三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（4）名词性从句

三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（4）名词性从句

高三最困难考点系列（4）名词性从句 名词性从句 ‎★★★★★‎ ‎○○○○○‎ ‎【命题说明】名词性从句是高考命题中最难的考点之一，名词性从句的命题形式灵活多样，正确判断和使用连接词是名词性从句主要的命题形式。名词性从句主要以语法填空、短文改错、单项填空的形式进行考查。高考范文中含有名词性从句的句子也是判断高级句型的体现。‎ 名词性从句的核心考点 考点1　that引导的名词性从句 ‎1．that引导主语从句 ‎①That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.‎ 你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。‎ ‎②As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.‎ 当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。‎ ‎③It is announced in today's newspaper that Xi Jinping will pay a visit to Russia next week.‎ 今天报纸上宣称习近平下周要对俄罗斯进行访问。‎ 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。‎ ‎2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：‎ ‎①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎③It＋ be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎2．that引导宾语从句 ‎①[2015·北京]I truly believe that beauty comes from within.‎ 我确信美丽源自内在。‎ ‎②Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.‎ 汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。‎ ‎③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.‎ 我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎2．that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。‎ ‎3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ‎①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)‎ 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。‎ ‎②[2016·天津]The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(同位语从句)‎ 经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多工作要做。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。‎ ‎2．that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但一般不能省略。‎ 考点2　whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 ‎①It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ 新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.‎ 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)‎ ‎③The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎④He asked her the question whether they can be friends.‎ 他问她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎⑤I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.‎ 我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病危机。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)‎ 考点总结 ‎1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎①与or或or not连用时只能用whether ‎②从句作介词宾语时只能用whether ‎2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。‎ 考点三　who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句 ‎①[2015·北京]How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。‎ ‎②[2015·江苏]Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.‎ 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。‎ ‎③I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.‎ 我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。‎ ‎④[2017·福建福州质检]Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.‎ 有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。‎ ‎⑤We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.‎ 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2．能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。‎ ‎3．以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。‎ ‎4．以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 考点四　what，wh－ever引导的名词性从句 ‎①[2015·安徽]A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not what ships are built for.‎ 在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。‎ ‎②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)‎ 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。‎ ‎③We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)‎ 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。‎ ‎④[2016·北京]Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(让步状语从句)‎ 你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都能帮助我们。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ ‎2．wh－ever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为“任何……”或“无论……”，含有强调的语气。‎ ‎[解题剖析1]‎ 若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。‎ ‎[解题剖析2]‎ 对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；‎ ‎(2)注意which与that，which与what，whether与if以及其他wh－连接词的用法区别。‎ 语法填空 ‎1.（2017·北京）23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ 答案：whoever ‎2.（2017·江苏）26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.‎ 解析：what考查宾语从句。“half of _______ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。‎ 答案：what ‎3.（2017·天津）4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.‎ 解析：whether句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。‎ 答案：whether ‎4．(2016年江苏)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ 解析：句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故填that。‎ 答案：that ‎5．(2016年北京)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ 答案：Whatever ‎6．(2016年北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。‎ 答案：that ‎7．(2016年天津)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故填that。‎ 答案：that ‎8．(2015年重庆)We must find out ________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.‎ 解析：句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候来到，这样我们就可以为他订房间了。根据句意可知，为卡尔订房间需要知道的是到达时间。‎ 答案：when ‎9．(2015年四川)The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ 解析：句意：这次展览告诉我们，为什么我们应该为防止空气污染而做点事。分析句子结构可知，tell后面的宾语从句不缺主语、宾语或表语；根据句意，此处表示我们应该为防止空气污染做点事的原因，故填why。‎ 答案：why ‎10．(2015年安徽)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ships are built for.‎ 解析：句意：船停泊在港湾里会很安全，但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。分析句子成分可知，“________ ships are built for”是表语从句，从句中缺少for的宾语。因此填what引导表语从句并在其中作for的宾语。‎ 答案：what ‎11．(2015年北京)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ 解析：句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。根据句意可知，此处应填how引导主语从句。‎ 答案：How ‎12．(2015年福建)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ 解析：句意：——我很想知道这么多年过去了玛丽是如何保持身材的。——通过每天锻炼。根据答语可知，此处填how引导宾语从句。‎ 答案：how ‎13．(2015年浙江)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.‎ 解析：句意：如果你去河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝藏在水下。所填词在此处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ 答案：what ‎14．(2015年陕西)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ 答案：what ‎15．(2015年湖南)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ 解析：句意：如果你计划以最佳方式到达，你必须知道你要去哪里。分析句子结构并结合句意可知宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。‎ 答案：where ‎16．(2015年北京)I truly believe________ beauty comes from within.‎ 解析：句意：我真的认为美丽来自内心。分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，故此处填that连接宾语从句。that在从句中不作成分，通常可以省略。‎ 答案：that 单句改错 ‎1．My parents have always made that clear that we shouldn't judge a book by its cover. ‎ 答案：第一个that→it ‎2．John seemed puzzled about that the question meant. ‎ 答案：that→what ‎3．Mom often phones me, asking what I am getting along with my studies.‎ 答案：what→how ‎4．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is because he never finishes anything.‎ 答案：because→why ‎5．That Nancy likes best about college is that she can meet people from all over the country.‎ 答案：That→What 语法填空 ‎1．________worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.________she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill. She has some doubts 3.________she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar. Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days. Maybe this is 4.________she becomes fatter these days，she thinks.5.________she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions. But where she could get better suggestions and 6.________will give her better advice also puzzle her .It is her parents' suggestion 7.________she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital. Professor Wang suggests 8.________she keep a balanced diet first. She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein. What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day. Mary asked Professor Wang 9.________she should take exercise. Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. That is 10.________she will have more time to do sports. It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.‎ 答案：1.What　2.that　3.whether　4.why 5．How　6.who　7.that　8.that　9.when　10.because 语法填空 ‎【江西省百所名校2018届高三第一次联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A few days ago I attended a gathering,___1___ a girl shared that she had recently “lost” her wallet (it was most likely stolen). I remembered that ___2___ (feel) because I had lost my wallet many times throughout my younger years. And twice it ___3___ (return) to me.‎ I decided to label one of my small ___4___ (purse), which I actually had with me that day, with her name, along with some cash inside and an ___5___ (encourage) note The trick was to try to get it to her ___6___ (secret), because I don t know her and may not see her again. I quickly went to another area ___7___ (write) the note. And then I wrote her name on a piece of paper and left it by the main door with the purse where she would see it ___8___ her way out. I was really nervous and wondered ___9___ she would actually find it. I kept checking to see if she picked it up.‎ By the end of the evening, another guest ___10___ (mention) that she had the biggest smile on her face after finding it. The best part was that she had no idea who it was and just felt grateful to everyone in that room.‎ ‎【答案】1. where 2. feeling 3. was returned 4. purses 5. encouraging ‎ ‎6. secretly 7. to write 8. on 9. if/whether 10. mentioned ‎【解析】这篇短文讲述作者参加聚会碰到一个女孩说自己的钱包丢了，由于自己也丢过钱包并且有被归还的经历，而秘密的而巧妙的把自己的钱包给了这个女孩。‎ ‎2. 考查名词。句意：我记得那种感觉，因为在我年轻的时候，我的钱包丢了很多次。此处做remember的宾语，应该用名词词性feeling.故填feeling.‎ ‎3. 考查句子谓语。句意：有两次它被归还给我。句子主语it代指钱包，与动词return之间是被动关系，并且根据语境此句要用一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语应该用被动语态was returned.故填was returned.‎ ‎4. 考查名词。句意：我决定将标记我的一个小钱包。one of之后应该用名词复数。故填purses.‎ ‎5. 考查形容词。句意：里面有一些现金和一个令人鼓舞的便签。此处修饰名词note，应该用encouraging（令人鼓舞的）修饰事物。故填encouraging.‎ ‎6. 考查副词。句意：计谋是尝试秘密地把它给她。此处修饰动词try to get，应该用副词修饰动 词。故填secretly.‎ ‎7. 考查不定式。句意：我很快到另一个地方写了这张便条。该处是本句的目的状语，应该用不定式表目的。故填to write.‎ ‎8. 考查介词。句意：然后我把她的名字写在一张纸上还有钱包，把它放在主门上，，在她出去的路上，她应该会看到它。on one’s way…在某人…的路上。故填on.‎ ‎9. 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我真的很紧张，想知道她是否真的能找到。结合句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填if/whether.‎ ‎10. 考查动词。句意：晚上结束时，另一位客人说她发现了她脸上最大的笑容。此处是句子谓语，结合语境可知此句用一般过去时，应该用mention的过去式。故填mentioned.‎ 短文改错 ‎【山西省（康杰中学，忻州一中，长治二中，晋城一中，临汾一中）2018届高三上学期第二次名校联合考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I left home at 17 and pay my own way through college. In the past 20 years, I have worked for everything I needed. So it shocks me what some people in their 20s, still get their life supported by our parents. Some of these parents have difficult supporting their families.‎ It’s true that the job market is much more harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make living on our own. Even if our parents is nice enough to pay for our college, we shouldn’t burden them with our problems. We should be financial responsible adults, made our parents proud of us.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.句意：我17岁离开家，以自己的方式读完大学。此处是并列的谓语动词，故把pay―――paid。‎ ‎2.句意：有20％的人靠父母养着，这让我很震惊。it做形式主语，that引导的主语从句放在后面。故把what―――that。‎ ‎3. 句意：有20％的人靠父母养着，这让我很震惊。可知把our―――their。‎ ‎6.句意：目前找工作很难，然而，当然我们有自己谋生的方法。由此可知前后表示一种转折，故把Therefore―――However。‎ ‎7.固定词组：make a living谋生，可知在living前加a。‎ ‎8.句意：即使我们的父母足够的好供我们上大学，我们不应该用我们的问题来负担他们。our parents是句子的主语，复数形式，故把is―――are。‎ ‎9.句意：我们应该是在经济上负责任的成年人，让我们的父母为我们感到骄傲。副词修饰形容词，故把financial―――financially。‎ ‎10. 句意：我们应该是在经济上负责任的成年人，让我们的父母为我们感到骄傲。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把make――making。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎