2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案设计（34页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案设计（34页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1．invention n．发明 ‎2．progress n．进步 ‎3．digital adj.数字的 ‎4．breakthrough n．突破 ‎5．technical adj.技术的 ‎6．automatic adj.自动的 ‎7．make a study of研究 ‎8．shop online网上购物 ‎9．surf the Internet网上冲浪 ‎10．browse the web page浏览网页 话题佳作 目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人却反对。根据下面的表格，用英语写一篇文章，并阐述自己的态度和看法。‎ 支持 ‎1.制造器官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)。‎ ‎2.帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子。‎ ‎3.帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。‎ 反对 ‎1.对人的生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一。‎ ‎2.在动物界创造出更多的疾病。‎ ‎3.使地球人口激增。‎ 你的看法 ‎……‎ 佳作欣赏 Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.Is it good or bad？Different people have different opinions.‎ Some people are in favour of cloning technology.They think the technology is of great benefit.Firstly，it can be used to produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to cure diseases like cancer.Secondly，it can help those who are unable to have a baby but want a baby genetically related to themselves.Besides，it can help those who want to clone their dead relatives.‎ However，a few people object to it.They believe cloning shows no respect for human life，and human life would no longer be unique.More seriously，it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earth’s population to increase fast.‎ In my opinion，although the technique is beneficial to mankind in many aspects，cloning human beings will be at the cost of the existence of mankind itself.‎ 名师点睛 本文第一段提出话题，第二段说明克隆的优点，第三段是克隆的缺点，第四段是表述作者自己的观点。中间两段按照要点进行陈述，要点齐全，表达清晰明确。文章灵活运用了高级句式，如：宾语从句、定语从句、让步状语从句以及过去分词短语作定语。同时，文中的一些高级词汇也给短文增加了不少亮点，如：in favour of，object to，show respect for，be beneficial to，at the cost of等。另外，一些过渡词，如firstly，secondly，besides，however等的使用，使行文流畅，衔接自然。‎ 单元基础知识回顾 Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．differ vi.不同；相异 different adj.不同的 difference n．不同；差异 ‎2．exact adj.精确的；准确的 ‎3．object vi.反对；不赞成 ‎4．obtain vt.获得；赢得 ‎5．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……‎ ‎6．retire vi.退休；离开 retirement n．退休；离开 ‎7．bother vt.打扰；vi.操心；n.烦扰 ‎8．strike vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工；n.罢工 ‎9．resist vt.抵抗；对抗 resistance n．抵抗；阻力；抗力；电阻 ‎10．reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 reason n．原因；理由 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎11．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担 ‎12．breakthrough n．突破 ‎13．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续 ‎14．altogether adv.总共；完全地 ‎15．arbitrary adj.任意的 ‎16．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 ‎17．forbid vt.禁止；不准 ‎18．accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积 accumulation n．积累；累积；堆积物 ‎ ‎19．compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的 ‎20．assumption n．假定；设想 assume vt.假定；设想 ‎21．regulation n．规则；规章；法规 regular adj.有规律的；规则的；定期的；经常的 ‎22．initial adj.最初的；开始的 ‎23．vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 ‎24．drawback n．缺点；不利条件 ‎25．decoration n．装饰 decorate v．装饰 ‎26．adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．Nobody entering a university knows exactly(exact) what they want to study.(2016·浙江)‎ ‎2．They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.(differ)(2016·四川)‎ ‎3．I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement(retire) party.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎4．There has been a lot of resistance(resist) to this new law.‎ ‎5．The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration(decorate)，but the environment is truly charming.‎ ‎6．The facts proved her assumption(assume) wrong.‎ 核心短语突破 ‎1．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎2．cast down使失望；使沮丧 ‎3．in favour of赞成；支持 ‎4．(be) bound to (do)．..一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎5．strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心 ‎6．from time to time不时，偶尔 ‎7．bring back to life使复生；使复活 ‎8．in vain白费力气；枉费心机 ‎9．in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ People differ greatly in cloning technique.Some people are 1.in favour of(支持) its development，for they believe it will 2.be bound to(一定会) benefit us.On the contrary，others feel 3.cast down(沮丧) to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.In my opinion，cloning will 4.pay off(有所回报) sooner or later on condition that all undertake to use it properly.‎ 核心句式突破 ‎1．动词不定式作目的状语 It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.‎ 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时，它(克隆)就发生了。‎ 仿写　熟练工人也将各种硬木和金属结合，创造出独特的设计。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.‎ ‎2．that引导同位语从句 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。‎ 仿写　我们被邀请去参加会议的消息令人鼓舞。‎ The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.‎ ‎3．whether...or...‎ However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.‎ 然而，科学家们仍然想知道克隆技术是会帮助我们还是伤害我们，以及它将把我们引向何处。‎ 仿写 ‎　专家说家的设计样式对于你的体重增加还是减轻起着一定的作用。(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.‎ ‎4．if虚拟条件句 Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?‎ 如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决呢？‎ 仿写　你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮助你。(2016·北京)‎ Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week？If you had told me，I could have helped.‎ ‎ ‎ 教材与考点链接 ‎ differ vi.不同；相异；意见相左 ‎(1)Because a college community differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.‎ 因为大学社区与家庭不同，许多学生都会努力寻找一种归属感。(2016·北京)‎ ‎(2)Changing schools did make a difference to my life.‎ 转学确实对我的生活产生了影响。‎ ‎(1)differ from不同于……；和……不同 differ in在……方面不同 differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议 ‎(2)make a difference to...对……有影响/起作用 tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B ‎(3)be different from...in...在……方面与……不同 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.‎ ‎(2)I have to differ with you about/on/over that.‎ ‎(3)What you have told me may make a difference to my own position.‎ ‎(4)They are twins，so it’s hard for me to tell the ‎ difference between them.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。‎ ‎①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)‎ ‎②British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)‎ ‎③There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)‎ ‎ objection n．不赞成；反对；异议 ‎(1)I’d like to come too，if you have no objection.‎ 如果你不反对，我也想来。(牛津词典)‎ ‎(2)My mother objected to every boy I brought home.‎ 我带回家的男孩，我母亲一个都不喜欢。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(1)raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议 have/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.对(做)某事表示反对 ‎(2)object to sb./sth.反对；不赞成 object to (sb.’s) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Unless our manager objects to Tom’s joining(join) the club，we shall accept him as a member.‎ ‎(2)Despite objections(object) by the White House，the Senate voted today to cut off aid.‎ ‎(3)Most students object to being charged(charge) for parking on the campus.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)一些同学反对这个方案。‎ ‎①Some students object to the plan.(object)‎ ‎②Some students raise an objection to或have/make an objection to/against the plan.(objection)‎ ‎③Some students are against the plan.(against)‎ ‎④Some students oppose the plan.(oppose)‎ ‎⑤Some students are opposed to the plan.(opposed)‎ ‎ forbid vt.禁止；不准 ‎(1)In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman.‎ 在中东的一些国家，是禁止把肌肤露在外面的，尤其是妇女。(2014·重庆)‎ ‎(2)He has even forbidden me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café！‎ 他甚至不准我去网吧会见我的网友！‎ forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 It’s forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It’s forbidden to marry(marry) someone who is not a member of the same faith.‎ ‎(2)The new law forbids smoking(smoke) in offices.‎ ‎(3)Everyone is forbidden to smoke(smoke) here.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him.(用it作形式主语改写)‎ It’s forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him.‎ ‎ owe v．欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于……；归功于……‎ ‎(1)I owe my brother50.‎ 我欠我弟弟50美元。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)He owes his success to his teachers and parents.‎ 他把成功归功于老师和父母。‎ ‎(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物；把……归功于……‎ owe it to sb.to do sth.应该为某人做某事 ‎(2)owing to由于 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Owing to bad weather，this morning’s flight will be delayed.‎ ‎(2)He owed 300 to me.‎ ‎(3)I owe everything to him.‎ ‎(4)You owe it to your supporters not to give up now.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)由于下雨，运动会不得不推迟。‎ ‎①Owing to the rain，the sports meeting had to be put off.(owing to)‎ ‎②Because of the rain，the sports meeting had to be put off.(because of)‎ ‎③On account of the rain，the sports meeting had to be put off.(on account of)‎ ‎ bother v．打扰；操心 n．[U]烦扰；麻烦；困难；[C]麻烦的事；讨厌的人 ‎(1)So long as she had a slice to eat，she never bothered the one on her head.‎ 只要有一片吃着，她就不会费心理会头上的那一片。(2015·四川)‎ ‎(2)He didn’t even bother to say thank you.‎ 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。‎ bother to do/doing sth.费心/特意做某事 bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother with/about sth.为某事烦恼 have bother (in) doing sth.费劲/有麻烦做某事 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)What a bother！We’ve missed the bus.‎ ‎(2)Don’t bother yourself to do/doing(do) it.‎ ‎(3)Most of the papers didn’t even bother reporting/to report(report) it.‎ ‎(4)I cannot be bothered with/about all that sort of thing.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)你找到这所房子费劲吗？‎ ‎①Did you have much bother (in) finding the house？(bother)‎ ‎②Did you have trouble/difficulty (in) finding the house？(trouble/difficulty)‎ ‎ strike vt.& vi.打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响报(时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；打击 ‎(1)A snowball struck him on the back of the head.‎ 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)It strikes me that you are not serious about it.‎ 我觉得你并未把这事当真。‎ be struck with/by为……所袭击(感动)‎ It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是……‎ sth.strike sb.(＝sb.strike on sth.)某人想到……‎ be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 ‎[写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲 ‎(2)He hit me，so I struck him back.打 ‎(3)The girl struck a match and lit a candle.擦(火柴)‎ ‎(4)She was struck by his kindness.打动 ‎(5)They have been on strike for several days.罢工 ‎(6)A big earthquake struck the area last week.侵袭 ‎ in good/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏) ‎(1)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.‎ 这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。(朗文辞典)‎ ‎(2)She arrived late because her bicycle was out of condition.‎ 她的自行车出了毛病，所以迟到了。‎ ‎(1)out of condition健康状况欠佳 ‎(2)on condition that...在……条件下；倘若……‎ on no condition ‎ 一点也不；绝不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎(3)working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。‎ What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.‎ ‎(2)这些书你可以借三个礼拜，条件是你必须好好保存。‎ You can keep the books for about three weeks on condition that you preserve them well.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)‎ On no condition should you tell him what has happened.‎ ‎ pay off得到好结果；付清；(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.‎ ‎(2)He had to work parttime so as to pay for his education.‎ ‎(3)The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid off.‎ ‎(4)Would you like to pay a visit to us when you are free?‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)If you learn to read better and write better，there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.(用现在分词短语作定语改写)‎ If you learn to read better and write better，there are big benefits paying off in all your studies.‎ ‎ Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure？,如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决呢？‎ 句型：if虚拟条件句 ‎(1)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one，I would have been injured.‎ 我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。(2016·天津)‎ ‎(2)If I were you，I should go and see the dentist at once.‎ 如果我是你的话，我会马上去看牙医。‎ 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)‎ would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 ‎(1)动词的过去式 ‎(2)were to＋动词原形 ‎(3)should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形 ‎(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had，should，were时，可将if省略，而将had，should，were置于句首，采用倒装结构。若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，不能用谓语动词的省略形式。‎ ‎(2)当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ ‎(3)有时不是用条件句而是由介词短语(without 没有，but for要不是)、连词(but但是)、副词(otherwise否则)等或上下文来含蓄地表示某种假设的情况。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved(save)．‎ ‎(2)This printer is of good quality.If it should break/broke/were to break(break) down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.‎ ‎(3)We would be(be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.‎ ‎(4)If Tom had spent(spend) more time studying，he would be(be) able to do well in the test now.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。‎ ‎①If there hadn’t been your help，we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ ‎②But for your help，we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ ‎③If it had not been for your help，we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ ‎④Without your help，we couldn’t have succeeded. ‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of 1.another animal or plant.2.It has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.valuable(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However，the process of cloning is difficult 4.to undertake(undertake)．‎ The first successful clone，Dolly the sheep,5.made(make) the whole scientific world follow its process，though it had 6.more(many) problems than the normal sheep.But on the other hand，Dolly’s 7.appearance(appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.on the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.9.However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.where it is leading us.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers.And they are not the only one.The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaurs.In fact，we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals.From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know now，it is possible.So dinosaurs’ returned to the earth is merely a dream.‎ 答案 The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals always excited film makers.And they are not the only .The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in a scientist clones several of extinct dinosaurs.In fact，we are long way from being able to clone extinct ‎ animals.From time to time people that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know now，it is .So dinosaurs’ to the earth is merely a dream.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于克隆)‎ ‎1．现在许多国家研究克隆。‎ ‎2．人们对克隆有不同的看法。‎ ‎3．有些人很沮丧，他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。‎ ‎4．实际上许多国家从事克隆研究并且已经取得了重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用because引导的原因状语从句，that引导的宾语从句。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Nowadays many countries do research on cloning.People’s ideas of cloning differ.Some feel cast down because they think that it is not morally reasonable and should be ‎ forbidden.Actually many countries undertake the research on cloning and have obtained great breakthrough，and therefore we are unable to resist it. ‎ 教材综合知识运用 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.‎ ‎2．Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable(reason) enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.(2016·江苏)‎ ‎3．In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain.‎ ‎4．According to the card，if you are unable to go(go)，you can contact Alice’s mother.(2015·四川)‎ ‎5．“You are forbidden to say(say) ‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，” Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’．”(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎6．Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations(regulate) that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.‎ ‎7．So far the wellknown journalist has accumulated(accumulate) more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.(2014·湖北)‎ ‎8．There is no objection(object) to your opening the window.‎ ‎9．He may win the competition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team.‎ ‎10．This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating(eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A British scientists have done something that many people thought was impossible：they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物)．The clone，named Dolly，is a sevenmonthold sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.‎ What is a clone？A clone is a copy—a genetic copy.Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique.But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体)．‎ Cloning is not new.Plants have been cloned for centuries.New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant.Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations (康乃馨) are sometimes cloned.One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.‎ It has been much more difficult to clone animals.Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs.Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos(胚胎)．But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal.How did they do it?‎ ‎(1)An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.‎ ‎(2)The egg nucleus(细胞核) was removed.‎ ‎(3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房) of a pregnant(怀孕的) sheep.It was “starved”，so that it stopped growing.‎ ‎(4)The two cells were combined into one and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.‎ ‎(5)The clone was born.It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep in Step (3)．‎ This sounds much easier than it actually was.To end up with ‎ one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells.And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus.They did that by starving the cell in Step (3)．‎ It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals.Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings？We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology.Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?‎ ‎11．Dolly is a sheep because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.‎ A．that has no father B．that has no mother C．that has no parents D．that has no tail 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。从文中可以看出，多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的，所以它没有父母，而是那只羊的一个翻版。‎ ‎12．Tell which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．Only plants can be cloned.‎ B．Only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned.‎ C．Animals and plants have quite a long history of cloning.‎ D．Genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎13．From the fourth paragraph we can know that .‎ A．a tadpole is the early stage of a grownup frog B．a tadpole is a frog without a tail C．a tadpole is a kind of animal D．a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由文章第四段第二句可知，人们曾经克隆过青蛙，但在蝌蚪阶段就死了，并没有进入成年青蛙阶段。因此我们可以判断，蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态，故A项“蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态”正确。‎ ‎14．Which of the following statements about Dolly is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Dolly is the first clone of an animal.‎ B．Dolly is the first clone of an adult animal.‎ C．Dolly is the first clone of a mammal.‎ D．Dolly is the first clone of an adult mammal.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“...they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物)．”可知答案应为D项。‎ B ‎(2016·贵州凯里一中高考模拟)‎ Time for Kids(TFK) gets the great news on the coolest toys for 2014 at the 111th American International Toy Fair.‎ What’s fourday long，bigger than seven football fields，and filled with thousands of toys？It’s Toy Fair 2014!‎ Each year，hundreds of toy companies from across the country come together in New York City.All kinds of products are shown as a way to know what’s to come in the new ‎ year.This year’s trends(款式) include oversize toys.“In 2014，everything is really big and really out there，” says Adrienne Appell，a toytrends expert.‎ Toy Fair is the largest toy trade show in the Western Hemisphere(西半球)．Toystore buyers go to the event to decide which toys they may want to sell during the holiday season.Members of the media，like TFK，go to the fair to report back on all the cool trends.Unfortunately，Toy Fair is not open to the public.‎ This year’s Toy Fair was the biggest in its 111year history.More than 1,000 toy companies showed products from simple card games to hightech robots.“Larger Than Life” was a Toy Fair favorite.This trend is all about big toys with a big play value.‎ Though it is all fun and games at Toy Fair，we saw lots of products making a push towards education，with STEAM.That stands for science，technology，engineering，art，and math.This trend includes word games.And of course，we saw some super cool, hightech games.“Technology is always going to influence toys，” says Appell.“This year we saw lots of 3D games，and robots.”‎ To know more information about the event，click(点击) here to watch the video.‎ ‎15．The American International Toy Fair .‎ A．attracts very few people B．cannot be visited by everyone C．is held every two years D．has a short history 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Unfortunately，Toy Fair is not open to the public.”可知，选B。‎ ‎16．What can we infer from Toy Fair 2014?‎ A．Toys are becoming more educational than fun.‎ B．Robots are great favorites of buyers.‎ C．Big toys will be popular this year.‎ D．Simple card games will disappear on the market.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“This year’s trends(款式) include oversize toys.‘In 2014，everything is really big and really out there，’says Adrienne Appell，a toytrends expert.”可知，选C。‎ ‎17．What’s special about Toy Fair 2014?‎ A．It is the largest.‎ B．It is the longest.‎ C．It sells all of its toys.‎ D．It’s held in New York City.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“This year’s Toy Fair was the biggest in its 111year history.”可知，选A。‎ ‎18．The text is taken from a .‎ A．website B．newspaper C．magazine D．textbook 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据最后一段“To know more information about the event，click(点击) here to watch the video.”‎ 可知，选A。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·云南临沧一中月考)‎ The dark chocolate is one of the favorite food choices by many people because it has a lot of benefits 19. it comes to your health.Here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate on health.‎ First of all，it contains different kinds of antioxidants(抗氧化剂) which 20. (be) good for heart.Besides，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇)，lowering the risks of stroke and taking away the risk of blood vessels which may 21. (hard) for too much cholesterol in them.‎ Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after 22. (jog)？This feeling is like extreme happiness.The dark chocolate will give you the feeling of 23. (please) and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then dark chocolate can be 24. mood lifter.‎ These are commonly the effects of chocolate on health.It ‎ can benefit you especially if 25. (take) with the right amount.26. (approximate)，100 grams of chocolate 27. less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try to lessen your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide 28. you.‎ ‎19．答案　when 解析　考查连词。when it comes to...当涉及到……，当谈到……，为常用句式。 ‎ ‎20．答案　are 解析　考查主谓一致。此处为定语从句，其先行词是kinds of antioxidants，在从句中作主语，故用复数谓语动词。‎ ‎21．答案　harden 解析　考查动词。harden意为“硬化……”，从上句意思可知这种巧克力会把硬化血液器官的胆固醇清除。hard为形容词，其动词形式用harden。‎ ‎22．答案　jogging 解析　考查动名词。after为介词，其后跟动词的ing形式。‎ ‎23．答案　pleasure 解析　考查名词。此处并列连词and后用名词happiness，故前面也用名词形式。pleasure和happiness共同作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎24．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处指黑色巧克力的好处。 mood lifter开心果，为泛指概念，故用冠词a。‎ ‎25．答案　taken 解析　考查过去分词。此处为省略形式，补全后为if it is taken。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可省去从句主语及be动词。故此处用“连词＋过去分词”的省略形式。‎ ‎26．答案　Approximately 解析　考查副词。approximately意为“大体上”，为插入语，在句中作状语。‎ ‎27．答案　or 解析　考查连词。此处意思“一天吃100克的巧克力或者更少”。两者之间为选择，故填or。‎ ‎28．答案　for 解析　考查介词。provide...for...意为“给……提供……”。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·河北石家庄辛集中学期中)‎ As a senior three student，it won’t take long after I graduate.Now，I have many to share with my fellow students.‎ Firstly，I’d like to show my appreciation to those who stand by me all the way，teachers，parents and friends including.Without their help or advice，my life will be different.Secondly，it’s high time for I to say sorry to the classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.I firm believe that communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship.Thirdly，I’ve made my mind to make every effort to study，for hard work is the key to a success.Finally I want to express my hope that all the young fellow can make full use of time，because time and tide waiting for no man.‎ 答案 As a senior three student，it won’t take long I graduate.Now，I have to share with my fellow students.‎ Firstly，I’d like to show my appreciation to those who stand by me all the way，teachers，parents and friends ‎ .Without their help or advice，my life be different.Secondly，it’s high time for to say sorry to the classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.I believe that communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship.Thirdly，I’ve made my mind to make every effort to study，for hard work is the key to a success.Finally I want to express my hope that all the young can make full use of time，because time and tide for no man.‎ ‎29．答案　after→before 解析　“It won’t take＋long＋before从句”是固定句型，意为“过不了多久就……”，故把after改为before。‎ ‎30．答案　many→much 解析　此处与同学们共享的是内心的一些感受和领悟，属于抽象名词，要用much来指代，故把many改为much。‎ ‎31．答案　including→included 解析　teachers，parents and ‎ friends与include之间是被动关系，要用过去分词表被动，故把including改为included。如果把teachers，parents and friends放在include的后面，则要用including。‎ ‎32．答案　will→would 解析　此处是由without引导的含蓄虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反的假设，句子的谓语动词用“would＋动词原形”，故把will改为would。‎ ‎33．答案　I→me 解析　介词for后面的宾语要用宾格，故把I改为me。‎ ‎34．答案　firm→firmly 解析　修饰动词believe要用副词，故把firm改为firmly。‎ ‎35．答案　make后加up 解析　make up one’s mind to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“下决心做某事”，故在make后面加up。‎ ‎36．答案　删除a 解析　success作“成功”之意时是不可数名词，故删除不定冠词a。‎ ‎37．答案　fellow→fellows 解析　fellow前面有all限定，指“所有年轻的同龄人”，表示复数概念，故把fellow改为fellows。‎ ‎38．答案　waiting→wait 解析　because引导原因状语从句，wait是谓语动词，句子主语是time and tide，谓语要用复数；又因为这是一句谚语，公理和谚语常常用一般现在时态，故把waiting改为wait。Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待(时间不等人)。‎