B　do good“有益处，有好处”。‎ ‎9．A.light B．energetic C．dry D．thirsty 解析：选C　当土壤太“干燥(dry)”时，风就会把土壤吹走。‎ ‎10．A.desert B．lake C．valley D．plain 解析：选A　因为风把土壤吹走了，所以土地看上去就像“沙漠”。‎ ‎11．A.from B．by C．off D．with 解析：选B　by表示通过某种方式或手段，后接动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎12．A.noise B．blow C．speed D．force 解析：选D　通过植树可以减弱风的“力量(force)”，从而防止土壤被风吹走。noise“噪音”；blow“吹”；speed“速度”。‎ ‎13．A.wind B．farmer C．tree D．water 解析：选D　大雨过后，“雨水”会把土壤里的腐质土冲到河里。‎ ‎14．A.where B．in C．to D．that 解析：选A　此处where表示地点。‎ ‎15．A.hilllike B．stairlike C．bottomlike D．gulflike 解析：选B　农民可以平整田地，使它们像梯级一样。stairlike“像梯级的”。‎ ‎16．A.period B．century C．history D．dynasty 解析：选B　at the beginning of the century“在本世纪初”。‎ ‎17．A.thousand B．thousands C．million D．millions 解析：选C　thousand, million等与具体数字连用时，不加s，故排除B、D两项，根据常识可知选C。‎ ‎18．A.affect B．use C．save D．share 解析：选C　我们现在应该“节约(save)”每一寸土地。‎ ‎19．A.Otherwise B．However C．Therefore D．Though 解析：选A　otherwise“否则”，符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.people B．globe C．population D．number 解析：选C　用large修饰population，指人口多。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Selfdriving cars might make your future travel a lot more pleasant, but they won't reduce (缓解) traffic.‎ Car producers have mentioned that traffic reduction is one of the many advantages of having selfdriving cars on the road. The idea is that selfdriving cars will reduce accidents caused by human mistakes. But experts say selfdriving cars' influence on traffic will probably be bad.‎ Lew Fulton, a codirector at UC Davis' Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS), said that selfdriving cars won't fix traffic problems unless a pricing system is put in place that discourages selfdriving cars. For example, many companies are interested in programming selfdriving cars to do something, which could increase traffic on the road, Fulton said.‎ Massachusetts lawmakers have already suggested introducing a tax (税) on driverless cars. It calls for at least $0.025 per mile.‎ Traffic jams (堵塞) could also worsen as companies like Lucid Motors try to produce selfdriving cars with reclining seats (可躺座椅). People may choose to live farther outside of cities if they can travel in cars that allow them to sleep and relax. But that increases the number of people travelling in and out of cities during rush hour, Fulton said.‎ Without the cost of a driver, Fulton said he worries selfdriving Ubers or Lyfts will become so cheap it will be hard to push people to choose carsharing services like uberPOOL. “I think it's going to take some kind of pricing system that discourages cars without a single passenger，” he said.‎ Some cities have already started programmes that discourage people from taking car trips alone.‎ ‎ For example, Chicago and New York City have set up lanes (车道) that singlepassenger cars must pay some money to use. That money increases during rush hour.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章解释了将来的无人驾驶汽车为什么没有办法解决目前的交通问题。‎ ‎1．What do car producers think of selfdriving cars?‎ A．They are safe.‎ B．They are fast.‎ C．They save buyers money.‎ D．They increase traffic slightly.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第二段中的“The idea is that selfdriving cars will reduce accidents caused by human mistakes.”可知，汽车生产商认为无人驾驶汽车可避免人为的操作失误，因此更安全。‎ ‎2．What do Massachusetts lawmakers suggest?‎ A．Introducing a tax on car producers.‎ B．Increasing the selling price of selfdriving cars.‎ C．Pushing up the running costs of selfdriving cars.‎ D．Calling for drivers to avoid travelling during rush hour.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第四段中的“introducing a tax (税) on driverless cars. It calls for at least$0.025 per mile.”可知，马萨诸塞州的律师建议根据汽车行驶里程征税，即提高汽车的运行成本。‎ ‎3．What will happen if there are selfdriving cars with reclining seats?‎ A．More people will live in city centres.‎ B．People will spend less money on transport.‎ C．People are likely to travel longer distances.‎ D．There will be lighter traffic during rush hour.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第五段中的“People may choose to live farther outside of cities if they can travel in cars that allow them to sleep and relax.”可知，配置可躺座椅的无人驾驶汽车会使更多的人住到离城市更远的地方，所以人们行驶的距离会变长。‎ ‎4．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．What cars will we drive in the future?‎ B．Where will we travel with selfdriving cars?‎ C．How can selfdriving cars solve traffic problems?‎ D．Why selfdriving cars could be terrible for traffic?‎ 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文主要从无人驾驶汽车会增加交通流量和行驶距离来说明为什么它们从根本上解决不了目前的交通问题。D项作标题最能概括文章主旨。‎ 加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练 Ⅰ.语法填空 Eric Gale's tips for guitarists ‎“Good things are happening in life for me now，” said Eric Gale, a famous American guitarist, “and when you allow yourself __1__(receive) those good things, the sky is the limit (极限)．” He also said, “Even if I could go back to the start, I still wouldn't change the way I play __2__ guitar. I'm playing the way that it came to me, and it turned out __3__ (exact) how it was supposed to. I picked the guitar up that way. I'd already learnt a tune or two, and when I tried to change, my brother was like, ‘No, man, this __4__ (be) the way you've learnt to play — so __5__‎ ‎ are you trying to change it？’ I don't feel like I'm playing the ‘wrong’ way, because it's so __6__ (nature) to me. Anyway, who's to say it's not everybody else that's playing it wrong？”‎ ‎“All of the guitar __7__ (performance) on my new record are special to me. As to every last one of them, I think all of them were recorded on the first take. I just turned it on and pressed record. It was more of a live approach (方式), you know, __8__ I'm very comfortable with. I don't like to do a lot of __9__ (think). I just like to go for it. It's a whole lot better that way. All we were trying to do on this album was just be __10__ (we)，” said Eric.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国著名的吉他演奏家Eric Gale对于吉他演奏的看法。‎ ‎1．to receive　allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。‎ ‎2．the　play the guitar意为“弹吉他”。‎ ‎3．exactly　设空处作状语修饰turned out，表示“确实如此”，故填exactly。　‎ ‎4．is　由语境可知，此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且主语是this，故填is。　‎ ‎5．why　设空处所在句意为“因此你为什么(why)要试着改变它呢？”　‎ ‎6．natural　设空处作表语，表示“自然的”，故填natural。　‎ ‎7．performances　由前面的All of和后面的are可知，应用名词复数，故填performances。　‎ ‎8．which　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明approach，且在从句中作with的宾语，故填which。　‎ ‎9．thinking　设空处作do的宾语，表示“思考”，故填thinking。　‎ ‎10．ourselves　设空处在此表示“我们自己”，故填ourselves。　‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 The book I'm reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800's. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.‎ 答案：第一句：去掉of 第三句：Have→Having; that→which 第四句：becomes→became; day前加the 第五句：Interesting→Interestingly; by→with/to 第六句：drank→drunk 第七句：cup→cups 第八句：grow→growth Ⅲ.书面表达 百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条，请你结合以下信息，为袁隆平编写词条。‎ 姓名：袁隆平 爱好：听音乐，游泳 职业：科学家 生活态度：生活简朴，淡泊名利 出生：1930年，北京 毕业院校：西南农学院 成就：1.提高水稻产量，消除世界饥饿 ‎2．杂交水稻之父 注意：1.适当表达个人看法；‎ ‎2．词数100左右。‎ 参考词汇：西南农学院　Southwest Agricultural College 杂交水稻之父　Father of Hybrid Rice ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Yuan Longping is a great scientist who is devoted to agriculture. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College. After graduation, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. Thanks to his research in hybrid rice, we have more tools to increase the rice output and rid the world of hunger, for which he is honored as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．‎ Yuan Longping lives a simple life and he cares little about money or being famous. As for hobbies, he enjoys listening to music as well as swimming.‎ Yuan Longping has made great contributions not only to China, but also to the whole world. Therefore, in my eyes, he is more than a scientist; he is a pioneer for all people.‎ ‎ ‎ 第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1．Which language is the menu printed in?‎ A．Chinese.　　 B．English.　　　　C．French.‎ ‎2．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?‎ A．Shop assistant and customer.‎ B．Teacher and student.‎ C．Husband and wife.‎ ‎3．What size does the woman want?‎ A．Size 8. B．Size 10. C．Size 12.‎ ‎4．What probably is the woman?‎ A. A chef. B．A waitress. C．A saleswoman.‎ ‎5．What are the two speakers talking about?‎ A．Wine. B．Apples. C．Rice.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6．What kind of room does the man ask for?‎ A．A room facing the street.‎ B．A nonsmoking room.‎ C．A smoking room.‎ ‎7．How much did the man pay for the room?‎ A．$114. B．$104. C．$140.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8．What happened to the woman's purse?‎ A．It was missing.‎ B．It was left home.‎ C．It was stolen.‎ ‎9．Why did the woman go to the bank?‎ A．To pay the bill.‎ B．To cash the cheque.‎ C．To open an account.‎ ‎10．Which is the right order of the places the speakers have been to?‎ A．Coffee shop—bookshop—bank.‎ B．Bookshop—bank—coffee shop.‎ C．Bank—coffee shop—bookshop.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11．What will the woman's mother receive for her birthday?‎ A．A shirt. B．A skirt. C．A bag.‎ ‎12．Who'll cook the special dinner?‎ A．The woman.‎ B．The woman's friend.‎ C．The man.‎ ‎13．Who'll do the shopping?‎ A．The woman's parents.‎ B．The woman and her mother.‎ C．The woman and her father.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14．What meal will the speakers have?‎ A．Breakfast. B．Lunch. C．Supper.‎ ‎15．What did Julie ask the boy to attend?‎ A．A trip. B．A meeting. C．A party.‎ ‎16．Where did the woman put the message?‎ A．Under a book.‎ B．Under a lamp.‎ C．Under a box.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17．What does the speaker mainly talk about?‎ A．The history of cola.‎ B．Softdrink production.‎ C．Using cola as a drug.‎ ‎18．How was cola originally sold?‎ A．As a soft drink.‎ B．As a medicine.‎ C．As cooking oil.‎ ‎19．Why does the speaker mention John S. Palmerton?‎ A．He sold cola to doctors.‎ B．He was a drugstore clerk.‎ C．He developed cola as a drug.‎ ‎20．How was the drug made into a soft drink?‎ A．By mixing it with special oils.‎ B．By heating it.‎ C．By adding soda water.‎ 答案：1～5　BCCBA　6～10　CCABC ‎11～15　BACCC　16～20　BABCC 听力材料 ‎(Text 1)‎ W：Wonderful, the menu here is printed in English.‎ M：Great, we will have no trouble choosing the dishes.‎ W：And we can learn some Chinese from the menu, too.‎ ‎(Text 2)‎ W：I'm coming. What do you have for dinner, my dear?‎ M：Something special.‎ W：Something special? Great! I'm starving.‎ ‎(Text 3)‎ M：Hello, can I help you?‎ W：Yes, please. I like this sweater very much, but it's too small for me. Do you have it in size 12?‎ M：I'm afraid not. Size 10 is the largest we have.‎ ‎(Text 4)‎ M：Please, I ordered my meal at least twenty minutes ago, and it hasn't come yet. Why is it taking so long?‎ W：I'm very sorry. I'll check your order with the chef.‎ ‎(Text 5)‎ W：This wine tastes a bit strange.‎ M：It's made from apples.‎ W：From apples? I thought wine was made from rice.‎ M：Well, this is special wine. I make it myself.‎ ‎(Text 6)‎ M：I'd like to check in, please.‎ W：Do you have a reservation?‎ M：Yes. The name is Richard — Richard Alexander.‎ W：Let me check the computer. Yes, here it is, Richard Alexander. Smoking or nonsmoking?‎ M：Smoking. A smoking room, please.‎ W：Okay. You don't mind facing the street?‎ M：No, that's no problem.‎ W：Okay. And, how many nights will you be staying?‎ M：Three nights. How much do you charge for that?‎ W：A hundred and forty dollars.‎ M：Thank you.‎ ‎(Text 7)‎ W：I can't find my purse.‎ M：Oh, no. Maybe you left it at the bank. You took it out when you cashed the cheque.‎ W：But I remember having it after that.‎ M：Well, you paid for the coffee when we were in that coffee shop. Remember?‎ W：That's right. I remember feeling it in my pocket as we walked out.‎ M：And then, we dropped in ... bookshop ...‎ W：Yes. But I remember taking a piece of paper out of my purse to write down the name of the book on it. I think I must have left the purse on the shelf. I'll call the bookshop and see if they found it.‎ ‎(Text 8)‎ M：Mary, tomorrow is your Mom's fiftieth birthday. Did you remember?‎ W：Of course I did. How shall we celebrate it?‎ M：First of all, a birthday present. What about buying her a beautiful skirt?‎ W：That's a good idea. It will make her look younger. And a big birthday cake, too, with fifty candles.‎ M：That's right. Shall we have a special dinner?‎ W：How about a Chinese dinner?‎ M：Fine. Where shall we have it?‎ W：We can have it at home. I've learned to cook a few dishes from a Chinese friend. I'm sure Mom would like them.‎ M：All right. Are you going to do the shopping as well?‎ W：Why don't we go together, Dad? And don't let Mom know.‎ M：OK, when?‎ W：How about this afternoon?‎ ‎(Text 9)‎ M：Hi, Mom, I am back.‎ W：Get ready for supper, quickly.‎ M：OK, I ate little at lunch, so I'm very hungry. What will we have?‎ W：Fish, fried chicken and a pizza.‎ M：Great. Has anyone called me?‎ W：Yeah, a girl, named Julie. She wants to ask you to attend a party.‎ M：Julie, I haven't seen her for two months. OK, I will call back soon.‎ W：She asked me to leave a message for you.‎ M：What is it about?‎ W：She changed her cellphone number.‎ M：OK, you took it down?‎ W：Sure, I put the paper under your reading lamp.‎ M：Thanks, Mom.‎ ‎(Text 10)‎ M：How many of you drink cocacola? Nearly everybody. Did you know that cola started out not as a soft drink, but as a cure for headaches back in the late eighteen hundreds?‎ John S. Palmerton, a doctor from Atlanta, had experimented for many months to find a cure for the common headache. He worked at his home mixing and heating oils with other materials until he found one mixture that seemed to have good effect on headaches.‎ He began to sell the mixture in drugstores. The customers had to mix it with water before drinking.‎ Then, how did cola change from a drug to a soft drink? That came about quite by accident. One day a patient who was suffering from a headache came into a drugstore. He asked for a bottle of cola. He wanted to take it right away, so he asked the clerk to mix the medicine while he waited. It so happened there was no boiled water at the store. The clerk suggested mixing the drug with soda water. The customer agreed. After drinking it, the customer said it tasted wonderful. The clerk continued offering the mixture, and cola gradually became popular.‎ 第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A It's amazing to consider the fact that today, in western Michigan, people speak more than 120 languages. And it's even more amazing for me to be part of helping many of those immigrant (移民的) families.‎ My family and I immigrated to the US in 1975. We've lived for years in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Early on, I was interested in becoming a schoolteacher, but language prevented me from doing well on tests. Most of the teachers were very kind, but one, pointing to a low score I had made, laughed at me, “You should have done better; you've been here a year already.”‎ So I took English classes while continuing my education, and I graduated in 1980 from Grand Valley State University as a licensed practical nurse. First I worked in a hospital, but I found the work didn't fit me. Then I worked with the United Nations helping immigrants and, later, worked as an interpreter (口译者) and translator.‎ Realizing there was a growing need here for my skill set, I started a business to help nonEnglishspeakers. That became my lifework. I employ some 250 interpreters and translators, some of whom are gifted in as many as seven languages.‎ We are found in any place where words are spoken or written — schools, hospitals, workplaces, etc. We mainly provide interpretation and written translation services. Our expertise in rare languages and dialects sets us apart; we can also translate papers in 30 different languages.‎ Mercy Health is a healthcare provider in western Michigan. It has praised our professionalism (专业素质) and quickness. We provide translation for languages often considered difficult to support — from Albanian and Assyrian to Zaghawa and Zulu. Besides, we can field 16 languages spoken in Myanmar and American Sign Language.‎ Especially satisfying is serving the nearby Kentwood Public Schools. Twice a year, we partner with mothers and fathers attending parentteacher meetings. We deal with 450 such meetings in just two or three days.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过提供翻译服务帮助移民者消除语言障碍的故事。‎ ‎21．What made the author fail to become a schoolteacher at first?‎ A．Her skin color.　　　　 B．Her English level.‎ C．Her poor education. D．Her family background.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“I was interested in becoming a schoolteacher, but language prevented me from doing well on tests”可知答案。‎ ‎22．What's the purpose of the author's business?‎ A．Offering jobs to immigrants.‎ B．Serving public schools for immigrants.‎ C．Solving language problems for immigrants.‎ D．Providing immigrants with language lessons.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“helping many of those immigrant (移民的) families”和第四段中的“I started a business to help nonEnglishspeakers”以及第五段中的“We mainly provide interpretation and written translation services.”可推断，作者的公司主要帮助移民者解决在生活和工作中遇到的语言问题。‎ ‎23．What does Mercy Health think of the services offered by the author's team?‎ A．They should be appreciated.‎ B．They need some improvement.‎ C．They should be offered outside Michigan.‎ D．They should get the attention of the public.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“It has praised our professionalism (专业素质) and quickness.”可推断，Mercy Health认为作者的团队所提供的服务专业、及时，因此很欣赏。‎ ‎24．What does the underlined word “field” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean?‎ A．Point out.　　　　　 B．Deal with.‎ C．Depend on. D．Write down.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第五段中的“Our expertise in rare languages and dialects sets us apart; we can also translate papers in 30 different languages.”和第六段中的“We provide translation for languages often considered difficult to support”可知，作者的团队能够应对小语种和方言，能够完成其他机构无法实现的难度较大的工作，因此此处指，他们能应对缅甸的十六种语言和美式手语。‎ B Anybody who has a long daily commute (通勤) knows the feeling of sitting in traffic with nothing to do but wait. Now, a study suggests that long commutes can take away more than just valuable time, they also have a bad influence on your fitness (健壮) and health.‎ Earlier research has connected longer commutes with obesity. But this new research is believed to be “the first study to show that long commutes can reduce exercise time，” explained lead researcher Christine M. Hoehner of Washington University in St. Louis.‎ Long commutes are connected with “higher weight, lower fitness levels and higher blood pressure (血压), all of which are likely to lead to heart disease，” she said. One discovery that Hoehner found a little surprising was how “being caught in heavy traffic can lead to higher blood pressure.”‎ Here's how the research was done: Scientists studied 4,297 locals from Austin, Texas. They recorded their commuting distances, body mass indices (体重指数) and blood pressure. The locals reported their physical activity for the last three months.‎ What did scientists learn? Commuters who said they drove longer distances also reported they took part in less active physical activity. They had lower fitness levels, greater body mass indices and higher blood pressure.‎ Between 1960 and 2000, workers commuting in private cars jumped from 41.4 million to 112.7 million, according to the U．S. Department of Transportation. And as suburbs (郊区) have spread across the nation since the 1950s, commuter miles have increased too, along with the time drivers spend sitting in the car, according to the U．S. Census Bureau.‎ For many commuters, moving closer to work isn't a choice but Hoehner said there are ways that can lead to more exercise. “Commuters should find ways to work physical activity into their ‎ workdays by doing things like walking during work breaks. Employers could also help by encouraging fitness breaks，” said Hoehner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明交通拥堵会影响身体健康。‎ ‎25．What did Hoehner find?‎ A．The longer the exercise time, the better.‎ B．Some diseases lead to higher blood pressure.‎ C．Lower fitness levels result from heart disease.‎ D．The busier the traffic, the higher the blood pressure.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“being caught in heavy traffic can lead to higher blood pressure”可知，严重的交通拥堵会导致血压升高。‎ ‎26．How did scientists do the research?‎ A．By doing a simple test.‎ B．By collecting information.‎ C．By giving physical checks daily.‎ D．By talking to locals face to face.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。第四段中讲到科学家会记录通勤距离、体重指数、血压和锻炼情况等，可见他们主要是通过收集信息来完成研究的。‎ ‎27．What has happened since the 1950s?‎ A．The area of suburbs has reduced.‎ B．The number of commuters has dropped.‎ C．Many people have given up driving cars.‎ D．Many people have moved farther from workplaces.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“as suburbs (郊区) have spread across the nation since the 1950s, commuter miles have increased too”可知，20世纪五十年代以来，人们的通勤距离更长了。‎ ‎28．What is Hoehner trying to do in the last paragraph?‎ A．Offer help. B．Give advice.‎ C．Find excuses. D．Send warnings.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。最后一段中作者说到通勤人员应该在工作间隙多走动，雇主应该创造机会让员工多运动，这是从两方面给出的建议。‎ C ‎ In America, Halloween is a big deal. Americans spend ＄7.4 billion on Halloween — and ＄350 million of that is for costumes for their pets, reports the National Retail Federation.‎ About 15 percent of Americans will buy costumes for their pets. “Time” magazine reports that more people are purchasing Halloween costumes for their dogs — up 24 percent since 2014. Spending has increased by 40 percent in the past two years.‎ Go online, and you can buy a Robin Hood costume for your dog, or a Wonder Woman dog costume, or a cow costume. The costumes come in various sizes. Purchase a large one for your Mastiff or a small one for your Chihuahua. They cost as little as ＄7.80 or as much as ＄300. In Hollywood, pet costumes for movie characters and famous people are popular. Some dogs are dressed as Edward Scissorhands or Kim Kardashian, reported “Entertainment Weekly”. In New York, Jimmy Kimmel, the latenight television host, held a dog costume show on his show. Cat owners can also participate in the fun.‎ Why are Americans spending so much on their pets? “Time” magazine reports that “pets ‎ have their status (地位) today，” and “more than 9 in 10 owners consider their pets to be members of their family.” Many people have strong emotional ties with their dogs and cats.‎ Zoher Kapu, who works for eBay, the online marketplace, told “the Chicago Tribune” that eBay had 1.5 million pet costumes for sale on Oct. 21 out of 800 million items listed. There were 159 million active customers in 200 countries.‎ In Britain, “The Telegraph” newspaper noted that pet owners spend ＄1.5 billion in 2017 on nonfood items for their pets. This includes clothes, toys and holidays.‎ 语篇解读：在美国万圣节期间，15%的美国人会给他们的宠物购买戏装。“万圣节宠物戏装秀”的风尚已经席卷全球。‎ ‎29．How does the author develop the passage?‎ A．By making comparisons.‎ B．By giving various examples.‎ C．By listing a lot of numbers.‎ D．By analyzing different causes.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。读过文章后可知，作者在每一段都用了数据来说明万圣节期间人们花费大量的钱来为自己的宠物购买戏服。‎ ‎30．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．Dog shows in America.‎ B．Different kinds of dogs.‎ C．The popularity of pet costumes.‎ D．Various costumes for pets.‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，在网上你可以为你的狗狗买到一件罗宾汉戏装，或者一件神奇女侠的狗狗戏装，亦或是一件奶牛服。宠物服装尺寸多样，价格也高低不等。在好莱坞，电影人物和名人的宠物戏装很受欢迎。故本段主要介绍的是美国的各种各样的宠物戏服。‎ ‎31．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A．pet owners in America love their pets very much B．Americans pay much attention to protecting animals C．pets play an important part in Americans' daily life D．most pet owners in America live a lonely life 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段“‘more than 9 in 10 owners consider their pets to be members of their family.’ Many people have strong emotional ties with their dogs and cats.”可知，超过90%的主人把宠物看做是自己的家庭成员。很多人都和他们的狗和猫有着强烈的情感，也就是说美国宠物拥有者非常爱他们的宠物。‎ ‎32．According to Zoher Kapu, ________.‎ A．Americans spend more money on costumes than food for their pets B．the Halloween pet costume trend is spreading globally C．people in America like buying costumes for their pets online D．pets owners in America are fond of dressing up their pets 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段“There were 159 million active customers in 200 countries.”可知，在万圣节前夕，eBay网上有来自200个国家的1亿5千9百万顾客在给自己的宠物挑选戏装。由此可推知，“万圣节宠物秀”已经席卷全球。‎ D Jackson Language School Summer Opening and Closing Time The Jackson Language School is open each day except Sunday. There is an English Corner also available from 6 pm － 9 pm at the Bellevue Hall across from the school.‎ Class Size Classes have a minimum of 10 students and a maximum of 16 students in one class. Classes are equipped with earphones and an electronically controlled listening.‎ Teachers Teachers are all experienced and have a minimum of 2 years' experience and at least a certificate in teaching English as a second language. They are all available for tutoring if you need it.‎ Location The school is located 15 minutes from central London at 34 Inverleith Row, next to the Marks and Spencer shopping centre. It is near a bus stop and only a 5minute walk from the tube.‎ Attendance Students on student visas are expected to attend regularly. Students who are absent more than 60% of the time will be reported to the Student Office. Moreover, if students attend less than 80%, they will not be able to get a certificate from Jackson Language School. It is also required by the Student Office for a visa extension.‎ Home Stay You are able to stay with a British family if you request so. Jackson has a home stay program that matches students with families according to their own requirements and needs. While generally no problems occur, students may move from a home stay household if he or she gives a 2week written notice to the home stay family school.‎ Language Policy As the course is an immersion (沉浸式) program, students are expected to speak English the entire time they are at the school. If they speak any language other than English at the school, they may be asked to leave the school for a day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇广告，主要介绍的是一所语言学校的暑假班的招生信息。‎ ‎33．If you attend more than 80% of your classes, you________.‎ A．will be likely to get a certificate B．will not obtain a visa extension C．may be reported to the Student Office D．may not be able to get a certificate 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据Attendance部分中的“Moreover, if students attend less than 80%, they will not be able to get a certificate from Jackson Language School.”可知，如果学生上课的时间少于总量的80%，就无法获得结业证书。由此可推断，如果学生上课的时间超过总量的80%，就可能会获得结业证书，故A项正确。‎ ‎34．The students are expected to speak English ________.‎ A．part of the time while at the school B．the entire time they are at the school C．no matter when they want to D．when they are in a home stay family 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“students are expected to speak English the entire time they are at the school”可知，这个学校希望学生在学校的全部时间都说英语，故B项正确。‎ ‎35．At Jackson Language School, you________.‎ A．can't move out of a home stay family B．can't take part in an English Corner C．can turn to a teacher when you need to be tutored D．can study in a class less than 10 students 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Teachers部分中的“They are all available for tutoring if you need it.”可知，在这个学校，如果需要辅导的话，学生可以向这个学校的老师求助，故C项正确。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Traveling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things. __36__ The following article discusses the advantages of traveling.‎ Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life. People all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you. __37__‎ Another great benefit is the relaxation you get. __38__ When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine.‎ ‎__39__ They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship/relationship. You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic (对往事怀恋的) you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures.‎ It's never been this cheap to travel. With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end. __40__ With the Internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do.‎ A．It's nice to enjoy a stressfree time.‎ B．As the saying goes, you never know what you have until you lose it.‎ C．When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.‎ D．Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting.‎ E．Going on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside.‎ F．However, there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now.‎ G．There are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel.‎ 语篇解读：本文为说明文，介绍了旅行的好处。‎ ‎36．选G　根据上下文，文章开头谈到旅行能为你提供欣赏新事物的机会，是一种愉快的经历，空格后文章接下来谈论旅行的好处，故此处承上启下，谈论旅行除了让你玩得开心之外还有其他好处。‎ ‎37．选B　根据上文，谈到旅行使人有机会脱离常规的生活，独自或与朋友一起旅行可以给你距离感甚至意识到这些人对你有多重要，故此处谈正如名言所说的那样，人总是在失去时才懂得珍惜，回应上句的内容。‎ ‎38．选A　根据上文，旅行的另一个重大益处是你能得到放松，故此处进一步谈你能享受没有压力的时间是非常好的，即放松自我。‎ ‎39．选C　根据下文，此处作为主题句与朋友或家人旅行时可以留下终生难忘的美好回忆。‎ ‎40．选F　根据上下文，上文谈到旅行成本越来越高，下文谈你可以通过网络或高科技选择自己旅行的支出预算，故此处谈的是有很多适合你的经济情况的航班等。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ It had been a nice and sunny day. I stepped slowly towards the edge of the cliff and looked out. The __41__ was wonderful. I could __42__ the gentle wind coming from the coast while watching the brilliant sunset.‎ My dad and I used to enjoy the sunset together on that very __43__. We would also watch the waves crash into the __44__ below. My mother would always annoy us how __45__ it was. I was never worried, __46__ I always felt safe next to my father, who spent most of his life out __47__ in his boat.‎ I remember one time on his boat I had __48__ off the back and into the cold water accidentally. My dad immediately jumped off to __49__ me. I would never forget that day, and from that point I knew __50__ would prevent my dad protecting me if I was in danger.‎ As I __51__ there on top of the cliff, I remembered the time I spent with my dad. I looked down sorrowfully at the urn (骨灰瓮) __52__. My father was my rock, someone I could __53__ when I needed him most. But now he was gone, and I felt sorrowful and __54__.‎ It had always been my father's last __55__ to have his ashes scattered at sea. I __56__ the urn, said a __57__ farewell (告别), and then slowly twisted off the lid. The wind started to change __58__， blowing out towards the sea. I looked last time down at my father's ashes and then __59__ for a moment. Finally, I scattered the contents over the cliff.‎ I wiped away tears, but it was perfect happiness rather than sadness, because I finally knew the man who __60__ so much to me, my father, was finally at peace.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过回忆和父亲在生活中的点点滴滴来表达“我”对父亲的怀念。‎ ‎41．A.journey　　　　　　　 B．condition C．view D．food 解析：选C　根据上一句“I stepped slowly towards the edge of the cliff and looked out.”和下一句中的“the brilliant sunset”可知，作者看到的是风景，故view“风景”符合语境。 journey意为“旅程”；condition意为“条件”；food意为“食物”。‎ ‎42．A.see B．feel C．hear D．smell 解析：选B　“我”能感受到温和的海风。see意为“看到”；feel意为“感受到”；hear意为“听见”；smell意为“闻到”。根据语境可知，B项正确。‎ ‎43．A.spot B．river C．field D．moment 解析：选A　“我”和父亲以前经常一起在那个地方欣赏日落。spot意为“地点”；river意为“河流”；field意为“田地”；moment意为“时刻”。根据语境可知，A项正确。‎ ‎44．A.wind B．rubbish C．walls D．rocks 解析：选D　我们会看到海浪冲击下面的岩石，故rock“岩石”符合语境。‎ ‎ 45.A.embarrassing B．interesting C．beautiful D．dangerous 解析：选D　母亲总是会生我们的气，(因为)那样看日落太危险了。故dangerous“危险的”符合语境。embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；beautiful意为“美丽的”。‎ ‎ 46.A.because B．when C．if D．though 解析：选A　“我”从不担心，因为当“我”在父亲身边的时候，总是感觉很安全。根据语境可知，此处需用because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎ 47.A.at peace B．at rest C．at sunset D．at sea 解析：选D　“我”父亲的大部分时间是在海上他的船上度过的。at peace意为“处于和平状态”；at rest意为“安息，静止的”；at sunset意为“日落时”；at sea意为“在海上”。根据语境可知，D项正确。‎ ‎ 48.A.jumped B．fallen C．dived D．swam 解析：选B　根据下文提到的父亲跳进海里救“我”可判断，“我”掉进海里了，故fall“落下，掉下”符合语境。jump意为“跳”；dive意为“跳水”；swim意为“游泳”。‎ ‎ 49.A.comfort B．search C．rescue D．follow 解析：选C　父亲马上跳下船去救“我”。comfort意为“安慰”；search意为“搜寻”；rescue意为“营救”；follow意为“跟随”。根据语境可知，C项正确。‎ ‎ 50.A.everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 解析：选C　从那时起，“我”认识到，如果自己遇上危险，没有任何东西能阻止父亲去保护“我”。everything意为“一切”；something意为“某事”；nothing意为“没有任何东西”；anything意为“任何事物”。根据语境可知，C项正确。‎ ‎ 51.A.stood B．lay C．hanged D．slept 解析：选A　当“我”站在悬崖的顶端。stand意为“站立”；lie意为“躺，撒谎”；hang意为“悬挂”；sleep意为“睡觉”。根据语境可知，A项正确。‎ ‎52．A.under my arm B．in my hand C．on my shoulder D．around my neck 解析：选B　“我”很悲痛地看着手里的骨灰瓮。故in my hand“在我的手里”符合语境。under my arm意为“在我的胳膊下”；on my shoulder意为“在我的肩膀上”；around my neck意为“在我的脖子上”。‎ ‎ 53.A.care for B．learn from C．depend on D．turn down 解析：选C　当“我”非常需要他时，父亲是“我”可依靠的人。care for意为“照看”；learn from意为“从……学到”；depend on意为“依靠，信赖”；turn down意为“拒绝，关小”。根据语境可知，C项正确。‎ ‎54．A.fearless B．hopeless C．careless D．shameless 解析：选B　但是现在他已离“我”而去，“我”感到悲伤和绝望。fearless意为“无畏的”；hopeless意为“绝望的”；careless意为“粗心的”；shameless意为“无耻的”。根据语境可知，B项正确。‎ ‎55．A.chance B．behaviour C．ambition D．wish 解析：选D　将骨灰洒在大海一直以来都是“我”父亲的愿望。chance意为“机会”；behaviour 意为“行为”；ambition意为“雄心”；wish意为“愿望”。根据语境可知，D项正确。‎ ‎56．A.looked back on B．looked out for C．looked down at D．looked up to 解析：选C　“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰瓮，默默地向它告别，然后慢慢旋开盖子。look back on意为“回顾”；look out for意为“留心”；look down at 意为“向下看”；look up to意为“尊敬”。根据语境可知，C项正确。根据本段中的“I looked last time down at my father's ashes”也可得出答案。‎ ‎57．A.silent B．shocking C．sudden D．strange 解析：选A　参见上题解析，silent“默默的”。‎ ‎58．A.speed B．distance C．force D．direction 解析：选D　海风开始改变方向，direction“方向”符合语境。speed意为“速度”；distance意为“距离”；force意为“武力”。‎ ‎59．A.screamed B．hesitated C．laughed D．complained 解析：选B　“我”犹豫了一会儿，故hesitate“犹豫”符合语境。scream意为“尖叫”；laugh意为“笑”；complain意为“抱怨”。‎ ‎60．A.helped B．meant C．owed D．did 解析：选B　因为“我”最终意识到这个对“我”非常重要的男人，“我”的父亲，终于得到了平静。mean so much to sb.“对某人非常有价值或重要”。help意为“帮助”；owe意为“将……归功于”；do意为“对……有效果”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Our weather is changing. It doesn't cause a particular drought or storm, but it makes such events more or less likely, and in the case of heat waves, __61__ lot more likely. The extraordinary heat wave that __62__ (kill) some 70,000 people in Europe in 2003 should have been a oncein500years event; at the current level of global warming, it has become a oncein40years event, according to a study __63__ (publish) last year. In Paris alone, that analysis found, climate change caused 506 extra __64__ (die) in 2003. If it continues unchecked, another recent study said, by late this century people living along the Persian Gulf may face many days __65__ hot that it will be unsafe __66__ (go) outside.‎ It's not just the heat：Global warming adds moisture (湿气) to the air, __67__ (remove) it from land and ocean. When rain is lacking (缺乏), it makes the drought even __68__ (bad). When rain or snow falls, it's more likely to be extreme; just think __69__ the 2016 floods in Paris or Houston. How climate change affects hurricanes and other tropical cyclones (热带气旋) is less certain. But by __70__ (heat) the ocean — the storm's energy source — it's likely to make them fiercer, if less frequent.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文，论述了全球变暖对气候变化所导致的影响。‎ ‎61．a　a lot是固定结构，在此修饰比较级more likely，意为“很，非常”。‎ ‎62．killed　由时间状语in 2003可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎63．published　publish作study的后置定语，且和study存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式。‎ ‎64．deaths　extra为形容词，其后应用名词，再由数字506可知，应填复数形式。‎ ‎65．so　so ... that意为“如此……以至于”。‎ ‎66．to go　it is unsafe to do sth.意为“做某事不安全”。‎ ‎67．removing　设空处在句中作状语，且和主语Global warming是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填其动词ing形式。‎ ‎68．worse　由上下文意思以及前面的修饰词even可知，应填比较级形式。‎ ‎69．of　think of意为“想一想”。‎ ‎70．heating　设空处作介词by的宾语，故填其动词ing形式。‎ 第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ One day my uncle had been riding a horse in rain when he reached a small restaurant. Wet and coldly, and he wanted to warm himself very much. However, the restaurant was too crowded with people that he could not get near the fire. “Taking some fish to my horse！” he called out to the waiter. “Sorry, sir. But a horse didn't eat fish！” the waiter answered. “Never mind, just do as I tell you，” my uncle said. The crowd of people felt surprising at the strange order. To see a horse eat fish, all of whom ran out. Having the whole room to himself, my uncle sat down besides the fire and began warm himself.‎ 答案：第一句：rain前加the 第二句：coldly→cold; 去掉第二个and 第三句：too→so 第四句：Taking→Take 第五句：didn't→doesn't 第七句：surprising→surprised 第八句：whom→them 第九句：besides→beside; warm前加to或warm→warming 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假如你是济南第一中学(Jinan No.1 High School)的李华，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。请根据以下启事，写一封英文申请信。词数100左右。‎ 启事：国际儿童基金会将帮助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费5 000元。‎ 有意者请来信告知：‎ ‎1．你个人的基本情况；‎ ‎2．你对申请项目的基本设想；‎ ‎3．项目经费的使用计划。‎ 联系方式：2018hope@icf.org ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Chairman，‎ I'm writing to you to apply for the project, which will offer me an opportunity to help more children.‎ First, I'll introduce myself to you. I'm Li Hua, a Senior 2 student of good character and fine scholarship at Jinan No.1 High School. I'm always ready to help others in my daily life. If I succeed in applying for it, I'll keep in touch with the poor children frequently by writing letters, emails or meeting face to face. In the meanwhile, I'll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune.‎ Taking the project fund into account, I'll divide it into two parts. One is used for their tuition; the other is for their daily life.‎ Such is my plan. I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua