2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十三：气候变化或导致鸟类灭绝

2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十三：气候变化或导致鸟类灭绝

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之十三：气候变化或导致鸟类灭绝 气候变化或导致鸟类灭绝 VOA 读前导读：‎ 数位科学家重新进行了1985年在秘鲁的鸟类研究。该研究表明，气候变化正在迫使鸟类从大自然灭绝。‎ 一：高级实词荟萃 1. Movement n. ‎ 2. Academy n. ‎ 3. Collapse n./v 4. ‎ Environment n. ‎ 5. Urban adj. ‎ 6. Director n. ‎ 7. Document n. /vt 8. Tropical adj. ‎ 9. Established adj. ‎ 10. Recording n. ‎ 11. Recreate vt 12. Researcher n 13. Population n 14. decrease v 15. completely. adv 16. co-writer n 17. sources n 18. force n/vt 19. elevation n 20. extinction. n 1. establish vt 2. alongside prep 3. tropical adj 4. release vt 5. detailed adj 6. device n 7. especially adv 8. climate n 二：高级词汇拓展 1. director n. 董事，经理，主管，指导者，导演 vt ________________‎ 2. established adj. 已被确认的，确定的，建立的， vt ____________建立 3. recreate重建 vt create n 创造____________ n创造家 ____________ adj ____________adv ____________‎ 4. completely.完全正确 adj ____________‎ 5. extinction.灭绝。adj ____________‎ 6. detailed详细的 n ____________‎ 7. especially尤其地 adj ____________‎ 三：高级短语荟萃 ‎1. climate change ‎ ‎2. in reaction to ‎ ‎3. set out ‎ ‎4. be used to doing sth ‎ 5. natural environment.‎ 6. birds living on a mountainside ‎ 7. move to higher places in the mountain 8. decrease in size 9. at the higher elevations 10. die out completely.‎ 11. because of temperature changes 12. food sources ‎ 5. force them to go higher.‎ 6. document birds and other animals ‎ 7. that rising temperatures ‎ 8. lead to extinction.‎ 9. establish a camp ‎ 10. alongside a river running down a mountainside ‎ 11. detailed notes of birds t 12. The average temperatures ‎ 13. place 20 sound recording devices 14. an average of 98 meters further up the mountain 15. be especially at risk 原汁文章思维能力提升训练 ‎ Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment.‎ Thirty years ago, researchers studied more than 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at the higher elevations had died out completely.‎ John W. Fitzpatrick is director of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and a co-writer of the study. He said, Once you move up as far as you can go, there's nowhere else left.‎ The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or, they say, changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher.‎ The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.‎ Past research has documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban is director of the Center of Biological Risk at the University of Connecticut. He said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.‎ In 1985, Fitzpatrick and a team of scientists established a camp alongside a river running down a mountainside in southeastern Peru. He wanted to document where tropical bird groups there ‎ lived. His team spent several weeks using nets to catch and release birds. They kept detailed notes of birds they caught, saw or heard.‎ In 2016, Fitzpatrick passed his notes, photos and other records to Benjamin Freeman. He is with the Biodiversity Research Centre at the University of British Columbia. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatrick's study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.‎ Freeman's team wanted to see how things had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius.‎ Freeman's team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.‎ Freeman said that the birds moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain. He said he believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds' movement.‎ Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, We should expect that what's happening on this mountain top is happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.‎ 1. Where is the passage possibly from?‎ 2. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ 3. What is the aim of Fitzpatrick and his team’s research?‎ 4. Why do birds move up the mountain?‎ 5. According to Freeman , what is the main reason for birds’ movement up the top?‎ 五：报刊复杂句式品鉴。‎ ‎1. Past research has documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. ‎ 翻译：__________________________________________________________________‎ 解析：本句中注意document本意是文件；这里是动词：_______________________________。‎ 本句的主干为：_____________________________________。其中moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. 为现在分词短语修饰前面的名词短语，作它们的______________________________定语。‎ ‎2. He said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.‎ 翻译：_______________________________________________________‎ 解析：这个长句子含有主句he said+_____________从句：this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.而宾语从句含有另外一个宾语从句：__________________________. 这个宾语从句的主语是动名词短语：__________________________________________‎ 双语赏析 Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment.‎ 数位科学家重新进行了1985年在秘鲁的鸟类研究。该研究表明，气候变化正在迫使鸟类从大自然灭绝。‎ Thirty years ago, researchers studied more than 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at the higher elevations had died out completely.‎ ‎30年前，多位科学家研究了400多种生活在秘鲁山坡的鸟类。2017年，科学家回顾了这些鸟类的数据。他们发现，几乎所有鸟类都迁徙到了山上更高的地方。几乎鸟类体型都变小了。此外，该研究的科学家还表示，至少8种鸟类原本生活在更高的海拔上，但现在已经彻底灭绝了。‎ John W. Fitzpatrick is director of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and a co-writer of the study. He said, Once you move up as far as you can go, there's nowhere else left.‎ 约翰是康奈尔鸟类学实验室的负责人，也是该研究的一位署名作者。他表示，越往上看，越了无生趣。‎ The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or, they say, changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher.‎ 研究人员表示，这些鸟类之所以往上迁徙是因为气温变化。也就是说，食物来源的变化可能迫使它们向上迁徙。‎ The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.‎ 他们的发现成果发表在了《美国国家科学院院刊》上。‎ Past research has documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban is director of the Center of Biological Risk at the University of Connecticut. He said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.‎ 以前有研究发现鸟类等动物会随着气温的升高而向上迁徙。马克是康涅狄格大学生物风险中心的负责人。他表示，最近的这项研究首次证明了气温升高带来的向上迁徙会导致它们死亡。‎ In 1985, Fitzpatrick and a team of scientists established a camp alongside a river running down a mountainside in southeastern Peru. He wanted to document where tropical bird groups there lived. His team spent several weeks using nets to catch and release birds. They kept detailed notes of birds they caught, saw or heard.‎ ‎1985年，菲茨帕特里克和一组科学家建起了一个营地，营地就在一条小河旁边，河水顺着秘鲁东南部的山坡流下。菲茨帕特里克向记录那里的热带鸟类在哪儿生活。他的团队耗时数周，用网来捕捉并释放鸟类。他们记录了捕捉到的、看到的和听到的鸟类的细节信息。‎ In 2016, Fitzpatrick passed his notes, photos and other records to Benjamin Freeman. He is ‎ with the Biodiversity Research Centre at the University of British Columbia. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatrick's study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.‎ ‎2016年，菲茨帕特里克将自己的笔记、照片等记录交给了本杰明·弗里曼。后者在不列颠哥伦比亚大学生物多样性研究中心任职。弗里曼研究热带鸟类已有10多年的时间。他从2017年8月和9月开始做菲茨帕特里克的研究。弗里曼的团队也用了相同的方法——每年在同一时间搜寻相同的地方。‎ Freeman's team wanted to see how things had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius.‎ 弗里曼的团队想知道自1985年以来鸟类族群发生了哪些变化。山上的平均温度升高了0.42摄氏度。‎ Freeman's team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.‎ 弗里曼的团队将20个录音设备放置在山上，以记录鸟类的声音，因为有些鸟类可能不太容易遇到。‎ Freeman said that the birds moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain. He said he believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds' movement.‎ 弗里曼表示，所有鸟类平均向上迁徙了98米。他表示自己相信温度是鸟类迁徙的主要原因。‎ Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, We should expect that what's happening on this mountain top is happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.‎ 菲茨帕特里克表示，习惯在温差不大的地区生活的鸟类可能尤其濒临危险，因为全球产生了气候变化。他表示，我们应该料想到，这座山顶正在发生的一切也在安第斯山脉等热带山脉普遍发生着。‎ 同话题泛读 More than 11,000 Scientists Declare 'Climate Emergency'‎ 科学家宣布地球已进入“气候紧急状态”‎ More than 11,000 scientists are warning that the Earth, in their words, "clearly and unequivocally faces a climate emergency."‎ 超过1.1万名科学家警告称，用他们的话来说是，地球“显然且毫无疑问面临着气候紧急状况。” The scientists represent several fields of study and come from 150 countries around the world. They approved a report that appeared in the publication Bioscience earlier this month. It warns that the world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.‎ 这些科学家们来自全球150个国家，代表了多个研究领域。他们批准的一份报告本月初发表在《生物科学》杂志上。该报告警告称，如果不对影响气候变化的人类活动作出深刻而持久的改变，世界将面临“巨大的人类苦难。” The new report is called the "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency." Three leaders of the study are from the United States. They are ecologists Bill Ripple and Christopher Wolf of Oregon State University and William Moomaw of Tufts University in Massachusetts. The three worked on the study with scientists from universities in South Africa and Australia.‎ 这份新报告名为《全球科学家对气候紧急状况发出的警告》。该研究的三位领导者来自美国。他们是俄勒冈州立大学的生态学家比尔·瑞博和克里斯托弗·沃尔夫，以及马萨诸塞州塔夫茨大学的威廉·穆茂。三位科学家与来自南非和澳大利亚各大学的科学家们一起进行了这项研究。‎ This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly used the word "emergency" when talking about climate change.‎ 这是首次大批科学家谈到气候变化时都使用了“紧急状况”。 "Despite 40 years of global climate negotiations...we have generally conducted business as usual and have largely failed to address this predicament," the study said. "Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected."‎ 研究称：“尽管全球气候谈判已经进行了40年，但我们一直无甚进展，并且在很大程度上未能解决这一困境。气候变化已经到来，并且以超过许多科学家预期的速度加速进行。” The report identified six areas that the world needs to deal with immediately. The scientists appealed to nations to use energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels. They suggested ‎ that lawmakers approve taxes on the burning of carbon-based fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas.‎ 报告确立了全球需要立即处理的6大领域。科学家们呼吁各国更加有效地利用能源并减少化石燃料的使用。他们建议立法者批准对燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气等碳基燃料征税。 The scientists expressed support for women's rights and making family planning services "available to all people." They said this would help to reduce sudden or unexpected changes in the size of the human population.‎ 科学家们表达了对妇女权利的支持，并使计划生育服务“向所有人开放。”他们表示，这将会有助于减少人口规模突然或意外的变化。‎ The report urges people to move toward more of a plant-based diet.‎ 报告呼吁人们更多地转向植物性饮食。‎ Other areas of concern include preventing the destruction of forests and permanent loss of some plant and animal species.‎ 其它令人关注的领域包括防止森林遭到破坏，以及防止某些动植物物种遭受永久性损失。 The reported noted that it will most likely take strong actions by the public to move politicians to approve lasting policy changes.‎ 报告指出，公众很可能会采取强有力的行动，促使政客批准可持续的政策改革。‎ The scientists added, "We believe that the prospects will be greatest if decision-makers and all of humanity promptly respond to this warning and declaration of a climate emergency, and act to sustain life on planet Earth, our only home."‎ 科学家们补充说：“我们相信，如果决策者和全人类迅速响应这一警告并宣布气候紧急状态，采取行动维护地球这个唯一家园的生命，那么将迎来伟大的前景。”‎ 你的泛读笔记