专题12 文学与艺术（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术 模拟训练 Passage 1（2017年高考名校调研卷第二模拟）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹的一些博物馆举办的主题展览 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 After the long winter, there’re plenty of things going on in Amsterdam, the Netherlands for both the visitor and the resident. Check out our guide to Amsterdam museum exhibitions below.‎ Hermitage Amsterdam Exhibition 1917. From Romanov to Revolution is expected to open 11 Feb. and runs until 17 Sept. 2017. The Outsider Art Museum (in the Hermitage Amsterdam) includes world-class art works by Dutch and international outsider artists such as Shinichi Sawada.‎ Stedelijk Jean Tinguely — Machine Spectacle, overview of work from the Swiss artist known for his kinetic art(动态艺术). Runs 1 Oct. 2016 to 5 Mar. 2017. Jordan Wolfson — Truth/Love, presentation of work from the American artist who explores the increasing digitalisation of society. Runs 4 Mar. to 7 May 2017. Ed van der Elsken — Camera in Love, large public exhibition of the work of the most important Dutch photographer of the 20th century. Scheduled for 4 Feb. to 28 May 2017.‎ National Holocaust Museum The newly opened museum presents Tangible Memories from the Jewish monument, exhibition of objects, photos and documents of people affected by the Holocaust(大屠杀). Opened 2 Sept. 2016, ongoing until the end of 2019.‎ Dutch Resistance Museum Between 1940 and 1945 the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. Five Dutch chefs have taken on the challenge of creating dishes using only ingredients that were available during the occupation. Food in Wartime offers a particular insight into daily life during this time. Learn more and have a look at the modern chefs’ creations at the Dutch Resistance Museum from 15 October 2016 until May 2017.‎ ‎1.Whose works are about technology?‎ A. Jordan Wolfson. B. Shinichi Sawada.‎ C. Jean Tinguely. D. Ed van der Elsken.‎ ‎2.Which exhibition lasts the longest?‎ A. Exhibition 1917. B. Machine Spectacle.‎ C. Camera in Love. D. Tangible Memories.‎ ‎3.What does the author say about Food in Wartime?‎ A. It’s about diet in World War Ⅰ.‎ B. It lets visitors know more about war.‎ C. Chefs can cook unexpected delicious food.‎ D. Visitors can see what people in wartime ate.‎ ‎4.What type of writing is this passage?‎ A. An art show review. ‎ B. An exhibition guide.‎ C. An official report. ‎ D.A news report.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹的一些博物馆举办的主题展览。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Jordan Wolfson — Truth/Love, presentation of work from the American artist who explores the increasing digitalisation of society"可知，主题展Truth/Love展出的是Jordan Wolfson的作品，其作品探索日益数字化的社会，属于科技范畴，故选A。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Between 1940 and 1945... offers a particular insight into daily life during this time"可知，在Food in Wartime主题展上，五位主厨会用荷兰被占领期间人们使用的食材来烹饪食物，这个主题展也展现那个时期人们的日常生活。由此可知，在Food in Wartime主题展上，参观者能了解到战争时期人们吃的是什么。故选D。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，本文是一个展览手册，介绍了阿姆斯特丹的一些博物馆举办的主题展览。故选B。‎ Passage 2（2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考试题）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 古希腊说服他人的艺术 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.‎ Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how ‎ to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.‎ Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.‎ Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.‎ Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of persuasion?‎ A. To advise somebody to support you.‎ B. To help someone have special skill C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.‎ D. To talk someone into being honest.‎ ‎2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?‎ A. Pathos. B. Ethos. ‎ C. Logos. D. Education.‎ ‎3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?‎ A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.‎ B. Both save people from terrible wars.‎ C. Both make the audience support them.‎ D. Both persuade people to donate money.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.”可知，演讲者说服听众相信他的方法是Ethos，故选B。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。‎ Passage 3（2017届江西省南昌二中、临川一中高三下学期联考）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 议论文 什么样的艺术才是伟大艺术 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Can you define great art? On the one hand, we can all see that great art is old art which is called great. But how do we know which art of our own times is great, and which will be forgotten? And who decides?‎ These are important questions, for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time. When Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were writing, for example, most critics considered them as hack (平庸的) writers with little or no literary ability.‎ Similarly, Van Gogh and many of the other Impressionist painters of the late nineteenth century were not allowed to participate in events involving what were thought to be the "real" painters of the time, and often they were very poor. Yet today their paintings often sell for millions of dollars, while those so-called "real" painters are now barely remembered.‎ So what makes great art? Can, for example, rock music be great art? Music videos? Cartoons and comics? Those who call themselves critics of the fine arts often have been the last to recognize great art in the past, and we can probably expect this to be the situation today.‎ Critics often don’t recognize great art because they tend to be prejudiced against what is popular. Popular works, whether they are novels, movies, or comics, are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only, and not for the sake of art.‎ But popularity, it seems to me, is one of the three signs that a present-day work of art may come to be thought of as great. The other two are that it is groundbreaking, and that it is inherently (内在的) beautiful.‎ Many works have one or even two of these qualities of being popular, unusual, and beautiful. But having all the three often will mean that a work of art will someday be seen to be great, though it may take a good spoonful of time, such as a century or two, to know for sure.‎ ‎1.The first paragraph is intended to__________.‎ A. lead to the following and arouse the reader’s curiosity B. introduce some real painters to the readers C. introduce the questions the writer wants to answer D. explain what kind of art will become popular ‎2.The author used the examples of Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Van Gogh to prove _____.‎ A. these masters’ works have some shortcomings B. these masters wouldn’t have been so successful without the critics C. truly beautiful works of art are never understood when first created D. great masters are often not acknowledged while they were alive ‎3.According to the author, great works _______.‎ A. may be presented in different forms B. are generally valued by critics C. are thought valuable because of their sale price D. will lose their value if they’re not accepted ‎4.What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Critics have changed their attitudes to great works.‎ B. Most of the opinions of critics are valueless.‎ C. The work of art itself, not the critics, determines its greatness.‎ D. Works of Impressionist painters will be great one day.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是篇议论文。作者在文中阐述了什么样的艺术才是伟大艺术，他们有什么特点，伟大的艺术往往在其存在的年代可能不会受到重视，甚至会得到很多的指责和批判。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】推理判断题。作者在第一段中接连提出了几个问题，目的在于吸引读者的兴趣，而引出后文。故选A。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中的描述和常识可知，伟大的艺术有多种形式的体现，例如在文学、绘画、音乐等方面。再根据倒数第二段和倒数第三段内容可知，BCD三项叙述错误。故选A。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章后四段中的句子“Those who call themselves critics of the fine arts often have been the last to recognize great art in the past… Critics often don’t recognize great art because they tend to be prejudiced against what is popular… But popularity, it seems to me, is one of the three signs that a present-day work of art may come to be thought of as great. The other two are that it is groundbreaking, and that it is inherently (内在的) beautiful…Many works have one or even two of these qualities of being popular, unusual, and beautiful.”可知，伟大的艺术关键在于其本身的受欢迎程度，不同寻常的特点和内在的美，而不在于评论家的评判。故选C。‎ Passage 4（2017届江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 艺术是一个时期文化的综合体现 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 Art is visible. However, everything one sees is filtered through certain conditions, some of them historical, and others, natural. The historical conditions include the material which is used —oil, colors, and the canvas; second, a certain style. There can be a general style, for example, the style of Impressionism, or a particular style, for example, the individual ways in which two painters, both impressionists, paint. The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions.‎ The conditions of art are nothing but a particular way of interpreting reality. To understand this, one can examine the difference between the classical Greek and the classical Egyptian styles. For the Greeks, the reality of the visible was given by the perspective and the situation in which the object appears; for that reason they presented a person in his individual movements. For the Egyptians, however, this was only the appearance of a brief moment, which, according to their beliefs, was not real. Therefore, the Egyptians searched for the permanent essence and the typical character in their depiction of an object. For the Egyptians, Greek art was an illusion; for the Greeks, on the other hand, Egyptian art was unrealistic constructivism.‎ The way in which reality appears in art must not be regarded on its own. It is affected by many other systems of recognizing reality, including the political, religious, economic, intellectual, and social — in short, all the phenomena of human life.‎ Moreover, art is always of a certain epoch (纪元)，with its particular conception of reality. Thus, when discussing, for example, the art of ancient myth, of medieval Christianity, or that of the technological age, one must be aware that myth, Christianity, or technology was the most outstanding feature of the epoch.‎ It is paradoxical (似是而非的)to understand art as some kind of copy of the fields of experience connected with it. So, for example, it is meaningless for the work of art to be compared with the landscape, which served the artist as his model. Even if the artist had tried to make what he painted as similar as possible to the model he used, the landscape which he saw is only the matter from which something completely different emerges since he has submitted his view to the conditions of art: namely to the material used (colors, canvas, etc.), to his style, and even to the fact that he paints on a flat surface. Thus one must contemplate (注视）a work of art by itself. Even if it is connected to other fields of experience it nevertheless displays something unique which appears in that piece of art and there alone.‎ ‎1.What is mentioned as one of the conditions through which art is seen?‎ A. Impressionism. B. Optical illusions.‎ C. Nature. D. Perspective.‎ ‎2.Why did the Egyptians search for the permanent essence of an object?‎ A. Egyptian art was thought to be unrealistic constructivism.‎ B. They should present a person in his individual movements.‎ C. The reality of the visible was only the presence of an instant.‎ D. The appearance of the object features largely in the reality.‎ ‎3.What can we infer after reading the passage?‎ A. The conditions of art are more than a particular way of interpreting reality.‎ B. The way in which reality appears in art should be regarded only on its own.‎ C. Myth, Christianity, or technology was under the influence of a unique style.‎ D. Works of art were usually produced in response to certain interpretations.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了艺术是一个时期文化的综合体现，当时的神话、基督教或技术都会影响到艺术的独特风格。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The natural conditions include certain unchanging psychological laws of sight, for instance, the effects of colors or optical illusions.”（自然条件包括视觉上的不变的心理规律，例如，颜色或光学错觉效果。）可知正确答案。故选B。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，艺术是一个时期文化的综合体现，当时的神话、基督教或技术都会影响到艺术的独特风格。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎