高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题2完形填空技法6利用词法和句法结构解题讲练

高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题2完形填空技法6利用词法和句法结构解题讲练

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 技法 6| 利用词法和句法结构解题 完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义 词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关 键。 [典例 1] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When we handed him the bag of 52.food，he lit up and thanked us with__53__eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for__54__his family might need，he burst into tears. 53.A.sleepy B．watery C．curious D．sharp 54．A.whoever B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever 解析：53 题考查词义辨析。四个词都可以修饰 eyes，但通过 thanked 我们可推知应是 感动得眼睛湿润(watery)了，故选 B。54 题考查句法结构，介词 for 后面为宾语从句，引导 词引导宾语从句且在从句中作 need 的宾语，应用代词 whatever，故选 B。 [典例 2] (2015·天津高考)We finally did and it was 20.love at first sight.It was Our Home，small and charming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and __21__ of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming of __22__ it would be like to live there. 21.A.pride B．happiness C．challenge D．desire 22．A.which B．why C．that D．what 解析：21 题考查词义辨析。由空前的 warmth and 可知此空应该填与 warmth 并列的词 且都是表积极态度的词，选项中只有 happiness 符合，故选 B。22 题考查句法结构，此空格 引导介词 of 的宾语从句，且从句中缺少介词 like 的宾语，应选 what，故选 D。 A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 (2016·江苏高考) Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were __1__，Kurt asked me，“John，what is your __2__ for personal growth？” Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life that might __3__ for growth.I told him about the many activities in which I was __4__．And I went into a __5__ about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt __6__ patiently，but then he __7__ smiled and said，“You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？” “No，” I __8__． “You know，” Kurt said simply，“growth is not a(n) __9__ process.” And that's when it __10__ me.I wasn't doing anything __11__ to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the __12__：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my __13__． That night，I talked to my wife about my __14__ with Kurt and what I had learned.I __15__ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We __16__ that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale.He was offering a __17__ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams. Several important things happened that day.First，we decided to __18__ the resources.But more importantly，we made a commitment to __19__ together as a couple.From that day on，we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together.It was a __20__ decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together. 本文是一篇记叙文。Kurt 的关于人生规划的话激发了作者的思考，作者明白了成长不 是一个人漫无目的地打拼，于是他选择和妻子一起成长。 1．A.working B．preparing C．thinking D．eating D [上文语境题。联系前文的 for breakfast 我们知道，作者和对方在吃(eat)早餐。 work 工作；prepare 准备；think 思考；eat 吃饭。] 2．A.suggestion B．demand C．plan D．request C [下文语境题。联系下文的 You don't have a personal plan for growth 可知，Kurt 认为作者没有自己的个人成长计划，由此可知前面是 Kurt 在问作者的个人成长计划(plan)。 suggestion 建议；demand 要求；plan 规划，计划；request 要求。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 3．A.appeal B．look C．call D．qualify D [下文语境题。根据接下来作者列举的自己参与的各种活动、付出的努力以及收获我 们知道，空格处表示作者在尽力寻找对自己来说称得上(qualify for)成长的事情。appeal for 吸引，呼吁；look for 寻找；call for 要求，需要；qualify for 有权获得，有资格获 得。] 4．A.involved B．trapped C．lost D．bathed A [下文语境题。根据下文的 how hard I worked and the gains I was making 可知， 空格处所在句的句意是“我告诉了他我参与(be involved in)的很多活动”。be involved in 参与；be trapped in 困在……里；be lost in 迷失在；be bathed in 沐浴在……中。] 5．A.lecture B．speech C．discussion D．debate B [下文语境题。根据下文的 I must have talked for ten minutes 可知，作者一个 人在高谈阔论(go into a speech)。lecture 教训；speech 演讲；discussion 谈论；debate 辩论。] 6．A.calculated B．listened C．drank D．explained B [上文语境题。根据前文的 I must have talked for ten minutes 可知，只有作者 在说，Kurt 当然是在听(listen)了。calculate 计算，核算；listen 听；drink 喝，喝酒； explain 解释。] 7．A.eagerly B．gradually C．gratefully D．finally D [上文语境题。根据前文 Kurt ____ patiently 中的 patiently 可知，Kurt 先是耐 心地听，最终(finally)笑了。eagerly 急切地；gradually 逐渐地；gratefully 感恩地； finally 最终。] 8．A.admitted B．interrupted C．apologized D．complained A [上下文语境题。根据前面的否定回答以及后面的 I wasn't doing anything ____ to make myself better.可知，作者承认(admit)了 Kurt 说的话。admit 承认；interrupt 打断； apologize 道歉；complain 抱怨。] 9．A.automatic B．slow C．independent D．changing A [上下文语境题。根据前文的 You don't have a personal plan for growth...和 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 后文中作者的计划可知，此处是指成长不是自动(automatic)完成的事，需要有计划。 automatic 自动的；slow 缓慢的；independent 独立的；changing 正在变化的。] 10．A.confused B．informed C．pleased D．hit D [下文语境题。下文的 I wasn't doing anything 说明了作者的惊讶，作者在那时突 然意识到(hit)……confuse 使困惑；inform 通知；please 使高兴；hit 使突然意识到。] 11．A.on loan B．on purpose C．on sale D．on balance B [上文语境题。根据前文的 don't have a personal plan (没有个人规划)可知，作 者从来没有特意(on purpose)做过什么事，让自己变得更优秀。on loan 借出；on purpose 有意，故意；on sale 上市，销售；on balance 总的来说。] 12．A.comment B．announcement C．decision D．arrangement C [下文语境题。由下文的 I will develop and follow a personal growth plan(我 将制订一个个人成长计划并遵循)可知，这是作者的决定(decision)。comment 评论； announcement 宣布；decision 决定；arrangement 安排。] 13．A.life B．progress C．performance D．investment A [上下文语境题。根据前文的 I tried to find things in my life 和下文的 He was offering a ____ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.可知，作者要 说的是和自己的人生(life)有关的个人成长计划。life 生活，人生；progress 进步，进展； performance 表演，表现；investment 投资。] 14．A.contract B．conversation C．negotiation D．argument B [上文语境题。根据前文作者和 Kurt 的交流可知，这里是作者告诉妻子关于自己和 Kurt 之间的对话(conversation)。contract 合同；conversation 对话；negotiation 谈判； argument 争辩。] 15．A.lent B．sold C．showed D．offered C [下文语境题。根据下文的 Kurt was selling 以及 Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale 可知 Kurt 是销售员。此处表示作者把 Kurt 销售的练习册和磁带给妻子看(show)。 lend 借给，借出；sell 销售；show 展示，给……看；offer 提供。] 16．A.recalled B．defined C．recognized D．declared 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 C [下文语境题。下文的 He was offering...to change our lives and achieve our dreams.是对此空所在句的进一步解释，也就是说我们认识到(recognize)Kurt 不仅仅是在 做销售。recall 回想，回忆起；define 给……下定义，界定；recognize 认识到；declare 宣布。] 17．A.tool B．method C．way D．rule C [下文语境题。根据下文的作者和妻子做出的改变可知：Kurt 不仅仅是在销售，也 给我们提供了改变人生、实现梦想的途径(way)。tool 工具；method 方法，a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法；way 途径，方法，a way to do/of doing sth.做某事的方法； rule 规则。] 18．A.provide B．buy C．give D．deliver B [上文语境题。根据上文的 Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale 可知 Kurt 是做销售的，我们自然是购买(buy)他的产品了。provide 提供；buy 买；give 给；deliver 递送。] 19．A.grow B．survive C．move D．gather A [下文语境题。根据下文的 While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知，作者和妻子做出承诺要共同成长(grow)。grow 成长，长大；survive 活下 来，幸存；move 移动；gather 聚集。] 20．A.difficult B．random C．firm D．wise D [下文语境题。根据下文的 While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知，我们一起成长，然而有太多的夫妻逐渐疏远。这表明了我们的行动是明智 的(wise)。difficult 困难的；random 随机的；firm 坚定的；wise 明智的。] 【导学号：57732020】 B (2016·苏、锡、常、镇调研) There was a handful of common clay in the river bank.But it had __21__ thoughts of its own value, and wonderful dreams of the great place it was to __22__ in the world when the time came for its virtues to be __23__． One day the clay was carried far away in a cart __24__ a stony road.But it was not __25__ , for it said to itself，“This is necessary.The path to glory is always __26__．Now I am on my way to play a great part in the world.” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 But the hard journey was __27__， compared with the suffering after it.The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten.It seemed almost __28__．But there was __29__ in the thought that something very noble was __30__ coming out of all this trouble.The clay felt sure that, if it could only wait long enough, a wonderful reward was __31__ for it. Then it was put upon a __32__ turning wheel, and turned around until it seemed as if it must fly into a thousand pieces.A strange power pressed and molded it, and through all the dizziness and pain it felt that it was taking a new __33__． Then an unknown hand put it into an oven, and __34__ fires were burning about it.But the clay held itself together, in the confidence of a great future. At last the baking was finished.The clay was __35__ upon a board, in the cool air.The suffering was passed.The reward was at hand. Then the clay saw the reward of all its __36__ and pain—a common flower －pot, straight and ugly.It felt that it was not __37__ for a king's house, nor for a palace of art.Many days it passed in __38__． But presently it was set in a greenhouse, where the sunlight fell warm upon it, and day by day as it waited, something was changing within it—a new hope.Still it was __39__， not knowing what the new hope meant. But one day the clay was carried into a great church.All the people looked towards it because it carried a royal lily as white as snow, which was __40__ in its heart.Now it knew what the hope is! Then the clay was content, because, though an earthen pot, it held so great a treasure. 本文是一篇记叙文。从前在河岸边有普通的黏土。但它对自己的价值却抱有很高的看法 以及奇妙的梦想，认为自己的优点终将被人发现。一天，黏土被运到了遥远的地方。在付出 了耐心并且经受了痛苦之后，黏土最终成了一只普普通通的花盆。自此一连数日它抑郁寡欢。 然而，有一天它被带进了大教堂，所有人都向它张望，因为它怀着一颗皎白如雪的王室百合， 而花的根就在它的心里。这时黏土心满意足了，因为虽然自己只是一只泥土器皿，但里面装 的却是一件稀世奇珍。 21．A.deep B．high C．blind D．free B [考查形容词。根据下文的 something very noble 可知，黏土对自己的价值却抱有 很高的看法。high 意为“高的；高尚的，崇高的”；deep 意为“深的；深刻的，深厚的”； blind 意为“瞎的，失明的；盲目的，视而不见的”；free 意为“自由的，免费的”。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 22．A.need B．name C．know D．fill D [考查动词。根据上文的 the great place 可知，它对自己在世界上要填补的位置具 有奇妙的梦想。fill 意为“填补，充满”；need 意为“需要，必须”；name 意为“命名， 取名；提名，任命”；know 意为“知道，了解”。] 23．A.discovered B．developed C．praised D．obtained A [考查动词。它认为一旦时运到来，自己的优点终将被人发现。discover 意为“发 现，找到”；develop 意为“发展，成长，发育”；praise 意为“称赞，赞扬”；obtain 意为“获得，得到”。] 24. A．in B．over C．across D．through B [考查介词。一天，黏土被装到一辆车上，沿着一条铺着石块的路，运到遥远的地方 去。over 意为“在……的上面；跨过，越过；从一边至……的另一边”；in 意为“在…… 里面”；across 意为“穿过，横跨；从一边到另一边”；through 意为“穿过，通过”。] 25．A.satisfied B．thrilled C．discouraged D．confused C [考查形容词。根据该空后句可知，但黏土并不气馁。discouraged 意为“气馁的， 灰心的，沮丧的”；satisfied 意为“满意的，满足的”；thrilled 意为“非常兴奋的，极 为激动的”；confused 意为“困惑的，糊涂的”。] 26．A.correct B．narrow C．rough D．straight C [考查形容词。根据上文的 a stony road 以及下文的 the hard journey 可知，它在 心里想：“这完全是必要的。通往光荣的道路总是艰难崎岖的。现在我就要到世界上去完成 我的重大使命。”rough 意为“崎岖的，高低不平的”；correct 意为“正确的，合适的”； narrow 意为“狭窄的，狭小的，狭隘的”；straight 意为“直的，笔直的；直率的，坦诚 的”。] 27．A.anything B．everything C．something D．nothing D [考查代词。这段路程非常辛苦，但比起后来所经受的痛苦却又算不上什么。nothing 意为“没有什么”；anything 意为“任何事物”；everything 意为“所有事物”；something 意为“某物，某事”。] 28．A.unbearable B．unconvincing C．unavoidable D．unaccustomed 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 A [考查形容词。根据上文的“The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten.”可知，黏土被抛进一个容器里面，然后便是一番掺合、捶打。真是苦不堪言。 unbearable 意为“不堪忍受的，无法容忍的”；unconvincing 意为“难以令人信服的，没 有说服力的”；unavoidable 意为“不可避免的，无法阻止的”；unaccustomed 意为“不习 惯的，不熟悉的”。] 29．A.anxiety B．comfort C．sympathy D．despair B [考查名词。但是一想到某种崇高的事物必将从这一番痛苦中产生，也就释然了。 comfort 意为“安慰，慰藉”；anxiety 意为“焦虑，不安”；sympathy 意为“同情心，同 情”；despair 意为“绝望”。] 30．A.possibly B．certainly C．immediately D．easily B [考查副词。根据下文的 The clay felt sure 可知，某种崇高的事物必将从这一番 痛苦中产生。certainly 意为“当然，肯定”；possibly 意为“可能，也许”；immediately 意为“立即，马上”；easily 意为“容易地，简单地”。] 31. A．in use B．in time C．in store D．in need C [考查介词短语。黏土坚决相信，只要它能耐心地等待下去，总有一天它将得到重酬。 in store for 意为“等待着，即将发生”；in use 意为“在使用中”；in time for 意为 “及时”；in need of 意为“需要”。] 32. A．swiftly B．steadily C．gently D．slowly A [考查副词。根据下文的 it seemed as if it must fly into a thousand pieces 可知，接着它被放到一只飞速转动着的悬盘上去，自己也跟着悬盘旋转起来，那感觉真好像 自己即将被甩得粉身碎骨。swiftly 意为“迅速地，飞快地”；steadily 意为“稳定地，持 续地”；gently 意为“温柔地，轻轻地”；slowly 意为“缓慢地”。] 33．A.place B．direction C．function D．form D [考查名词。一种奇怪的力量把它挤压塑形，它在经历一切眩晕痛苦之后，觉得自己 已经开始变成一种新的形状。form 意为“形状，形式，形态”；place 意为“地方，位置， 名次”；direction 意为“方向，指导”；function 意为“功能，作用”。] 34．A.dangerous B．evil C．fierce D．destructive C [考查形容词。然后一只陌生的手把它放进炉灶，周围烈火熊熊。但黏土始终十分坚 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 强，对自己的伟大前途信心不坠。fierce 意为“猛烈的，狂暴的”；dangerous 意为“危险 的，不安全的”；evil 意为“邪恶的，罪恶的”；destructive 意为“破坏性的，毁灭性的”。] 35．A.set down B．set out C．set about D．set off A [考查动词短语。最后烘焙完毕。黏土被放在一块木板上面，在凉风之中慢慢冷却。 一番磨难过后，报偿的日子也就不远了。set down 意为“放下，搁下；写下，记下；制订， 规定”；set out 意为“出发，启程；开始，着手；安排，陈列”；set about 意为“开始， 着手”；set off 意为“出发，启程；使爆炸；引发，激起”。] 36．A.value B．patience C．trust D．complaint B [考查名词。根据上文的 if it could only wait long enough 可知，然后黏土看见 了自己付出的耐心以及痛苦之后的报偿——一只普普通通的花盆，线条生硬、丑陋。patience 意为“耐心，容忍，忍耐”；value 意为“价值，重要性”；trust 意为“信任，信赖”； complaint 意为“投诉，抱怨”。] 37．A.intended B．qualified C．allowed D．presented A [考查动词。它感觉到自己既不可能登帝王之家，也不可能入艺术之宫。intend 意 为“想要，打算，计划”；be intended for 为固定短语，意为“为……计划，为……打算”。 qualify 意为“使有资格，使合格”；allow 意为“允许，准许”；present 意为“颁发， 授予，呈献”。] 38. A．peace B．passion C．depression D．harmony C [考查名词。根据上文的 a common flower－pot，straight and ugly 可知，自此 一连数日它抑郁寡欢。depression 意为“抑郁，沮丧，消沉”；peace 意为“和平，和睦， 安宁”；passion 意为“强烈爱好，酷爱；热情，激情”；harmony 意为“和谐，协调；融 洽，和睦”。] 39．A.conscious B．optimistic C．innocent D．ignorant D [考查形容词。根据下文的 not knowing 可知，它对此仍然毫不理解，也不懂得这个 希望意味着什么。ignorant 意为“不知道的，不了解的；无知的，愚昧的”；conscious 意为“有意识的，神志清醒的”；optimistic 意为“乐观的”；innocent 意为“天真的， 幼稚的；无辜的，清白的”。] 40．A.mixed B．fixed C．rooted D．buried 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 C [考查动词。所有人都向它张望，因为它怀着一颗皎白如雪的王室百合，而花的根就 在它的心里。be rooted in 为固定短语，意为“扎根于，深植于”。root 意为“使生根”； mix 意为“混合，掺和”；fix 意为“固定，安装，修理”；bury 意为“掩埋，埋藏，埋葬”。] C (2016·合肥市第一次教学质量检测) After stepping out of the international plane，I realized my 10－hour sleepy voyage finally came to an end.Sitting on the bus，I was waiting anxiously for it to start. A woman，sitting next to me，and her daughter both seemed __41__．She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would throw up continuously；__42__， the mother had lost her __43__．Apart from a significant amount of money，the purse also had her phone and a phone number of an important __44__，a person she was travelling 90 kilometers to meet for discussing a __45__ matter which had to be __46__ by tomorrow morning. I handed her my cellphone without __47__ and told her that she could make any call she wanted.I also __48__ a bottle of water I had in my bag to relieve her daughter of her __49__．After making several calls，they finally __50__ to the official! They turned to look at me __51__ and thanked me many times.The woman tried to pay for my __52__，but I jumped to do it before her __53__ I knew she had lost her money. Next morning，I received a call from the mother，saying that they couldn't tell how much my __54__ act touched them.They were so __55__ that they had taken down my number to thank me.I was __56__ to be thanked in this way.I never thought my simple offer __57__ so much in her heart.And I thought of how many opportunities for __58__ we had lost by plugging into cellphones and being disconnected __59__ the reality around us—something with easy access may make a big __60__ to others. 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在公交车上帮助一对母女渡过难关的故事告 诉我们：小小的关怀和帮助有时会对别人产生很大的影响。 41．A.excited B．relaxed C．unconscious D．uncomfortable D [根据下文的“She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would throw up continuously”和“the mother had lost her ____”可知，这对母女都看起来 很焦虑(uncomfortable)，故选 D。] 42．A.besides B．however 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 C．therefore D．otherwise A [根据上下文语境可知，此处表示除此之外，这位母亲还丢了钱包，故选 A。] 43．A.phone B．address C．purse D．luggage C [参见上题解析。下文的“the purse also had her phone”是提示。] 44．A.accountant B．doctor C．lawyer D．official D [根据第 50 空后面的“the official”可知，此处指钱包里有一位重要的官员的电 话，故选 D。] 45．A.simple B．pressing C．political D．financial B [根据空后的“which had to be ____ by tomorrow morning”可知，这件事必须在 明天上午之前解决(settle)，由此可知，这是一件紧急的事情。pressing “紧迫的，迫切 的”，故选 B。] 46．A.settled B．ignored C．raised D．dropped A [参见上题解析。] 47．A.doubt B．permission C．question D．hesitation D [此处表示作者毫不犹豫地把手机递给那位女士。故选 D。] 48．A.produced B．ordered C．bought D．sold A [根据语境可知，作者从包里拿出一瓶水。produce “拿出”，故选 A。] 49．A.fever B．stress C．sickness D．appetite C [根据上文内容可知，作者拿出水是为了缓解那个女孩的胃痛，故选 C。] 50．A.came over B．got through C．looked up D．turned around B [根据语境可知，打了几个电话后，她们终于打通了那位官员的电话。get through 表示“(用电话)联系上”。故选 B。] 51．A.doubtfully B．closely C．anxiously D．gratefully D [作者帮助了她们，她们充满感激地看着作者并且感谢作者很多次。故选 D。] 52．A.water B．offer 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 C．ticket D．assistance C [根据语境可知，为了感谢作者，那位女士想要为作者付车票钱。故选 C。] 53．A.since B．if C．while D．although A [根据空格前后的内容可知此处表示原因。故选 A。] 54．A.temporary B．generous C．cautious D．honest B [作者慷慨的行为让她们非常感动，故选 B。] 55．A.reasonable B．flexible C．considerate D．desperate C [那对母女考虑得很周到，记下了作者的电话号码来感谢作者，故选 C。] 56．A.ashamed B．astonished C．disappointed D．amused B [收到感谢后作者很吃惊，因为作者认为那只是一种简单的帮助，故选 B。] 57．A.weighed B．balanced C．increased D．ranked A [作者从来没想过自己简单的帮助却在她心中产生了如此大的影响，故选 A。 weigh“有影响”。] 58．A.courage B．success C．kindness D．justice C [根据下文意思可知，此处表示我们曾经失去过很多表达善意的机会，故选 C。] 59．A.in B．beyond C．of D．from D [根据上下文的意思可知，我们通常塞上耳机，与我们周围的现实相脱离，从而失去 了对别人表达善意的机会，故选 D。] 60．A.promise B．wish C．difference D．gesture C [此处表示一些很容易做到的事情却对别人有很重要的意义。故选 C。make a difference“有影响，有作用”。]